prEN 1993-1-3
(Main)Eurocode 3 - Design of steel structures - Part 1-3: Cold-formed members and sheeting
Eurocode 3 - Design of steel structures - Part 1-3: Cold-formed members and sheeting
1.1 Scope of prEN 1993-1-3
(1) This document provides rules for structural design of cold-formed steel members and sheeting.
(2) This document applies to cold-formed steel products made from coated or uncoated hot- or cold-rolled sheet or strip, which have been cold-formed by processes such as roll-forming or press braking. It also covers sheeting and members which are curved during fabrication by continuous bending or roll-forming. Sheeting which has the curvature created by crushing the inner flanges is not included. This document is also applicable to the design of profiled steel sheeting for composite steel and concrete slabs at the construction stage, see EN 1994. The execution of steel structures made of cold-formed steel members and sheeting is covered in EN 1090 4. Provisions for bolted connections are provided in EN 1090 2.
NOTE The rules in prEN 1993 1 3 complement the rules in other parts of EN 1993 1.
(3) Methods are also given for stressed-skin design, using steel sheeting as a structural diaphragm.
(4) This document does not apply to cold-formed circular and rectangular structural hollow sections supplied to EN 10219, for which reference is made to EN 1993 1 1 and EN 1993 1 8.
(5) This document provides methods for design by calculation and for design assisted by testing. The methods for design by calculation apply only within the stated ranges of material properties and geometric proportions, for which sufficient experience and test evidence is available. These limitations do not apply to design assisted by testing.
1.2 Assumptions
(1) Unless specifically stated, EN 1990, EN 1991 (all parts) and EN 1993 1 1 apply.
(2) The design methods given in prEN 1993 1 3 are applicable if:
- the execution quality is as specified in EN 1090 4, the execution quality of bolted connections is as specified in EN 1090 2, and
- the construction materials and products are as specified in the relevant parts of EN 1993 (all parts), or in the relevant material and product specifications.
(2) EN 1993 is intended to be used in conjunction with:
- the parts of EN 1992 to EN 1999 where steel structures or steel components are referred to within those documents;
- EN, EAD and ETA standards for construction products relevant to steel structures.
Eurocode 3 - Bemessung und Konstruktion von Stahlbauten - Teil 1-3: Allgemeine Regeln - Ergänzende Regeln für kaltgeformte Bauteile und Bleche
1.1 Anwendungsbereich zu prEN 1993 1 3
(1) Dieses Dokument enthält Regeln für die Tragwerksplanung von kaltgeformten Stahlbauteilen und Blechen.
(2) Dieses Dokument gilt für kaltgeformte Stahlerzeugnisse aus beschichtetem oder nicht beschichtetem warm- oder kaltgewalzten Blech oder Band, das durch Rollprofilier- oder Gesenkbiegepressverfahren kaltgeformt wurde. Sie behandelt ebenfalls Bleche und Bauteile, die während der Fertigung durch stetiges Biegen oder Rollprofilieren gekrümmt werden. Bleche, deren Krümmung durch Zusammendrücken der Innengurte erzeugt wird, sind nicht enthalten. Dieses Dokument gilt auch für die Bemessung von profilierten Stahlblechen für Stahl-Beton-Verbunddecken im Bauzustand, siehe EN 1994. Die Ausführung von Stahltragwerken aus kaltgeformten Stahlbauteilen ist in EN 1090 4 geregelt. EN 1090 2 enthält Festlegungen zu Schraubverbindungen.
ANMERKUNG Die Regelungen in prEN 1993 1 3 sind Ergänzungen anderer Teile von EN 1993 1.
(3) Es werden auch Bemessungsverfahren für die Scheibentragfähigkeit von Schubfeldern aus Stahl-Profiltafeln angegeben.
(4) Dieses Dokument gilt nicht für kaltgeformte Rund- und Rechteckhohlprofile, die nach EN 10219 geliefert werden; hierzu wird auf EN 1993 1 1 und EN 1993 1 8 verwiesen.
(5) Dieses Dokument enthält Verfahren für die rechnerische Bemessung und die versuchsgestützte Bemessung. Die rechnerischen Bemessungsverfahren gelten nur in den angegebenen Grenzen für die Werkstoffkennwerte und geometrischen Verhältnisse, für die ausreichende Erfahrung und Versuchsergebnisse vorhanden sind. Diese Einschränkungen gelten nicht für die versuchsgestützte Bemessung.
1.2 Annahmen
(1) Sofern nicht spezifisch angegeben, gelten EN 1990, EN 1991 (alle Teile) und EN 1993 1 1.
(2) Die Bemessungsverfahren nach prEN 1993 1 3 gelten, wenn:
- die Ausführungsqualität den Festlegungen nach EN 1090 4 entspricht, die Ausführungsqualität der Schraubenverbindungen den Festlegungen nach EN 1090 2 entspricht; und
- die Baustoffe und Bauprodukte den Festlegungen in den maßgebenden Teilen von EN 1993 (alle Teile) oder den maßgebenden Baustoff- und Produktspezifikationen entsprechen.
(2) EN 1993 ist für die Anwendung Verbindung mit:
- den Teilen von EN 1992 bis EN 1999, wenn in diesen Dokumenten auf Stahltragwerke und Stahlbauteile Bezug genommen wird;
- EN-, EAD- und ETA-Normen für Bauprodukte, die für Stahltragwerke maßgebend sind
vorgesehen.
Eurocode 3 - Calcul des structures en acier - Partie 1-3: Règles générales - Règles supplémentaires pour les profilés et plaques formés à froid
1.1 Domaine d'application du prEN 1993-1-3
(1) Le présent document fournit des règles pour le calcul des structures des profilés et plaques nervurées en acier formés à froid.
(2) Le présent document s'applique aux produits en acier formés à froid par des procédés tels que le profilage aux galets ou le pliage à la presse plieuse, à partir de tôles ou bandes d'acier laminées à chaud ou à froid, revêtues ou non revêtues. Il couvre également les plaques nervurées et les profilés qui sont cintrés pendant la fabrication par un procédé de cintrage continu ou de profilage aux galets. Il ne couvre pas les plaques nervurées dont la courbure est obtenue par écrasement des semelles intérieures. Le présent document s'applique également au calcul des plaques nervurées en acier destinées aux dalles mixtes acier-béton en phase de coulage, voir EN 1994. L'exécution des structures en acier constituées de profilés et de plaques nervurées en acier formés à froid est couverte par l'EN 1090 4. Des dispositions pour les assemblages boulonnés sont fournies dans l'EN 1090 2.
NOTE Les règles données dans le prEN 1993 1 3 complètent celles des autres parties de l'EN 1993 1.
(3) Le présent document donne également des méthodes de calcul pour la conception des structures, tenant compte de la collaboration de paroi, en utilisant des plaques nervurées en acier comme diaphragme.
(4) Le présent document ne s'applique pas aux sections creuses de construction circulaires et rectangulaires formés à froid fournis suivant l'EN 10219, pour lesquels il convient de se reporter à l'EN 1993 1 1 et à l'EN 1993 1 8.
(5) Le présent document fournit des méthodes de dimensionnement par calcul et de dimensionnement assisté par des essais. Les méthodes de dimensionnement par calcul ne s'appliquent que dans des gammes bien définies de caractéristiques de matériaux et de proportions géométriques pour lesquelles on dispose d'une expérience suffisante et d'une validation par essais. Ces limitations ne s'appliquent pas au dimensionnement assisté par des essais.
1.2 Hypothèses
(1) Sauf indication contraire, l'EN 1990, l'EN 1991(toutes les parties) et l'EN 1993 1 1 s'appliquent.
(2) Les méthodes de calcul données dans le prEN 1993 1 3 sont applicables si :
- la qualité de l'exécution est telle que spécifiée dans l'EN 1090 4, la qualité de l'exécution des assemblages boulonnés est telle que spécifiée dans l'EN 1090 2 ; et
- les matériaux et produits de construction sont tels que spécifiés dans les parties pertinentes de l'EN 1993 (toutes les parties) ou dans les spécifications de matériaux et de produits appropriées.
(2) L'EN 1993 est destiné à être utilisé conjointement avec :
- les parties de l'EN 1992 à l'EN 1999 lorsque des structures en acier ou des composants en acier sont référencés dans ces documents ;
- les normes EN, DEE et ATE pour les produits de construction pertinents pour les structures en acier.
Evrokod 3 - Projektiranje jeklenih konstrukcij - 1-3. del: Splošna pravila - Dodatna pravila za hladno oblikovane profile in pločevino
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 1993-1-3:2022
01-maj-2022
Evrokod 3 - Projektiranje jeklenih konstrukcij - 1-3. del: Splošna pravila - Dodatna
pravila za hladno oblikovane profile in pločevinoEurocode 3 - Design of steel structures - Part 1-3: General rules - Supplementary rules
for cold-formed members and sheetingEurocode 3 - Bemessung und Konstruktion von Stahlbauten - Teil 1-3: Allgemeine
Regeln - Ergänzende Regeln für kaltgeformte Bauteile und Bleche
Eurocode 3 - Calcul des structures en acier - Partie 1-3: Règles générales - Règles
supplémentaires pour les profilés et plaques formés à froidTa slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 1993-1-3
ICS:
91.010.30 Tehnični vidiki Technical aspects
91.080.13 Jeklene konstrukcije Steel structures
oSIST prEN 1993-1-3:2022 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 1993-1-3
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
March 2022
ICS 91.010.30; 91.080.13 Will supersede EN 1993-1-3:2006
English Version
Eurocode 3 - Design of steel structures - Part 1-3: General
rules - Supplementary rules for cold-formed members and
sheeting
Eurocode 3 - Calcul des structures en acier - Partie 1-3: Eurocode 3 - Bemessung und Konstruktion von
Règles générales - Règles supplémentaires pour les Stahlbauten - Teil 1-3: Allgemeine Regeln - Ergänzende
profilés et plaques formés à froid Regeln für kaltgeformte Bauteile und BlecheThis draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 250.If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2022 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 1993-1-3:2022 E
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Contents Page
European foreword ............................................................................................................................................ 4
Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................... 5
1 Scope .......................................................................................................................................................... 8
2 Normative references .......................................................................................................................... 8
3 Terms, definitions and symbols ...................................................................................................... 9
3.1 Terms and definitions ......................................................................................................................... 9
3.2 Symbols .................................................................................................................................................. 14
3.3 Geometry and conventions.............................................................................................................. 32
4 Basis of design ...................................................................................................................................... 35
4.1 Basic requirements ............................................................................................................................ 35
4.2 Specific rules for cold-formed members and sheeting.......................................................... 35
5 Materials ................................................................................................................................................ 37
5.1 General.................................................................................................................................................... 37
5.2 Structural steel .................................................................................................................................... 39
5.3 Connecting devices ............................................................................................................................. 42
6 Durability ............................................................................................................................................... 42
7 Structural analysis .............................................................................................................................. 43
7.1 Structural modelling for analysis ................................................................................................. 43
7.2 Global analysis ..................................................................................................................................... 43
7.3 Structural modelling of cold-formed steel sections ............................................................... 47
7.4 Cross-sectional analysis — Geometric proportions and application range .................. 51
7.5 Cross-sectional analysis — Flange curling ................................................................................. 53
7.6 Cross-sectional analysis — Local and distortional buckling ............................................... 54
7.7 Cross-sectional analysis — Local buckling between fasteners .......................................... 80
8 Ultimate limit states ........................................................................................................................... 81
8.1 Resistance of cross-sections ........................................................................................................... 81
8.2 Buckling resistance ......................................................................................................................... 103
9 Serviceability limit states ............................................................................................................. 111
9.1 General................................................................................................................................................. 111
9.2 Plastic deformation ......................................................................................................................... 111
9.3 Deflections .......................................................................................................................................... 111
9.4 Walkability of trapezoidal sheeting .......................................................................................... 112
10 Design of joints ................................................................................................................................. 113
10.1 General................................................................................................................................................. 113
10.2 Splices and end connections of members subject to compression ................................ 113
10.3 Connections with mechanical fasteners .................................................................................. 113
10.4 Spot welds ........................................................................................................................................... 121
10.5 Lap welds ............................................................................................................................................ 123
11 Special considerations for members, liner trays and sheeting ....................................... 128
11.1 Beams restrained by sheeting, liner trays or sandwich panels ...................................... 128
11.2 Liner trays restrained by sheeting ............................................................................................ 142
11.3 Special considerations for sheeting .......................................................................................... 149
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11.4 Lateral and torsional restraints of members provided by sheeting, liner trays or
sandwich panels ............................................................................................................................... 160
11.5 Stressed skin design ....................................................................................................................... 170
12 Design assisted by testing ............................................................................................................. 176
Annex A (normative) Testing procedures ........................................................................................... 178
A.1 General ................................................................................................................................................ 178
A.2 Tests on materials ........................................................................................................................... 179
A.3 Tests on single beams and columns .......................................................................................... 179
A.4 Tests on structures and sub-assemblies ................................................................................. 181
A.5 Tests on profiled sheeting and liner trays .............................................................................. 184
A.6 Tests on torsionally restrained beams .................................................................................... 193
A.7 Tests on fastenings .......................................................................................................................... 195
A.8 Tests on components of storage equipment .......................................................................... 195
A.9 Evaluation of test results .............................................................................................................. 196
Annex B (informative) Durability of fasteners ................................................................................... 201
B.1 Use of this Informative Annex ..................................................................................................... 201
B.2 Scope and field of application ..................................................................................................... 201
Annex C (normative) Mixed effective width/effective thickness method for outstand
elements .............................................................................................................................................. 204
Bibliography .................................................................................................................................................... 206
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European foreword
This document (prEN 1993-1-3:2022) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 250
“Structural Codes”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. CEN/TC 250 is responsible for all Structural
Eurocodes and has been assigned responsibility for structural and geotechnical design matters by CEN.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.This document will supersede EN 1993-1-3:2006 and its corrigenda.
The first generation of EN Eurocodes was published between 2002 and 2007. This document forms part
of the second generation of the Eurocodes, which have been prepared under Mandate M/515 issued to
CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association.The Eurocodes have been drafted to be used in conjunction with relevant execution, material, product
and test standards, and to identify requirements for execution, materials, products and testing that are
relied upon by the Eurocodes.The Eurocodes recognize the responsibility of each Member State and have safeguarded their right to
determine values related to regulatory safety matters at national level through the use of National
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Introduction
0.1 Introduction to the Eurocodes
The Structural Eurocodes comprise the following standards generally consisting of a number of Parts:
— EN 1990, Eurocode: Basis of structural and geotechnical design— EN 1991, Eurocode 1: Actions on structures
— EN 1992, Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures
— EN 1993, Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures
— EN 1994, Eurocode 4: Design of composite steel and concrete structures
— EN 1995, Eurocode 5: Design of timber structures
— EN 1996, Eurocode 6: Design of masonry structures
— EN 1997, Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design
— EN 1998, Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance
— EN 1999, Eurocode 9: Design of aluminium structures
— New parts are under development, e.g. Eurocode for design of structural glass
The Eurocodes are intended for use by designers, clients, manufacturers, constructors, relevant
authorities (in exercising their duties in accordance with national or international regulations),
educators, soft-ware developers, and committees drafting standards for related product, testing and
execution standards.NOTE Some aspects of design are most appropriately specified by relevant authorities or, where not specified,
can be agreed on a project-specific basis between relevant parties such as designers and clients. The Eurocodes
identify such aspects making explicit reference to relevant authorities and relevant parties.
0.2 Introduction to EN 1993 (all parts)(1) EN 1993 (all parts) applies to the design of buildings and civil engineering works in steel. It complies
with the principles and requirements for the safety and serviceability of structures, the basis of their
design and verification that are given in EN 1990 — Basis of structural and geotechnical design.
(2) EN 1993 (all parts) is concerned only with requirements for resistance, serviceability, durability and
fire resistance of steel structures. Other requirements, e.g. concerning thermal or sound insulation, are
not covered.(3) EN 1993 is subdivided in various parts:
EN 1993-1, Design of Steel Structures — Part 1: General rules and rules for buildings;
EN 1993-2, Design of Steel Structures — Part 2: Steel bridges;EN 1993-3, Design of Steel Structures — Part 3: Towers, masts and chimneys;
EN 1993-4, Design of Steel Structures — Part 4: Silos and tanks;
EN 1993-5, Design of Steel Structures — Part 5: Piling;
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EN 1993-6, Design of Steel Structures — Part 6: Crane supporting structures;
EN 1993-7, Design of steel structures — Part 7: Design of sandwich panels.
(4) EN 1993-1 in itself does not exist as a physical document, but comprises the following 14 separate
parts, the basic part being EN 1993-1-1:EN 1993-1-1, Design of Steel Structures — Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings;
EN 1993-1-2, Design of Steel Structures — Part 1-2: Structural fire design;EN 1993-1-3, Design of Steel Structures — Part 1-3: Cold-formed members and sheeting;
NOTE Cold formed hollow sections supplied according to EN 10219 are covered in EN 1993-1-1.
EN 1993-1-4, Design of Steel Structures — Part 1-4: Stainless steels;EN 1993-1-5, Design of Steel Structures — Part 1-5: Plated structural elements;
EN 1993-1-6, Design of Steel Structures — Part 1-6: Strength and stability of shell structures;
EN 1993-1-7, Design of Steel Structures — Part 1-7: Strength and stability of planar plated structures
transversely loaded;EN 1993-1-8, Design of Steel Structures — Part 1-8: Design of joints;
EN 1993-1-9, Design of Steel Structures — Part 1-9: Fatigue strength of steel structures;
EN 1993-1-10, Design of Steel Structures — Part 1-10: Selection of steel for fracture toughness and through-
thickness properties;EN 1993-1-11, Design of Steel Structures — Part 1-11: Design of structures with tension components made
of steel;EN 1993-1-12, Design of Steel Structures — Part 1-12: Additional rules for steel grades up to S960;
EN 1993-1-13, Design of Steel Structures — Part 1-13: Beams with large web openings;
EN 1993-1-14, Design of Steel Structures — Part 1-14: Design assisted by finite element analysis.
(5) All subsequent parts EN 1993-1-2 to EN 1993-1-14 treat general topics that are independent from
the structural type like structural fire design, cold-formed members and sheeting, stainless steels, plated
structural elements, etc.(6) All subsequent parts numbered EN 1993-2 to EN 1993-7 treat topics relevant for a specific structural
type like steel bridges, towers, masts and chimneys, silos and tanks, piling, crane supporting structures,
etc. EN 1993-2 to EN 1993-7 refer to the generic rules in EN 1993-1 and supplement, modify or supersede
them.0.3 Introduction to prEN 1993-1-3
prEN 1993-1-3 gives supplementary design rules for cold-formed steel members and sheeting. The focus
in prEN 1993-1-3 is on design methods and design rules for individual cold-formed members (beams,
columns and beam-columns), sheeting and liner trays regarding resistance, stability and serviceability.
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0.4 Verbal forms used in the Eurocodes
The verb “shall” expresses a requirement strictly to be followed and from which no deviation is permitted
in order to comply with the Eurocodes.The verb “should” expresses a highly recommended choice or course of action. Subject to national
regulation and/or any relevant contractual provisions, alternative approaches could be used/adopted
where technically justified.The verb “may” expresses a course of action permissible within the limits of the Eurocodes.
The verb “can” expresses possibility and capability; it is used for statements of fact and clarification of
concepts.0.5 National Annex for prEN 1993-1-3
National choice is allowed in this standard where explicitly stated within notes. National choice includes
the selection of values for Nationally Determined Parameters (NDPs).The national standard implementing prEN 1993-1-3 can have a National Annex containing all national
choices to be used for the design of buildings and civil engineering works to be constructed in the relevant
country.When no national choice is given, the default choice given in this standard is to be used.
When no national choice is made and no default is given in this standard, the choice can be specified by a
relevant authority or, where not specified, agreed for a specific project by appropriate parties.
National choice is allowed in prEN 1993-1-3 through notes to the following clauses:
4(3) 4(4) 4 (5) 5.2.1(3)7.1(2) 7.2.1(6) 8.2.5(2) 10.3(3)
10.3(3) 10.3(3) 10.3(3) 12(1)
A.1(1) A.9.4(3)
National choice is allowed in prEN 1993-1-3 on the application of the following informative annexes:
Annex BThe National Annex can contain, directly or by reference, non-contradictory complementary information
for ease of implementation, provided it does not alter any provisions of the Eurocodes.
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1 Scope
1.1 Scope of prEN 1993-1-3
(1) This document provides rules for structural design of cold-formed steel members and sheeting.
(2) This document applies to cold-formed steel products made from coated or uncoated hot- or cold-
rolled sheet or strip, which have been cold-formed by processes such as roll-forming or press-braking. It
also covers sheeting and members which are curved during fabrication by continuous bending or roll-
forming. Sheeting which has the curvature created by crushing the inner flanges is not included. This
document is also applicable to the design of profiled steel sheeting for composite steel and concrete slabs
at the construction stage, see EN 1994. The execution of steel structures made of cold-formed steel
members and sheeting is covered in EN 1090-4. Provisions for bolted connections are provided in
EN 1090-2.NOTE The rules in prEN 1993-1-3 complement the rules in other parts of EN 1993-1.
(3) Methods are also given for stressed-skin design, using steel sheeting as a structural diaphragm.
(4) This document does not apply to cold-formed circular and rectangular structural hollow sections
supplied to EN 10219, for which reference is made to EN 1993-1-1 and EN 1993-1-8.
(5) This document provides methods for design by calculation and for design assisted by testing. The
methods for design by calculation apply only within the stated ranges of material properties and
geometric proportions, for which sufficient experience and test evidence is available. These limitations
do not apply to design assisted by testing.1.2 Assumptions
(1) Unless specifically stated, EN 1990, EN 1991 (all parts) and EN 1993-1-1 apply.
(2) The design methods given in prEN 1993-1-3 are applicable if:— the execution quality is as specified in EN 1090-4, the execution quality of bolted connections is as
specified in EN 1090-2, and— the construction materials and products are as specified in the relevant parts of EN 1993 (all parts),
or in the relevant material and product specifications.(2) EN 1993 is intended to be used in conjunction with:
— the parts of EN 1992 to EN 1999 where steel structures or steel components are referred to within
those documents;— EN, EAD and ETA standards for construction products relevant to steel structures.
2 Normative referencesThe following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE See the Bibliography for a list of other documents cited that are not normative references, including those
referenced as recommendations (i.e. through ‘should’ clauses) and permissions (i.e. through ‘may’ clauses).
EN 1090-2, Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures — Part 2: Technical requirements for
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EN 1090-4, Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures — Part 4: Technical requirements for
cold-formed structural steel elements and cold-formed structures for roof, ceiling, floor and wall
applicationsEN 1990, Eurocode — Basis of structural and geotechnical design
EN 1991 (all parts), Eurocode 1 — Actions on structures
3 Terms, definitions and symbols
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 1990 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1.1 Material
3.1.1.1
basic material
flat steel sheet material used for cold-forming sections and profiled sheeting
3.1.1.2
basic yield strength
tensile yield strength of the basic material
3.1.1.3
nominal thickness
target average thickness after cold-forming specified by the steel supplier, inclusive of zinc and other
metallic coating layers, but not including organic coatings3.1.1.4
steel core thickness
nominal thickness minus zinc and other metallic coating layers
3.1.1.5
coil
storage system where a continuous plate is wound onto a drum
3.1.1.6
cold-forming
procedure of metal-forming executed near room temperature without the addition of heat
3.1.1.7press-braking
method of cold-forming using a brake press, where a metal sheet is bent between a punch and die
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3.1.1.8
roll-forming
metal-forming process involving the continuous bending of a steel sheet into a cross-section by forcing it
through successive sets of rolls3.1.1.9
galvanizing
zinc coating for corrosion protection
3.1.1.10
harmonized product standard
European standard developed by a recognized European Standards Organization: CEN, CENELEC or ETSI,
in response to a request from the European Commission to one of these organizations
3.1.2 Cold-formed steel members, sheeting and sandwich panels3.1.2.1
member
structural element with cross-sectional dimensions much smaller than its length
3.1.2.2
sheeting
structural element with a depth much smaller than its width and length, typically used as cladding or
decking3.1.2.3
liner tray
profiled sheet with large lipped edge stiffeners, suitable for interlocking with adjacent liner trays to form
a plane of ribbed sheeting that is capable of supporting a parallel plane of profiled sheeting spanning
perpendicular to the span of the liner trays3.1.2.4
sandwich panel
cladding or roofing system consisting of a typically low-density core bonded to two outer skin layers
3.1.2.5bend
rounded transition zone between flat plate elements
3.1.2.6
unstiffened elements
internal or outstand compression elements without stiffeners
3.1.2.7
stiffened elements
compression elements with intermediate or edge stiffeners
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3.1.2.8
stiffener
within the context of EN 1993-1-3 the term ‘stiffener’ without further specification refers to a
longitudinal stiffener, i.e. a single fold or succession of folds in the cross-section aimed at increasing the
resistance against local buckling/distortional buckling3.1.2.9
edge stiffener
longitudinal stiffener obtained by folding over the edge of a plate element with the aim of increasing the
resistance against cross-sectional instability3.1.2.10
intermediate stiffener
longitudinal stiffener consisting of multiple bends within a plate element with the aim of increasing the
resistance against cross-sectional instability3.1.3 Stability modes
3.1.3.1
cross-sectional instability
instability where the cross-section as a whole does not undergo any translation or rotation; cross-
sectional instabilities are usually categorized into local buckling and distortional buckling modes
3.1.3.2local (plate) buckling
cross-sectional instability in which the constituent plates only undergo out-of-plane plate bending
deformations and the corners of the cross-section remain in their original positions, defined as plate
buckling according to EN 1993-1-53.1.3.3
distortional buckling
cross-sectional instability where some constituent plates undergo in-plane displacements in addition to
out-of-plane displacements resulting from plate bending; in the particular case of lipped C- or Z-sections,
distortional buckling may be interpreted as torsional-flexural buckling of the flange-lip assembly about
the web-flange junction3.1.3.4
global buckling
instability characterized by a translation and/or rotation of the cross-section with minimal change in its
shape (i.e. excluding cross-sectional instability); global buckling modes include flexural, torsional,
torsional-flexural and lateral-torsional modes.3.1.4 Cross-sectional analysis
3.1.4.1
design thickness
steel thickness used in design by calculation, according to 3.3.3(6) and 5.2.4
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3.1.4.2
developed length
length measured along the midline of plate element(s) or a cross-section, including the lengths of any
bends or stiffeners3.1.4.3
gross cross-section
full cross-section without any deductions to account for local/distortional buckling or the presence of
holes3.1.4.4
effective cross-section
idealized cross-section accounting for the modified stress distribution in the local/distortional post-
buckling range; the effective cross-section consists of p...
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