EN 15415-2:2012
(Main)Solid recovered fuels - Determination of particle size distribution - Part 2: Maximum projected length method (manual) for large dimension particles
Solid recovered fuels - Determination of particle size distribution - Part 2: Maximum projected length method (manual) for large dimension particles
This European Standard specifies the determination of particle size distribution of solid recovered fuels. It establishes a manual method for the determination of the maximum projected length for large dimension particles. It applies to both agglomerated and non agglomerated solid recovered fuel pieces exhibiting an irregular shape, such as shredded end-of-life tyres and demolition woods.
This document does not apply to filaments protruding from the SRF pieces.
Feste Sekundärbrennstoffe - Bestimmung der Partikelgrößenverteilung - Teil 2: Manuelles Verfahren zur Bestimmung der größten projizierten Länge für große Partikel
Diese Europäische Norm legt die Bestimmung der Größenverteilung von festen Sekundärbrennstoffen fest. Sie stellt einmanuelles Verfahren zur Bestimmung der größten projizierten Länge für große Partikel auf. Sie gilt für Stücke von agglomerierten und nicht agglomerierten festen Sekundärbrennstoffen, die eine unregelmäßige Form aufweisen, wie z. B. geschredderte Altreifen und Abbruchholz. Dieses Dokument gilt nicht für Drähte, die aus den SRF-Stücken herausstehen.
Combustibles solides de récupération - Détermination de la distribution granulométrique - Partie 2: Méthode (manuelle) de projection de la longueur maximale des particules de grande dimension
La présente Norme européenne spécifie la détermination de la distribution granulométrique de combustibles
solides de récupération. Elle établit une méthode manuelle de projection de la longueur maximale des particules de
grande dimension. Elle s’applique aux fragments de combustibles solides de récupération agglomérés et non
agglomérés, de forme irrégulière, comme les pneumatiques non réutilisables ou le bois de démolition, broyés.
Le présent document ne s’applique pas aux barbules dépassant des fragments de CSR.
Trdna alternativna goriva - Ugotavljanje porazdelitve velikosti delcev - 2. del: Ročna metoda največje projicirane dolžine za velike delce
Ta evropski standard določa ugotavljanje porazdelitve velikosti delcev v trdnih alternativnih gorivih. Vzpostavlja ročno metodo za ugotavljanje največje projicirane dolžine za velike delce. Uporablja se za aglomerirane in neaglomerirane delce trdnih alternativnih goriv nepravilne oblike, kot so razrezane izrabljene pnevmatike in odpadni gradbeni les. Ta dokument se ne uporablja za vlakna iz delcev trdnih alternativnih goriv.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Feste Sekundärbrennstoffe - Bestimmung der Partikelgrößenverteilung - Teil 2: Manuelles Verfahren zur Bestimmung der größten projizierten Länge für große PartikelCombustibles solides de récupération - Détermination de la distribution granulométrique - Partie 2: Méthode (manuelle) de la longueur projetée maximale pour des particules de grande dimensionSolid recovered fuels - Determination of particle size distribution - Part 2: Maximum projected length method (manual) for large dimension particles75.160.10Trda gorivaSolid fuelsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 15415-2:2012SIST EN 15415-2:2012en,fr,de01-junij-2012SIST EN 15415-2:2012SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST-TS CEN/TS 15415:20071DGRPHãþD
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 15415-2
April 2012 ICS 75.160.10 English Version
Solid recovered fuels - Determination of particle size distribution - Part 2: Maximum projected length method (manual) for large dimension particles
Combustibles solides de récupération - Détermination de la distribution granulométrique - Partie 2: Méthode (manuelle) de projection de la longueur maximale des particules de grande dimension
Feste Sekundärbrennstoffe - Bestimmung der Partikelgrößenverteilung - Teil 2: Manuelles Verfahren zur Bestimmung der größten projizierten Länge für große Partikel This European Standard was approved by CEN on 9 March 2012.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 15415-2:2012: ESIST EN 15415-2:2012
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. EN 15415, Solid recovered fuels — Determination of particle size distribution, consists of the following parts: Part 1: Screen method for small dimension particles Part 2: Maximum projected length method (manual) for large dimension particles Part 3: Method by image analysis for large dimension particles According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
When such products reach the end-of-life stage, they continue to exhibit the very strong mechanical properties for which they were designed and fabricated. For instance, tyres are designed and fabricated to withstand cutting. Therefore, it is wise to minimise shredding when producing SRF from these end-of-life products.This results in a general production of SRF pieces exhibiting an irregular shape and large size.
These SRF pieces cannot be characterised using the sieving method specified in EN 15415-1 which utilises well-known distribution curves and a series of test sieves. Consequently, the method specified in this document is a manual method based on the determination of the maximum projected length and accompanied by an appropriate statistical evaluation. This maximum projected length approach is needed for the sake of testing; but it is mainly needed to facilitate the use of these solid recovered fuels. Safe transportation (e.g. with a conveyer) and introduction into the combustion zone are dependent on the design and operations adapted to such maximum length. In this document, the maximum projected length is determined without considering the filaments protruding from the SRF pieces (see 3.1). In EN 15415-3, an image analysis method is specified which allows the characterisation of these filaments protruding from shredded tyre pieces. This document is based on CEN/TS 14243, AFNOR XP T47-751 and AFNOR XP T47-756. SIST EN 15415-2:2012
This document does not apply to filaments protruding from the SRF pieces. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 15357:2011, Solid recovered fuels — Terminology, definitions and descriptions ISO 565, Test sieves — Metal wire cloth, perforated metal plate and electroformed sheet — Nominal sizes of openings ISO 3310-1 Test sieves — Technical requirements and testing — Part 1: Test sieves of metal wire cloth 3 Terms and definitions For the purpose of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 15357:2011 and the following apply: 3.1 filaments filiform parts protruding from pieces of a solid recovered fuel (SRF), generally of a metallic and/or textile nature 3.2 format of a large piece of SRF format based on the distribution of the maximum projected length SIST EN 15415-2:2012
Higher dimension of the format (mm) L Maximum projected length MS
Mass of the laboratory sample (kg) MF
Mass of the fine pieces (kg) MLM Mass of the loose metal wires NCC Number of central classes NCR Number of classes in the range from LDF to HDF TNP Total number of pieces in the sample not including the fine pieces MPF Mass percentage of the fine pieces MPM Mass percentage of the loose metal wires NPL Number percentage of large pieces MPL Mass percentage of large pieces (optional) NPC Number percentage of NCC MPC Mass percentage of NCC (optional) SRF Solid recovered fuel
NOTE In this document "mass percentage" is used for "mass fraction expressed as percent" to maintain continuity with other symbols and their abbreviations that do not designate mass fractions. 5 Principle 5.1 Principle of sampling The main principle of sampling is to obtain a representative sample or representative samples from a whole lot (of defined material) from which a characteristic is to be determined. If the lot is to be represented by a sample, then it is necessary that every particle in the lot have an equal probability of being included in the sample (i.e. probabilistic sampling). Whenever this principle cannot be applied in practice, the sampler shall define a procedure as close as possible to probabilistic sampling in their judgement (i.e. judgemental sampling) and note the limitations in the sampling plan and sampling report.
In general, it is difficult to take samples in a way that satisfies the principle of correct sampling if a material is stationary (for example in a stockpile, big bag or silo). With regard to large pieces of irregular shape (e.g. pieces that include protruding filaments), it is necessary to take samples if the material is in movement. NOTE The determination of properties other than dimensions can result in different sampling requirements. This is the case when determining physical properties such as bulk density or chemical composition.
The measurements of the different maximum projected lengths, L, are used for drawing a histogram (see Figure 1) that is a characteristic of the distribution of the pieces of the test portion, i.e. the laboratory sample without the fine pieces and without the loose metal wires. This histogram consists of the large pieces (a class larger than the HDF threshold dimension of the large pieces) and NCR = 7 classes of the same width between the LDF and HDF dimensions.
Figure 1 — Example of a histogram The following three characteristics of the histogram are extracted from these measurements:
a) the number percentage of large pieces, NPL (and optionally, the mass percentage of large pieces, MPL, corresponding to the pieces larger than the higher dimension of the HDF format where HDF is one of the characteristics of the format of the product under consideration, e.g. 350 mm); b) the mass percentage of the fine pieces, MPF = 100 × MF/MS (mass percentage of the pieces passing through the sieve with a mesh of LDF where LDF is one of the characteristics of the product format under consideration, e.g. 25 mm); c) the number percentage, NPC (and optionally the mass percentage, MPC) of the pieces in the number of central classes (NCC) (2-3-4-5-6) amongst the classes NCR = 7 between the lower and higher dimensions of the format (LDF and HDF). SIST EN 15415-2:2012
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