Automotive fuels - Determination of manganese and iron content in unleaded petrol - Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) method

This European Standard specifies a method based on inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) for the determination of manganese content from about 0,5 mg/l to about 7,5 mg/l and of iron content from about 1,4 mg/l to about 6,0 mg/l in unleaded petrol containing up to 3,7 % (m/m) oxygen.
WARNING - The use of this European Standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this European Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
NOTE 1   Manganese as MMT and iron as ferrocene are added to petrol to increase anti-knock properties.
NOTE 2   Solutions of MMT in petrol are unstable when exposed to light. Low and erratic results are expected if petrol samples are exposed to light prior the analysis.
Iron and manganese contents higher than 6,0 mg/l and 7,5 mg/l respectively may be measured after preliminary dilution of the sample with a suitable solvent. However, the precision has not been established for such a procedure. Further work regarding automotive ethanol (E85) fuel is on-going in CEN.
NOTE 3   For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms "% (m/m)" and "% (V/V)" are used to represent the mass fraction (µ) and the volume fraction (φ) of a material respectively.

Kraftstoffe für Kraftfahrzeuge - Bestimmung des Gehaltes an Mangan und Eisen in unverbleitem Ottokraftstoff - Optische Emissionsspektrometrie mit induktiv gekoppeltem Plasma (ICP OES)

Diese Europäische Norm legt ein Verfahren auf Basis der optischen Emissionsspektrometrie mit induktiv gekoppeltem Plasma (ICP OES, en: inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry) für die Bestimmung des Mangangehaltes im Bereich von etwa 0,5 mg/l bis etwa 7,5 mg/l und des Eisengehaltes im Bereich von etwa 1,4 mg/l bis etwa 6,0 mg/l in unverbleitem Ottokraftstoff mit einem Sauerstoffgehalt von bis zu 3,7 % (m/m) fest.
WARNUNG - Die Anwendung dieser Europäischen Norm kann den Einsatz gefährlicher Stoffe, Arbeitsgänge und Geräte mit sich bringen. Diese Europäische Norm gibt nicht vor, alle mit ihrer Anwendung verbundenen Sicherheitsprobleme anzusprechen. Der Anwender dieser Europäischen Norm ist dafür verantwortlich, vorher angemessene Maßnahmen im Hinblick auf Sicherheit und Gesundheit zu ergreifen und die Anwendbarkeit einschränkender Vorschriften zu ermitteln.
ANMERKUNG 1   Mangan als MMT und Eisen als Ferrocen werden dem Ottokraftstoff zur Verbesserung der Antiklopfeigenschaften zugesetzt.
ANMERKUNG 2   MMT-Lösungen in Ottokraftstoff sind unter Lichteinwirkung instabil. Niedrige und irrige Ergebnisse sind zu erwarten, wenn Ottokraftstoff-Proben vor der Analyse dem Licht ausgesetzt werden.
Eisen- und Mangangehalte höher als 6 mg/l bzw. 7,5 mg/l dürfen nach vorhergehender Verdünnung der Probe mit einem zweckmäßigen Lösemittel gemessen werden. Für dieses Verfahren wurde jedoch keine Präzision bestimmt. Weitere Arbeiten bezüglich Ethanol-Kraftstoff (E85) werden derzeit bei CEN durchgeführt.
ANMERKUNG 3   Für die Zwecke dieser Europäischen Norm wird zur Angabe des Massenanteils (µ) einer Substanz der Ausdruck "% (m/m)" und für den Volumenanteil (...) einer Substanz der Ausdruck "% (V/V)" verwendet.

Carburants pour automobiles - Détermination des teneurs en fer et en manganèse dans les essences sans plomb - Méthode par spectrométrie d'émission optique par plasma à couplage inductif (ICP OES)

La présente Norme européenne spécifie une méthode spectrométrique optique par plasma à couplage inductif (ICP OES) pour la détermination des teneurs en manganèse, de environ 0,5 mg/l à environ 7,5 mg/l, et en fer, de environ 1,4 mg/l à environ 6,0 mg/l dans l’essence sans plomb contenant jusqu’à 3,7 % (m/m) d’oxygène.
AVERTISSEMENT — L'utilisation de la présente Norme peut impliquer l'intervention de produits, d'opérations et d'équipements à caractère dangereux. La présente Norme n'est pas censée aborder tous les problèmes de sécurité concernés par son usage. Il est de la responsabilité de l'utilisateur de consulter et d'établir des règles de sécurité et d'hygiène appropriées et de déterminer l'applicabilité des restrictions réglementaires avant utilisation.
NOTE 1   Le manganèse sous forme de MMT est ajouté à l’essence afin d’en améliorer les propriétés antidétonantes.
NOTE 2   Les solutions de MMT dans l’essence sont instables en cas d’exposition à la lumière. Si les échantillons d’essence sont exposés à la lumière avant l’analyse, les résultats attendus seront trop bas et inconstants.
NOTE 3   Les teneurs en manganèse et en fer supérieures à 7,0 mg/l et 6,0 mg/l, respectivement, peuvent être mesurées après dilution préalable de l’échantillon avec un solvant approprié. Néanmoins la fidélité n’a pas été établie pour cette procédure. Une étude sur les carburants pour automobiles à base d’éthanol (E85) est en cours au CEN.
NOTE 4   Pour les besoins de la présente Norme européenne, les expressions «% (m/m)» et «% (V/V)» représentent respectivement les fractions massiques, µ,  et volumiques, φ, du produit.

Goriva za motorna vozila - Določevanje mangana in železa v neosvinčenem motornem bencinu - Metoda z optično emisijsko spektrometrijo z induktivno sklopljeno plazmo (ICP OES)

Ta evropski standard določa metodo na podlagi optične emisijske spektrometrije z induktivno sklopljeno plazmo (ICP OES) za določevanje vsebnosti mangana od približno 0,5 mg/l do približno 7,5 mg/l in železa od približno 1,4 mg/l do približno 6,0 mg/l v neosvinčenem motornem bencinu, ki vsebuje do 3,7 % (m/m) kisika.
OPOZORILO – Pri uporabi tega standarda so lahko prisotni nevarni materiali, postopki in oprema. Ta evropski standard ne obravnava vseh varnostnih težav, ki se nanašajo na njegovo uporabo. Za vzpostavitev ustreznih varnostnih in zdravstvenih praks ter za določitev uporabnosti regulativnih omejitev pred uporabo je odgovoren uporabnik tega evropskega standarda.
OPOMBA 1: Mangan kot MMT in železo kot ferocen se dodajata bencinu za izboljšanje lastnosti preprečevanja pojavov klenkanja.
OPOMBA 2: Raztopine z MMT v bencinu so nestabilne, če so izpostavljene svetlobi. Nizki in neredni rezultati se pričakujejo, če so vzorci bencina pred analizo izpostavljeni svetlobi.
Vsebnost železa, večja od 6,0 mg/l, in vsebnost mangana, večja od 7,5 mg/l, se lahko izmerita, če je vzorec predhodno razredčen z ustreznim topilom. Vendar natančnost takega postopka ni določena. Odbor CEN izvaja nadaljnje delo v zvezi z etanolom (E85), ki se uporablja kot motorno gorivo.
OPOMBA 3: V tem evropskem standardu sta uporabljeni oznaki % (m/m) in % (V/V), ki predstavljata masni delež (µ) oziroma prostornino (φ) materiala.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
10-Feb-2015
Withdrawal Date
30-Aug-2015
Current Stage
9020 - Submission to 2 Year Review Enquiry - Review Enquiry
Start Date
15-Oct-2025
Completion Date
15-Oct-2025

Relations

Effective Date
18-Feb-2015

Overview

EN 16136:2015 - published by CEN - defines an analytical ICP OES method for the determination of manganese and iron in unleaded petrol. The standard covers manganese in the approximate range 0.5 mg/L to 7.5 mg/L and iron 1.4 mg/L to 6.0 mg/L in petrol containing up to 3.7 % (m/m) oxygen. It specifies sample preparation, solvent and reagent requirements, calibration, instrument setup for organic liquids, quality control and reporting. The document includes safety warnings and notes on additive chemistry (MMT and ferrocene).

Key topics and technical requirements

  • Scope and limits: Target ranges for Mn and Fe in petrol; higher concentrations may be measured after dilution but precision for that procedure is not established.
  • Principle: Sample diluted in a hydrocarbon solvent and introduced directly to an ICP OES plasma; results obtained by comparison with calibrated standards and corrected using an internal standard.
  • Solvent and reagents:
    • Kerosene (boiling range 150–250 °C) and heptane are used; the solvent is prepared by adding 25 mL heptane to 500 mL kerosene.
    • Commercial oil-based manganese and iron standard solutions (e.g., 100 mg/kg) are used to prepare intermediates and calibration solutions.
  • Internal standard: Use of Co, Sc or Y in oil to correct viscosity and vapor-pressure effects during nebulization.
  • Sampling and handling:
    • Follow EN ISO 3170 / EN ISO 3171 for representative sampling.
    • Store samples in clean, opaque containers - MMT solutions are light-sensitive; exposure to light produces unstable, erratic results.
  • Instrumentation:
    • ICP OES configured for organic liquids with suitable nebulizer and feed pump; manufacturers’ instructions must be followed.
    • The standard provides recommended emission wavelengths and procedural calibration/check steps.
  • Quality control: Preparation of a QC solution (0.15 mg/L) from separate standard batches to verify sensitivity and accuracy.

Applications and who uses it

  • Routine fuel quality laboratories performing regulatory compliance testing under the Fuels Quality Directive (FQD).
  • Petroleum refiners, fuel additive manufacturers, test houses and conformity assessment bodies monitoring MMT (manganese) and ferrocene (iron) anti-knock additives.
  • Environmental and forensic labs assessing trace metal contamination in automotive fuels.

Related standards

  • EN ISO 1042 - volumetric flasks
  • EN ISO 3170 / EN ISO 3171 - petroleum sampling (manual and automatic)
  • EN ISO 3675 / EN ISO 12185 - density determination methods

Practical note: follow the safety warning in EN 16136:2015 - the method involves hazardous solvents and high-energy plasma equipment; users must implement appropriate lab safety and regulatory controls.

Frequently Asked Questions

EN 16136:2015 is a standard published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Its full title is "Automotive fuels - Determination of manganese and iron content in unleaded petrol - Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) method". This standard covers: This European Standard specifies a method based on inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) for the determination of manganese content from about 0,5 mg/l to about 7,5 mg/l and of iron content from about 1,4 mg/l to about 6,0 mg/l in unleaded petrol containing up to 3,7 % (m/m) oxygen. WARNING - The use of this European Standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this European Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. NOTE 1 Manganese as MMT and iron as ferrocene are added to petrol to increase anti-knock properties. NOTE 2 Solutions of MMT in petrol are unstable when exposed to light. Low and erratic results are expected if petrol samples are exposed to light prior the analysis. Iron and manganese contents higher than 6,0 mg/l and 7,5 mg/l respectively may be measured after preliminary dilution of the sample with a suitable solvent. However, the precision has not been established for such a procedure. Further work regarding automotive ethanol (E85) fuel is on-going in CEN. NOTE 3 For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms "% (m/m)" and "% (V/V)" are used to represent the mass fraction (µ) and the volume fraction (φ) of a material respectively.

This European Standard specifies a method based on inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) for the determination of manganese content from about 0,5 mg/l to about 7,5 mg/l and of iron content from about 1,4 mg/l to about 6,0 mg/l in unleaded petrol containing up to 3,7 % (m/m) oxygen. WARNING - The use of this European Standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this European Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. NOTE 1 Manganese as MMT and iron as ferrocene are added to petrol to increase anti-knock properties. NOTE 2 Solutions of MMT in petrol are unstable when exposed to light. Low and erratic results are expected if petrol samples are exposed to light prior the analysis. Iron and manganese contents higher than 6,0 mg/l and 7,5 mg/l respectively may be measured after preliminary dilution of the sample with a suitable solvent. However, the precision has not been established for such a procedure. Further work regarding automotive ethanol (E85) fuel is on-going in CEN. NOTE 3 For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms "% (m/m)" and "% (V/V)" are used to represent the mass fraction (µ) and the volume fraction (φ) of a material respectively.

EN 16136:2015 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 71.080.60 - Alcohols. Ethers; 75.160.20 - Liquid fuels. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.

EN 16136:2015 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to EN 16136:2011. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.

EN 16136:2015 is associated with the following European legislation: EU Directives/Regulations: 98/70/EC. When a standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union, products manufactured in conformity with it benefit from a presumption of conformity with the essential requirements of the corresponding EU directive or regulation.

You can purchase EN 16136:2015 directly from iTeh Standards. The document is available in PDF format and is delivered instantly after payment. Add the standard to your cart and complete the secure checkout process. iTeh Standards is an authorized distributor of CEN standards.

Standards Content (Sample)


2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.QþHQHPGXNWLYQRKraftstoffe für Kraftfahrzeuge - Bestimmung des Mangan- und Eisengehaltes in unverbleitem Ottokraftstoff - Optische Emissionsspektrometrie mit induktiv gekoppeltem Plasma (ICP OES)Carburants pour automobiles - Détermination des teneurs en fer et en manganèse dans les essences sans plomb - Méthode spectrométrique optique par plasma à couplage inductif (ICP OES)Automotive fuels - Determination of manganese and iron content in unleaded petrol - Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) method75.160.20Liquid fuels71.040.50Fizikalnokemijske analitske metodePhysicochemical methods of analysisICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 16136:2015SIST EN 16136:2015en,fr,de01-april-2015SIST EN 16136:2015SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 16136:20121DGRPHãþD

EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 16136
February 2015 ICS 71.080.60; 75.160.20 Supersedes EN 16136:2011English Version
Automotive fuels - Determination of manganese and iron content in unleaded petrol - Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) method
Carburants pour automobiles - Détermination des teneurs en fer et en manganèse dans les essences sans plomb - Méthode spectrométrique optique par plasma à couplage inductif (ICP OES)
Kraftstoffe für Kraftfahrzeuge - Bestimmung des Gehaltes an Mangan und Eisen in unverbleitem Ottokraftstoff - Optische Emissionsspektrometrie mit induktiv gekoppeltem Plasma (ICP OES) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 12 December 2014.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 16136:2015 ESIST EN 16136:2015
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The article discusses EN 16136:2015, a European Standard that specifies a method for determining the manganese and iron content in unleaded petrol using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES). The standard covers a range of manganese content from 0.5 mg/l to 7.5 mg/l and iron content from 1.4 mg/l to 6.0 mg/l in unleaded petrol with up to 3.7% oxygen content. It warns about the potential hazards associated with using this standard and advises users to establish appropriate safety measures. The article also notes that manganese and iron are added to petrol to increase anti-knock properties, and that solutions of MMT in petrol are unstable when exposed to light. Samples that have been exposed to light prior to analysis may yield low and erratic results. If iron and manganese contents exceed the specified range, the sample may need to be diluted with a suitable solvent, although the precision of this procedure has not been established. The article concludes by mentioning that further work is being done to address automotive ethanol (E85) fuel in CEN. Lastly, the terms "% (m/m)" and "% (V/V)" are used in the standard to represent mass fraction and volume fraction, respectively.

記事タイトル:EN 16136:2015 - 自動車用燃料 - 非鉛ガソリン中のマンガンおよび鉄分の定量 - プラズマ発光分析法(ICP OES)による方法 記事の内容:この欧州規格は、非鉛ガソリン中のマンガンおよび鉄分の定量を行うためのプラズマ発光分析法(ICP OES)に基づく方法を定めています。非鉛ガソリン(酸素含有率最大3.7%(m/m))中のマンガン含有量は0.5mg/lから7.5mg/l程度、鉄含有量は1.4mg/lから6.0mg/l程度を対象としています。 警告 - この欧州規格の使用には、有害物質、作業および装置が関わる場合があります。この欧州規格は、その使用に関連するすべての安全上の問題に対処することを目的とはしていません。この欧州規格の使用者は、適切な安全衛生対策を確立し、使用前に規制上の制限の適用可能性を判断する責任があります。 注1 - マンガンはMMT、鉄はフェロセンとしてガソリンに添加され、ノック耐性を向上させます。 注2 - MMTを含むガソリンの溶液は光にさらされると安定性が低下します。分析前に光にさらされたガソリンサンプルでは低くばらついた結果が予想されます。 6.0mg/l以上の鉄分および7.5mg/l以上のマンガン分は、適切な溶媒で試料を予備希釈することで測定することができますが、この手法の精密度は確立されていません。CENでは、自動車用エタノール(E85)燃料の追加研究が進行中です。 注3 - この欧州規格では、「%(m/m)」および「%(V/V)」という用語は、それぞれ物質の質量分率(μ)および体積分率(φ)を表すために使用されます。

기사 제목: EN 16136:2015 - 차량 연료 - 무납 휘발유 중의 망간 및 철 함량 결정 - 유도 결합 플라즈마 광전자 분광법 (ICP OES) 방법 기사 내용: 이 유럽 표준은 유도 결합 플라즈마 광전자 분광법 (ICP OES)에 기반한 망간 함량 및 철 함량을 무납 휘발유에서 측정하기 위한 방법을 명시한다. 이 표준은 산소 함량이 최대 3.7% (m/m)인 무납 휘발유에서 약 0.5 mg/l에서 약 7.5 mg/l까지의 망간 함량과 약 1.4 mg/l에서 약 6.0 mg/l까지의 철 함량을 다룬다. 경고 - 이 유럽 표준의 사용은 위험한 물질, 운영 및 장비를 포함할 수 있다. 이 유럽 표준은 사용에 관련된 모든 안전 문제를 다루지 않는다. 이 유럽 표준의 사용자는 적절한 안전 및 보건 절차를 수립하고 사용 전에 규제적 제한의 적용 가능성을 결정하는 것이 사용자의 책임이다. 참고 1 - 망간은 MMT로, 철은 페로세네로 휘발유에 첨가되어 내연기 여과 특성을 향상시킨다. 참고 2 - 휘발유 샘플이 분석 전에 빛에 노출되면 MMT를 함유한 용액은 불안정해진다. 빛에 노출된 휘발유 샘플의 경우 낮고 변덕스러운 결과가 예상된다. 6.0 mg/l 이상의 철 함량과 7.5 mg/l 이상의 망간 함량은 적합한 용매로 시료를 사전 희석한 후에 측정될 수 있다. 그러나 이러한 절차에 대한 정밀도는 확립되지 않았다. CEN에서는 자동차 에탄올 (E85) 연료에 대한 추가 연구가 진행 중이다. 참고 3 - 이 유럽 표준의 목적을 위해 "% (m/m)" 및 "% (V/V)" 용어가 각각 물질의 질량 분율 (µ) 및 체적 분율 (φ)을 나타내는 데 사용된다.