EN 845-2:2001
(Main)Specification for ancillary components for masonry - Part 2: Lintels
Specification for ancillary components for masonry - Part 2: Lintels
This European Standard specifies requirements for prefabricated lintels for spans over clear openings up to a maximum of 4,5 m and made from steel, autoclaved aerated concrete, manufactured stone, concrete, prestressed concrete, fired clay units, calcium silicate units, natural stone units, or using a combination of these materials. Prefabricated lintels can be either complete lintels or the prefabricated part of a composite lintel. The following are not covered by this standard: lintels completely made on site; lintels, the tensile parts of which are made on site; timber lintels; natural stone lintels, not reinforced.
Festlegungen für Ergänzungsbauteile für Mauerwerk - Teil 2: Stürze
Diese Europäische Norm legt die Anforderungen an vorgefertigte Stürze, die aus Stahl, Porenbeton, Betonwerksteinen, Beton, Spannbeton, Mauerziegeln, Kalksandsteinen, Natursteinen oder aus einer Kombination dieser Baustoffe bestehen, für Stützweiten mit einer lichten Weite bis zu maximal 4,5 m fest.
Vorgefertigte Stürze können entweder vollständige Stürze oder der vorgefertigte Teil eines bauseits zu ergänzenden Sturzes sein.
Diese Norm gilt nicht für:
¾ vollständig auf der Baustelle hergestellte Stürze;
¾ Stürze, deren Zugzonen auf der Baustelle hergestellt werden;
¾ Holzstürze;
¾ unbewehrte Stürze aus Naturstein.
Spécification pour composants accessoires de maçonnerie - Partie 2: Linteaux
La présente norme européenne spécifie les prescriptions concernant les linteaux préfabriqués d'une portée maximale de 4,5 m au-dessus de l'ouverture libre, et réalisés en acier, béton cellulaire autoclavé, pierre reconstitué, béton, béton précontraint, éléments en terre cuite, éléments en silico-calcaire, éléments en pierre naturelle, ou en combinant ces matériaux.
Les linteaux préfabriqués peuvent être des linteaux complets ou constituer la partie préfabriquée d'un linteau composite.
Les types de linteau suivants ne sont pas couverts par la présente norme :
¾ linteaux entièrement réalisés sur le chantier ;
¾ linteaux dont les parties tendues sont réalisée sur le chantier ;
¾ linteaux en bois ;
¾ linteaux en pierre naturelle, sans armature.
Specifikacija za dodatne komponente zidovine - 2. del: Preklade
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 845-2:2002
01-januar-2002
Specifikacija za dodatne komponente zidovine - 2. del: Preklade
Specification for ancillary components for masonry - Part 2: Lintels
Festlegungen für Ergänzungsbauteile für Mauerwerk - Teil 2: Stürze
Spécification pour composants accessoires de maçonnerie - Partie 2: Linteaux
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 845-2:2001
ICS:
91.060.10 Stene. Predelne stene. Walls. Partitions. Facades
Fasade
91.080.30 Zidane konstrukcije Masonry
SIST EN 845-2:2002 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN 845-2:2002
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SIST EN 845-2:2002
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 845-2
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
April 2001
ICS 91.060.10; 91.080.30
English version
Specification for ancillary components for masonry - Part 2:
Lintels
Spécifications pour composants accessoires de Festlegungen für Ergänzungsbauteile für Mauerwerk - Teil
maçonnerie - Partie 2: Linteaux 2: Stürze
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 5 August 2000.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2001 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 845-2:2001 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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EN 845-2:2001
Contents Page
Foreword 3
1 Scope 4
2 Normative references 4
3 Definitions and Symbols 5
4 Materials 9
5 Requirements 10
6 Description and designation 14
7 Marking 15
8 Evaluation of conformity 15
Annex A (informative) Method for assessment of loads on lintels 18
Annex B (informative) Recommendations for installation of lintels 19
Annex C (normative) Corrosion protection systems 20
Annex D (normative) Scheme of factory production control 24
Bibliography 26
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EN 845-2:2001
Foreword
This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 125 "Masonry", the
secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2001, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn
at the latest by December 2001.
This European standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and
the European Free Trade Association and supports the essential requirements of the EU Construction Products
Directive (89/106/EEC) and includes the performance requirements referred to in the Eurocode for masonry
Structures.
In the present state of the art it is not practicable to include a means of verification of compliance with fire
performance requirements for all products covered by this standard. Consequently none are included.
The annexes C and D of this European Standard are normative, the annexes A and B are informative.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway,
Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
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EN 845-2:2001
1Scope
This European Standard specifies requirements for prefabricated lintels for spans over clear openings up to
a maximum of 4,5 m and made from steel, autoclaved aerated concrete, manufactured stone, concrete,
prestressed concrete, fired clay units, calcium silicate units, natural stone units, or using a combination of
these materials.
Prefabricated lintels can be either complete lintels or the prefabricated part of a composite lintel.
The following are not covered by this standard:
- lintels completely made on site.
- lintels, the tensile parts of which are made on site.
- timber lintels.
- natural stone lintels, not reinforced.
2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications.
These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed
hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to
this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the
latest edition of the publication referred to applies.
EN 206-1 Concrete – Part 1: Specification, performance, production and conformity
prEN 771-1 Specification for masonry units - Part 1: Clay masonry units
EN 771-2 Specification for masonry units - Part 2: Calcium silicate masonry units
prEN 771-3 Specification for masonry units - Part 3: Aggregate concrete masonry units
(Dense and light-weight aggregates)
EN 771-4 Specification for masonry units - Part 4: Autoclaved aerated concrete masonry
units
prEN 771-5 Specification for masonry units - Part 5: Manufactured stone masonry units
EN 771-6 Specification for masonry units - Part 6: Natural stone masonry units
EN 772-1 Methods of test for masonry units - Part 1: Determination of compressive
strength
EN 846-9 Methods of test for ancillary components for masonry - Part 9: Determination of
flexural resistance and shear resistance
EN 846-11 Methods of test for ancillary components for masonry - Part 11: Determination
of dimensions and bow of lintels
prEN 846-13 Methods of test for ancillary components for masonry - Part 13: Determination
of resistance to impact, abrasion and corrosion of organic coatings
prEN 998-2 Specification for mortar for masonry - Part 2: Masonry mortar
EN 990 Test methods for verification of corrosion protection of reinforcement in
autoclaved aerated concrete and lightweight aggregate concrete with open
structure
EN 10025 Hot rolled products of non-alloy structural steels - Technical delivery conditions
ENV 10080 Steel for the reinforcement of concrete- Weldable ribbed reinforced steel B 500 -
Technical delivery condition for bars, coils and welded fabric
EN 10088 Stainless steels
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EN 10111 Continuously hot rolled low carbon sheet and strip for cold forming - Technical
delivery conditions
EN 10130 Cold rolled low carbon steel flat products for cold forming - Technical delivery
conditions
EN 10138 Prestressing steels
EN 10142 Continuously hot-dip zinc coated low carbon steel sheet and strip for cold
forming - technical delivery conditions
EN 10147 Continuously hot-dip zinc coated unalloyed structural steel strip and sheet -
Technical delivery conditions
EN 10214 Continuously hot-dip zinc-aluminium (ZA) coated steel strip and sheet -
Technical delivery conditions
prEN 12602 Prefabricated reinforced components of autoclaved aerated concrete
EN ISO 1461 Hot dip galvanized coatings on fabricated iron and steel articles – Specifications
and test methods (ISO 1461:1999)
EN ISO 1463 Metallic and oxide coatings - Measurement of coating thickness - Microscopical
method (ISO 1463:1982)
EN 197-1 Cement- composition, specifications and conformity criteria – Part 1: Common
cements
ENV 1996-1-1 Design of masonry structures-Part 1-1: General rules for buildings - Rules for
reinforced and unreinforced masonry
3 Definitions and Symbols
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of this standard the following definitions apply:
NOTE: Examples of lintel types are shown in figures 1 to 3. The figures are only for illustration of
lintel types. Other details such as bearings, thermal insulation systems and damp proof courses are
not shown.
3.1.1 bearing length : Length of the end of a lintel which bears on its support.
3.1.2 clear opening : Clear distance between lintel supports.
3.1.3 combined lintel : Lintel consisting of two or more structural elements each one acting with
compression and tension zones.
3.1.4 composite lintel : Lintel comprising a prefabricated part and a complementary element of in-situ
masonry or concrete above, acting together.
3.1.5 composite lintel height : Overall height of the tension and compression zones of a composite lintel.
3.1.6 concrete lintel : Lintel manufactured using reinforced or prestressed concrete or manufactured
stone or autoclaved aerated concrete.
3.1.7 declared value : Value for a product property, determined in accordance with this standard, that a
manufacturer is confident of achieving bearing in mind the variability of the manufacturing process.
3.1.8 effective span : Distance between the centres of the bearing of a lintel, or the clear opening spanned
by the lintel plus the overall height of the lintel including any complementary element, whichever is the
lesser.
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3.1.9 flexural resistance : Mean uniformly distributed load at which failure of a sample of lintel
specimens occurs (or a lower load at which tests are stopped in accordance with the recommendations of the
manufacturer of the lintel).
3.1.10 flexural load at the stated deflection : Total of the uniformly distributed load which can be
sustained by a lintel without resulting in a deflection greater than the stated deflection.
3.1.11 lintel : Beam supporting load over an opening in a masonry wall.
3.1.12 lintel height : Overall height of the prefabricated part of a lintel.
3.1.13 lintel length : Overall length of the prefabricated lintel.
3.1.14 loadbearing capacity : Total of the uniformly distributed load that can be supported by the lintel
3.1.15 masonry lintel : Lintel comprising one or more shell casing units completed by the incorporation
within the shell casing of reinforced or prestressed concrete.
3.1.16 shear load resistance : Mean shear load at which failure of a sample of lintel specimens occurs (or
a lower load at which tests are stopped in accordance with the recommendations of the manufacturer of the
lintel).
3.1.17 shell casing unit : Preformed component with one or more channels into which is incorporated
either reinforced or prestressed concrete.
3.1.18 single lintel : Prefabricated lintel acting alone.
3.1.19 stated deflection - Manufacturer's chosen value of deflection that is not to be exceeded in the
intended use of the lintel.
3.1.20 steel lintel : Lintel manufactured from steel.
3.1.21 structural shell casing unit : Shell casing unit which is made of a material with a compressive
strength not less than that of the infill concrete.
3.2 Symbols
NOTE: General dimensions are illustrated in figure 4.
B is the smallest width of a structural shell casing unit specimen (mm)
b is the bearing length, (mm),
d is the composite lintel height, (mm),
c
d is the lintel height, (mm),
l
is the deflection at the flexural load P, (mm),
is the stated deflection, (mm),
d
H is the cut length of a structural shell casing unit specimen (mm)
l is the lintel length, (mm),
l is the clear opening, (mm),
o
l is the effective span, (mm),
e
P is the flexural load at the deflection , (kN or kN/m)
P is the declared value of flexural load at the stated deflection, (kN or kN/m)
d
d
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1
2
Key (1) Supported masonry
(2) Single lintel
Figure 1- Example of a single lintel (see 3.1.18)
1
2
3
Key (1) Supported masonry (3) Prefabricated part
(2) Complementary element (masonry or concrete
Figure 2 - Example of a composite lintel (see 3.1.4)
1
3
2
Key (1) supported masonry (3) Inner leaf lintel
(2) Outer leaf lintel
Figure 3 - Example of a combined lintel (see 3.1.3)
d
l
d
c
d
l
d
l
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l
b
l
o
l
e
1 2
Key (1) Lintels other than composite lintels
(2) Composite lintel
Figure 4 - General dimensions
d
l
d
l
d
c
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4 Materials
4.1 Steel lintels
Steel lintels shall be fabricated from carbon steel conforming to EN 10025, EN 10142, EN 10147,
EN 10130, EN 10111, or from stainless steels conforming to EN 10088.
4.2 Concrete lintels
Concrete lintels shall be fabricated from reinforced or prestressed concrete with or without non structural
shell casing units.
Steel reinforcement shall conform to EN 10080, EN 10138 or EN 10088. For lintels covered by this
standard, wire diameters shall be 2,5 mm or greater.
The concrete shall conform to EN 206-1 (material clauses only)
Autoclaved aerated concrete shall conform to prEN 12602 (definition and material clauses only).
4.3 Masonry lintels
Masonry lintels shall be fabricated using reinforced or prestressed concrete, masonry mortar, and structural
or non-structural shell casing masonry units in accordance with the following standards:
- concrete and steel (see 4.2)
- masonry mortar (see prEN 998-2)
- shell casing units shall be made from:
- clay (see prEN 771-1, materials clauses only)
- calcium silicate (see EN 771-2, materials clauses only)
- aggregate concrete (see prEN 771-3, materials clauses only)
- autoclaved aerated concrete (see EN 771-4, materials clauses only)
- manufactured stone (see prEN 771-5, materials clauses only)
- natural stone (see EN 771-6, materials clauses only)
The compressive strength of structural shell casing units shall be determined in accordance with the
principles of EN 772-1 using a cut specimen whose faces are ground in accordance with the requirements of
7.2 of that standard. Specimen set up and dimensional relationships are given in
figure 5.
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1
2
Key
(1) Two specimens tested together to achieve symmetrical loading
(2) Cut length H equals smallest width B
Figure 5 - Specimens for compressive strength test on structural shell casing units.
Corresponding mortar joints shall be selected by the manufacturer to meet the design performance
requirements of the lintel, see note 6 to table C.3
5 Requirements
5.1 General
The requirements and properties specified in this standard shall be defined in terms of the test methods and
procedures referred to in this European Standard.
NOTE Guidance on the use and installation of lintels is given in informative Annexes A and B.
The conformity criteria given in the following sub-clauses relate to initial type tests (see 8.2) and
consignment testing (see 8.4). For production evaluation the manufacturer shall define the conformity
criteria in the factory production control documentation.
5.2 Dimensions and tolerances
5.2.1 Dimensions
The manufacturer shall declare the length, width and height of the lintel and, in the case of non rectangular
shapes or cross sections, a drawing of the configuration with dimensions shall be given.
5.2.2 Mass per unit length
The manufacturer shall declare the mass per unit length of the lintel. This shall be obtained from specimens
sampled in accordance with Clause 8 and measured using an instrument capable of weighing the specimen
to an accuracy of 0,1 % of the mass of the specimen. The deviation from the declared value shall not exceed
5%.
5.2.3 Bearing length
The manufacturer shall declare the required minimum bearing length which shall be not less than 100 mm.
B
H
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NOTE The nature of the material upon which the lintel is to be supported may require a longer bearing
length.
5.2.4 Tolerances
When sampled in accordance with Clause 8 and measured by the method of EN 846-11, the deviations from
the declared values for dimensions and intended shapes or cross-sections shall not exceed those given in
table 1.
Table 1 - Dimensional tolerances
Dimension Tolerance
(mm)
Length ± 15
Width and height ± 5
Straightness or bow (horizontal and 0,5 % of the length, subject to a maximum value of 10
vertical curvature) mm from the intended profile
Camber of prefabricated part of the 0,7 % of the length from the intended profile
composite lintel
5.3 Mechanical performance
5.3.1. General
A manufacturer shall declare values for the loadbearing capacity and the flexural load at a stated deflection
based on either the results of tests or a calculation method.
The manufacturer should be able to demonstrate a correlation between his adopted calculation method and
the relevant test methods specified in this standard. However, the ultimate demonstration of compliance
with this standard is by testing.
5.3.2 Loadbearing capacity and load ratios
The manufacturer shall declare the loadbearing capacity of the lintel. Unless otherwise stated this shall be
the value corresponding to the maximum clear opening taking into account the declared values of length and
minimum required end bearings of the lintel.
For composite lintels the loadbearing capacity shall be the value for the complete lintel including the
complementary element.
Where lintels are intended to support two or more leaves of masonry, the manufacturer shall declare any
restrictions on the distribution of load across the width of the lintel in terms of the range of load ratios that
can be used. The requirements for flexural resistance in accordance with 5.3.3 and shear load resistance in
accordance with 5.3.5 shall be met in all cases.
5.3.3 Flexural resistance
When sampled in accordance with Clause 8 and tested by the method of EN 846-9, the flexural resistance
shall be greater than or equal to the manufacturer’s declared value of loadbearing capacity in accordance
with 5.3.1 and no individual value of flexural failure load shall be less than 90% of the manufacturer’s
declared value of loadbearing capacity.
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5.3.4 Deflection
The manufacturer shall declare a flexural load, P , at a stated deflection, , which is not to be exceeded in
d d
use and which is not greater than 1/200 of the effective span. When sampled in accordance with Clause 8
and tested in accordance with EN 846-9, for flexural resistance the mean deflection of the sample measured
at the flexural load, P , shall be less than or equal to the stated deflection .
d d
Where lintels deflect horizontally as well as vertically, the stated deflection shall be the maximum permitted
in either direction.
NOTE Where users wish to restrict the deflection in practice, d , to a value smaller than the stated
deflection, , then the flexural load should be adjusted as follows:
d
Pd
P=
d
5.3.5 Shear resistance
When sampled in accordance with Clause 8 and tested by the method of EN 846-9, the shear load resistance
shall be greater than or equal to 50% of the manufacturer’s declared value of loadbearing capacity in
accordance with 5.3.2 and the shear failure load of any individual specimen shall be not less than 45% of
the manufacturer’s declared value of loadbearing capacity.
5.4 Durability
5.4.1 General
The materials for the manufacture of the lintels and their corrosion protection systems shall be selected in
accordance with 5.4.2 or 5.4.3 and the material/coating reference in accordance with Annex C shall be
declared by the manufacturer.
5.4.2 Steel lintels
Steel lintels, other than those made from austenitic stainless steel, shall be protected against corrosion in
accordance with the requirements of C.1.
NOTE The corrosion protection required in any individual application will depend on the type of lintel,
whether a separate damp proof system is used, the degree of exposure and the climatic conditions and
therefore several grades of protection are given.
5.4.3 Concrete lintels and masonry lintels
The reinforcement of concrete lintels shall be protected against corrosion in accordance with the
requirements of C.2 and C.3.
The joints between the structural shell casing units and any grooves they contain shall be filled with
concrete or mortar. Where the joints are not filled, the units shall be considered to be non-structural.
5.5 Water penetration and installation
The manufacturer shall provide all necessary information to the purchaser on the correct procedure for
installing the lintel to avoid the risk of water penetration.
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NOTE For installation see Annex B (informative).
5.6 Thermal properties
The manufacturer shall provide details of the thermal performance of the li
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