EN ISO 15536-1:2005
(Main)Ergonomics - Computer manikins and body templates - Part 1: General requirements (ISO 15536-1:2005)
Ergonomics - Computer manikins and body templates - Part 1: General requirements (ISO 15536-1:2005)
This European Standard establishes the general requirements for the design and development of computer manikins, body templates and manikin systems. These requirements concern their anthropometric and biomechanical properties, taking into account their usability features and restrictions for structural complexity and functional versatility. The requirements are also intended as a guide for the selection of manikins and manikin systems and for the evaluation of their accuracy and usability for the specified use. In particular, the European Standard specifies the requirements for the documentation of the characteristics of the manikin and manikin system and their intended use, and for guidance to their users.
This European Standard provides means for ensuring that computer manikins and body templates for the design of work space are appropriately accurate and reliable in their anthropometric and biomechanical aspects. This European Standard also aims to ensure that the users of manikins are able to choose an appropriate manikin system for their design tasks and use it in an appropriate way.
This European Standard sets requirements only on the static accuracy of the manikin, but provides recommendations on the other factors which can influence the accuracy of the analyses and determinations performed with their help.
NOTE It is recommended that the result of the investigation of this European Standard be verified by practical tests with test persons.
Basic concepts and general ergonomic principles for the design of machinery are dealt with in EN 292-1,
EN 292-2 and EN 614-1.
Ergonomie - Computer-Manikins und Körperumrissschablonen - Teil 1: Allgemeine Anforderungen (ISO 15536-1:2005)
Diese Internationale Norm legt die allgemeinen Anforderungen an die Gestaltung und Entwicklung von Computer-Manikins, Körperumriss-Schablonen und Manikinsystemen fest. Diese Anforderungen betreffen deren anthropometrische und biomechanische Eigenschaften unter Berücksichtigung ihrer Brauchbarkeitsmerkmale und der Einschränkungen hinsichtlich der Komplexität der Struktur und der vielseitigen funktionellen Verwendbarkeit. Die Anforderungen sind auch als Leitfaden für die Auswahl von Manikins und Manikinystemen und für die Bewertung ihrer Genauigkeit und Brauchbarkeit für die festgelegte Anwendung vorgesehen. Im Besonderen legt diese Internationale Norm die Anforderungen an die Dokumentation der Merkmale des Manikins und des Manikinsystems und deren vorgesehene Anwendung fest wie auch an die Anleitungen für die Anwender.
Diese Internationale Norm stellt Maßnahmen zur Verfügung, die sicherstellen, dass Computer-Manikins und Körperumriss-Schablonen für die Gestaltung des Arbeitsraumes in ihren anthropometrischen und biomechanischen Gesichtspunkten von geeigneter Genauigkeit und Zuverlässigkeit sind. Ziel dieser Internationalen Norm ist auch, sicherzustellen, dass die Anwender von Manikins in der Lage sind, für ihre Gestaltungsaufgaben ein geeignetes Manikinsystem zu wählen und es auf sachgerechte Weise zu nutzen.
Ergonomie - Mannequins informatisés et gabarits humains - Partie 1: Exigences générales (ISO 15536-1:2005)
La présente Norme internationale établit les exigences générales relatives à la conception et au développement de mannequins informatisés, de gabarits humains et de systèmes de mannequin. Ces exigences concernent leurs propriétés anthropométriques et biomécaniques, en tenant compte de leurs caractéristiques d'utilisabilité et de leurs restrictions en termes de complexité structurelle et de souplesse fonctionnelle. Les exigences sont également destinées à servir de guide de choix de mannequins et de systèmes de mannequin ainsi qu'à l'évaluation de leur exactitude et utilisabilité pour l'usage spécifié. La présente Norme internationale spécifie notamment les exigences relatives à la documentation des caractéristiques des mannequins et systèmes de mannequin et à leur utilisation, ainsi qu'aux principes directeurs destinés aux utilisateurs.
La présente Norme internationale fournit des moyens de garantir que les mannequins informatisés et les gabarits humains destinés à la conception des espaces de travail sont précis et fiables quant à leurs aspects anthropométriques et biomécaniques. La présente Norme Internationale vise également à garantir que les utilisateurs sont à même de choisir un système de mannequin approprié à leurs tâches de conception et de l'utiliser de façon adéquate.
Ergonomija – Računalniški modeli človeškega telesa in šablone telesa – 1. del: Splošne zahteve (ISO 15536-1:2005)
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-julij-2005
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Ergonomics - Computer manikins and body templates - Part 1: General requirements
(ISO 15536-1:2005)
Ergonomie - Computer-Manikins und Körperumrissschablonen - Teil 1: Allgemeine
Anforderungen (ISO 15536-1:2005)
Ergonomie - Mannequins informatisés et gabarits humains - Partie 1: Exigences
générales (ISO 15536-1:2005)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 15536-1:2005
ICS:
13.180 Ergonomija Ergonomics
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 15536-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
May 2005
ICS 13.180
English version
Ergonomics - Computer manikins and body templates - Part 1:
General requirements (ISO 15536-1:2005)
Ergonomie - Mannequins informatisés et gabarits humains Ergonomie - Computer-Manikins und
- Partie 1: Exigences générales (ISO 15536-1:2005) Körperumrissschablonen - Teil 1: Allgemeine
Anforderungen (ISO 15536-1:2005)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 29 April 2005.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2005 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 15536-1:2005: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Foreword
This document (EN ISO 15536-1:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 122
“Ergonomics”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN, in collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC 159
“Ergonomics”.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2005, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by November 2005.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland
and United Kingdom.
Annex ZA
(Informative)
Clauses of this European Standard addressing essential requirements
or other provisions of EU Directives
This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission
and the European Free Trade Association to provide a means of conforming to Essential Requirements of
the New Approach Directive 98/37/EEC, amended by Directive 98/79/EC.
Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Communities under that Directive and has
been implemented as a national standard in at least one Member State, compliance with the Clauses 4, 5
and 6 of this standard confers, within the limits of the scope of this standard, a presumption of conformity
with the relevant Essential Requirements of that Directive and associated EFTA regulations.
WARNING: Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the products falling within the
scope of this standard.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 15536-1
First edition
2005-05-01
Ergonomics — Computer manikins
and body templates —
Part 1:
General requirements
Ergonomie — Mannequins informatisés et gabarits humains —
Partie 1: Exigences générales
Reference number
ISO 15536-1:2005(E)
©
ISO 2005
ISO 15536-1:2005(E)
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ii © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved
ISO 15536-1:2005(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope. 1
2 Normative references. 1
3 Terms and definitions. 1
4 Accuracy. 2
5 Usability. 3
6 Documentation. 4
Annex A (informative) Factors affecting the anthropometric accuracy of manikins and of the
analyses and determinations performed using them . 7
Bibliography . 12
ISO 15536-1:2005(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 15536-1 was prepared by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee
CEN/TC 122, Ergonomics, in collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC 159, Ergonomics,
Subcommittee SC 3, Anthropometry and biomechanics, in accordance with the Agreement on technical
cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
ISO 15536 consists of the following parts, under the general title Ergonomics — Computer manikins and body
templates:
— Part 1: General requirements
The following parts are under preparation:
— Part 2: Structures and dimensions
iv © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved
ISO 15536-1:2005(E)
Introduction
The structure of safety standards in the field of machinery is as follows.
a) Type-A standards (basis standards) give basic concepts, principle for design, and general aspects that
can be applied to machinery.
b) Type-B standards (generic safety standards) dealing with one or more safety aspect(s) or one or more
type(s) of safeguards that can be used across a wide range of machinery:
type-B1 standards on particular safety aspects (e.g. safety distances, surface temperature, noise);
type-B2 standards on safeguards (e.g. two-hand controls, interlocking devices, pressure-sensitive
devices, guards).
c) Type-C standards (machinery safety standards) dealing with detailed safety requirements for a particular
machine or group of machines.
This part of ISO 15536 is a type-B standard as stated in ISO 12100-1.
When provisions of a type-C standard are different from those which are stated in type-A or type-B standards,
the provisions of the type-C standard take precedence over the provisions of the other standards for machines
that have been designed and built according to the provisions of the type-C standard.
This part of ISO 15536 concerns requirements which are, to a great extent, independent both of the state of
the art in the currently rapidly developing field of computer manikins and body templates, and of the
availability of up-to-date, detailed and representative anthropometric data.
The physical characteristics of the human body are one of the starting points in the design of spaces, furniture,
machines and other equipment. Computer technology is advancing rapidly and allows the construction of
computer manikins to model the human body and to simulate human activities. Anthropometrically accurate
manikins or body templates can be used, for example, to visualize the geometric relationship between the
human body and the physical environment. Various functions of evaluation can also be integrated into the
manikin and manikin system, for example, indication of reach zones, visualization of viewing fields,
biomechanical calculation of required strength, and simulation of movements.
Computer manikins are intended to reduce the need for real test persons and the evaluation of physical
models and prototypes. However, real persons provide not only their true physical dimensions but also their
differing functional and perceptual capabilities as well as their assessment of the ease of performance,
comfort and other properties of the design (see ISO 15537).
The computer manikin permits quick, easy and early identification of possible dimensional shortcomings.
Critical dimensions restricting operations, such as fitting into a confined space or reaching objects can be
quickly assessed in relation to extreme body measurements. The dimensioning would otherwise require tests
with a large number of test persons.
In the use of manikins, several ergonomic aspects (e.g. anthropometric, postural, visual, strength-related,
dynamic) are addressed in one and the same test situation. As a universal design tool, the manikin is
particularly useful for entirely novel designs, when no recommendations on the dimensions exist and no
reference situations for full-scale evaluation are available. In the design process, the use of computer
modelling with a manikin facilitates information exchange and collaboration between different specialists and
users.
ISO 15536-1:2005(E)
When used appropriately, computer manikins accelerate the entire design process and reduce the costs of
designing. The ergonomic design process is presented as a whole in EN 614-1.
The use of computer manikins does not ensure appropriate design solutions automatically, and they can even
be misused. The designer may use them inappropriately, for example, by permitting awkward postures, or by
providing too little space for movements. It is possible that he or she is not aware of the inherent limitations of
computer manikins, either in anthropometric, postural or biomechanical respects. As the complexity of the
manikin systems increases, the links to the data on these human characteristics can also become difficult or
impossible to trace.
The manikins and manikin systems available so far vary with
...
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