CEN/TR 15310-1:2006

Characterization of waste - Sampling of waste materials - Part 1: Guidance on selection and application of criteria for sampling under various conditions

This Technical Report discusses the statistical principles of sampling, and provides a number of statistical tools to assist in the design of testing programmes for application to sampling under various conditions.
NOTE 1   Given the great variety of waste types, sampling situations and objectives, this Technical Report cannot provide definitive instructions that cover all scenarios. Instead, it discusses the basic statistical approach to be followed, and provides statistical tools that can be applied to determine the amount and type of sampling (e.g. number of samples and sample size) in any given situation to achieve results of adequate reliability (i.e. precision and confidence).
NOTE 2   The document provides considerable detail on current best practice, but is not exhaustive.
NOTE 3   To clarify the text, the document provides a number of worked examples.

Charakterisierung von Abfall - Probenahme - Teil 1: Richtlinien zur Auswahl und Anwendung von Kriterien für die Probenahme unter verschiedenen Bedingungen

Caractérisation des déchets - Prélèvement des déchets - Partie 1 : Guide relatif au choix et à l'application des critères d'échantillonnage dans diverses conditions

Le présent Rapport Technique traite des principes statistiques de l’échantillonnage et propose un certain nombre d’outils statistiques aidant à la conception de programmes d’essai destinés à être appliqués à un échantillonnage dans diverses conditions.
NOTE 1   En raison de la grande diversité des types de déchets, des situations d’échantillonnage et des objectifs, le présent document ne peut pas fournir des instructions définitives couvrant tous les scénarios. Il décrit plutôt l’approche statistique fondamentale à adopter et il propose des outils statistiques qui peuvent être utilisés pour déterminer la quantité et le type de l’échantillonnage (par exemple le nombre d’échantillons et leur taille) dans une situation donnée quelconque afin d’obtenir des résultats présentant une fiabilité adéquate (c’est-à-dire fidélité et niveau de confiance).
NOTE 2   Le document est très détaillé en ce qui concerne les bonnes pratiques actuelles mais il n’est pas exhaustif.
NOTE 3   Afin d’aider à la compréhension du texte, le document comporte un certain nombre d’exemples traités.

Karakterizacija odpadkov - Vzorčenje odpadkov - 1. del: Navodilo za izbiro in uporabo kriterijev za vzorčenje pri različnih pogojih

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 21-Nov-2006
• ICS: 13.030.10 - Solid wastes
• ICS: 13.030.20 - Liquid wastes. Sludge
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 444 - Environmental characterization
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 444/WG 7 - Sampling
• Current Stage: 6060 - Definitive text made available (DAV) - Publishing
• Start Date: 22-Nov-2006
• Completion Date: 22-Nov-2006
• Directive: 99/31/EC - Landfill of waste
• Mandate: M/326 - Standardization mandate to CEN for the development of standardized methods for the characterization of waste
• Ref Project: SIST-TP CEN/TR 15310-1:2007 - Characterization of waste - Sampling of waste materials - Part 1: Guidance on selection and application of criteria for sampling under various conditions

Relations

• Child: CEN/TR 15310-3:2006 - Characterization of waste - Sampling of waste materials - Part 3: Guidance on procedures for sub-sampling in the field
• Effective Date: 22-Dec-2008
• Child: CEN/TR 15310-2:2006 - Characterization of waste - Sampling of waste materials - Part 2: Guidance on sampling techniques
• Effective Date: 22-Dec-2008
• Child: CEN/TR 15310-4:2006 - Characterization of waste - Sampling of waste materials - Part 4: Guidance on procedures for sample packaging, storage, preservation, transport and delivery
• Effective Date: 22-Dec-2008

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-april-2007
.DUDNWHUL]DFLMDRGSDGNRY9]RUþHQMHRGSDGNRYGHO1DYRGLOR]DL]ELURLQ
XSRUDERNULWHULMHY]DY]RUþHQMHSULUD]OLþQLKSRJRMLK
Characterization of waste - Sampling of waste materials - Part 1: Guidance on selection
and application of criteria for sampling under various conditions
Charakterisierung von Abfall - Probenahme - Teil 1: Richtlinien zur Auswahl und
Anwendung von Kriterien für die Probenahme unter verschiedenen Bedingungen
Caractérisation des déchets - Prélevement des déchets - Partie 1 : Guide relatif au choix
et a l'application des criteres d'échantillonnage dans diverses conditions
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TR 15310-1:2006
ICS:
13.030.10 Trdni odpadki Solid wastes
13.030.20 7HNRþLRGSDGNL%ODWR Liquid wastes. Sludge
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

TECHNICAL REPORT
CEN/TR 15310-1
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHER BERICHT
November 2006
ICS 13.030.10; 13.030.20
English Version
Characterization of waste - Sampling of waste materials - Part 1:
Guidance on selection and application of criteria for sampling
under various conditions
Caractérisation des déchets - Prélèvement des déchets - Charakterisierung von Abfall - Probenahme - Teil 1:
Partie 1 : Guide relatif au choix et à l'application des Richtlinien zur Auswahl und Anwendung von Kriterien für
critères d'échantillonnage dans diverses conditions die Probenahme unter verschiedenen Bedingungen
This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 21 February 2006. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 292.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36  B-1050 Brussels
© 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TR 15310-1:2006: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents
Foreword. 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 7
2 Terms and definitions. 7
3 Specify the objective of the Testing Programme . 12
4 Develop the technical goals from the objective . 13
4.1 General. 13
4.2 Define the population to be sampled. 14
4.2.1 General. 14
4.2.2 Overall population . 14
4.2.3 Population . 14
4.2.4 Sub-population. 14
4.2.5 Examples . 15
4.3 Assess variability. 16
4.3.1 General. 16
4.3.2 Spatial variability . 16
4.3.3 Temporal variability. 17
4.3.4 Random variability. 17
4.4 Select the sampling approach. 17
4.4.1 General. 17
4.4.2 Probabilistic sampling. 18
4.4.3 Judgemental sampling. 18
4.5 Identify the scale. 18
4.6 Choose the required statistical parameter.19
4.7 Choose the desired reliability. 20
4.7.1 General. 20
4.7.2 Precision and Confidence. 20
4.7.3 Errors in the Testing Programme. 20
5 Determine the Practical Instructions . 21
5.1 General. 21
5.2 Sampling pattern. 22
5.2.1 General. 22
5.2.2 Simple random sampling . 23
5.2.3 Stratified random sampling . 23
5.2.4 Systematic sampling . 24
5.2.5 Judgemental sampling. 24
5.3 Determine the increment and sample size (mass / volume). 24
5.3.1 General. 24
5.3.2 Liquids . 25
5.3.3 Powders and sludges. 25
5.3.4 Particulate / granular materials . 25
5.4 The use of composite versus individual samples. 26
5.5 Determine the required number of increments and samples. 26
6 Define the Sampling Plan. 27
Annex A The scale . 28
A.1 Scale. 28
A.2 Fundamental variability. 32
Annex B Statistical methods for characterising a population . 33
B.1 Terms and Definitions . 33
B.2 Probability distributions .35
B.3 Statistical parameters .37
Annex C Calculating the required numbers of increments and samples.43
C.1 Notation .43
C.2 Estimating a mean concentration.43
C.3 Estimating a standard deviation .46
C.4 Estimating a percentile .47
C.5 Estimating a percentage compliance with a given limit.48
Annex D Minimum increment and sample size (mass / volume).49
D.1 Estimation of increment and sample size.49
D.2 Determination of the number of increments and/or samples .51
D.3 Calculation of the actual increment and/or sample size .51
Annex E Example sampling scenarios.53
E.1 Sampling scenarios.53
E.2 Example 1: Waste producer to carry out a basic characterisation on the concentration of
6+
Cr in a waste liquid during discharge to the on-site lagoon .57
E.3 Example 2: Waste producer to undertake a regular compliance testing programme to check
conformance with data obtained from the basic characterisation.59
E.4 Example 3: Regulator to undertake an on-site verification of supernatant liquid in the
hazardous waste lagoon.61
E.5 Example 4: Waste producer to carry out a basic characterisation on the concentration of
Cr6+ in a waste liquid held in drum storage at the factory, for disposal purposes .63
E.6 Example 5: Waste producer to carry out a compliance testing of the Cr6+ concentration of
waste liquid held in drums prior to disposal, against a permitted mean limit of 100 mg/l .65
E.7 Example 6: Carrier or Disposal company to carry out an on-site verification of drums
containing Cr-contaminated liquid sludge prior to treatment .67
E.8 Example 7: Carrier or Disposal Company to carry out an on-site verification of the contents
of tankers containing Cr6+ contaminated liquid sludge prior to treatment .68
E.9 Example 8: Treatment plant operator applying basic characterisation to identify variability of
Cr6+ in a treated waste using a two-step leaching test at LS 2 and LS 8.70
E.10 Example 9: Treatment plant operator to perform compliance testing to determine whether
the treated hazardous waste complies with a limit determined on the basis of the basic
characterisation, using a combined one-step leaching test at LS10 .72
E.11 Example 10: On-site verification.74
E.12 Example 11: Compliance testing .74
E.13 Example 12: On-site verification.74
E.14 Example 13: On-site verification.75
E.15 Example 14: Basic characterisation .75
Bibliography.76

Foreword
This Technical Report (CEN/TR 15310-1:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committe
...