CWA 17354:2018
(Main)Industrial Symbiosis: Core Elements and Implementation Approaches
Industrial Symbiosis: Core Elements and Implementation Approaches
Industrial symbiosis is the use by one company or sector of underutilised resources broadly defined (including waste, by-products, residues, energy, water, logistics, capacity, expertise, equipment and materials) from another, with the result of keeping resources in productive use for longer. It presents a systems approach to a more sustainable and integrated industrial economy that identifies business opportunities to improve resource utilisation and productivity. The objectives of this CEN Workshop Agreement (CWA) are to support the mainstream adoption of good practice approaches proven through implementation by advancing the mutual understanding of actors (public, private, third sector, and community) currently using the term industrial symbiosis in different ways. This CWA is intended to help the above actors consider and implement industrial symbiosis.
Industrijska simbioza: Osnovni elementi in izvedbeni pristopi
Industrijska simbioza je uporaba premalo izkoriščenih virov, ki so široko opredeljeni (vključno z odpadki, stranskimi proizvodi, ostanki, energijo, vodo, logistiko, zmogljivostjo, strokovnim znanjem, opremo in materiali), med posameznimi podjetji ali sektorji za namene ohranjanja dolgotrajne produktivnosti virov. Zajema sistematski pristop k bolj trajnostni in integrirani industrijski ekonomiji, ki prepoznava poslovne priložnosti za izboljšanje izkoriščenosti ter produktivnosti virov. Cilj tega dogovora v okviru delavnice CEN (CWA) je podpreti prevzemanje pristopov dobre prakse, potrjene na podlagi izvajanja, s spodbujanjem medsebojnega razumevanja izvajalcev (javnih, zasebnih, tretjesektorskih in skupnostnih), pri katerih se izraz industrijska simbioza trenutno uporablja na različne načine. Namen tega dogovora je zgoraj navedenim izvajalcev ponuditi pomoč pri obravnavi in izvajanju industrijske simbioze.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST CWA 17354:2019
01-januar-2019
Industrijska simbioza: Osnovni elementi in izvedbeni pristopi
Industrial Symbiosis: Core Elements and Implementation Approaches
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CWA 17354:2018
ICS:
13.020.20 Okoljska ekonomija. Environmental economics.
Trajnostnost Sustainability
SIST CWA 17354:2019 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
SIST CWA 17354:2019
SIST CWA 17354:2019
CEN
CWA 17354
WORKSHOP
December 2018
AGREEMENT
ICS 13.020.20
English version
Industrial Symbiosis: Core Elements and Implementation
Approaches
This CEN Workshop Agreement has been drafted and approved by a Workshop of representatives of interested parties, the
constitution of which is indicated in the foreword of this Workshop Agreement.
The formal process followed by the Workshop in the development of this Workshop Agreement has been endorsed by the
National Members of CEN but neither the National Members of CEN nor the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre can be held
accountable for the technical content of this CEN Workshop Agreement or possible conflicts with standards or legislation.
This CEN Workshop Agreement can in no way be held as being an official standard developed by CEN and its Members.
This CEN Workshop Agreement is publicly available as a reference document from the CEN Members National Standard Bodies.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2018 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members.
Ref. No.:CWA 17354:2018 E
SIST CWA 17354:2019
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Overview . 5
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviation . 9
3.1 Terms and definitions . 9
3.2 Abbreviations . 12
4 Core Elements of Industrial Symbiosis . 13
5 Drivers for Industrial Symbiosis . 13
6 Approaches to Industrial Symbiosis NOTE . 15
7 Industrial Symbiosis Implementation: Good Practice . 18
7.1 Factors Enabling Good Practice . 18
7.2 Actions Representing Good Practice . 19
Bibliography . 20
SIST CWA 17354:2019
European foreword
This Workshop has been proposed by 4 European projects working to advance the uptake of industrial
symbiosis across Europe and globally. Contribution to standardization activities has been specified as
one of the means for dissemination for the projects SHAREBOX (Secure Platform for the Flexible
Management of Shared Process Resources) and EPOS (Enhanced energy and resource efficiency and
Performance in process industry Operations via onsite and cross-sectorial Symbiosis) of the European
Commission’s Horizon 2020 programme, SPIRE Sustainable Process Industries PPP. Advancing policy to
stimulate industrial symbiosis is an objective of Interreg Europe projects TRIS (Transition Regions
towards Industrial Symbiosis) and SYMBI (Industrial Symbiosis for a Resource Efficient Economy).
CWA Industrial Symbiosis was developed in accordance with CEN-CENELEC Guide 29 “CEN/CENELEC
Workshop Agreements – The way to rapid agreement” and with the relevant provisions of CEN/CENELEC
Internal Regulations – Part 2. It was agreed on 2018-10-22 in a Workshop by representatives of interested
parties, approved and supported by CEN following a public call for participation made on 2018-01-24. It
does not necessarily reflect the views of all stakeholders that might have an interest in its subject matter.
The final text of CWA Industrial Symbiosis was submitted to CEN for publication on 2018-11-12. It was
developed and approved by:
International Synergies Limited
INEOS Group AG
University of Ghent
CEPI - Confederation of European Paper Industries
CEMBUREAU - the European Cement association
Motiva
University of Sussex
EIT RawMaterials
University of Cantabria
Ministry of Development, Turkey
Industrial Symbiosis Limited
ENEA - Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic
Development
Gorenje Surovina
BTC Company
Evonik Industries
DECHEMA - Expert network for chemical engineering and biotechnology
BSI Group
ACCIONA Construcción
UNE
AIDIMME - Technological Institute
Dr. Teresa Domenech, consultant
Giovanni Impoco, consultant
It is possible that some elements of the CWA Industrial Symbiosis may be subject to patent rights. The
CEN-CENELEC policy on patent rights is set out in CEN-CENELEC Guide 8 “Guidelines for Implementation
of the Common IPR Policy on Patents (and other statutory intellectual property rights based on
inventions)”. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
SIST CWA 17354:2019
CWA 17354 (E)
The Workshop participants have made every effort to ensure the reliability and accuracy of the technical
and non-technical content of the CWA Industrial Symbiosis, but this does not guarantee, either explicitly
or implicitly, its correctness. Users of the CWA Industrial Symbiosis should be aware that neither the
Workshop participants, nor CEN can be held liable for damages or losses of any kind whatsoever which
may arise from its application. Users of CWA Industrial Symbiosis do so on their own responsibility and
at their own risk.
SIST CWA 17354:2019
Overview
The 2018 Amendment to the Waste Framework Directive (2008/98/EC) passed into law calls for member
states to promote sustainable use of resources and industrial symbiosis. As industrial symbiosis is further
integrated into the policies, reports and recommendations of the European Commission across multiple
DGs and various member states at the national, regional and local scale, the variety of terminologies used
in these documents can be confusing and sometimes misleading to those wishing to implement industrial
symbiosis. Such confusion dilutes the effectiveness of the approach to deliver resource efficiency,
greenhouse gas reduction and economic benefits.
Resource efficiency through industrial symbiosis offers economic opportunities for European industry.
This CEN Workshop Agreement (CWA) is intended to help organisations, governments and individuals
consider and implement industrial symbiosis. To support the effective adoption of industrial symbiosis
by the public and private sector and to advance toward mainstream adoption, this CWA provides a
consensus on the core elements of industrial symbiosis to enable its identification and on good practice
approaches to industrial symbiosis implementation across Europe and beyond. These common elements
and approaches can form the basis for policy, recommendations and widespread implementation.
Specifically, this CWA sets out the following:
1. Core elements of industrial symbiosis;
2. Drivers for industrial symbiosis;
3. Approaches to industrial symbiosis;
4. Industrial symbiosis implementation: good practice.
Industrial symbiosis is the use by one company or sector of underutilised resources broadly defined
(including waste, by-products, residues, energy, water, logistics, capacity, expertise, equipment and
materials) from another, with the result of keeping resources in productive use for longer. Core elements
of industrial symbiosis are the aspects that enable its identification. Elements considered core to
industrial symbiosis are:
• Returning underutilised resources (often called waste) to productive use;
• Information about opportunities (e.g., data on other organisations’ resources, or new technologies) is
required to be able to advance a synergy;
• Business conditions incentivising industrial symbiosis, which may be through market conditions or
through policies and regulations; and
Four common approaches to industrial symbiosis (that are not mutually exclusive) vary depending on
where the onus for identifying and advancing opportunities lies:
1. Self-organised: a bottom-up approach resulting from direct interaction among industrial actors,
without external coordination. Expertise resides within the organisations with resources and
opportunities; organisations identify, assess and advance opportunities themselves.
2. Facilitated: wherein a third-party intermediary coordinates the activity, working with organisations
to identify opportunities and help bring them to fruition. Facilitators (sometimes referred to as
practitioners) work with the companies to identify, assess and advance opportunities; often the onus
is on the facilitators to progress opportunities. Facilitator business models vary from commercial
brokers to public investment networks and any combination thereof.
3. ICT-supported: industrial symbiosis activity is supported by an ICT system to capture and manage
data on resource availability and potential synergies. The onus lies with the software users, be they
companies, other organisations or facilitators.
SIST CWA 17354:2019
CWA 17354 (E)
4. Strategic or planned: a top-down approach where networks are formed following a central plan or
vision that includes attracting new businesses to regeneration sites or purpose-built developments.
The onus lies with the central body (often public sector) implementing the plan or vision.
Good practice implementation in any approach requires the following steps:
1. Fully characterising the resources available: thinking broadly about resources (including waste, by-
products, residues, energy, water, logistics, capacity, expertise, equipment and materials); and
reassessing waste for value as a resource.
2. Identifying and assessing opportunities to return underutilised resources to productive use:
statistically, most (not all) reuse opportunities are outside one’s own sector, so cross-sector
knowledge may be required.
Matching the available resource with the appropriate opportunity, addressing technical, economic, and
legal requirements. Intermediate transformation steps may also be required.
SIST CWA 17354:2019
1 Scope
Industrial symbiosis is the use by one company or sector of underutilised resources broadly defined
(including waste, by-products, residues, energy, water, logistics, capacity, expertise, equipment and
materials) from another, with the result of keeping resources in productive use for longer. It presents a
systems approach to a more sustainable and integrated industrial economy that identifies business
opportunities to improve resource utilisation and productivity. The objectives of this CEN Workshop
Agreement (CWA) are to support the mainstream adoption of good practice approaches proven through
implementation by advancing the mutual understanding of actors (public, private, third sector, and
community) currently using the term industrial symbiosis in different ways. This CWA is intended to help
the above actors consider and implement industrial symbiosis.
2 Normative references
The following standards-related references are central to this document:
• BS 8001: 2017 “Guidelines to a Circular Economy” and references therein
https://www.bsigroup.com/en-GB/standards/benefits-of-using-standards/becoming-more-
sustainable-with-standards/BS8001-Circular-Economy/
• IWA 27: 2017 “Guiding principle and framework for the sharing economy”
https://www.iso.org/standard/72643.html
The following related references (reports, policies) are central to this document:
There are multiple directives that mention industrial symbiosis and its relationship to resource efficiency
within the European Union, although few are specific to industrial symbiosis as a focus; rather, industrial
symbiosis is included as support to their primary aims. Some of the most relevant documents are listed
below:
th
• Official Journal of the European Union, Legislation L150, Volume 61, 14 June 2018 amendments to:
Directive 1999/31/EC Landfill of Waste; Directive 2008/98/EC on Waste; and Directive 94/62/EC
Packaging and Packaging of Waste.
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=OJ%3AL%3A2018%3A150%3ATOC
• DG GROW, Cooperation fostering industrial symbiosis: market potential, good practice and policy
actions (2018)
http://publications.europa.eu/publication/manifestation_identifier/PUB_ET0517150ENN
• European Environment Agency: Circular Economy in Europe (2016)
htt
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-januar-2019
Industrijska simbioza: Osnovni elementi in izvedbeni pristopi
Industrial Symbiosis: Core Elements and Implementation Approaches
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CWA 17354:2018
ICS:
13.020.20 Okoljska ekonomija. Environmental economics.
Trajnostnost Sustainability
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
CEN
CWA 17354
WORKSHOP
December 2018
AGREEMENT
ICS 13.020.20
English version
Industrial Symbiosis: Core Elements and Implementation
Approaches
This CEN Workshop Agreement has been drafted and approved by a Workshop of representatives of interested parties, the
constitution of which is indicated in the foreword of this Workshop Agreement.
The formal process followed by the Workshop in the development of this Workshop Agreement has been endorsed by the
National Members of CEN but neither the National Members of CEN nor the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre can be held
accountable for the technical content of this CEN Workshop Agreement or possible conflicts with standards or legislation.
This CEN Workshop Agreement can in no way be held as being an official standard developed by CEN and its Members.
This CEN Workshop Agreement is publicly available as a reference document from the CEN Members National Standard Bodies.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2018 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members.
Ref. No.:CWA 17354:2018 E
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Overview . 5
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviation . 9
3.1 Terms and definitions . 9
3.2 Abbreviations . 12
4 Core Elements of Industrial Symbiosis . 13
5 Drivers for Industrial Symbiosis . 13
6 Approaches to Industrial Symbiosis NOTE . 15
7 Industrial Symbiosis Implementation: Good Practice . 18
7.1 Factors Enabling Good Practice . 18
7.2 Actions Representing Good Practice . 19
Bibliography . 20
European foreword
This Workshop has been proposed by 4 European projects working to advance the uptake of industrial
symbiosis across Europe and globally. Contribution to standardization activities has been specified as
one of the means for dissemination for the projects SHAREBOX (Secure Platform for the Flexible
Management of Shared Process Resources) and EPOS (Enhanced energy and resource efficiency and
Performance in process industry Operations via onsite and cross-sectorial Symbiosis) of the European
Commission’s Horizon 2020 programme, SPIRE Sustainable Process Industries PPP. Advancing policy to
stimulate industrial symbiosis is an objective of Interreg Europe projects TRIS (Transition Regions
towards Industrial Symbiosis) and SYMBI (Industrial Symbiosis for a Resource Efficient Economy).
CWA Industrial Symbiosis was developed in accordance with CEN-CENELEC Guide 29 “CEN/CENELEC
Workshop Agreements – The way to rapid agreement” and with the relevant provisions of CEN/CENELEC
Internal Regulations – Part 2. It was agreed on 2018-10-22 in a Workshop by representatives of interested
parties, approved and supported by CEN following a public call for participation made on 2018-01-24. It
does not necessarily reflect the views of all stakeholders that might have an interest in its subject matter.
The final text of CWA Industrial Symbiosis was submitted to CEN for publication on 2018-11-12. It was
developed and approved by:
International Synergies Limited
INEOS Group AG
University of Ghent
CEPI - Confederation of European Paper Industries
CEMBUREAU - the European Cement association
Motiva
University of Sussex
EIT RawMaterials
University of Cantabria
Ministry of Development, Turkey
Industrial Symbiosis Limited
ENEA - Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic
Development
Gorenje Surovina
BTC Company
Evonik Industries
DECHEMA - Expert network for chemical engineering and biotechnology
BSI Group
ACCIONA Construcción
UNE
AIDIMME - Technological Institute
Dr. Teresa Domenech, consultant
Giovanni Impoco, consultant
It is possible that some elements of the CWA Industrial Symbiosis may be subject to patent rights. The
CEN-CENELEC policy on patent rights is set out in CEN-CENELEC Guide 8 “Guidelines for Implementation
of the Common IPR Policy on Patents (and other statutory intellectual property rights based on
inventions)”. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
CWA 17354 (E)
The Workshop participants have made every effort to ensure the reliability and accuracy of the technical
and non-technical content of the CWA Industrial Symbiosis, but this does not guarantee, either explicitly
or implicitly, its correctness. Users of the CWA Industrial Symbiosis should be aware that neither the
Workshop participants, nor CEN can be held liable for damages or losses of any kind whatsoever which
may arise from its application. Users of CWA Industrial Symbiosis do so on their own responsibility and
at their own risk.
Overview
The 2018 Amendment to the Waste Framework Directive (2008/98/EC) passed into law calls for member
states to promote sustainable use of resources and industrial symbiosis. As industrial symbiosis is further
integrated into the policies, reports and recommendations of the European Commission across multiple
DGs and various member states at the national, regional and local scale, the variety of terminologies used
in these documents can be confusing and sometimes misleading to those wishing to implement industrial
symbiosis. Such confusion dilutes the effectiveness of the approach to deliver resource efficiency,
greenhouse gas reduction and economic benefits.
Resource efficiency through industrial symbiosis offers economic opportunities for European industry.
This CEN Workshop Agreement (CWA) is intended to help organisations, governments and individuals
consider and implement industrial symbiosis. To support the effective adoption of industrial symbiosis
by the public and private sector and to advance toward mainstream adoption, this CWA provides a
consensus on the core elements of industrial symbiosis to enable its identification and on good practice
approaches to industrial symbiosis implementation across Europe and beyond. These common elements
and approaches can form the basis for policy, recommendations and widespread implementation.
Specifically, this CWA sets out the following:
1. Core elements of industrial symbiosis;
2. Drivers for industrial symbiosis;
3. Approaches to industrial symbiosis;
4. Industrial symbiosis implementation: good practice.
Industrial symbiosis is the use by one company or sector of underutilised resources broadly defined
(including waste, by-products, residues, energy, water, logistics, capacity, expertise, equipment and
materials) from another, with the result of keeping resources in productive use for longer. Core elements
of industrial symbiosis are the aspects that enable its identification. Elements considered core to
industrial symbiosis are:
• Returning underutilised resources (often called waste) to productive use;
• Information about opportunities (e.g., data on other organisations’ resources, or new technologies) is
required to be able to advance a synergy;
• Business conditions incentivising industrial symbiosis, which may be through market conditions or
through policies and regulations; and
Four common approaches to industrial symbiosis (that are not mutually exclusive) vary depending on
where the onus for identifying and advancing opportunities lies:
1. Self-organised: a bottom-up approach resulting from direct interaction among industrial actors,
without external coordination. Expertise resides within the organisations with resources and
opportunities; organisations identify, assess and advance opportunities themselves.
2. Facilitated: wherein a third-party intermediary coordinates the activity, working with organisations
to identify opportunities and help bring them to fruition. Facilitators (sometimes referred to as
practitioners) work with the companies to identify, assess and advance opportunities; often the onus
is on the facilitators to progress opportunities. Facilitator business models vary from commercial
brokers to public investment networks and any combination thereof.
3. ICT-supported: industrial symbiosis activity is supported by an ICT system to capture and manage
data on resource availability and potential synergies. The onus lies with the software users, be they
companies, other organisations or facilitators.
CWA 17354 (E)
4. Strategic or planned: a top-down approach where networks are formed following a central plan or
vision that includes attracting new businesses to regeneration sites or purpose-built developments.
The onus lies with the central body (often public sector) implementing the plan or vision.
Good practice implementation in any approach requires the following steps:
1. Fully characterising the resources available: thinking broadly about resources (including waste, by-
products, residues, energy, water, logistics, capacity, expertise, equipment and materials); and
reassessing waste for value as a resource.
2. Identifying and assessing opportunities to return underutilised resources to productive use:
statistically, most (not all) reuse opportunities are outside one’s own sector, so cross-sector
knowledge may be required.
Matching the available resource with the appropriate opportunity, addressing technical, economic, and
legal requirements. Intermediate transformation steps may also be required.
1 Scope
Industrial symbiosis is the use by one company or sector of underutilised resources broadly defined
(including waste, by-products, residues, energy, water, logistics, capacity, expertise, equipment and
materials) from another, with the result of keeping resources in productive use for longer. It presents a
systems approach to a more sustainable and integrated industrial economy that identifies business
opportunities to improve resource utilisation and productivity. The objectives of this CEN Workshop
Agreement (CWA) are to support the mainstream adoption of good practice approaches proven through
implementation by advancing the mutual understanding of actors (public, private, third sector, and
community) currently using the term industrial symbiosis in different ways. This CWA is intended to help
the above actors consider and implement industrial symbiosis.
2 Normative references
The following standards-related references are central to this document:
• BS 8001: 2017 “Guidelines to a Circular Economy” and references therein
https://www.bsigroup.com/en-GB/standards/benefits-of-using-standards/becoming-more-
sustainable-with-standards/BS8001-Circular-Economy/
• IWA 27: 2017 “Guiding principle and framework for the sharing economy”
https://www.iso.org/standard/72643.html
The following related references (reports, policies) are central to this document:
There are multiple directives that mention industrial symbiosis and its relationship to resource efficiency
within the European Union, although few are specific to industrial symbiosis as a focus; rather, industrial
symbiosis is included as support to their primary aims. Some of the most relevant documents are listed
below:
th
• Official Journal of the European Union, Legislation L150, Volume 61, 14 June 2018 amendments to:
Directive 1999/31/EC Landfill of Waste; Directive 2008/98/EC on Waste; and Directive 94/62/EC
Packaging and Packaging of Waste.
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=OJ%3AL%3A2018%3A150%3ATOC
• DG GROW, Cooperation fostering industrial symbiosis: market potential, good practice and policy
actions (2018)
http://publications.europa.eu/publication/manifestation_identifier/PUB_ET0517150ENN
• European Environment Agency: Circular Economy in Eur
...
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