EN 13084-2:2001
(Main)Free-standing chimneys - Part 2: Concrete chimneys
Free-standing chimneys - Part 2: Concrete chimneys
This Part of this European Standard specifies particular requirements and performance criteria for the design and construction of cast-in-situ concrete chimneys as well as prefabricated concrete chimneys. It identifies requirements to ensure the mechanical resistance and stability of concrete chimneys in accordance with the general requirements given in EN 13084-1.
As for chimneys attached to buildings the criteria given in clause 1 of EN 13084-1:2000 apply.
Unless otherwise stated in the following clauses the basic standard for the design of concrete structures, ENV 1992-1-1, applies.
Freistehende Schornsteine - Teil 2: Betonschornsteine
Dieser Teil der Europäischen Norm behandelt die besonderen Anforderungen und Leistungskriterien für die Bemessung und Ausführung von Ortbeton-Schornsteinen und Fertigteil-Schornsteinen. Sie gibt Anforderungen an, die die mechanische Festigkeit und Standsicherheit von Betonschornsteinen nach den in EN 13084-1 angegebe-nen allgemeinen Anforderungen sicherstellen.
Für an Gebäuden abgestützte Schornsteine gelten die in Abschnitt 1 von EN 13084-1:2000 angegebenen Krite-rien.
Sofern es in den folgenden Abschnitten nicht anders angegeben ist, gilt die Grundnorm für die Bemessung von Betontragwerken ENV 1992-1-1.
Cheminées indépendantes - Partie 2: Cheminées en béton
La présente partie de la Norme européenne couvre les prescriptions et les critères de performance particuliers applicables à la conception et à la construction des cheminées en béton coulées sur place ainsi que des cheminées préfabriquées en béton. Elle définit les prescriptions permettant de s'assurer que la résistance mécanique et la stabilité des cheminées en béton sont conformes aux prescriptions générales de l'EN 13084-1.
De même que pour les cheminées fixées aux bâtiments, les critères donnés à l'article 1 de l'EN 13084-1:2000 s'appliquent.
Sauf indications contraires figurant dans les articles suivants, la prénorme de base, ENV 1992-1-1, relative à la conception des structures en béton s'applique.
Prostostoječi dimniki - 2. del: Betonski dimniki
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Freistehende Schornsteine - Teil 2: BetonschornsteineCheminées indépendantes - Partie 2: Cheminées en bétonFree-standing chimneys - Part 2: Concrete chimneys91.100.30Beton in betonski izdelkiConcrete and concrete products91.060.40Dimniki, jaški, kanaliChimneys, shafts, ductsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 13084-2:2001SIST EN 13084-2:2004en01-april-2004SIST EN 13084-2:2004SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
SIST EN 13084-2:2004
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 13084-2December 2001ICS 91.060.40English versionFree-standing chimneys - Part 2: Concrete chimneysCheminées indépendantes - Partie 2: Cheminées en bétonFreistehende Schornsteine - Teil 2: BetonschornsteineThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 29 September 2001.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2001 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 13084-2:2001 ESIST EN 13084-2:2004
EN 13084-2:2001 (E)2Contentspage1Scope.52Normative references.53Terms and definitions.54Materials.64.1Concrete.64.1.1Concrete for cast-in-situ chimneys.64.1.2Concrete for prefabricated chimneys.64.2Mortar for bedding of prefabricated elements.64.3Reinforcing steel.65Material properties.66Structural design.86.1General.86.2Ultimate limit state.86.2.1Partial safety factors.86.2.2Ultimate limit steel strain.86.2.3Moments of 2nd order.86.2.4Openings.116.2.5Shear stresses in horizontal joints of prefabricated chimneys.136.2.6Connections of the continuous vertical reinforcement.136.3Serviceability limit state.136.3.1Partial safety factors.136.3.2Cracking.136.3.3Deflection of the chimney.147Detailing provisions.147.1Cast-in-situ chimneys.147.1.1Minimum vertical reinforcement.147.1.2Minimum horizontal reinforcement.147.1.3Minimum reinforcement around openings.147.1.4Distance between bars.157.1.5Minimum concrete cover.157.1.6Minimum wall thickness.157.1.7Splices.157.2Prefabricated concrete chimneys.157.2.1Minimum reinforcement for transportation of prefabricated elements.157.2.2Minimum horizontal reinforcement.167.2.3Minimum concrete cover.167.2.4Minimum wall thickness.167.2.5Vertical continuous bundles of bars.167.2.6Openings.168Workmanship.178.1General.178.2Bedding joints.178.3Reinforcement ducts.179Quality control.189.1Cast-in-situ chimneys.189.2Prefabricated chimneys.18Annex A (normative)
Analysis of stresses due to thermal and other actions.19SIST EN 13084-2:2004
EN 13084-2:2001 (E)3A.1Moment-curvature-relation.19A.2Calculation procedure.21Annex B (normative)
Limitations of crack widths.23SIST EN 13084-2:2004
EN 13084-2:2001 (E)4ForewordThis European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 297 "Free-standing industrialchimneys", the secretariat of which is held by DIN.This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text orby endorsement, at the latest by June 2002, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest byNovember 2003.In this standard the annexes A and B are normative.This European Standard is one of a series of standards as listed below:EN 13084-1, Free-standing chimneys - Part 1: General requirements.EN 13084-2, Free-standing chimneys - Part 2: Concrete chimneys.prEN 13084-4, Free-standing chimneys - Part 4: Brick liners – Design and execution.prEN 13084-5, Free-standing industrial chimneys - Part 5: Materials for brick liners - Product specifications.prEN 13084-6, Free-standing industrial chimneys - Part 6: Steel liners - Design and execution.SIST EN 13084-2:2004
EN 13084-2:2001 (E)51 ScopeThis Part of this European Standard specifies particular requirements and performance criteria for the design andconstruction of cast-in-situ concrete chimneys as well as prefabricated concrete chimneys. It identifiesrequirements to ensure the mechanical resistance and stability of concrete chimneys in accordance with thegeneral requirements given in EN 13084-1.As for chimneys attached to buildings the criteria given in clause 1 of EN 13084-1:2000 apply.Unless otherwise stated in the following clauses the basic standard for the design of concrete structures,ENV 1992-1-1, applies.2 Normative referencesThis European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. Thesenormative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text, and the publications are listed hereafter. Fordated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this EuropeanStandard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of thepublication referred to applies (including amendments).EN 206-1:2000, Concrete – Part 1: Specification, performance, production and conformity.EN 13084-1:2000, Free-standing chimneys - Part 1: General requirements.ENV 1992-1-1, Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures - Part 1: General rules and rules for buildings.ENV 1992-1-2, Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures – Part 1-2: General rules, Structural fire design.ENV 1992-1-4:1994, Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures - Part 1-4: General rules - Lightweight aggregateconcrete with closed structure.prEN 1520, Prefabricated reinforced components of light weight aggregate concrete with open structure.prEN 12446, Chimneys - Components - Concrete outer wall elements.3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this European Standard, the terms and definitions given in EN 13084-1 and the following apply.3.1prefabricated elementprecast member of normal-weight or light-weight concrete, reinforced or not, which completely encloses the flues ofchimney stacks3.2reinforcement ductsroute for the continuous vertical reinforcementSIST EN 13084-2:2004
EN 13084-2:2001 (E)64 Materials4.1 Concrete4.1.1 Concrete for cast-in-situ chimneysThe concrete strength classes as given in ENV 1992-1-1 but not less than C25/30 can be used for cast-in-situchimneys. For environmental conditions EN 206-1 applies.4.1.2 Concrete for prefabricated chimneys4.1.2.1 Normal-weight concreteFor prefabricated chimneys all concrete qualities given in EN 206-1 may be used. For environnemental conditionsEN 206-1 applies.4.1.2.2 Light-weight concreteThe light-weight concrete for prefabricated elements shall correspond to the density-class D 1,2 or higher inaccordance with Table 9 of EN 206-1:2000.The light-weight concrete for prefabricated elements shall correspond to the strength classes given in EN 206-1 orto a strength class of at least LAC 6 given in prEN 1520.4.1.2.3 Reinforcement duct infill concreteThe reinforcement duct infill concrete shall have at least the same strength class as the prefabricated elements, butnot more than the next higher strength class. The flow class for consistence shall not be less than F3 in accordancewith Table 6 of EN 206-1:2000 and the maximum size of aggregate shall not be greater than 8 mm.4.1.2.4 Outer wall elementsPrefabricated outer wall elements shall be in accordance with prEN 12446.4.2 Mortar for bedding of prefabricated elementsThe mortar of bedding joints between prefabricated elements shall have the same strength class as the concrete ofthe prefabricated elements.4.3 Reinforcing steelFor reinforcing steel the specifications given in ENV 1992-1-1 apply.5 Material propertiesThe material properties of concrete and reinforcing steel for normal temperature design shall be taken fromENV 1992-1-1 or ENV 1992-1-4:1994 with the exception of the mean tensile strength of concrete, fctm, which shall becalculated in accordance with equation (1). The influence of elevated temperatures on the mechanical and thermalproperties of concrete and reinforcing steel shall be determined from ENV 1992-1-2.fctm = cc
c
cv
c
fcm 0,67
, in N/mm2(1)SIST EN 13084-2:2004
EN 13084-2:2001 (E)7whereccis the concrete density factor;cc = 0,4 + 0,62200(1a)c is the concrete strength factor;c = 0,45(1b)cvis the predamage factor;cv = 0,85 - 0,2 t(1c)cis the eccentricity factor;
6 + 1,0
6 + 0,6 = tcc(1d)ctis the wall thickness factor;ttct400,1246,2(1e)fcmis the mean compressive strength of concrete;fcm
=
fck + 8
in Newtons per square millimetres(1f)fckis the characteristic compressive strength (cylinders) of concrete in Newtons per square millimetres; is the density of concrete;for normal-weight concrete: = 2200 kg/m3for light-weight concrete:
is the design value of the density of concrete corresponding to the density class in accordance with Table 3.105of ENV 1992-1-4:1994;is the eccentricity; = MN
tMis the design value of the bending moment in the cross-section concerned in Newton metres;Nis the design value of the axial force in the cross-section concerned in Newtons;tis the wall thickness of the cross-section concerned in metres;SIST EN 13084-2:2004
EN 13084-2:2001 (E)86 Structural design6.1 GeneralFor the structural design of concrete chimneys clause 5 of EN 13084-1:2000 has to be taken into account.The windshield can be treated in accordance with the beam theory being subject to axial forces , bending momentsand
thermal effects.If effects on the stability are expected, the influences from creep, shrinkage and cracking shall be taken intoaccount.6.2 Ultimate limit state6.2.1 Partial safety factorsThe partial safety factors for actions are:a) permanent actions unfavourable effectG
= 1,35 favourable effectG
= 1,0b) wind actionsW
= 1,5c) thermal effectsF
= 1,5d) seismic actionsE
= 1,0The partial safety factors for materials are:e) concreteC
= 1,5f) steel reinforcementS
= 1,156.2.2 Ultimate limit steel strainThe ultimate limit strain of steel is defined by ENV 1992-1-1.6.2.3 Moments of 2nd order6.2.3.1 GeneralFor the determination of moments of 2nd order the mean values of the material properties may be used. In theconcrete compression zone, the following linear material law has to be used: E = cm(3)whereis the stress;Ecmis the modulus of elasticity of concrete;is the strain.SIST EN 13084-2:2004
EN 13084-2:2001 (E)9The stiffening effect of the concrete in the tension zone may be taken into account in chimneys with continuousvertical reinforcement.6.2.3.2 Approximate methodThe approximation is based on the following assumptions: full utilization of the cross-sections with respect to the local load carrying capacity; consideration of the tension stiffening effects of the concrete; chimney height less than 300 m; no consideration of deflection effects due to imperfections and rotation of the foundation; constant diameter and wall thickness or nearly linear reduction of one or both of them over the chimney height;The design value of the 2nd order moment may be calculated as follows: for windshields with continuous vertical reinforcement:MzMzMhzhzhIIII2,4 =
+ (0)
(85 - 0,14
)
100
1 + 2,4
1 - ()()2(4) for windshields without continuous vertical reinforcement with the value of
according to equation (6) notexceeding 0,6:MzMzII() = (1 +
)
()2(5)whereMII (z)is the design value of the 2nd order bending moment at height zMI (0)is the design value of the 1st order bending moment at the chimney baseMI (z)is the design value of the 1st order bending moment at height zzis the height at the considered cross-section above the top level of
the foundationhis the height of chimney above the top level of the foundation =
cm hNEI(6) = 0,5 if the horizontal joints do not open deeper than the centre of gravity = 0,75 if the horizontal joints open deeper than the centre of gravityNis the design value of the
axial force at the chimney baseEcmis the modulus of elasticity of concretelis the 2nd moment of area at the chimney base of the uncracked cross-section ignoring reinforcement83tdIm(6a)SIST EN 13084-2:2004
EN 13084-2:2001 (E)10dmis the mean windshield diameter at the chimney basetis the wall thickness at the chimney base6.2.3.3 Rotation of foundationRotation of the foundation causes moments of 2nd order in the windshield.For the determination of the angle of rotation , equations (7) or (8) apply: for a circular raft foundation if there is no uplift
= MII
0,54
(1 - 2) / (Esoil
R3)(7) for a foundation on end bearing pilesppp IIkxM2(8)whereMIIis the design value of the 2nd order bending moment acting on the foundation referred to underside of thefoundationRis the radius of the circular raft foundationEsoilis the modulus of elasticity of the soilis the Poisson's ratio;
= 0,5p is the factor for pile interference in a grid s / d
6 + 11 = ppp(8a)xpis the distance of a pile to the axis of rotationkpis the spring constant of an end bearing piledpis the pile diameterspis the minimum spacing between the piles6.2.3.4 Superposition of effects from
thermal and other actionsThe superposition of thermal stresses and stresses from other actions is pa
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