EN ISO 14852:2021

Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials in an aqueous medium - Method by analysis of evolved carbon dioxide (ISO 14852:2021)

This document specifies a method, by measuring the amount of carbon dioxide evolved, for the determination of the degree of aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials, including those containing formulation additives. The test material is exposed in a synthetic medium under standardized laboratory conditions to an inoculum from activated sludge under aerobic conditions.
The conditions used in this document do not necessarily correspond to the optimum conditions allowing maximum biodegradation to occur, but this test method is designed to measure the biodegradation of plastic materials and give an indication of their potential biodegradability.
The method enables the assessment of the biodegradation to be improved by calculating a carbon balance (optional, see Annex C).
The method applies to the following materials:
—    natural and/or synthetic polymers, copolymers or mixtures thereof;
—    plastic materials which contain additives such as plasticizers, colorants or other compounds;
—    water-soluble polymers;
—    materials which, under the test conditions, do not inhibit the microorganisms present in the inoculum. Inhibitory effects can be determined using an inhibition control or by another appropriate method (see, for example, ISO 8192[1]). If the test material is inhibitory to the inoculum, a lower test concentration, another inoculum or a pre-exposed inoculum can be used.

Bestimmung der vollständigen aeroben Bioabbaubarkeit von Kunststoff-Materialien in einem wässrigen Medium - Verfahren mittels Analyse des freigesetzten Kohlenstoffdioxides (ISO 14852:2021)

Dieses Dokument legt ein Verfahren fest, mit dem durch Messung der gebildeten Menge an Kohlenstoffdioxid der Grad der aeroben Bioabbaubarkeit von Kunststoffen, einschließlich solcher Kunststoffe, die Formulierungs-Additive enthalten, bestimmt werden kann. Die Prüfsubstanz wird in einem synthetischen Medium unter standardisierten Laborbedingungen einem Inokulum aus Belebtschlamm unter aeroben Bedingungen ausgesetzt.
Die in diesem Dokument angewendeten Bedingungen entsprechen nicht notwendigerweise den optimalen Bedingungen, die das Auftreten eines maximalen Bioabbaus zulassen; aber dieses Prüfverfahren ist für die Messung der Bioabbaubarkeit von Kunststoffen und dafür vorgesehen, Erkenntnisse hinsichtlich deren potentieller Bioabbaubarkeit zu liefern.
Das Verfahren lässt durch die Berechnung einer Kohlenstoffbilanz (wahlweise, siehe Anhang C) die Verbesserung der Beurteilung der Bioabbaubarkeit zu.
Das Verfahren ist auf folgende Substanzen anwendbar:
- natürliche und/oder synthetische Polymere, Copolymere oder Gemische aus diesen;
- Kunststoffe, die Additive wie z. B. Weichmacher, Farbstoffe oder andere Verbindungen enthalten;
- wasserlösliche Polymere;
- Substanzen, die unter Prüfbedingungen die im Inokulum vorhandenen Mikroorganismen nicht inhibieren. Inhibierungswirkungen lassen sich durch eine Inhibitionskontrolle oder ein anderes geeignetes Verfahren bestimmen (siehe z. B. ISO 8192 [1]). Wirkt die Prüfsubstanz inhibierend auf das Inokulum, kann eine geringere Prüfkonzentration, ein anderes oder ein voradaptiertes Inokulum verwendet werden.
WARNUNG - Abwasser und Belebtschlamm können Organismen enthalten, die potentiell pathogen sind. Daher sollten bei deren Handhabung die entsprechenden Vorsichtsmaßnahmen getroffen werden. Toxische Prüfverbindungen und Verbindungen, deren Eigenschaften nicht bekannt sind, sollten mit Vorsicht gehandhabt werden.

Évaluation de la biodégradabilité aérobie ultime des matériaux plastiques en milieu aqueux - Méthode par analyse du dioxyde de carbone libéré (ISO 14852:2021)

Le présent document spécifie une méthode d'évaluation du taux de biodégradabilité aérobie des matériaux plastiques, y compris ceux contenant des additifs, par la détermination de la quantité de dioxyde de carbone libéré. Le matériau d'essai en milieu synthétique est exposé dans des conditions de laboratoire normalisées à un inoculum provenant de boues activées dans des conditions aérobies.
Les conditions utilisées dans le présent document ne correspondent pas nécessairement aux conditions optimales permettant d'obtenir le taux maximal de biodégradation; cependant, cette méthode d’essai est conçue pour mesurer la biodégradation des matériaux plastiques et pour donner une indication de leur biodégradabilité potentielle.
La méthode permet d'affiner l'évaluation de la biodégradation par le calcul d'un bilan carbone (facultatif, voir l’Annexe C).
La présente méthode s'applique aux matériaux suivants:
—    polymères naturels et/ou synthétiques, copolymères ou mélanges de ceux-ci;
—    matériaux plastiques contenant des additifs tels que plastifiants, colorants ou tout autre composé;
—    polymères hydrosolubles;
—    matériaux n'ayant pas d'effet inhibiteur dans les conditions d'essai sur les micro-organismes présents dans l'inoculum. Les effets inhibiteurs peuvent être déterminés en utilisant un dispositif de contrôle de l'inhibition ou par toute autre méthode appropriée (voir, par exemple, l'ISO 8192[1]). Si le matériau d'essai a un effet inhibiteur vis-à-vis de l'inoculum, il est possible d'utiliser une plus faible concentration, un autre inoculum ou un inoculum pré-exposé.

Določanje končne aerobne biorazgradljivosti polimernih materialov v vodnem mediju - Metoda z analizo sproščenega ogljikovega dioksida (ISO 14852:2021)

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 06-Jul-2021
• Withdrawal Date: 30-Jan-2022
• ICS: 83.080.01 - Plastics in general
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 249 - Plastics
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 249 - Plastics
• Current Stage: 6060 - Definitive text made available (DAV) - Publishing
• Start Date: 07-Jul-2021
• Completion Date: 07-Jul-2021
• Ref Project: SIST EN ISO 14852:2021 - Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials in an aqueous medium - Method by analysis of evolved carbon dioxide (ISO 14852:2021)

Relations

• Replaces: EN ISO 14852:2018 - Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials in an aqueous medium - Method by analysis of evolved carbon dioxide (ISO 14852:2018)
• Effective Date: 15-Jan-2020

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-september-2021
Nadomešča:
SIST EN ISO 14852:2018
Določanje končne aerobne biorazgradljivosti polimernih materialov v vodnem
mediju - Metoda z analizo sproščenega ogljikovega dioksida (ISO 14852:2021)
Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials in an aqueous
medium - Method by analysis of evolved carbon dioxide (ISO 14852:2021)
Bestimmung der vollständigen aeroben Bioabbaubarkeit von Kunststoff-Materialien in
einem wässrigen Medium - Verfahren mittels Analyse des freigesetzten
Kohlenstoffdioxides (ISO 14852:2021)
Évaluation de la biodégradabilité aérobie ultime des matériaux plastiques en milieu
aqueux - Méthode par analyse du dioxyde de carbone libéré (ISO 14852:2021)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 14852:2021
ICS:
83.080.01 Polimerni materiali na Plastics in general
splošno
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN ISO 14852
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
July 2021
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 83.080.01 Supersedes EN ISO 14852:2018
English Version
Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of
plastic materials in an aqueous medium - Method by
analysis of evolved carbon dioxide (ISO 14852:2021)
Évaluation de la biodégradabilité aérobie ultime des Bestimmung der vollständigen aeroben
matériaux plastiques en milieu aqueux - Méthode par Bioabbaubarkeit von Kunststoff-Materialien in einem
analyse du dioxyde de carbone libéré (ISO wässrigen Medium - Verfahren mittels Analyse des
14852:2021) freigesetzten Kohlenstoffdioxides (ISO 14852:2021)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 19 June 2021.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2021 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 14852:2021 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3

European foreword
This document (EN ISO 14852:2021) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61 "Plastics"
in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 249 “Plastics” the secretariat of which is held by
NBN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2022, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by January 2022.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 14852:2018.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards
body/national committee. A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN websites.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 14852:2021 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 14852:2021 without any modification.

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 14852
Third edition
2021-06
Determination of the ultimate aerobic
biodegradability of plastic materials
in an aqueous medium — Method by
analysis of evolved carbon dioxide
Évaluation de la biodégradabilité aérobie ultime des matériaux
plastiques en milieu aqueux — Méthode par analyse du dioxyde de
carbone libéré
Reference number
ISO 14852:2021(E)
©
ISO 2021
ISO 14852:2021(E)
© ISO 2021
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved

ISO 14852:2021(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 3
5 Test environment . 4
6 Reagents . 4
7 Apparatus . 6
8 Procedure. 7
8.1 Test material . 7
8.2 Reference material . 7
8.3 Preparation of the inoculum . 7
8.3.1 General. 7
8.3.2 Inoculum from wastewater-treatment plants . 8
8.4 Test . 8
9 Calculation and expression of results .10
9.1 Calculation .10
9.1.1 Theoretical amount of carbon dioxide evolved by the test material.10
9.1.2 Percentage biodegradation from CO evolution .10
9.2 Expression and interpretation of results .10
10 Validity of results .11
11 Test report .11
Annex A (informative) Principle of a system for measuring evolved carbon dioxide (example) .13
Annex B (informative) Examples of methods for the determination of evolved carbon dioxide .14
Annex C (informative) Example of the determination of a carbon balance .16
Annex D (informative) Example of a determination of the amount of water insoluble
polymer remaining at the end of a biodegradation test and the molecular mass of
the polymer .18
Bibliography .19
ISO 14852:2021(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document can be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC 14,
Environmental aspects, in collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN)
Technical Committee CEN/TC 249, Plastics, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation
between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 14852:2018), which has been technically
revised. The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— in the Scope and Clause 8, soil and compost have been excluded for the inoculums used in this
document
...