FprEN 474-1

Earth-moving machinery - Safety - Part 1: General requirements

This document specifies the general safety requirements for earth-moving machinery, hereinafter also referred to as machines, described in EN ISO 6165:2012, except horizontal directional drill.
NOTE 1   Horizontal directional drills are covered by EN 16228 1 and EN 16228 3.
This document gives the common safety requirements for earth-moving machinery families (see EN ISO 6165:2012, 3.4) and is intended to be used in conjunction with relevant parts of FprEN 474-2 to FprEN 474-13. These machine specific parts (FprEN 474 2 to FprEN 474-13) do not repeat the requirements from FprEN 474 1:2021 but supplement or modify the requirements for the family in question.
NOTE 2   The requirements specified in this part of the standard are common to two or more families of earth- moving machinery.
This document does not provide requirements for main electrical circuits and drives of machinery when the primary source of energy is an external electrical supply.
This document does not provide performance requirements for safety related functions of control system(s).
This document does not deal with towing of trailers.
This document does not deal with demolition machinery.
This document deals with significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to earth-moving machinery, when used as intended and under conditions foreseen but also taking into account any reasonably foreseeable misuse thereof (see Annex A).
The following significant and relevant hazards are not covered in this document:
-   Laser;
-   Lightning.
This document specifies the appropriate technical measures to reduce risks arising from the significant hazards, hazardous situations and events during the whole foreseeable lifecycle of the machinery as described in EN ISO 12100:2010, 5.4.
This document is not applicable to earth-moving machinery which are manufactured before the date of publication of this document by CEN.
NOTE 3   For travelling on public roads, national traffic regulations apply (e.g. braking, steering, lighting, towing, etc.) until harmonized requirements are available.

Erdbaumaschinen - Sicherheit - Teil 1: Allgemeine Anforderungen

Diese Europäische Norm legt allgemeine sicherheitstechnische Anforderungen für Erdbaumaschinen – im Folgenden auch als Maschinen bezeichnet – fest, die in EN ISO 6165:2012 beschrieben sind; ausgenommen hiervon sind Geräte für das gerichtete Horizontalbohrverfahren (HDD, en: horizontal direction drill).
ANMERKUNG 1 Geräte für das gerichtete Horizontalbohrverfahren werden in der Reihe EN 16228 behandelt.
Diese Europäische Norm beschreibt gemeinsame Sicherheitsanforderungen für Erdbaumaschinen (siehe EN ISO 6165:2012, 3.4) und ist dazu vorgesehen, zusammen mit maßgeblichen Teilen von prEN 474, Teil 2 bis Teil 13, angewendet zu werden. Diese maschinenspezifischen Teile (prEN 474-2 bis 13) wiederholen nicht die Anforderungen der prEN 474-1:2017, sondern ergänzen bzw. ersetzen Anforderungen für die jeweilige Maschinenart.
ANMERKUNG 2 Die Anforderungen, die in diesem Teil der Normenreihe beschrieben sind, treffen auf zwei oder mehr Arten von Erdbaumaschinen zu.
Dieser Teil enthält spezifische Anforderungen für Abrissmaschinen.
Die spezifischen Anforderungen von prEN 474, Teil 2 bis Teil 13, haben Vorrang vor den entsprechenden Anforderungen in der prEN 474-1:2017.

Engins de terrassement - Sécurité - Partie 1 : Prescriptions générales

Le présent document spécifie les prescriptions générales de sécurité des engins de terrassement, par la suite appelés « engins » et décrits dans l'EN ISO 6165:2012, à l'exception des appareils de forage dirigés.
NOTE 1   Les appareils de forage dirigés sont couverts par l'EN 16228-1 et l'EN 16228-3.
Le présent document spécifie les prescriptions de sécurité communes aux familles d'engins de terrassement (voir l'EN ISO 6165:2012, 3.4) et doit être utilisé conjointement avec les parties pertinentes de FprEN 474-2 à FprEN 474-13. Ces parties (FprEN 474-2 à FprEN 474−13) qui sont spécifiques aux différentes machines ne répètent pas les prescriptions du FprEN 474-1:2021, mais complètent ou modifient les prescriptions applicables à la famille concernée.
NOTE 2   Les prescriptions spécifiées dans la présente partie de la norme sont communes à au moins deux familles d'engins de terrassement.
Le présent document ne spécifie aucune prescription relative aux circuits électriques principaux et aux commandes des engins lorsque la principale source d'énergie est une alimentation électrique externe.
Le présent document ne spécifie aucune prescription de performance relative aux fonctions de sécurité du (des) système(s) de commande.
Le présent document ne traite pas de la traction des remorques.
Le présent document ne traite pas des engins de démolition.
Le présent document traite des phénomènes dangereux significatifs, situations dangereuses et événements dangereux se rapportant aux engins de terrassement, lorsqu'ils sont utilisés normalement et dans les conditions prévues, mais en tenant également compte des mauvais usages raisonnablement prévisibles (voir Annexe A).
Les phénomènes dangereux significatifs et pertinents suivants ne sont pas couverts par le présent document :
-   laser ;
-   foudre.
Le présent document spécifie les mesures techniques appropriées visant à réduire les risques dus aux phénomènes dangereux significatifs, aux situations dangereuses et aux événements dangereux survenant pendant toute la durée de vie prévisible de l'engin, tel que décrit dans l'EN ISO 12100:2010, 5.4.
Le présent document n'est pas applicable aux engins de terrassement fabriqués avant la date de publication du présent document par le CEN.
NOTE 3   Pour la circulation sur les voies publiques, les codes de la route nationaux s'appliquent (freinage, conduite, éclairage, attelage, par exemple) tant que des prescriptions harmonisées ne sont pas disponibles.

Stroji za zemeljska dela - Varnost - 1. del: Splošne zahteve

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• ICS: 53.100 - Earth-moving machinery
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 151 - Construction equipment and building material machines - Safety
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 151/WG 1 - Earth-moving machinery - Safety
• Current Stage: 5020 - Submission to Vote - Formal Approval
• Due Date: 18-Nov-2021
• Completion Date: 18-Nov-2021
• Directive: 2006/42/EC - Directive 2006/42/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 May 2006 on machinery, and amending Directive 95/16/EC (recast)
• Mandate: M/396 - Mandate to CEN and Cenelec for standardisation in the field of machinery
• Ref Project: kSIST FprEN 474-1:2017 - Earth-moving machinery - Safety - Part 1: General requirements

RELATIONS

• Revised: EN 474-1:2006+A6:2019 - Earth-moving machinery - Safety - Part 1: General requirements
• Effective Date: 23-Oct-2019
• Revised: EN 474-1:2006+A4:2013 - Earth-moving machinery - Safety - Part 1: General requirements
• Effective Date: 11-Feb-2015
• Revised: EN 474-1:2006+A5:2018 - Earth-moving machinery - Safety - Part 1: General requirements
• Effective Date: 21-Mar-2018

Standards Content (sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 474-1:2017
01-junij-2017
Stroji za zemeljska dela - Varnost - 1. del: Splošne zahteve
Earth-moving machinery - Safety - Part 1: General requirements
Engins de terrassement - Sécurité - Partie 1 : Prescriptions générales
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 474-1
ICS:
53.100 Stroji za zemeljska dela Earth-moving machinery
oSIST prEN 474-1:2017 en,fr,de

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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oSIST prEN 474-1:2017
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oSIST prEN 474-1:2017
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 474-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
March 2017
ICS Will supersede EN 474-1:2006+A4:2013
English Version
Earth-moving machinery - Safety - Part 1: General
requirements
Engins de terrassement - Sécurité - Partie 1 :
Prescriptions générales

This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee

CEN/TC 151.

If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations

which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.

This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other

language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC

Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,

Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,

Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,

Turkey and United Kingdom.

Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are

aware and to provide supporting documentation.

Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without

notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels

© 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 474-1:2017 E

worldwide for CEN national Members.
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Contents Page

European foreword ....................................................................................................................................................... 8

Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................... 9

1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................. 10

2 Normative references ................................................................................................................................. 10

3 Terms and definitions ................................................................................................................................ 15

4 List of significant hazards ......................................................................................................................... 18

5 Safety requirements .................................................................................................................................... 18

5.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 18

5.2 Access ............................................................................................................................................................... 18

5.2.1 General requirements ................................................................................................................................ 18

5.2.2 Access to articulated machines ............................................................................................................... 18

5.3 Operator's station ........................................................................................................................................ 19

5.3.1 General requirements ................................................................................................................................ 19

5.3.2 Operator's station equipped with a cab ............................................................................................... 20

5.3.3 Roll-over protective structures (ROPS) ............................................................................................... 22

5.3.4 Falling-object protective structures (FOPS) ....................................................................................... 22

5.3.5 Movable operator's station ....................................................................................................................... 22

5.3.6 Replacement of operator protective structure ................................................................................. 22

5.4 Seat .................................................................................................................................................................... 22

5.4.1 Operator's seat .............................................................................................................................................. 22

5.4.2 Additional seat .............................................................................................................................................. 23

5.5 Operator's controls and indicators ........................................................................................................ 23

5.5.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 23

5.5.2 Starting/stopping system .......................................................................................................................... 24

5.5.3 Inadvertent activation ................................................................................................................................ 24

5.5.4 Pedals ............................................................................................................................................................... 24

5.5.5 Emergency attachment lowering............................................................................................................ 24

5.5.6 Uncontrolled motion ................................................................................................................................... 24

5.5.7 Remote control .............................................................................................................................................. 24

5.5.8 Control panels, indicators and symbols ............................................................................................... 25

5.5.9 Controls of ride-on machinery accessible from ground level ...................................................... 25

5.5.10 Controls of non-riding machinery with handle bar ......................................................................... 25

5.5.11 Hold-to-run control ..................................................................................................................................... 25

5.5.12 Selection of control or operating modes ............................................................................................. 25

5.6 Steering system ............................................................................................................................................. 25

5.6.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 25

5.6.2 Wheeled machines ....................................................................................................................................... 25

5.6.3 Crawler machines ........................................................................................................................................ 25

5.7 Brake systems ............................................................................................................................................... 26

5.7.1 Brake systems for ride-on machines shall comply with the following requirements ........ 26

5.7.2 Brake systems for non-riding machines shall comply with the following

requirements ................................................................................................................................................. 26

5.8 Visibility........................................................................................................................................................... 26

5.8.1 Operator's field of view .............................................................................................................................. 26

5.8.2 Lighting, signalling and marking lights, and reflex-reflector devices ....................................... 26

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5.9 Forward horns and safety signs .............................................................................................................. 26

5.10 Tyres and rims ............................................................................................................................................... 27

5.11 Stability ............................................................................................................................................................ 27

5.12 Lifting operation ........................................................................................................................................... 27

5.12.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 27

5.12.2 Lifting device for lifting .............................................................................................................................. 28

5.12.3 Lowering control device ............................................................................................................................. 28

5.12.4 Overload warning device ........................................................................................................................... 28

5.12.5 Load capacity indicator .............................................................................................................................. 28

5.12.6 Rated capacity limiting device ................................................................................................................. 28

5.12.7 Rated lift capacity chart.............................................................................................................................. 29

5.13 Noise .................................................................................................................................................................. 29

5.13.1 Noise reduction ............................................................................................................................................. 29

5.13.2 Noise emission measurement .................................................................................................................. 29

5.14 Protective measures and devices ........................................................................................................... 29

5.14.1 Contaminated area ....................................................................................................................................... 29

5.14.2 Hot parts .......................................................................................................................................................... 30

5.14.3 Moving parts ................................................................................................................................................... 30

5.14.4 Sharp edges and acute angles ................................................................................................................... 31

5.14.5 Fenders ............................................................................................................................................................. 31

5.15 Recovery, towing away for recovery purposes (TARP), tying-down, lifting and

transporting .................................................................................................................................................... 31

5.15.1 Combined use ................................................................................................................................................. 31

5.15.2 Recovery .......................................................................................................................................................... 31

5.15.3 Tying-down ..................................................................................................................................................... 31

5.15.4 Lifting ................................................................................................................................................................ 31

5.15.5 Towing away for recovery purposes (TARP) ...................................................................................... 31

5.15.6 Transportation .............................................................................................................................................. 32

5.16 Electro-magnetic compatibility (EMC) .................................................................................................. 32

5.17 Electrical and electronic systems ........................................................................................................... 32

5.17.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 32

5.17.2 General requirements of extra-low-voltage and low-voltage systems ..................................... 32

5.17.3 Requirements of extra-low-voltage systems ...................................................................................... 34

5.17.4 Electrical connector for auxiliary starting aids ................................................................................. 35

5.17.5 Electric socket for lighting ......................................................................................................................... 35

5.18 Hydraulic fluid systems .............................................................................................................................. 35

5.18.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 35

5.18.2 Hydraulic hoses ............................................................................................................................................. 35

5.19 Fuel tanks, hydraulic tanks and pressure vessels ............................................................................ 35

5.19.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 35

5.19.2 Filler openings ............................................................................................................................................... 35

5.19.3 Fuel tanks ........................................................................................................................................................ 36

5.19.4 Air pressure vessels ..................................................................................................................................... 36

5.20 Fire protection ............................................................................................................................................... 36

5.20.1 Fire resistance ............................................................................................................................................... 36

5.20.2 Fire extinguisher ........................................................................................................................................... 36

5.21 Attachments .................................................................................................................................................... 36

5.21.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 36

5.21.2 Identification .................................................................................................................................................. 36

5.21.3 Instructions ..................................................................................................................................................... 37

5.22 Quick coupler ................................................................................................................................................. 37

5.23 Maintenance ................................................................................................................................................... 37

5.23.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 37

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5.23.2 Frequent maintenance ............................................................................................................................... 37

5.23.3 Support devices............................................................................................................................................. 37

5.23.4 Access to the engine compartment ........................................................................................................ 37

5.23.5 Tiltable cab support device ...................................................................................................................... 37

5.24 Underground operation in non-explosive atmosphere ................................................................. 38

5.25 Demolition machinery ................................................................................................................................ 38

5.26 Speed limit for non-riding machines..................................................................................................... 38

6 Verification ..................................................................................................................................................... 38

7 Information for use ..................................................................................................................................... 43

7.1 Warning signs ................................................................................................................................................ 43

7.2 Operator’s manual ....................................................................................................................................... 43

7.2.1 Information concerning airborne noise emission ........................................................................... 43

7.2.2 Information concerning hand-arm and whole-body vibration emission ................................ 44

7.2.3 Instructions and information for use and maintenance of the machine ................................. 44

7.3 Machine marking .......................................................................................................................................... 47

Annex A (normative) List of significant hazards .............................................................................................. 48

Annex B (normative) Requirements for movable operator's station ...................................................... 53

B.1 Terms and definitions ................................................................................................................................ 53

B.2 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 53

B.3 Control of movement .................................................................................................................................. 53

B.4 Emergency descent ...................................................................................................................................... 54

B.4.1 General requirements ................................................................................................................................ 54

B.4.2 Speed................................................................................................................................................................. 54

B.5 Crushing hazards .......................................................................................................................................... 54

B.6 Falling down protection for the operator ........................................................................................... 54

B.7 Operator protective structures ............................................................................................................... 54

B.7.1 ROPS .................................................................................................................................................................. 54

B.7.2 FOPS/OPG........................................................................................................................................................ 54

B.8 Operator’s manual ....................................................................................................................................... 55

B.9 Marking ............................................................................................................................................................ 55

Annex C (normative) Requirements for lifting devices used for lifting operations ............................ 56

C.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 56

C.2 Terms, definitions and abbreviations .................................................................................................. 56

C.3 Safety requirements .................................................................................................................................... 56

C.3.1 Mounting and fixing .................................................................................................................................... 56

C.3.2 Design and strength of lifting device(s) ............................................................................................... 57

C.3.2.1 Lifting device(s) provided by the machine manufacturer ............................................................ 57

C.3.2.2 Lifting device(s) provided by non-machine (or independent) manufacturer ....................... 57

C.4 Performance test .......................................................................................................................................... 58

C.4.1 Mechanical performance ........................................................................................................................... 58

C.4.2 Field test under operating conditions .................................................................................................. 58

C.5 Additional requirements for attachable hooks used as lifting device(s) ................................ 59

C.5.1 Safety latch...................................................................................................................................................... 59

C.5.2 Design and strength .................................................................................................................................... 59

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C.5.2.1 Attachable hooks .......................................................................................................................................... 59

C.5.2.2 Bolted hooks ................................................................................................................................................... 59

C.5.3 Mounting and fixing of attachable hooks ............................................................................................. 60

C.5.4 Mechanical performance test ................................................................................................................... 61

C.5.4.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 61

C.5.4.2 Mechanical performance ........................................................................................................................... 61

C.5.4.3 Field tests ......................................................................................................................................................... 61

C.5.4.4 Verification ..................................................................................................................................................... 61

C.5.5 Identification .................................................................................................................................................. 61

C.6 Operator’s manual ........................................................................................................................................ 61

Annex D (normative) Requirements for earth-moving machinery used in underground

working in non-explosive atmosphere ................................................................................................. 63

D.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 63

D.2 Operator's station ......................................................................................................................................... 63

D.2.1 Operator's station with cab ....................................................................................................................... 63

D.2.2 Operator's station with reduced dimension of the cab ................................................................... 63

D.2.2.1 Exception to F.2.1 .......................................................................................................................................... 63

D.2.2.2 Space envelope .............................................................................................................................................. 63

D.2.2.3 Transmitted vibration ................................................................................................................................ 63

D.2.2.4 Seat ..................................................................................................................................................................... 63

D.2.3 Operator's station without cab ................................................................................................................ 63

D.3 Engine exhaust emission and fuel .......................................................................................................... 64

D.3.1 Engine and fuel .............................................................................................................................................. 64

D.3.2 Fuel system ..................................................................................................................................................... 64

D.4 Lighting, signalling and marking lights and reflex-reflector devices ........................................ 64

D.4.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 64

D.4.2 Light assembly position .............................................................................................................................. 64

D.4.3 Rear position lamp .......................................................................................................................................

...