M/344 - Energy supply

This European Standard specifies requirements for the approval of a welding process in a fixed plant, together with the requirements for subsequent welding production.
It applies to new Vignole railway rails R220, R260, R260Mn and R350HT grade rails of 46 kg/m and above, as contained in EN 13674-1, welded by a flash butt welding process in a fixed plant and intended for use on railway infrastructure.
This European Standard applies to the welding of rails into welded strings.

This document specifies requirements for the approval of a welding process in a fixed plant, together with the requirements for subsequent welding production.
It applies to new Vignole railway rails R220, R260, R260Mn, R320Cr, R350HT, R350LHT, R370CrHT and R400HT grade rails of 46 kg/m and above, as contained in EN 13674 1, welded by a flash butt welding process in a fixed plant and intended for use on railway infrastructure.
This document applies to the welding of rails into welded strings.

This European Standard specifies requirements and test methods for marketed and delivered ethanol to be used as an extender for automotive fuel for petrol engine vehicles in accordance with the requirements of EN 228 [5]. It is applicable to ethanol used for blending at all levels up to and including 85 % (V/V).
NOTE   For the purposes of this document, the term “% (m/m)” and “% (V/V)” are used to represent the mass fraction, µ, and the volume fraction, φ, respectively.

This European Standard specifies an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) method for the direct determination of elements content in ethanol, namely phosphorus in the range (0,13 to 1,90) mg/kg, copper in the range (0,050 to 0,300) mg/kg, and sulfur in the range (2,0 to 15,0) mg/kg.

This European Standard specifies an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) method for the direct determination of elements content in ethanol, namely phosphorus in the range (0,13 to 1,90) mg/kg, copper in the range (0,050 to 0,300) mg/kg, and sulfur in the range (2,0 to 15,0) mg/kg.
WARNING - The use of this method may involve hazardous equipment, materials and operations. This method does not purport to address to all of the safety problems associated with its use, but it is the responsibility of the user to search and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
NOTE   For the purposes of this document, the terms "% (m/m)" and "% (V/V)" are used to represent respectively the mass fraction (w) and volume fraction (greek symbol phi).

This standard specifies a procedure for the determination of phosphorus content measured as orthophosphate, in ethanol from 0,15 mg/l to 1,50 mg/l by ammonium molybdate spectrometric method. The phosphorus content is determined in aqueous solution after dissolution of the evaporation residue of the ethanol sample.
WARNING - Use of this standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This standard specifies a procedure for the determination of copper content in ethanol from 0,07 mg/kg to 0,20 mg/kg using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry.
NOTE   For the purpose of this document, the terms “% (m/m)” and "% (V/V)" are used to represent the mass fraction, respectively the volume fraction of a material.
WARNING - Use of this standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This European Standard describes a procedure for the determination of acid strength, as a pHe value, of ethanol to be used as a blend component for gasoline.
NOTE   For the purposes of this European Standard, the term “% (V/V)” is used to represent the volume fraction.

This document specifies a wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) test method for the determination of the sulfur content of ethanol from 7 mg/kg to 20 mg/kg.
NOTE   For the purposes of this European Standard, the term "% (m/m)" is used to represent the mass fraction of a material.

This European Standard specifies a method for the direct determination of water in ethanol to be used in gasoline blends. It is applicable to ethanol having water contents in the range 0,039 % (m/m) to 0,5 % (m/m).
NOTE   For the purposes of this document, the term “% (m/m)” is used to represent the mass fraction.
WARNING — Use of this standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This European Standard specifies a method for determining the total acidity, calculated as acetic acid, of ethanol to be used in petrol blends. It is applicable to ethanol having total acid contents of between 0,003 % (m/m) to 0,015 % (m/m).
NOTE   For the purposes of this European Standard, the term “% (m/m)” and “% (V/V)” are used to represent the mass fraction and the volume fraction respectively.
WARNING — Use of this standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This standard specifies a potentiometric method for the determination of inorganic chloride content in ethanol from 4 mg/l to 30 mg/l. The chloride content is determined in aqueous solution after dissolution of the evaporation residue of the ethanol sample.
WARNING — Use of this standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
NOTE   For the purposes of this document, the terms “% (m/m)” and “% (V/V)” are used to represent respectively the mass fraction and the volume fraction.

This document specifies an ultraviolet (UV) fluorescence test method for the determination of the sulfur content of ethanol from 5 mg/kg to 20 mg/kg. Other products may be analysed and higher sulfur contents may be determined according to this test method, however, no precision data for products other than ethanol and for results outside the specified range have been established for this document. Halogens interfere with this detection technique at concentrations above approximately 3 500 mg/kg.
NOTE   For the purposes of this document, the terms “% (m/m)” and “% (V/V)” are used to represent the mass fraction and the volume fraction of a material respectively.
WARNING — The use of this standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This standard specifies a procedure for the determination of phosphorus content measured as orthophosphate, in ethanol from 0,15 mg/l to 1,50 mg/l by ammonium molybdate spectrometric method. The phosphorus content is determined in aqueous solution after dissolution of the evaporation residue of the ethanol sample.
WARNING — Use of this standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This document specifies an ultraviolet (UV) fluorescence test method for the determination of the sulfur content of ethanol from 5 mg/kg to 20 mg/kg. Other products may be analysed and higher sulfur contents may be determined according to this test method, however, no precision data for products other than ethanol and for results outside the specified range have been established for this document. Halogens interfere with this detection technique at concentrations above approximately 3 500 mg/kg.
NOTE   For the purposes of this document, the terms “% (m/m)” and “% (V/V)” are used to represent the mass fraction and the volume fraction of a material respectively.
WARNING — The use of this standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This standard specifies a procedure for the determination of copper content in ethanol from 0,07 mg/kg to 0,20 mg/kg using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry.
NOTE   For the purpose of this document, the terms “% (m/m)” and "% (V/V)" are used to represent the mass fraction, respectively the volume fraction of a material.
WARNING — Use of this standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This European Standard specifies a method for the direct determination of water in ethanol to be used in gasoline blends. It is applicable to ethanol having water contents in the range 0,039 % (m/m) to 0,500 % (m/m).
NOTE   For the purposes of this document, the term “% (m/m)” is used to represent the mass fraction.
WARNING — Use of this standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This standard specifies a potentiometric method for the determination of inorganic chloride content in ethanol from 4 mg/l to 30 mg/l. The chloride content is determined in aqueous solution after dissolution of the evaporation residue of the ethanol sample.
WARNING — Use of this standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
NOTE   For the purposes of this document, the terms “% (m/m)” and “% (V/V)” are used to represent respectively the mass fraction and the volume fraction.

This document specifies a wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) test method for the determination of the sulfur content of ethanol from 7 mg/kg to 20 mg/kg.
NOTE   For the purposes of this European Standard, the term "% (m/m)" is used to represent the mass fraction of a material.

This European Standard describes a procedure for the determination of acid strength, as a pHe value, of ethanol to be used as a blend component for gasoline.
NOTE   For the purposes of this European Standard, the term “% (V/V)” is used to represent the volume fraction.

This European Standard specifies a method for determining the total acidity, calculated as acetic acid, of ethanol to be used in petrol blends. It is applicable to ethanol having total acid contents of between 0,003 % (m/m) to 0,015 % (m/m).
NOTE   For the purposes of this European Standard, the term “% (m/m)” and “% (V/V)” are used to represent the mass fraction and the volume fraction respectively.
WARNING — Use of this standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This European Standard specifies a method for determining the total acidity, calculated as acetic acid, of ethanol to be used in petrol blends. It is applicable to ethanol having total acid contents of between 0,003 % (m/m) to 0,015 % (m/m).

This document specifies a method for determining the total acidity, calculated as acetic acid, of ethanol to be used in petrol blends. It is applicable to ethanol having total acid contents of between 0,003 % (m/m) and 0,015 % (m/m).
NOTE   For the purposes of this document, the term "% (m/m)" and "% (V/V)" are used to represent the mass fraction and the volume fraction respectively.
WARNING - Use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to take appropriate measures to ensure the safety and health of personnel prior to the application of the document, and to fulfil statutory and regulatory restrictions for this purpose.

This Technical Specification specifies requirements and test methods for marketed and delivered Ethanol (E85) automotive fuel. It is applicable to Ethanol (E85) automotive fuel for use in spark ignition engine vehicles designed to run on Ethanol (E85). Ethanol (E85) automotive fuel is a mixture of nominally 85 % (V/V) ethanol complying to EN 15376 and petrol complying to EN 228, but also including the possibility of having different "seasonal grades" containing more than 50 % (V/V) ethanol.

This Technical Specification specifies requirements and test methods for marketed and delivered Ethanol (E85) automotive fuel. It is applicable to Ethanol (E85) automotive fuel for use in spark ignition engine vehicles designed to run on Ethanol (E85).
Ethanol (E85) automotive fuel is a mixture of nominally 85 % (V/V) ethanol complying to EN 15376 and petrol complying to EN 228, but also including the possibility of having different "seasonal grades" containing more than 50 % (V/V) ethanol.
NOTE   For the purposes of this document, the terms "% (m/m)" and "% (V/V)" are used to represent respectively the mass fraction and the volume fraction.

This European Standard specifies requirements and test methods for marketed and delivered ethanol to be used as an extender for automotive fuel for petrol engine vehicles in accordance with the requirements of EN 228.

This European Standard specifies requirements and test methods for marketed and delivered ethanol to be used as an extender for automotive fuel for petrol engine vehicles in accordance with the requirements of EN 228.
NOTE 1   This document gives all relevant characteristics, requirements and test methods for (bio)ethanol, which are known at this time to be necessary to define the product to be used up to a maximum 10 % (V/V) blending component for automotive petrol fuel. The requirements need to be restudied if the percentage or use is expanded beyond 10 % volume.
NOTE 2   For the purposes of this document, the term % (m/m) and % (V/V) are used to represent the mass fraction, µ, and the volume fraction respectively.

This document specifies requirements and test methods for marketed and delivered ethanol to be used as an extender for automotive fuel for petrol engine vehicles in accordance with the requirements of EN 228.
NOTE 1   This document gives all relevant characteristics, requirements and test methods for (bio)ethanol, which are known at this time to be necessary to define the product to be used up to a maximum 5 % (V/V) blending component for automotive petrol fuel. If the percentage or use is expanded, the requirements need to be restudied.
NOTE 2   For the purposes of this document, the term "% (m/m)" and "% (V/V)" are used to represent the mass fraction and the volume fraction respectively.

This document specifies requirements and test methods for marketed and delivered ethanol to be used as an extender for automotive fuel for petrol engine vehicles in accordance with the requirements of EN 228.
NOTE 1   This document gives all relevant characteristics, requirements and test methods for (bio)ethanol, which are known at this time to be necessary to define the product to be used up to a maximum 5 % (V/V) blending component for automotive petrol fuel. If the percentage or use is expanded, the requirements need to be restudied.
NOTE 2   For the purposes of this document, the term "% (m/m)" and "% (V/V)" are used to represent the mass fraction and the volume fraction respectively.

This document specifies requirements and test methods for marketed and delivered ethanol to be used as an extender for automotive fuel for petrol engine vehicles in accordance with the requirements of EN 228.
NOTE 1   For further explanation on blending and applicability see Foreword
NOTE 2   For the purposes of this European Standard, the term "% (m/m)" and "% (V/V)" are used to represent the mass fraction and the volume fraction respectively.

This document specifies requirements and test methods for marketed and delivered ethanol to be used as an extender for automotive fuel for petrol engine vehicles in accordance with the requirements of EN 228.
NOTE 1   This document gives all relevant characteristics, requirements and test methods for (bio)ethanol, which are known at this time to be necessary to define the product to be used up to a maximum 5 % (V/V) blending component for automotive gasoline fuel. If the percentage or use is expanded, the requirements need to be restudied.
NOTE 2   For the purposes of this document, the term "% (m/m)" and "% (V/V)" are used to represent the mass fraction and the volume fraction respectively.

This European Standard specifies an ion chromatographic (IC) method for the determination of inorganic chloride and of sulfate content in ethanol. The precision of the method was established for chloride content from 4 mg/l to 30 mg/l. However, the precision of the method for sulfate content was not established yet.

This European Standard specifies an ion chromatographic (IC) method for the determination of inorganic chloride and of sulfate content in ethanol. The precision of the method was established for chloride content from 4 mg/l to 30 mg/l. However, the precision of the method for sulfate content was not established yet.
NOTE   Preliminary measurements showed that sulfate content can be determined from (4 to 10) mg/kg.
WARNING: Use of this method may involve hazardous equipment, materials and operations. This method does not purport to address to all of the safety problems associated with its use, but it is the responsibility of the user to search and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.