CEN/TR 17544:2020
(Main)Automotive fuels - Report on studies done on cold soak filter blocking tendency (CS-FBT) on fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) as blend component for diesel fuel, and of diesel fuel containing up to 30 % (V/V) of FAME
Automotive fuels - Report on studies done on cold soak filter blocking tendency (CS-FBT) on fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) as blend component for diesel fuel, and of diesel fuel containing up to 30 % (V/V) of FAME
This document describes the studies executed to develop a method to analyse the filter blocking tendency after a cold soak step of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) as a blend component for diesel and of diesel fuel containing up to 30 % (V/V) of FAME, respectively.
Kraftstoffe - Bericht über Studien zur cold soak filter blocking tendency (CS-FBT) an Fettsäuremethylester (FAME) als Mischkomponente für Dieselkraftstoff und Dieselkraftstoff, der bis zu 30% (V / V) FAME enthält
Carburants pour automobile - Rapport sur les études relatives à la tendance au colmatage de filtre après macération à froid d'ester méthylique d'acides gras (EMAG) comme composant pour le gazole et de gazole contenant jusqu'à 30 % (V/V) d'EMAG
Goriva za motorna vozila - Poročilo o študijah o nagnjenosti k blokiranju filtra za hladno vlaženje (CS-FBT) metilnega estra maščobnih kislin (FAME) kot mešanice za dizelsko gorivo in o dizelskem gorivu, ki vsebuje do 30 % (V/V) FAME
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-december-2020
Goriva za motorna vozila - Poročilo o študijah o nagnjenosti k blokiranju filtra za
hladno vlaženje (CS-FBT) metilnega estra maščobnih kislin (FAME) kot mešanice
za dizelsko gorivo in o dizelskem gorivu, ki vsebuje do 30 % (V/V) FAME
Automotive fuels – Report on studies done on cold soak filter blocking tendency (CS-
FBT) on fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) as blend component for diesel fuel, and of diesel
fuel containing up to 30 % (V/V) of FAME
Kraftstoffe - Bericht über Studien zur cold soak filter blocking tendency (CS-FBT) an
Fettsäuremethylester (FAME) als Mischkomponente für Dieselkraftstoff und
Dieselkraftstoff, der bis zu 30% (V / V) FAME enthält
Carburants pour automobile Rapport sur les études relatives à la tendance au
colmatage de filtre après macération à froid dester méthylique dacides gras (EMAG)
comme composant pour le gazole et de gazole contenant jusquà 30% (V/V) dEMAG
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TR 17544:2020
ICS:
75.160.20 Tekoča goriva Liquid fuels
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
CEN/TR 17544
TECHNICAL REPORT
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE
September 2020
TECHNISCHER BERICHT
ICS 75.160.20
English Version
Automotive fuels - Report on studies done on cold soak
filter blocking tendency (CS-FBT) on fatty acid methyl
ester (FAME) as blend component for diesel fuel, and of
diesel fuel containing up to 30 % (V/V) of FAME
Carburants pour automobile - Rapport sur les études Kraftstoffe - Bericht über Studien zur cold soak filter
relatives à la tendance au colmatage de filtre après blocking tendency (CS-FBT) an Fettsäuremethylester
macération à froid d'ester méthylique d'acides gras (FAME) als Mischkomponente für Dieselkraftstoff und
(EMAG) comme composant pour le gazole et de gazole Dieselkraftstoff, der bis zu 30% (V / V) FAME enthält
contenant jusqu'à 30 % (V/V) d'EMAG
This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 7 September 2020. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 19.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIO N
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUN G
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2020 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TR 17544:2020 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 2
Introduction . 3
1 Scope . 4
2 Normative references . 4
3 Terms and definitions . 4
4 Filter blocking tendency of diesel fuels and FAME . 4
4.1 Evolution of diesel fuels and FAME composition . 4
4.2 Detail of field issues . 5
4.3 FBT test development . 5
5 CS-FBT studies . 5
5.1 General . 5
5.2 Ruggedness studies – 2011 - 2013. 6
5.3 Studies on parameter impacts . 11
5.4 Comparison FAME data vs results with CS-FBT . 14
6 Comparison of CS-FBT with C-FBT . 16
6.1 General . 16
6.2 Comparison study CS-FBT/C-FBT– 2017 . 16
7 Conclusion and perspectives on filter blocking tendency . 18
Annex A (informative) Description of the different methods . 19
Annex B (informative) Ruggedness study 2011– detailed results . 20
B.1 Overview of mini ILS . 20
B.2 Overview of the results set . 21
B.3 Overview of the statistical analysis . 21
Annex C (normative) Working draft . 24
Annex D (informative) Ruggedness study 2013– detailed results . 31
D.1 Preliminary works . 31
D.2 Ruggedness study 2013 . 31
D.3 Results assessment . 34
Annex E (informative) CS-FBT for FAME – detailed results . 37
Bibliography . 38
European foreword
This document (CEN/TR 17544:2020) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 19 “Gaseous
and liquid fuels, lubricants and related products of petroleum, synthetic and biological origin”, the
secretariat of which is held by NEN.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Introduction
[1]
As reported in CEN/TR 16982 , during recent past winters, a wide range of vehicles has been affected in
specific European countries and there are possible links with fatty acid methyl esters (FAME)
composition, base diesel quality, cold flow additives and oxidation stability effects. In order to solve these
issues, some countries have introduced new additional requirements in their national specifications or
“best practice” market agreements.
In the UK, developments around the Filter Blocking Tendency test (FBT) has been engaged and in
[2]
particular a variant of the IP 387 with a Cold Soak step (CS-FBT). This work has been exchanged with
CEN/TC19 and the CEN/TC19/WG31 has started several studies in order to evaluate the interest of using
this method for neat FAME and diesel fuels containing up to 30 % (V/V) of FAME.
This document reports the content of these studies.
1 Scope
This document describes the studies executed to develop a method to analyse the filter blocking tendency
after a cold soak step of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) as a blend component for diesel and of diesel fuel
containing up to 30 % (V/V) of FAME, respectively.
NOTE For the purposes of this document, the term “% (V/V)” is used to represent the volume fraction, φ.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1
filter blocking tendency
FBT
dimensionless value that defines the filter blocking tendency of a fuel caused by particulates
Note 1 to entry: The value is calculated using the pressure or volume attained at the end of the test. Depending on
[2]
the outcome of the test, two different equations are applied (see IP 387 , Clause 9 for the calculation of the FBT
value).
[SOURCE: IP 387]
3.2
cold soak
CS
exposure of the test portion to a constant reduced temperature for a period of time
[3]
[SOURCE: IP PM-EA ]
3.3
cold soak filter blocking tendency
CS-FBT
variant of an FBT determination which includes a cold soak step before testing the sample
4 Filter blocking tendency of diesel fuels and FAME
4.1 Evolution of diesel fuels and FAME composition
In recent years diesel fuels have become more complex as FAME, hydrotreated vegetable oils (HVO), Gas-
To-Liquid (GTL), etc. have been increasingly introduced into diesel blends. FAME has evolved from its
origins as RME (Rapeseed Methyl Ester) into a wide variety of sources including animal sourced (TME -
Tallow Methyl Ester) and used cooking oil (UCOME – Used Cooking Oil Methyl Ester). These changes to
fuel composition are considered to have a possible impact to the Filter Blocking Tendency of the fuel.
4.2 Detail of field issues
The detail of field issues in different areas in Europe are well documented in CEN/TR 16982. This report
includes also several works engaged in different countries to understand those field issues among which
[4]
the development of FBT test and variants including the CS-FBT and the Cold FBT (C-FBT, IP 618 ).
4.3 FBT test development
[5] [6]
As described in CEN/TR 16884 , the FBT test (IP 387, ASTM D2068 ) was originally developed as the
“Navy Rig Test” in the 1980s by the UK Ministry of Defence (National Gas Turbine Establishment) to
predict operability of warships after the Falklands War. Warship filters were being blocked by rust, sand,
microbiological growth and insoluble gums, and a need was identified to develop a lab test with a direct
correlation to filter blocking of filter/coalescer elements. The test was later standardized as IP 387
following a Ministry of Defence request to establish test precision. The NATO F-76 naval distillate fuel
specification contains a requirement for FBT, and in Australia and New Zealand, legislation requires that
diesel fuel shall meet a maximum FBT limit.
Today, the FBT test is used to determine the filterability of middle distillate fuels, biofuels such as FAME
and diesel / biofuel blends. This method is not necessarily a cold flow test, however it has been found to
be effective at detecting poorly blended MDFI additives and is sensitive to a number of other solid
contaminants that can be found in modern diesel fuels. The filter pore size is also representative of
modern diesel vehicle fuel filter technology.
For the Filter Blocking Tendency Test, a 300 ml sample portion of the fuel is passed at a constant flow
rate of 20 ml/min through a specified filter medium. There are several different procedures contained
within the FBT test method. In Procedures A and B a 13 mm diameter, 1,6 µm glass fibre filter is used;
whereas in Procedure C a 22 mm diameter, 5 µm nylon filter is used. The pressure difference across the
filter and the volume of fuel passing through the filter are monitored until the pressure reaches 105 kPa
or the volume of fuel passing through the filter medium reaches 300 ml, at which point the test is
terminated.
[7] [8] [9]
Cold flow tests such as Cloud Point (CP) , Cold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP) and Pour Point (PP) are
designed to detect and test the impact of paraffin wax deposition once a distillate fuel reaches and drops
below its cloud point. The field issues mentioned in 4.2 were encountered at temperatures above the CP
of the fuel.
The FBT test was developed to detect potential filter blocking above the cloud point of the fuel. It’s
important to note that it should not be used at, or below, the cloud point.
5 CS-FBT studies
5.1 General
[3]
The CS-FBT is a variant of FBT test developed by Energy Institute (IP PM-EA ). The CS-FBT test adopts
a low temperature sample pre-conditioning step which involves cold soaking the fuel sample for 16 h to
accelerate the precipitation of the insoluble impurities, before allowing the fuel to warm to ambient
temperature and performing a filtration step identical to the FBT test. By allowing the sample to warm to
ambient temperature after the cold soak, the test only measures those impurities that do not re-dissolve
easily after they have formed.
Using the FBT test only may not detect impurities such as saturated monoglycerides (SMG) and sterol
glucosides (SG) which only manifest themselves at lower temperatures, but above the cloud point of the
fuel. Therefore, a “cold” version of IP 387 wa
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.