Automotive fuels - Determination of manganese and iron content in unleaded petrol - Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) method

This European Standard specifies a method based on inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) for the determination of manganese content from about 0,5 mg/l to about 7,5 mg/l and of iron content from about 1,4 mg/l to about 6,0 mg/l in unleaded petrol containing up to 3,7 % (m/m) oxygen.
WARNING - The use of this European Standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this European Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
NOTE 1   Manganese as MMT and iron as ferrocene are added to petrol to increase anti-knock properties.
NOTE 2   Solutions of MMT in petrol are unstable when exposed to light. Low and erratic results are expected if petrol samples are exposed to light prior the analysis.
Iron and manganese contents higher than 6,0 mg/l and 7,5 mg/l respectively may be measured after preliminary dilution of the sample with a suitable solvent. However, the precision has not been established for such a procedure. Further work regarding automotive ethanol (E85) fuel is on-going in CEN.
NOTE 3   For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms "% (m/m)" and "% (V/V)" are used to represent the mass fraction (µ) and the volume fraction (φ) of a material respectively.

Kraftstoffe für Kraftfahrzeuge - Bestimmung des Mangan- und Eisengehaltes in unverbleitem Ottokraftstoff - Optische Emissionsspektrometrie mit induktiv gekoppeltem Plasma (ICP OES)

Diese Europäische Norm legt ein Verfahren auf Basis der optischen Emissionsspektrometrie mit induktiv gekoppeltem Plasma (ICP OES, en: inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry) für die Bestimmung des Mangangehaltes im Bereich von etwa 0,5 mg/l bis etwa 7,5 mg/l und des Eisengehaltes im Bereich von etwa 1,4 mg/l bis etwa 6,0 mg/l in unverbleitem Ottokraftstoff mit einem Sauerstoffgehalt von bis zu 3,7 % (m/m) fest.
WARNUNG - Die Anwendung dieser Europäischen Norm kann den Einsatz gefährlicher Stoffe, Arbeitsgänge und Geräte mit sich bringen. Diese Europäische Norm gibt nicht vor, alle mit ihrer Anwendung verbundenen Sicherheitsprobleme anzusprechen. Der Anwender dieser Europäischen Norm ist dafür verantwortlich, vorher angemessene Maßnahmen im Hinblick auf Sicherheit und Gesundheit zu ergreifen und die Anwendbarkeit einschränkender Vorschriften zu ermitteln.
ANMERKUNG 1   Mangan als MMT und Eisen als Ferrocen werden dem Ottokraftstoff zur Verbesserung der Antiklopfeigenschaften zugesetzt.
ANMERKUNG 2   MMT-Lösungen in Ottokraftstoff sind unter Lichteinwirkung instabil. Niedrige und irrige Ergebnisse sind zu erwarten, wenn Ottokraftstoff-Proben vor der Analyse dem Licht ausgesetzt werden.
Eisen- und Mangangehalte höher als 6 mg/l bzw. 7,5 mg/l dürfen nach vorhergehender Verdünnung der Probe mit einem zweckmäßigen Lösemittel gemessen werden. Für dieses Verfahren wurde jedoch keine Präzision bestimmt. Weitere Arbeiten bezüglich Ethanol-Kraftstoff (E85) werden derzeit bei CEN durchgeführt.
ANMERKUNG 3   Für die Zwecke dieser Europäischen Norm wird zur Angabe des Massenanteils (µ) einer Substanz der Ausdruck "% (m/m)" und für den Volumenanteil (...) einer Substanz der Ausdruck "% (V/V)" verwendet.

Carburants pour automobiles - Détermination des teneurs en fer et en manganèse dans les essences sans plomb - Méthode spectrométrique optique par plasma à couplage inductif (ICP OES)

La présente Norme européenne spécifie une méthode spectrométrique optique par plasma à couplage inductif (ICP OES) pour la détermination des teneurs en manganèse, de environ 0,5 mg/l à environ 7,5 mg/l, et en fer, de environ 1,4 mg/l à environ 6,0 mg/l dans l’essence sans plomb contenant jusqu’à 3,7 % (m/m) d’oxygène.
AVERTISSEMENT — L'utilisation de la présente Norme peut impliquer l'intervention de produits, d'opérations et d'équipements à caractère dangereux. La présente Norme n'est pas censée aborder tous les problèmes de sécurité concernés par son usage. Il est de la responsabilité de l'utilisateur de consulter et d'établir des règles de sécurité et d'hygiène appropriées et de déterminer l'applicabilité des restrictions réglementaires avant utilisation.
NOTE 1   Le manganèse sous forme de MMT est ajouté à l’essence afin d’en améliorer les propriétés antidétonantes.
NOTE 2   Les solutions de MMT dans l’essence sont instables en cas d’exposition à la lumière. Si les échantillons d’essence sont exposés à la lumière avant l’analyse, les résultats attendus seront trop bas et inconstants.
NOTE 3   Les teneurs en manganèse et en fer supérieures à 7,0 mg/l et 6,0 mg/l, respectivement, peuvent être mesurées après dilution préalable de l’échantillon avec un solvant approprié. Néanmoins la fidélité n’a pas été établie pour cette procédure. Une étude sur les carburants pour automobiles à base d’éthanol (E85) est en cours au CEN.
NOTE 4   Pour les besoins de la présente Norme européenne, les expressions «% (m/m)» et «% (V/V)» représentent respectivement les fractions massiques, µ,  et volumiques, φ, du produit.

Goriva za motorna vozila - Določevanje mangana in železa v neosvinčenem motornem bencinu - Metoda z optično emisijsko spektrometrijo z induktivno sklopljeno plazmo (ICP OES)

Ta evropski standard določa metodo na podlagi optične emisijske spektrometrije z induktivno sklopljeno plazmo (ICP OES) za določevanje vsebnosti mangana od približno 0,5 mg/l do približno 7,5 mg/l in železa od približno 1,4 mg/l do približno 6,0 mg/l v neosvinčenem motornem bencinu, ki vsebuje do 3,7 % (m/m) kisika.
OPOZORILO – Pri uporabi tega standarda so lahko prisotni nevarni materiali, postopki in oprema. Ta evropski standard ne obravnava vseh varnostnih težav, ki se nanašajo na njegovo uporabo. Za vzpostavitev ustreznih varnostnih in zdravstvenih praks ter za določitev uporabnosti regulativnih omejitev pred uporabo je odgovoren uporabnik tega evropskega standarda.
OPOMBA 1: Mangan kot MMT in železo kot ferocen se dodajata bencinu za izboljšanje lastnosti preprečevanja pojavov klenkanja.
OPOMBA 2: Raztopine z MMT v bencinu so nestabilne, če so izpostavljene svetlobi. Nizki in neredni rezultati se pričakujejo, če so vzorci bencina pred analizo izpostavljeni svetlobi.
Vsebnost železa, večja od 6,0 mg/l, in vsebnost mangana, večja od 7,5 mg/l, se lahko izmerita, če je vzorec predhodno razredčen z ustreznim topilom. Vendar natančnost takega postopka ni določena. Odbor CEN izvaja nadaljnje delo v zvezi z etanolom (E85), ki se uporablja kot motorno gorivo.
OPOMBA 3: V tem evropskem standardu sta uporabljeni oznaki % (m/m) in % (V/V), ki predstavljata masni delež (µ) oziroma prostornino (φ) materiala.

General Information

Status
Published
Public Enquiry End Date
01-Dec-2013
Publication Date
04-Mar-2015
ICS
71.040.50 - Physicochemical methods of analysis
 
75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
Technical Committee
NAD - Petroleum products, lubricants and related products
Current Stage
6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
Start Date
18-Feb-2015
Due Date
25-Apr-2015
Completion Date
05-Mar-2015
Directive
98/70/EC - Quality of petrol and diesel fuels (Dir. 93/12/EEC amendment)
Ref Project
EN 16136:2015 - Automotive fuels - Determination of manganese and iron content in unleaded petrol - Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) method

Relations

Replaces
SIST EN 16136:2012 - Automotive fuels - Determination of manganese content in unleaded petrol - Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) method
Effective Date
01-Apr-2015

Overview

EN 16136:2015 - published by CEN - defines an analytical ICP OES method for the determination of manganese and iron in unleaded petrol. The standard covers manganese in the approximate range 0.5 mg/L to 7.5 mg/L and iron 1.4 mg/L to 6.0 mg/L in petrol containing up to 3.7 % (m/m) oxygen. It specifies sample preparation, solvent and reagent requirements, calibration, instrument setup for organic liquids, quality control and reporting. The document includes safety warnings and notes on additive chemistry (MMT and ferrocene).

Key topics and technical requirements

  • Scope and limits: Target ranges for Mn and Fe in petrol; higher concentrations may be measured after dilution but precision for that procedure is not established.
  • Principle: Sample diluted in a hydrocarbon solvent and introduced directly to an ICP OES plasma; results obtained by comparison with calibrated standards and corrected using an internal standard.
  • Solvent and reagents:
    • Kerosene (boiling range 150–250 °C) and heptane are used; the solvent is prepared by adding 25 mL heptane to 500 mL kerosene.
    • Commercial oil-based manganese and iron standard solutions (e.g., 100 mg/kg) are used to prepare intermediates and calibration solutions.
  • Internal standard: Use of Co, Sc or Y in oil to correct viscosity and vapor-pressure effects during nebulization.
  • Sampling and handling:
    • Follow EN ISO 3170 / EN ISO 3171 for representative sampling.
    • Store samples in clean, opaque containers - MMT solutions are light-sensitive; exposure to light produces unstable, erratic results.
  • Instrumentation:
    • ICP OES configured for organic liquids with suitable nebulizer and feed pump; manufacturers’ instructions must be followed.
    • The standard provides recommended emission wavelengths and procedural calibration/check steps.
  • Quality control: Preparation of a QC solution (0.15 mg/L) from separate standard batches to verify sensitivity and accuracy.

Applications and who uses it

  • Routine fuel quality laboratories performing regulatory compliance testing under the Fuels Quality Directive (FQD).
  • Petroleum refiners, fuel additive manufacturers, test houses and conformity assessment bodies monitoring MMT (manganese) and ferrocene (iron) anti-knock additives.
  • Environmental and forensic labs assessing trace metal contamination in automotive fuels.

Related standards

  • EN ISO 1042 - volumetric flasks
  • EN ISO 3170 / EN ISO 3171 - petroleum sampling (manual and automatic)
  • EN ISO 3675 / EN ISO 12185 - density determination methods

Practical note: follow the safety warning in EN 16136:2015 - the method involves hazardous solvents and high-energy plasma equipment; users must implement appropriate lab safety and regulatory controls.

Frequently Asked Questions

SIST EN 16136:2015 is a standard published by the Slovenian Institute for Standardization (SIST). Its full title is "Automotive fuels - Determination of manganese and iron content in unleaded petrol - Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) method". This standard covers: This European Standard specifies a method based on inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) for the determination of manganese content from about 0,5 mg/l to about 7,5 mg/l and of iron content from about 1,4 mg/l to about 6,0 mg/l in unleaded petrol containing up to 3,7 % (m/m) oxygen. WARNING - The use of this European Standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this European Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. NOTE 1 Manganese as MMT and iron as ferrocene are added to petrol to increase anti-knock properties. NOTE 2 Solutions of MMT in petrol are unstable when exposed to light. Low and erratic results are expected if petrol samples are exposed to light prior the analysis. Iron and manganese contents higher than 6,0 mg/l and 7,5 mg/l respectively may be measured after preliminary dilution of the sample with a suitable solvent. However, the precision has not been established for such a procedure. Further work regarding automotive ethanol (E85) fuel is on-going in CEN. NOTE 3 For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms "% (m/m)" and "% (V/V)" are used to represent the mass fraction (µ) and the volume fraction (φ) of a material respectively.

This European Standard specifies a method based on inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) for the determination of manganese content from about 0,5 mg/l to about 7,5 mg/l and of iron content from about 1,4 mg/l to about 6,0 mg/l in unleaded petrol containing up to 3,7 % (m/m) oxygen. WARNING - The use of this European Standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this European Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. NOTE 1 Manganese as MMT and iron as ferrocene are added to petrol to increase anti-knock properties. NOTE 2 Solutions of MMT in petrol are unstable when exposed to light. Low and erratic results are expected if petrol samples are exposed to light prior the analysis. Iron and manganese contents higher than 6,0 mg/l and 7,5 mg/l respectively may be measured after preliminary dilution of the sample with a suitable solvent. However, the precision has not been established for such a procedure. Further work regarding automotive ethanol (E85) fuel is on-going in CEN. NOTE 3 For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms "% (m/m)" and "% (V/V)" are used to represent the mass fraction (µ) and the volume fraction (φ) of a material respectively.

SIST EN 16136:2015 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 71.040.50 - Physicochemical methods of analysis; 75.160.20 - Liquid fuels. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.

SIST EN 16136:2015 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to SIST EN 16136:2012. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.

SIST EN 16136:2015 is associated with the following European legislation: EU Directives/Regulations: 98/70/EC. When a standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union, products manufactured in conformity with it benefit from a presumption of conformity with the essential requirements of the corresponding EU directive or regulation.

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Standards Content (Sample)


2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.QþHQHPGXNWLYQRKraftstoffe für Kraftfahrzeuge - Bestimmung des Mangan- und Eisengehaltes in unverbleitem Ottokraftstoff - Optische Emissionsspektrometrie mit induktiv gekoppeltem Plasma (ICP OES)Carburants pour automobiles - Détermination des teneurs en fer et en manganèse dans les essences sans plomb - Méthode spectrométrique optique par plasma à couplage inductif (ICP OES)Automotive fuels - Determination of manganese and iron content in unleaded petrol - Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) method75.160.20Liquid fuels71.040.50Fizikalnokemijske analitske metodePhysicochemical methods of analysisICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 16136:2015SIST EN 16136:2015en,fr,de01-april-2015SIST EN 16136:2015SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 16136:20121DGRPHãþD

EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 16136
February 2015 ICS 71.080.60; 75.160.20 Supersedes EN 16136:2011English Version
Automotive fuels - Determination of manganese and iron content in unleaded petrol - Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) method
Carburants pour automobiles - Détermination des teneurs en fer et en manganèse dans les essences sans plomb - Méthode spectrométrique optique par plasma à couplage inductif (ICP OES)
Kraftstoffe für Kraftfahrzeuge - Bestimmung des Gehaltes an Mangan und Eisen in unverbleitem Ottokraftstoff - Optische Emissionsspektrometrie mit induktiv gekoppeltem Plasma (ICP OES) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 12 December 2014.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 16136:2015 ESIST EN 16136:2015
...

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기사 제목: SIST EN 16136:2015 - 자동차 연료 - 무납 연료의 망간 및 철 함량 측정 - 유도 결합 플라즈마 광전자 분광법 (ICP OES) 방법 기사 내용: 이 유럽 표준은 유도 결합 플라즈마 광전자 분광법(ICP OES)을 사용하여 철 및 망간 함량을 측정하는 방법에 대해 규정하고 있다. 이 방법은 산소 함량이 최대 3.7% (m/m)인 무납 연료에서 약 0.5 mg/l에서 약 7.5 mg/l 사이의 망간 함량 및 약 1.4 mg/l에서 약 6.0 mg/l 사이의 철 함량을 측정할 수 있다. 주의 - 이 유럽 표준의 사용은 위험한 물질, 작업 및 장비와 관련된다. 이 유럽 표준은 사용 시 발생하는 모든 안전 문제를 해결하기 위한 것은 아니다. 이 유럽 표준을 사용하는 사용자는 적절한 안전 및 보건 관행을 수립하고 사용 전 규정 제한의 적용 가능성을 결정하는 것이 사용자의 책임이다. 참고 사항 1: 망간은 MMT로, 철은 페로센으로 무납 연료에 첨가되어 안티녹 특성을 향상시킨다. 참고 사항 2: 무납 연료에서 MMT 용액은 빛에 노출되면 불안정해진다. 분석 전에 무납 견본이 빛에 노출되면 저하된 불규칙한 결과가 예상된다. 6.0 mg/l 이상의 철 함량과 7.5 mg/l 이상의 망간 함량은 적당한 용매로 견본을 사전 희석한 후 측정할 수 있다. 그러나 이러한 절차의 정확도는 확립되지 않았다. 자동차 에탄올 (E85) 연료에 대한 추가적인 작업은 CEN에서 진행 중이다. 참고 사항 3: 이 유럽 표준을 위한 "% (m/m)" 및 "% (V/V)" 용어는 각각 물질의 질량 분횡과 부피 분횡을 나타내기 위해 사용된다.

The article discusses a European Standard (SIST EN 16136:2015) that specifies a method for determining the manganese and iron content in unleaded petrol using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES). The method can detect manganese content ranging from 0.5 mg/l to 7.5 mg/l and iron content ranging from 1.4 mg/l to 6.0 mg/l, in petrol with up to 3.7% (m/m) oxygen. However, it should be noted that the use of this method may involve hazardous materials and operations, and appropriate safety and health practices should be followed. The article also mentions that the addition of manganese (as MMT) and iron (as ferrocene) in petrol helps increase anti-knock properties. It is important to avoid exposing petrol samples to light prior to analysis, as it can result in low and inconsistent results. If the iron and manganese contents exceed the specified ranges, the sample may need to be diluted with a suitable solvent, although the precision of this procedure has not been established. The article concludes by noting that ongoing work is being conducted regarding automotive ethanol (E85) fuel. The terms "% (m/m)" and "% (V/V)" in the article refer to mass fraction and volume fraction, respectively.

記事タイトル：SIST EN 16136:2015-自動車燃料-鉛なしガソリン中のマンガンおよび鉄の含有量の測定-誘導結合プラズマ光放射分光法（ICP OES）法 記事内容：この欧州標準は、誘導結合プラズマ光放射分光法（ICP OES）を使用して鉄およびマンガンの含有量を測定する方法を規定しています。この方法は、最大3.7％（m/m）の酸素を含む鉛なしガソリン中の約0.5 mg/lから約7.5 mg/lのマンガン含有量および約1.4 mg/lから約6.0 mg/lの鉄含有量を測定することができます。 注意-この欧州標準の使用には、危険物、作業、および装置が関わることがあります。この欧州標準は、使用時に発生するすべての安全上の問題に対処することを目的としていません。この欧州標準の使用者は、適切な安全および健康な実践を確立し、使用前に規制の制限の適用可能性を確認する責任があります。 注1：マンガンはMMTとして、鉄はフェロセンとして鉛なしガソリンに添加され、ノッキング防止特性が向上します。 注2：ガソリンサンプルを分析前に光にさらすと、MMTのガソリン溶液は不安定になります。光にさらされたガソリンサンプルでは、低く不規則な結果が予想されます。 鉄およびマンガンの含有量が指定範囲を超える場合は、適切な溶媒で試料を事前希釈することで測定することができますが、この手順の精度は確立されていません。自動車用エタノール（E85）燃料に関する追加の作業は、CENで進行中です。 注3：この欧州標準の目的において、「％（m/m）」および「％（V/V）」という用語は、それぞれ物質の質量分率（μ）および体積分率（φ）を表します。