CEN/TR 16389:2023
(Main)Automotive fuels - Paraffinic diesel fuel and blends with FAME - Background to the parameters required and their respective limits and determination
Automotive fuels - Paraffinic diesel fuel and blends with FAME - Background to the parameters required and their respective limits and determination
This document explains the requirements and test methods for paraffinic diesel fuel from synthesis or hydrotreatment. Synthesis refers to XTL processes where X refers to various feedstocks for example Gas (G), Biomass (B) or Coal (C) and TL stands for To-Liquid. Hydrotreatment of vegetable oils and animal fats yield Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil (HVO). Paraffinic diesel fuel can be blended with up to 7,0 % (V/V) fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). This document provides background information to the final text of EN 15940 [1] and gives guidance and explanations to the producers, blenders, marketers and users of paraffinic automotive diesel fuel.
Paraffinic diesel fuel is a high quality, clean burning fuel with virtually no sulfur and aromatics. Paraffinic diesel fuel can be used in diesel engines, also to reduce regulated emissions. In order to have the greatest possible emissions reduction, a specific calibration is needed. Some types of paraffinic diesel fuel, at present notably HVO, can also offer a meaningful contribution to the target of increased non-crude derived and/or renewable content in the transportation fuel pool.
For general diesel engine operation, durability and warranty, paraffinic automotive diesel fuel needs a validation step to confirm the compatibility of the fuel with the vehicle, which for some existing engines still needs to be done. The vehicle manufacturer needs to be consulted before use.
NOTE 1 This document is directly related to EN 15940 and will be updated once further publications take place.
NOTE 2 Paraffinic diesel fuel is also used as a blending component in automotive diesel fuel. In that case, composition and properties of the final blends are defined by relevant fuel specification standards.
NOTE 3 For the purposes of this document, the terms "% (m/m)" and "% (V/V)" are used to represent respectively the mass fraction and the volume fraction.
Kraftstoff für Kraftfahrzeuge - Paraffinischer Dieselkraftstoff und Kraftstoff-Mischungen - Hintergrund zu den erforderlichen Parametern, den entsprechenden Grenzwerten und deren Bestimmung
This document explains the requirements and test methods for paraffinic diesel fuel from synthesis or hydrotreatment. Synthesis refers to XTL processes where X refers to various feedstocks for example Gas (G), Biomass (B) or Coal (C) and TL stands for To-Liquid. Hydrotreatment of vegetable oils and animal fats yield Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil (HVO). Paraffinic diesel fuel can be blended with up to 7,0 % (V/V) fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). It provides background information to the final text of EN 15940 [1] and gives guidance and explanations to the producers, blenders, marketers and users of paraffinic automotive diesel.
Paraffinic diesel fuel is a high quality, clean burning fuel with virtually no sulfur and aromatics. Paraffinic diesel fuel can be used in diesel engines, also to reduce regulated emissions. In order to have the greatest possible emissions reduction, a specific calibration is needed. Some types of paraffinic diesel fuel, at present notably HVO, can also offer a meaningful contribution to the target of increased non-crude derived and/or renewable content in transportation fuel pool.
For general diesel engine operation, durability and warranty, paraffinic automotive diesel fuel needs a validation step to confirm the compatibility of the fuel with the vehicle, which for some existing engines still needs to be done. The vehicle manufacturer needs to be consulted before use.
NOTE 1 This document is directly related to EN 15940 and will be updated once further publications take place.
NOTE 2 Paraffinic diesel fuel is also used as a blending component in automotive diesel fuel. In that case, composition and properties of the final blends are defined by relevant fuel specification standards.
NOTE 3 For the purposes of this document, the terms "% (m/m)" and "% (V/V)" are used to represent respectively the mass fraction and the volume fraction.
Carburants pour automobiles - Gazole paraffinique et mélanges d'EMAG - Historique sur la définition des paramètres requis, de leurs limites et de leurs déterminations respectives
Goriva za motorna vozila - Parafinsko dizelsko gorivo in mešanice s FAME - Ozadje zahtevanih parametrov, njihove omejitve ter določevanje
To tehnično poročilo pojasnjuje zahteve in preskusne metode za parafinsko dizelsko gorivo iz sinteze (XTL) ali postopka s hidrogeniranjem (HVO) in za mešanice tega goriva s 7 % (V/V) metilnih estrov maščobnih kislin (FAME) v skladu z evropskimi specifikacijami za gorivo pri prodaji in dobavi. Zagotavlja dodatne informacije za oceno končnega besedila evropskega standarda EN 15940 ter smernice in pojasnila za proizvajalce, pripravljavce mešanic, trgovce in uporabnike parafinskega dizelskega goriva za motorna vozila.
Parafinsko dizelsko gorivo je zelo kakovostno gorivo s čistim izgorevanjem, ki je praktično brez žvepla in aromatskih spojin. Parafinsko dizelsko gorivo se lahko uporablja v dizelskih motorjih in za zmanjšanje predpisanih emisij. Za kar največje možno zmanjšanje emisij bo morda potrebno posebno umerjanje. Parafinsko dizelsko gorivo lahko tudi pomembno prispeva k cilju povečane količine nesurovih in/ali obnovljivih snovi v gorivu za vozni park.
Pri splošni garanciji za dizelski motor je za parafinsko dizelsko gorivo za avtomobile morda potrebno preveriti združljivost goriva z vozilom – to je morda še vedno potrebno za nekatere obstoječe motorje. Pred uporabo se je treba posvetovati s proizvajalcem vozil.
OPOMBA 1: Ta dokument se neposredno navezuje na razvoj standarda EN 15940 in bo posodobljen, ko bodo na voljo nadaljnje objave.
OPOMBA 2: Parafinsko dizelsko gorivo se uporablja tudi kot komponenta za mešanje za dizelsko gorivo za motorna vozila. V tem primeru so sestava in lastnosti končnih mešanic določene z ustreznim standardom za specifikacijo goriva.
OPOMBA 3: V tem dokumentu sta uporabljeni oznaki »% (m/m)« in »% (V/V)«, ki predstavljata masni delež (µ) oziroma prostornino (φ).
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-februar-2024
Nadomešča:
SIST-TP CEN/TR 16389:2017
Goriva za motorna vozila - Parafinsko dizelsko gorivo in mešanice s FAME -
Ozadje zahtevanih parametrov, njihove omejitve ter določevanje
Automotive fuels - Paraffinic diesel fuel and blends with FAME - Background to the
parameters required and their respective limits and determination
Kraftstoff für Kraftfahrzeuge - Paraffinischer Dieselkraftstoff und Kraftstoff-Mischungen -
Hintergrund zu den erforderlichen Parametern, den entsprechenden Grenzwerten und
deren Bestimmung
Carburants pour automobiles - Gazole paraffinique et mélanges d'EMAG - Historique sur
la définition des paramètres requis, de leurs limites et de leurs déterminations
respectives
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TR 16389:2023
ICS:
75.160.20 Tekoča goriva Liquid fuels
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
CEN/TR 16389
TECHNICAL REPORT
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE
December 2023
TECHNISCHER REPORT
ICS 75.160.20 Supersedes CEN/TR 16389:2017
English Version
Automotive fuels - Paraffinic diesel fuel and blends with
FAME - Background to the parameters required and their
respective limits and determination
Carburants pour automobiles - Gazole paraffinique et Kraftstoff für Kraftfahrzeuge - Paraffinischer
mélanges d'EMAG - Historique sur la définition des Dieselkraftstoff und Kraftstoff-Mischungen -
paramètres requis, de leurs limites et de leurs Hintergrund zu den erforderlichen Parametern, den
déterminations respectives entsprechenden Grenzwerten und deren Bestimmung
This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 18 September 2023. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC
19.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2023 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TR 16389:2023 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
1 Scope . 4
2 Normative references . 4
3 Terms and definitions . 4
4 EN 15940, Automotive fuels - Paraffinic diesel fuel from synthesis or hydrotreatment -
Requirements and test methods . 4
4.1 Parameters included . 4
4.2 Considerations on the parameters . 9
4.2.1 Cetane number . 9
4.2.2 Density . 10
4.2.3 Flash point . 12
4.2.4 Viscosity . 12
4.2.5 Distillation characteristics . 14
4.2.6 Lubricity . 16
4.2.7 Total aromatics content . 18
4.2.8 Sulfur content . 21
4.2.9 Contamination . 21
4.2.10 Copper strip corrosion . 23
4.2.11 Oxidation stability . 24
4.2.12 Biodegradability . 24
4.2.13 FAME . 25
4.2.14 Legislation of Sweden . 26
4.2.15 Climate dependence . 26
4.2.16 Additives . 27
4.2.17 Sampling . 27
4.2.18 Pump marking . 27
4.2.19 Housekeeping guidance . 27
4.2.20 Methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT) . 27
4.2.21 Heating applications . 27
4.3 Parameters considered and not included in the specification . 27
4.3.1 Poly-cyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and olefin content . 27
4.3.2 Elastomer compatibility . 28
5 Acknowledgement . 28
Annex A (informative) SL-BOCLE Lubricity of EN 15940 paraffinic fuels: Summary of Round
Robin test results . 29
Annex B (informative) A meta-analysis of HFRR precision studies . 34
Annex C (informative) Paraffinic diesel fuel Round Robin tests (cetane number) . 38
Annex D (informative) Aromatic Round Robin tests . 43
Annex E (informative) Oxidation stability round robin tests . 45
Annex F (informative) Cloud point and CFPP round robin tests . 46
Bibliography . 48
European foreword
This document (CEN/TR 16389:2023) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 19 “Gaseous
and liquid fuels, lubricants and related products of petroleum, synthetic and biological origin”, the
secretariat of which is held by NEN.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes CEN/TR 16389:2017.
The third version of this Technical Report has been updated after the revision of EN 15940:2023. In this
update, several improvements have been made, historical views of task force meetings have been deleted
and the properties of paraffinic diesels are explained in more detail:
— Subclause 4.2.12 on biodegradability was added;
— The requirement in EN 15940 allowing blending of diesel is explained, including subclause 4.2.14
with an additional explanation of the Swedish legislation;
— Subclause 4.2.21 on heating applications was added;
— All available round robin information was included as separate Annexes;
— The information of the latest research was reviewed and updated;
— Summary of the history of XTL-HVO task force was deleted;
— Historical record of the work to date was deleted.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body.
A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
1 Scope
This document explains the requirements and test methods for paraffinic diesel fuel from synthesis or
hydrotreatment. Synthesis refers to XTL processes where X refers to various feedstocks for example Gas
(G), Biomass (B) or Coal (C) and TL stands for To-Liquid. Hydrotreatment of vegetable oils and animal
fats yield Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil (HVO). Paraffinic diesel fuel can be blended with up to 7,0 % (V/V)
fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). This document provides background information to the final text of
EN 15940 [1] and gives guidance and explanations to the producers, blenders, marketers and users of
paraffinic automotive diesel fuel.
Paraffinic diesel fuel is a high quality, clean burning fuel with virtually no sulfur and aromatics. Paraffinic
diesel fuel can be used in diesel engines, also to reduce regulated emissions. In order to have the greatest
possible emissions reduction, a specific calibration is needed. Some types of paraffinic diesel fuel, at
present notably HVO, can also offer a meaningful contribution to the target of increased non-crude
derived and/or renewable content in the transportation fuel pool.
For general diesel engine operation, durability and warranty, paraffinic automotive diesel fuel needs a
validation step to confirm the compatibility of the fuel with the vehicle, which for some existing engines
still needs to be done. The vehicle manufacturer needs to be consulted before use.
NOTE 1 This document is directly related to EN 15940 and will be updated once further publications take place.
NOTE 2 Paraffinic diesel fuel is also used as a blending component in automotive diesel fuel. In that case,
composition and properties of the final blends are defined by relevant fuel specification standards.
NOTE 3 For the purposes of this document, the terms “% (m/m)” and “% (V/V)” are used to represent
respectively the mass fraction and the volume fraction.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
No terms and definitions are listed in this document.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp/
4 EN 15940, Automotive fuels - Paraffinic diesel fuel from synthesis or
hydrotreatment - Requirements and test methods
4.1 Parameters included
This document gives further detailed information about requirements and parameters as defined in
EN 15940.
All parameters discussed in this document are based on the paraffinic nature of XTL and HVO and the use
of FAME complying with EN 14214 [2] as a blending component. The test methods precisions are
presented in Table 1.
Table 1 — Precision of the methods to paraffinic diesel fuel and conventional diesel
Property Unit Test method Paraffinic diesel fuel EN 590 [3]
Precision Precision
Methods that have the same precision for paraffinic diesel fuel and conventional diesel
Cetane number EN ISO 5165 [4] Average cetane number Repeatability Reproducibility
a
level
(R = 0,125*CN - 2,2)
40 0,8 2,8
44 0,9 3,3
48 0,9 3,8
52 0,9 4,3
56 1,0 4,8
EN 15195 [5] r=0,013 80 X
R=0,046 82 X
EN 16906 [6] r = 1,474 2 + 0,004 3 X
R = −1,054 2+ 0,069 2 X
EN 17155 [7] r = 0,002 931(ICN)1.47
R = 0,006 407 (ICN)1.47
3 3
Density at 15 °C EN ISO 3675 [8]
kg/m r= 0,5 kg/m
R=1,2 kg/m
EN ISO 12185 [9]
r=0,2 kg/m
R=0,5 kg/m
Flash point °C EN ISO 2719 [10] r=0,029 X
R=0,071X
Viscosity at 40 °C EN ISO 3104 [11] r=0,004 3 * (X + 1)
mm /s
R=0,008 2 * (X + 1)
ISO 23581 [12] r = 0,010 5 – 0,000 3 X
R = 0,034 6 + 0,005 X
Property Unit Test method Paraffinic diesel fuel EN 590 [3]
Precision Precision
Distillation °C or EN ISO 3405 [13] % recovered Repe
...
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