EN 12457-4:2002
(Main)Characterisation of waste - Leaching - Compliance test for leaching of granular waste materials and sludges - Part 4: One stage batch test at a liquid to solid ratio of 10 l/kg for materials with particle size below 10 mm (without or with size reduction)
Characterisation of waste - Leaching - Compliance test for leaching of granular waste materials and sludges - Part 4: One stage batch test at a liquid to solid ratio of 10 l/kg for materials with particle size below 10 mm (without or with size reduction)
This part of the European Standard specifies a compliance test providing information on leaching of granular wastes and sludges under the experimental conditions specified hereafter, and particularly a liquid to solid ratio of 10 l/kg dry matter. It applies to waste which has a particle size below 10 mm without or with limited size reduction. Note: In some cases, it could be useful to test the material with coarser particles up to 40 mm in diameter: This requires a larger amount for material and liquid.
Charakterisierung von Abfällen - Auslaugung - Übereinstimmungsuntersuchung für die Auslaugung von körnigen Abfällen und Schlämmen - Teil 4: Einstufiges Schüttelverfahren mit einem Flüssigkeits-/Feststoffverhältnis von 10 l/kg für Materialen mit einer Korngröße unter 10 mm (ohne oder mit Korngrößereduzierung)
Dieser Teil der Europäischen Norm legt eine Übereinstimmungsuntersuchung fest, die Informationen zur Auslau-gung von körnigen Abfällen und Schlämmen unter den im Weiteren genannten experimentellen Bedingungen und insbesondere bei einem Flüssigkeits-/Feststoffverhältnis von 10 l/kg Trockenmasse liefert. Er gilt für Abfälle mit einer Korngröße unter 10 mm ohne oder mit Korngrößenreduzierung (wie in 4.3.2 angegeben).
ANMERKUNG 1 In einigen Fällen könnte es von Nutzen sein, das Material, das größere Körner eines Durchmessers bis zu 40 mm enthält, zu testen. Dieser Test benötigt eine größere Material- und Flüssigkeitsmenge.
Diese Europäische Norm wurde erstellt, um vorwiegend anorganische Bestandteile von Abfällen zu untersuchen. Sie berücksichtigt weder die besonderen Eigenschaften von nichtpolaren organischen Bestandteilen noch die Folgen von mikrobiologischen Prozessen in organischen abbaubaren Abfällen.
Durch das in der vorliegenden Norm beschriebene Prüfverfahren wird ein Eluat hergestellt, das anschließend physikalisch und chemisch nach den entsprechenden Standardmethoden charakterisiert wird.
ANMERKUNG 2 Dieses Verfahren kann nicht für Materialien mit einem Wassergehalt oder Wasseraufnahmevermögen angewendet werden, die eine gute Durchmischung des Feststoffes mit der vorher bestimmten Menge der Flüssigkeit nicht ermöglichen.
ANMERKUNG 3 Dieses Verfahren kann nicht für Materialien angewendet werden, die mit dem Auslaugungsmittel reagieren, was z. B. zu starken Gasemissionen, einer Verfestigungswirkung oder einer übermäßigen Wärmefreisetzung führen kann.
ANMERKUNG 4 Durch das Zerkleinern von Abfall werden neue Oberflächen freigesetzt, was zu einer Veränderung der Auslaugungseigenschaften führen kann.
Dieses Prüfverfahren ist allein nicht ausreichend, um für die Bestimmung des Auslaugungsverhaltens von Abfall, wie in ENV 12920:1998 festgelegt, verwendet zu werden.
Diese Europäische Norm befasst sich nicht mit sicherheitstechnischen und gesundheitlichen Bela
Caractérisation des déchets - Lixiviation - Essai de conformté pour la lixiviation des déchets fragmentés et des boues - Partie 4: Essai en bâchée unique avec un rapport liquide/solide de 10 l/kg et une granularité inférieure à 10 mm (sans ou avec réduction de la granularité)
La présente partie de la Norme européenne spécifie un essai de conformité fournissant des informations sur la lixiviation des déchets fragmentés et des boues dans les conditions expérimentales spécifiées ci après, et en particulier un rapport liquide solide de 10 l/kg de matière sèche. Cet essai s'applique aux déchets ayant une granularité inférieure à 10 mm sans ou avec réduction de la granularité (comme spécifié en 4.3.2).
NOTE Dans certains cas, il pourrait être utile d'essayer des matériaux de granularité plus grossière (particules de diamètre allant jusqu'à 40 mm). Il faut pour cela davantage de matériau et davantage de liquide. Dans ce cas particulier, les écarts dans la lixiviation liés à la granularité peuvent être plus prononcés que dans la procédure normale.
La présente Norme européenne a principalement été conçue pour étudier les constituants inorganiques des déchets. Elle ne tient pas compte des caractéristiques particulières des constituants organiques non polaires ni des conséquences de l'évolution microbiologique des déchets organiques dégradables.
Le mode opératoire d'essai spécifié dans la présente Norme européenne permet d'obtenir un éluat qui doit ensuite être caractérisé du point de vue physique et chimique selon des méthodes normalisées appropriées.
NOTE 1 Ce mode opératoire ne peut pas être appliqué aux matières ayant une teneur en eau ou une affinité avec l'eau telle qu'il est impossible de bien mélanger le solide avec la quantité prédéterminée de liquide.
NOTE 2 Ce mode opératoire ne peut pas être appliqué aux matériaux réagissant avec le lixiviant, ce qui donnerait, par exemple, une émission gazeuse excessive, un effet de solidification ou à un dégagement de chaleur trop élevé.
NOTE 3 En fragmentant le matériau, de nouvelles surfaces sont exposées, ce qui peut conduire à un changement des propriétés de lixiviation.
Cet essai ne peut pas, à lui seul, être utilisé pour déterminer le comportement à la lixiviation d'un déchet, comme spéci
Karakterizacija odpadkov - Izluževanje - Preskus skladnosti za izluževanje granuliranih odpadkov in blata - 4. del: Enostopenjski šaržni preskus pri razmerju tekoče/trdno 10 l/kg za materiale z velikostjo delcev pod 10 mm (brez drobljenja ali z njim)
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-januar-2004
.DUDNWHUL]DFLMDRGSDGNRY,]OXåHYDQMH3UHVNXVVNODGQRVWL]DL]OXåHYDQMH
JUDQXOLUDQLKRGSDGNRYLQEODWDGHO (QRVWRSHQMVNLãDUåQLSUHVNXVSULUD]PHUMX
WHNRþHWUGQRONJ]DPDWHULDOH]YHOLNRVWMRGHOFHYSRGPP EUH]GUREOMHQMDDOL
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Characterisation of waste - Leaching - Compliance test for leaching of granular waste
materials and sludges - Part 4: One stage batch test at a liquid to solid ratio of 10 l/kg for
materials with particle size below 10 mm (without or with size reduction)
Charakterisierung von Abfällen - Auslaugung - Übereinstimmungsuntersuchung für die
Auslaugung von körnigen Abfällen und Schlämmen - Teil 4: Einstufiges
Schüttelverfahren mit einem Flüssigkeits-/Feststoffverhältnis von 10 l/kg für Materialen
mit einer Korngröße unter 10 mm (ohne oder mit Korngrößereduzierung)
Caractérisation des déchets - Lixiviation - Essai de conformté pour la lixiviation des
déchets fragmentés et des boues - Partie 4: Essai en bâchée unique avec un rapport
liquide/solide de 10 l/kg et une granularité inférieure a 10 mm (sans ou avec réduction de
la granularité)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 12457-4:2002
ICS:
13.030.10 Trdni odpadki Solid wastes
13.030.20 7HNRþLRGSDGNL%ODWR Liquid wastes. Sludge
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 12457-4
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
September 2002
ICS 13.030.10; 13.030.20
English version
Characterization of waste - Leaching - Compliance test for
leaching of granular waste materials and sludges - Part 4: One
stage batch test at a liquid to solid ratio of 10 l/kg for materials
with particle size below 10 mm (without or with size reduction)
Caractérisation des déchets - Lixiviation - Essai de Charakterisierung von Abfällen - Auslaugung -
conformité pour la lixiviation des déchets fragmentés et des Übereinstimmungsuntersuchung für die Auslaugung von
boues - Partie 4: Essai en bâchée unique avec un rapport körnigen Abfällen und Schlämmen - Teil 4: Einstufiges
liquide/solide de 10 l/kg et une granularité inférieure à 10 Schüttelverfahren mit einem Flüssigkeits-
mm (sans ou avec réduction de la granularité) /Feststoffverhältnis von 10 l/kg für Materialen mit einer
Korngröße unter 10 mm (ohne oder mit
Korngrößereduzierung)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 17 August 2002.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2002 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 12457-4:2002 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents
Foreword.3
Introduction .4
1 Scope .5
2 Normative references .5
3 Terms and definitions.6
4 Compliance test .7
4.1 Principle.7
4.2 Equipment and reagents .7
4.3 Sampling strategy and sample preparation.8
5 Procedure .10
5.1 Testing conditions .10
5.2 Description of the procedure.10
5.3 Further preparation of the eluate for analysis .11
5.4 Blank test for the verification of the leaching procedure .11
6 Calculation.12
7 Documentation and test report.12
7.1 Sample preparation .12
7.2 Production of eluate .13
7.3 Analytical determination .13
7.4 Calculations and blank test information .13
8 Performance characteristics.14
8.1 Objective of the validation .14
8.2 Validation study .14
8.3 Validation results .15
8.4 Summary of the performance characteristics evaluation .17
Annex A (informative) Information on the influence on the test results of the parameters that affect
leaching.19
Annex B (informative) Test for determining whether waste is in the liquid state.21
Annex C (informative) Example of datasheet for EN 12457-4 .22
Annex D (informative) Process map for EN 12457-4.23
Annex E (informative) Example of a specific liquid-solid separation procedure for soil sample.25
Annex ZA Informative National deviation A from France.26
Bibliography .27
Foreword
This document (EN 12457-4:2002) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN /TC 292, "Characterisation of
waste", the secretariat of which is held by NEN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or
by endorsement, at the latest by June 2003, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by
June 2003.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European
Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
This document has been developed primarily to support the requirements for compliance testing within the EU and
EFTA countries.
This document was elaborated on the basis of :
DIN 38414-S4:1984
AFNOR X-31 210:1992
NEN 7343:1992
ÖNORM S 2072:1990
No existing European Standard is superseded by the publication of this European Standard.
Annexes A, B, C, D, E and ZA are informative.
This document includes a Bibliography.
Introduction
In the different European countries, tests have been developed to characterise and assess the constituents which
can be leached from waste materials. The release of soluble constituents upon contact with water is regarded as a
main mechanism of release which results in a potential risk to the environment during the reuse or disposal of
waste materials. The intent of these tests is to identify the leaching properties of waste materials. The complexity of
the leaching process makes simplifications necessary.
Not all of the relevant aspects of leaching behaviour can be addressed in one standard. Tests to characterise
waste materials and their behaviour can generally be divided into three categories :
(1) "Basic Characterisation" tests are used to obtain information on the short and long term leaching
behaviour and characteristics properties of waste materials. Liquid/solid (L/S) ratios, leachant composition,
factors controlling leachability such as pH, redox potential, complexing capacity and physical parameters are
addressed in these tests ;
(2) "Compliance" tests are used to determine whether the waste complies with specific reference values. The
tests focus on key variables and leaching behaviour identified by basic characterisation tests ;
(3) "On-site verification" tests are used as a rapid check to confirm that the waste is the same as that which
has been subjected to the compliance test(s).
The procedures described in this European Standard fall in category 2 : compliance tests.
The four procedures described in the four following European Standards are based on different liquid to solid (L/S)
ratios and different particle sizes because these parameters, among others, play an important role in the leaching
process:
EN 12457-1, One stage batch test at a liquid to solid ratio of 2 l/kg for materials with high solid content and with
particle size below 4 mm (without or with size reduction).
EN 12457-2, One stage batch test at a liquid to solid ratio of 10 l/kg for materials with particle size below 4 mm
(without or with size reduction).
EN 12457-3, Two stage batch test at a liquid to solid ratio of 2 l/kg and 8 l/kg for materials with high solid content
and with particle size below 4 mm (without or with size reduction).
EN 12457-4, One stage batch test at a liquid to solid ratio of 10 l/kg for materials with particle size below 10 mm
(without or with size reduction).
Each part specifies a distinct procedure. The specific features of each part are described in the scope and principle
of each part. For given wastes the results can be different for the different procedures. There are six annexes to
this European Standard giving useful information on the selection of the appropriate procedure, reference
documents and guidance on the limitations of these procedures.
The choice of the procedure depends on the degree and type of information required for compliance testing. This
choice has to be made by the organisation establishing the compliance requirements.
This European Standard specifies a compliance test. For basic characterisation, a methodology for the
determination of the leaching behaviour of waste has been developed within TC 292 and formulated in ENV 12920.
1 Scope
This part of four European Standards specifies a compliance test providing information on leaching of granular
wastes and sludges under the experimental conditions specified hereafter, and particularly a liquid to solid ratio
of 10 l/kg dry matter. It applies to waste which has a particle size below 10 mm without or with size reduction (as
specified in 4.3.2)
NOTE 1 In some cases, it could be useful to test the material with coarser particles up to 40 mm in diameter. This requires a
larger amount for material and liquid. In this particular case, particle size distribution related differences in leaching may be
more pronounced than in the standard procedure.
This European Standard has been developed to investigate mainly inorganic constituents from wastes. It does not
take into account the particular characteristics of non-polar organic constituents nor the consequences of
microbiological processes in organic degradable wastes.
The test procedure specified in this European Standard produces an eluate which shall subsequently be
characterised physically and chemically according to appropriate standard methods.
NOTE 2 This procedure cannot be applicable to mater
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