FprEN 14025
(Main)Tanks for the transport of dangerous goods - Metallic pressure tanks - Design and construction
Tanks for the transport of dangerous goods - Metallic pressure tanks - Design and construction
This document specifies the minimum requirements for the design and construction of metallic
pressure tanks for the transport of dangerous goods by road and rail and sea. It is not
applicable to gravity-discharge tanks according to RID/ADR 6.8.2.1.14 (a).
This document includes requirements for openings, closures and structural equipment; it does not cover requirements of service equipment. For tanks for the transport of cryogenic liquids, EN 13530-1 and EN 13530-2 apply.
Design and construction of pressure tanks according to the Scope of this document are primarily subject to the requirements of RID/ADR, Subsections 6.8.2.1, 6.8.3.1 and 6.8.5, as relevant. In addition, the relevant requirements of RID/ADR, Table A, columns 12 and 13, to Chapters 3.2, 4.3 and Subsection 6.8.2.4 apply. For the structural equipment RID/ADR, Subsections 6.8.2.2 and 6.8.3.2 apply, as relevant. The definitions of RID/ADR, Subsection 1.2.1, are referred to. For portable tanks see also RID/ADR, Chapter 4.2 and Sections 6.7.2 and 6.7.3. In addition, the relevant requirements of RID/ADR, Table A, Columns 10 and 11 to Chapters 3.2, 4.2, and Sections 6.7.2 and 6.7.3 apply. The paragraph numbers above relate to the 2017 issue of RID/ADR which are subject to regular revisions. This can lead to temporary non-compliances with EN 14025.
This document is applicable to liquefied gases including LPG; however for a dedicated LPG standard see EN 12493.
If not otherwise specified, provisions which take up the whole width of the page apply to all kind of tanks. Provisions contained in a single column apply only to:
-tanks according to RID/ADR Chapter 6.8 (left-hand column);
-portable tanks according to RID/ADR Chapter 6.7 (right-hand column).
Tanks für die Beförderung gefährlicher Güter - Metallische Drucktanks - Auslegung und Bau
Dieses Dokument legt die Mindestanforderungen für Auslegung und Bau von metallischen Drucktanks für die Beförderung gefährlicher Güter auf der Straße, mit der Eisenbahn und mit Seeschiffen fest. Dieses Dokument enthält Anforderungen an Öffnungen, Verschlüsse und die bauliche Ausrüstung; Anforderungen an die Bedienungsausrüstung werden nicht behandelt. Für Tanks für die Beförderung von tiefkalten Flüssigkeiten gelten EN 13530 1 und EN 13530 2.
Dieses Dokument gilt auch für verflüssigte Gase einschließlich Flüssiggas (LPG); für eine dezidierte LPG-Norm siehe jedoch EN 12493.
ANMERKUNG 1 Für die Auslegung und den Bau von Drucktanks entsprechend dem Anwendungsbereich dieses Dokuments gelten vorrangig die Vorschriften in RID/ADR, siehe Unterabschnitt 6.8.2.1, Unterabschnitt 6.8.3.1 und Unterabschnitt 6.8.5 sowie Kapitel 3.2, als auch Tabelle A, Spalten 12 und 13, bis Kapitel 4.3 bzw. Unterabschnitt 6.8.2.4 des ADR. Für die bauliche Ausrüstung, die den Vorschriften in RID/ADR entsprechen, siehe Unterabschnitt 6.8.2.2 bzw. Unterabschnitt 6.8.3.2. Auf die in RID/ADR, Unterabschnitt 1.2.1, enthaltenen Begriffsbestimmungen wird verwiesen. Zu ortsbeweglichen Tanks siehe auch RID/ADR, Kapitel 4.2, sowie Unterabschnitt 6.7.2 und Unterabschnitt 6.7.3 sowie Kapitel 3.2 als auch Tabelle A, Spalten 10 und 11.
ANMERKUNG 2 Dieses Dokument gilt nicht für Tanks mit Entleerung durch Schwerkraft nach RID/ADR 6.8.2.1.14 (a).
Sofern nicht anders festgelegt, gelten die Festlegungen, die die gesamte Breite der Seite einnehmen, für alle Arten von Tanks. Festlegungen, die in nur einer Spalte enthalten sind, gelten ausschließlich für:
Citernes pour le transport de matières dangereuses - Citernes métalliques sous pression - Conception et construction
Le présent document spécifie les prescriptions minimales pour la conception et la construction des citernes métalliques sous pression destinées au transport de matières dangereuses par route, par chemin de fer et par mer. Le présent document inclut les exigences relatives aux ouvertures, fermetures et équipements de structure ; il ne couvre pas les exigences relatives aux équipements de service. Pour les citernes destinées au transport de liquides cryogéniques, les normes EN 13530-1 et EN 13530-2 s’appliquent.
Le présent document s’applique aux gaz liquéfiés, dont le GPL. Pour une norme dédiée au GPL, se reporter toutefois à l’EN 12493.
NOTE 1 La conception et la construction des citernes sous pression au sens du domaine d’application du présent document sont soumises avant tout aux prescriptions du RID/ADR, voir les sous-sections 6.8.2.1, 6.8.3.1 et 6.8.5, les colonnes 12 et 13 du Tableau A, les chapitres 3.2 et 4.3 ainsi que la sous-section 6.8.2.4 de l’ADR, selon le cas. Pour les équipements de structure conformes aux prescriptions du RID/ADR, voir les sous-sections 6.8.2.2 et 6.8.3.2, selon le cas. Les définitions de la sous-section 1.2.1 du RID/ADR s’appliquent. Pour les citernes mobiles, voir également le Chapitre 4.2 du RID/ADR et les Sections 6.7.2 et 6.7.3, ainsi que le Chapitre 3.2, Tableau A, Colonnes 10 et 11.
NOTE 2 Le présent document ne s’applique pas aux citernes à vidange par gravité selon la sous-section 6.8.2.1.14 (a) du RID/ADR.
Sauf indication contraire, les dispositions qui occupent toute la largeur de la page s’appliquent à tous les types de citernes. Les dispositions qui n’occupent qu’une colonne s’appliquent uniquement aux :
citernes conformément au chapitre 6.8 du RID/ADR (colonne de gauche) ;
citernes mobiles conformément au chapitre 6.7 du RID/ADR (colonne de droite).
Cisterne za prevoz nevarnega blaga - Kovinske cisterne pod tlakom - Konstruiranje in izdelava
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 14025:2022
01-marec-2022
Cisterne za prevoz nevarnega blaga - Kovinske tlačne posode - Konstruiranje in
izdelava
Tanks for the transport of dangerous goods - Metallic pressure tanks - Design and
construction
Tanks für die Beförderung gefährlicher Güter - Metallische Drucktanks - Auslegung und
Bau
Citernes destinées au transport de matières dangereuses - Citernes métalliques sous
pression - Conception et fabrication
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 14025
ICS:
13.300 Varstvo pred nevarnimi Protection against dangerous
izdelki goods
23.020.20 Posode in vsebniki, montirani Vessels and containers
na vozila mounted on vehicles
oSIST prEN 14025:2022 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN 14025:2022
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 14025
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
March 2022
ICS 13.300; 23.020.20 Will supersede EN 14025:2018
English Version
Tanks for the transport of dangerous goods - Metallic
pressure tanks - Design and construction
Citernes destinées au transport de matières Tanks für die Beförderung gefährlicher Güter -
dangereuses - Citernes métalliques sous pression - Metallische Drucktanks - Auslegung und Bau
Conception et fabrication
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 296.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2022 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 14025:2022 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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Contents
European foreword . 4
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms, definitions and symbols . 7
3.1 Terms and definitions . 7
3.2 Symbols . 8
4 Materials . 9
4.1 General . 9
4.2 Compatibility . 10
5 Design . 10
5.1 General . 10
5.2 Minimum shell thickness . 10
5.3 Reduction of shell thickness. 11
5.4 Protection of the shell . 11
5.5 Protection of equipment . 12
5.6 Other design requirements . 12
6 Calculation . 13
6.1 General . 13
6.1.1 General . 13
6.1.2 Calculation scheme for the wall thickness of metallic pressure tanks of RID/ADR
Chapter 6.8 . 13
6.1.3 Calculation scheme for the wall thickness of metallic portable pressure tanks of
RID/ADR Chapter 6.7 . 15
6.2 Design criteria . 16
6.3 Calculation for internal pressure . 17
6.3.1 General . 17
6.3.2 Wall thickness of the cylindrical section . 17
6.3.3 Wall thickness of ends . 18
6.3.4 Wall thickness of conical sections . 22
6.3.5 Openings and reinforcements . 24
6.3.6 Manhole covers . 31
6.3.7 Flanges, joints, bolts . 36
6.4 Calculation for external pressure . 38
6.4.1 General . 38
6.4.2 Tanks, where external over pressure is part of operating conditions . 38
6.4.3 Tanks, where external over pressure is not part of operating conditions . 38
6.4.4 Test . 38
6.5 Tank to frame connection/interface and other attachments . 39
7 Construction and manufacturing . 39
7.1 General requirements . 39
7.2 Cutting . 39
7.3 Forming . 40
7.3.1 General . 40
7.3.2 Cold forming . 40
7.3.3 Hot forming . 40
7.3.4 Ends . 41
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7.3.5 Heat treatment and normalizing. 41
7.4 Welding . 41
7.4.1 Qualification . 41
7.4.2 Welded joints . 41
7.4.3 Examination and testing of welds . 42
7.4.4 Temporary attachments . 42
7.5 Manufacturing tolerances . 42
7.5.1 Plate alignment . 42
7.5.2 Defects of form . 43
7.5.3 Thickness . 43
7.5.4 Dished ends . 43
7.5.5 Cylindrical sections . 43
8 Repairs . 44
8.1 General . 44
8.2 Repair of surface defects in the parent metal . 44
8.3 Repair of weld defects . 44
Annex A (informative) Sample calculation for tank containers according to
RID/ADR Chapter 6.8. 45
A.1 Introduction . 45
A.2 Dimensions, characteristics of materials, operating and testing conditions. 45
A.3 Calculation according to branch A . 46
A.4 Calculation according to branch B . 47
A.5 Calculation according to branch C . 47
A.6 Calculation according to branch D . 49
A.7 Results . 58
Annex B (informative) Explosion pressure shock resistant design of tanks . 60
Bibliography . 62
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European foreword
This document (prEN 14025:2022) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 296 “Tanks for
the transport of dangerous goods”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 14025:2018.
This document will be submitted for reference in
— the RID and
— the technical annexes of the ADR
NOTE: These regulations take precedence over any clause of this standard. It is emphasized that RID/ADR are
being revised regularly at intervals of two years which may lead to temporary non-compliances with the clauses of
this document.
Compared with EN 14025:2018 the following significant changes apply:
a) change of the Scope;
b) Normative references were updated;
c) references regarding RID/ADR were updated according to the drafting rules for standard candidates;
d) modification of RID/ADR reference in the 2nd paragraph of the Scope;
e) a paragraph regarding material characteristics was added to 4.1;
f) a paragraph regarding coatings was added to 6.1.1;
g) a note regarding liquefied and compressed gases was added to 6.1.2;
h) a note was added to 6.3.3.4.2;
i) Figure 8 and corresponding subfigures were changed;
j) Formula (37) was adjusted in 6.3.5.2.6;
k) 6.3.5.2.7 has been updated;
l) the value of the diameter of openings was changed in 6.3.5.3.3;
m) 6.5 was updated;
n) the calculations in Annex A were updated;
o) Figure A.1 was changed according to the new calculations with the changed value of E;
p) the value of E was changed in A.2;
q) the welds in Figure A.2 were deleted;
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r) modification of the symbol for the pressure in A.6.4.2;
s) B.2 was updated
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1 Scope
This document specifies the minimum requirements for the design and construction of metallic pressure
tanks for the transport of dangerous goods by road and rail and sea. It is not applicable to gravity-
discharge tanks according to RID/ADR 6.8.2.1.14 (a). This document includes requirements for openings,
closures and structural equipment; it does not cover requirements of service equipment. For tanks for
the transport of cryogenic liquids, EN 13530-1 and EN 13530-2 apply.
NOTE: For the Design and construction of pressure tanks according to the Scope of this document conforming to
the requirements of RID/ADR see Subsections 6.8.2.1, 6.8.3.1 and 6.8.5, as well as Table A, columns 12 and 13, to
Chapters 3.2, 4.3 and Subsection 6.8.2.4 of ADR, as relevant. For the structural equipment conforming to the
requirements of RID/ADR see Subsections 6.8.2.2 and 6.8.3.2, as relevant. The definitions of RID/ADR,
Subsection 1.2.1, are referred to. For portable tanks see also RID/ADR, Chapter 4.2 and Sections 6.7.2 and 6.7.3, as
well as Table A, Columns 10 and 11 to Chapters 3.2, 4.2, and Sections 6.7.2 and 6.7.3. The paragraph numbers above
relate to the 2021 issue of RID/ADR which are subject to regular revisions. This can lead to temporary non-
compliances with EN 14025.
This document is applicable to liquefied gases including LPG; however for a dedicated LPG standard
see EN 12493.
If not otherwise specified, provisions which take up the whole width of the page apply to all kind of tanks.
Provisions contained in a single column apply only to:
tanks according to RID/ADR Chapter 6.8 (left- portable tanks according to RID/ADR Chapter 6.7
hand column); (right-hand column).
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 1591-1, Flanges and their joints - Design rules for gasketed circular flange connections - Part 1:
Calculation
EN 12972, Tanks for transport of dangerous goods - Testing, inspection and marking of metallic tanks
EN 13094:2020, Tanks for the transport of dangerous goods - Metallic gravity-discharge tanks - Design and
construction
EN 13445-2, Unfired pressure vessels - Part 2: Materials
EN 13445-3:2021, Unfired pressure vessels – Part 3: Design
EN 13445-4, Unfired pressure vessels - Part 4: Fabrication
EN 13445-8, Unfired pressure vessels - Part 8: Additional requirements for pressure vessels of aluminium
and aluminium alloys
EN ISO 3834-1, Quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials - Part 1: Criteria for the
selection of the appropriate level of quality requirements (ISO 3834-1)
EN ISO 3834-2, Quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials - Part 2: Comprehensive
quality requirements (ISO 3834-2)
EN ISO 9606-1, Qualification testing of welders - Fusion welding - Part 1: Steels (ISO 9606-1)
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EN ISO 9606-2, Qualification test of welders - Fusion welding - Part 2: Aluminium and aluminium alloys (ISO
9606-2)
EN ISO 14732, Welding personnel - Qualification testing of welding operators and weld setters for
mechanized and automatic welding of metallic materials (ISO 14732)
EN ISO 15607, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials - General rules
(ISO 15607)
EN ISO 15609-1, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials - Welding
procedure specification - Part 1: Arc welding (ISO 15609-1)
EN ISO 15609-3, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials - Welding
procedures specification - Part 3: Electron beam welding (ISO 15609-3)
EN ISO 15609-4, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials - Welding
procedure specification - Part 4: Laser beam welding (ISO 15609-4)
EN ISO 15613, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials - Qualification
based on pre-production welding test (ISO 15613)
EN ISO 15614-1, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials - Welding
procedure test - Part 1: Arc and gas welding of steels and arc welding of nickel and nickel alloys (ISO 15614-
1)
EN ISO 15614-2, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials - Welding
procedure test - Part 2: Arc welding of aluminium and its alloys (ISO 15614-2)
ISO 1496-3, Series 1 freight containers — Specification and testing — Part 3: Tank containers for liquids,
gases and pressurized dry bulk
ISO 7005-1, Pipe flanges — Part 1: Steel flanges for industrial and general service piping systems
3 Terms, definitions and symbols
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1.1
pressure tank
tank as defined in the international regulations for the transport of dangerous goods by road or rail
having a maximum working pressure exceeding 50 kPa (0,5 bar)
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3.2 Symbols
The following general symbols are used throughout the text. They are listed in alphabetical order and
special symbols are explained with the relevant formulae. Additional symbols used in the text are
explained in:
RID/ADR Chapter 6.8 RID/ADR Chapter 6.7
A minimum elongation at fracture of the metal chosen under tensile stress in %
1
d inside diameter of an opening
i
D internal diameter of shell in mm
D mean diameter of the cylindrical part of the tank at the junction of a cone
c
D outside diameter of the cylindrical part of the tank or the straight flange of the dished end
e
D inside diameter of the cylindrical part of D diameter of the shell (in m), but not less
i i
the tank or the straight flange of dished than 1,80 m
end
e minimum required wall thickness (in mm) of the shell
1
e
0 minimum shell thickness for mild steel in millimetres ,
e minimum shell thickness for the metal chosen in mm
1
e wall thickness of a conical part of a shell
k
e wall thickness of a hemispherical end
R
E Young's modulus
f nominal design stress (allowable stress)
d
h inside height of an ellipsoidal dished end
K shape factor of ellipsoidal ends
MWP maximum working pressure, in MPa MAWP maximum allowable working pressure,
in MPa
p design pressure, in MPa P design pressure, in MPa
p equivalent dynamic pressure
dyn
p test pressure, in MPa
test
p vapour pressure at 50 °C or at the P vapour pressure of the substance at
vap vap1
design temperature, whichever is the 65 °C (according to RID/ADR,
higher; to be taken as the numerical Subsection 6.7.2.1)
value of the absolute pressure
P vapour pressure of the non-
vap2
refrigerated liquefied gas depends on
the portable tank type (according to
RID/ADR, Subsection 6.7.3.1)
P calculation pressure in MPa as specified in RID/ADR, Subsection 6.8.2.1.14
c
1
See RID/ADR, Subsections 6.8.2.1.18 and 6.8.2.1.19
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P test pressure in MPa
T
r inner knuckle radius, in mm
R inside spherical radius of the central part of a torispherical end
R guaranteed (upper) minimum yield strength or guaranteed minimum 0,2 % proof strength,
e
2
in N/mm (for austenitic steel the 1 % proof strength may be chosen)
Re,t guaranteed (upper) minimum yield strength or guaranteed minimum 0,2 % proof strength,
2
(for austenitic steel the 1 % proof strength at
at the relevant design temperature, in N/mm
the relevant design temperature may be chosen)
2
R guaranteed minimum tensile strength, in N/mm
m
2
R minimum tensile strength of the metal chosen in N/mm
m1
2
R guaranteed minimum tensile strength at the relevant design temperature, in N/mm
m,t
2
σ permissible stress in N/mm , as defined in RID/ADR, Subsection 6.8.2.1.16
S safety factor
λ welding coefficient
4 Materials
4.1 General
The tank shell shall be fabricated from metallic materials which shall be resistant to brittle fracture and
of adequate impact strength within the design temperature range. The material shall be suitable for
forming.
EN 13445-2 and EN 13445-8 apply, whilst the minimum material requirements given in RID/ADR,
Chapter 6.8 and Chapter 6.7, are fulfilled.
Material characteristics shall be certified or attested as defined in Clause 7.1.3 even in temperature where
needed. This includes the usage of 15 % increased strength values when using austenitic steels.
Aluminium may only be used for the shells of
portable tanks when indicated in a portable tank
special provision assigned to a specific substance
in RID/ADR, Chapter 3.2, Table A, Column 11 or
when approved by the competent authority.
NOTE For aluminium and aluminium alloys, see also EN 14286.
RID/ADR restrict the use of materials with respect to the maximum yield and tensile strength of fine-
grained steel for welded shells, maximum ratios of yield/tensile strength for welded steel shells and of
the minimum elongation at fracture for welded fine- grained other steel and aluminium shells. Welded
shells shall be fabricated from a material which has been shown to have acceptable welding
characteristics.
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4.2 Compatibility
Shells, fittings, equipment and pipework which are in contact with the substance(s) intended to be carried
shall be constructed from materials which are:
a) substantially immune to attack by the substance(s) intended to be transported; or
b) properly passivated or neutralized by chemical reaction; or
c) lined with corrosion-resistant material directly bonded to the shell or attached by equivalent means.
For further information on material properties see
RID/ADR, Subsection 6.8.2.1.9 RID/ADR, Subsections 6.7.2.2 and 6.7.3.2
Gaskets shall be made of materials not subject to attack by the substances intended to be transported.
The materials of the tank, including any devices, gaskets, linings and accessories, shall not adversely affect
the substances intended to be transported in the tank.
Guidelines on material specifications in relation to the substances to be transported may be taken from
EN 12285-1:2003, Annex B.
5 Design
5.1 General
Tanks shall be designed to withstand without loss of contents the:
1) operating conditions including static and dynamic forces in normal conditions of carriage. In
addition, the design of portable tanks shall account for the effects of fatigue, caused by repeated
application of these loads through the expected life of the portable tank;
2) test conditions;
3) explosion-pressure-shock resistant condition (if required) (see Annex B);
under consideration of Clause 6.
If sudden temperature differences are to be expected during filling or discharge of the tank the buckling
effect of one sided expansion or contraction should be taken into account.
5.2 Minimum shell thickness
The shell thickness will not be less than that given in:
RID/ADR, Subsections 6.8.2.1.17 to 6.8.2.1.18, RID/ADR, Subsections 6.7.2.4 or 6.7.3.4,
see Figure 1 of this standard see Figure 2 of this standard
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5.3 Reduction of shell thickness
The reduction of the minimum shell thickness When additional protection against shell damage
(see Figure 1) is allowed if protection of the shell is provided as described in 5.4, portable tanks
against damage through lateral impact or with test pressure less than 2,65 bar may have the
overturning is provided (see 5.4 and RID/ADR, minimum shell thickness reduced, in proportion
Subsections 6.8.2.1.19 to 6.8.2.1.20 and 6.8.2.1.21 to the protection provided (see RID/ADR,
respectively) whilst the minimum requirements Subsections 6.7.2.4.3 to 6.7.2.4.5).
given in RID/ADR, Subsection 6.8.2.1.17 are met.
For shells of tanks according to RID no reduction
of the minimum wall thickness due to protection
is allowed.
5.4 Protection of the shell
5.4.1 When required by 5.3 shells of:
tank containers portable tanks
are protected against damage if one of the following measures is provided:
— structure, in which the shell is supported by a complete skeleton including longitudinal and
transverse structural members. This structure shall conform to the requirements of I
...
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