IEC 60489-1:1983/AMD2:1999
(Amendment)Amendment 2 - Methods of measurement for radio equipment used in the mobile services - Part 1: General definitions and standard conditions of measurement
Amendment 2 - Methods of measurement for radio equipment used in the mobile services - Part 1: General definitions and standard conditions of measurement
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL IEC
STANDARD
60489-1
AMENDMENT 2
1999-05
Amendment 2
Methods of measurement for radio equipment
used in the mobile services –
Part 1:
General definitions and standard conditions
of measurement
Amendement 2
Méthodes de mesure applicables
au matériel de radiocommunication
utilisé dans les services mobiles –
Partie 1:
Définitions générales et conditions
normales de mesure
IEC 1999 Copyright - all rights reserved
International Electrotechnical Commission 3, rue de Varembé Geneva, Switzerland
Telefax: +41 22 919 0300 e-mail: inmail@iec.ch IEC web site http://www.iec.ch
Commission Electrotechnique Internationale
PRICE CODE
XA
International Electrotechnical Commission
For price, see current catalogue
– 2 – 60489-1 Amend. 2 © IEC:1999(E)
FOREWORD
This amendment has been prepared by IEC technical committee 102: Equipment used in radio
communications for mobile services and for satellite communication systems.
The text of this amendment is based on
FDIS Report on voting
102/41/FDIS 102/49/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this amendment can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
A bilingual version of this amendment may be issued at a later date.
___________
Add the following reference to the list of "Other IEC publications quoted in this standard":
IEC 60489-8:1984, Methods of measurement for radio equipment used in the mobile services –
Part 8: Antennas
Page 54
Add the following Annex A after figure 3.
Annex A
(normative)
Guide for the use of test sites and radio-frequency
coupling devices (RFCDs)
A.1 General
Test sites are basic means to perform radiation measurements. Radio-frequency coupling
devices (RFCDs) are means generally designed to perform many equipment radiation
measurements economically, using the same measuring method as equipment with antenna
terminals.
This annex describes low reflection test sites (LRTS) and anechoic chambers (AC) for upper
frequency limit extension and interference-free measurements, as well as random field
measurement sites for measurements similar in the real field and for measurement equipment
with a diversity antenna. TEM cells and GTEM cells are also described for wideband upper-
frequency limit extension and interference-free measurements.
The evaluation measurement of a test site is the method to judge whether a test site
construction satisfies the required conditions and is introduced for LRTS, AC and RFM sites in
this annex. The evaluation measurement for OATS was studied, but not introduced because
the available evaluation measurement required important measurement condition changes.
60489-1 Amend. 2 © IEC:1999(E) – 3 –
The calibration method for a test site is the process for determining the numerical relationship
between equipment radiation power and the observed output of a radio-frequency signal
generator which replaces the EUT during the substitution measurement, or the numerical
relationship between the field strength where the EUT is placed and the indication of the
selective measuring device with the calibration antenna.
RFCDs were originally used only for ratio measurement of equipment receiving radio-frequency
electromagnetic energy. The radiation sensitivity measured in the RFCD was called "the
reference sensitivity (RFCD)" and defined as the level of RFCD input signal in microvolts (μV).
This annex also describes calibration methods. Calibration is the procedure for determining the
numerical relationship between RFCD input or output voltage and the equivalent field strength
where the EUT is placed, or the radiated power of the EUT. RFCDs should be principally
calibrated. Therefore, RFCDs need no evaluation measurement.
Test site overview and overview of RFCDs are shown in tables A.1 and A.2 respectively.
Table A.1 – Test site overview
Test sites Advantages Disadvantages
OATS: Open area test site Low construction cost Needs a lot of space
Available for large size EUT Interference from others
Includes ground reflection effects Weather dependency
Measurement fluctuation is
relatively high at frequencies higher
than 1 GHz
LRTS: Low reflection test site Clear and flexible evaluation Does not reflect reality
criterion
Is affected by absorber size
Possible to reduce error
Interference from others
Wide frequency range
Available for large size EUT
No influence of ground reflections
AC: Anechoic chamber No interference Limited lower frequency
No weather dependency Limited EUT size
No influence of ground reflections Expensive, especially for low
frequency
RFM: Random field measurement Few construction site requirements Needs many measurement values
site (anywhere) and their calculation
Evaluation of real world antenna
efficiency
Clear and flexible evaluation
criterion
Available for the evaluation of
diversity antenna
– 4 – 60489-1 Amend. 2 © IEC:1999(E)
Table A.2 – Overview of radio-frequency coupling devices (RFCDs)
RFCDs Maximum size of EUT [mm] Features
Narrowband RFCD ---------- Available in small size
Test fixture (Only for specific EUT) Not expensive
Only for specific EUT
Only for specific or approximate
frequency
Wideband RFCDs More than twice frequency range
Stripline arrangement 200 l × 200 b × 250 h for maximum Can be constructed with detailed
frequency of 200 MHz information
400 l × 400 b × 500 h for maximum Influence of surroundings
frequency of 100 MHz
Limited frequency range
TEM cell 100 l × 150 b × 50 h for maximum No influence from surroundings
frequency of 500 MHz
Limited frequency range
200 l × 300 b × 100 h for maximum
frequency of 250 MHz
GTEM cell 300 l × 300 b × 200 h to greater No influence from surroundings
than 5 GHz
Wide frequency range
or 1 000 l × 1 000 b × 500 h to
greater than 5 GHz
NOTE – A certain manufacturer specifies d.c. to 17 GHz for the frequency range of a GTEM cell.
A.1.1 Abbreviations:
AC Anechoic chamber
ETSI European Telecommunication Standards Institute
EUT Equipment under test
GTEM GHz TEM
LRTS Low reflection test site
OATS Open area test site
RFCD Radio-frequency coupling device
RFM Random field measurement
TEM Transverse electromagnetic mode
A.2 Test sites
A.2.1 Introduction, outline and selection of test sites
The radiation characteristics of equipment are measured at test sites. Both equipment emitting
radio-frequency electromagnetic energy and equipment receiving it can be measured. Emission
measurements can be made for all radio-frequency parameters pertaining to radiated radio-
frequency electromagnetic energy, for example, transmitter radiated power, transmitter
radiated spurious power, receiver radiated spurious power. Receiver measurements can be
made for all radio-frequency parameters pertaining to received radio-frequency electro-
magnetic energy, for example, receiver radiation sensitivity.
OATSs are the classic test sites and have been left as before. ACs are already widely used,
and the new evaluation measurement has been introduced. LRTS and RFM site are newly
introduced test sites. Both LRTS and RFM sites have clear and flexible evaluation criteria
which allow for easy appraisal of conformity to construction requirements.
60489-1 Amend. 2 © IEC:1999(E) – 5 –
All test sites use the substitution method for emission measurements and this reduces
measurement error. The EUT is to be substituted with a half-wave dipole antenna and a radio-
frequency signal generator. The field strength in receiver measurements is to be measured by
the calibration antenna and the selective measuring device.
A guide for the selection of test sites is shown in table A.1.
A.2.2 Open area test site (OATS)
A.2.2.1 General
Open area test sites are applicable to all kinds of measurements on mobile radio equipment in
areas where no interfering radio services are operating, and no other radio services may
interfere with the propagation of the measuring frequencies power used on the test site. In
other cases indoor test sites are recommended.
On an OATS, the measuring antenna or the calibration antenna receives the combination of a
direct wave and a ground reflected wave. By contrast, the measuring antenna or the calibration
antenna on the LRTS receives only a direct wave, while the ground reflection is suppressed.
Measuring distances of 3 m and 30 m are applied for OATS.
Emission measurements can be made on any measuring distance for all radio parameters
concerning radiated electromagnetic energy, for example, transmitter radiated power,
transmitter radiated spurious power, receiver radiated spurious power. The shorter measuring
distance test site can measure low power. The longer one can measure a large size of EUT
and lower frequency.
Receiver measurements can be made only on 30 m test site for all radio parameters
concerning received electromagnetic energy, for example, receiver radiation sensitivity. The
3 m test site has great field gradient in higher frequencies.
A.2.2.2 Test site characteristics
Characteristics Limits for a 3 m test site
Useful frequency range 100 MHz to 1 000 MHz
Nominal site attenuation 12 dB to 38 dB for 100 MHz
Nominal site attenuation 32 dB to 58 dB for 1 000 MHz
Equipment size limits 0,6 m maximum, including the antenna
NOTE - The nominal attenuation of the test site for a half-wave dipole is 18 dB for
100 MHz and 38 dB for 1 000 MHz. The actual attenuation may vary due to ground
reflections.
Characteristics Limits for a 30 m test site
Useful frequency range 25 MHz to 1 000 MHz
Nominal site attenuation 20 dB to 46 dB for 25 MHz
Nominal site attenuation 52 dB to 78 dB for 1 000 MHz
Equipment size limits 6 m, including the antenna
NOTE - The nominal attenuation of the test site for a half-wave dipole is 26 dB for
25 MHz and 58 dB for 1 000 MHz. The actual attenuation may vary due to ground
reflections.
– 6 – 60489-1 Amend. 2 © IEC:1999(E)
A.2.2.3 Basic measuring procedure
A.2.2.3.1 Transmitter emission measurements
a) Place the transmitter under test on the platform. Orientate the measuring antenna so that it
has the same polarization as the transmitter. Orientate the transmitter so that an intended
direction is perpendicular to the direction of the measuring antenna and operate the
transmitter.
b) Tune the selective measuring device to the radiated power component.
c) Raise and lower the measuring antenna to obtain the maximum indication on the selective
measuring device. Note the maximum indication.
d) Substitute the auxiliary antenna and the radio-frequency signal generator for the transmitter
under test. Adjust the measuring antenna height to the maximum point where reading in the
selective measuring device can be obtained.
e) Adjust or calculate the radio-frequency signal generator output level to the level obtained in
step c). This level is the radiated power of the transmitter under test for an intended
direction.
NOTE 1 – The selection of the measuring distance and the connection of the equipment in the test site are not
included in the above steps.
NOTE 2 – The measuring antenna height in step c) and step d) may vary. The measuring antenna height in step c)
for another intended direction may differ from the original.
A.2.2.3.2 Receiver measurement receiving radio-frequency electromagnetic energy
a) Calibrate the radio-frequency signal generator level to the electromagnetic field strength
received by the calibration antenna and the selective measuring device. It should be
confirmed that the transmitting antenna is less dependent upon small changes in antenna
height before the calibration.
b) Replace the calibration antenna and the selective measuring device by a receiver under
test. Orientate the receiver so that an intended direction is perpendicular to the direction of
the transmitting antenna and operate the receiver.
c) Adjust the signal generator level to the level which just satisfies the receiver radiation
sensitivity according to the sensitivity measurement procedure.
d) Read or calculate the average of signal generator level and convert it to the calibrated
level. This level is the radiation sensitivity of the receiver in an intended direction.
NOTE – Connection of the equipment in the test site is not included in the above steps. The measuring distance is
30 m.
A.2.2.4 Construction of a radiation test site
The measuring arrangement for equipment emitting radio-frequency electromagnetic energy is
shown in figure A.1. The measuring arrangement for equipment receiving electromagnetic
energy is shown in figure A.2.
The radiation test site shall be on ground level having uniform electrical characteristics and
being free from reflecting objects over an area as wide as possible, to ensure that the
extraneous electromagnetic fields do not affect the accuracy and repeatability of the test
results.
A.2.2.4.1 3 m test site
A continuous ground screen (either sheet metal or wire mesh having openings no greater than
10 mm, which should maintain good electrical contact between the wire) shall be used to
establish a uniformly conducting earth over part of the test site. The turntable shall be metallic
and shall be flush with the ground screen. The minimum ground screen area is shown in
figure A.3.
60489-1 Amend. 2 © IEC:1999(E) – 7 –
A.2.2.4.2 30 m test site
The minimum boundary of the test site shall be an ellipse having a major axis equal to 60 m
and a minor axis equal to 52 m. The EUT and the measuring antenna or the transmitting
antenna shall be located at the foci.
No extraneous conducting objects having any dimensions in excess of 50 mm shall be in the
immediate vicinity of either the EUT or the antennas.
The test site shall have a turntable and a support for the measuring antenna. The measuring
distance is the distance in the horizontal plane between the central vertical axis of the turntable
and the central vertical axis of the measuring antenna. A shelter may be provided for the whole
or a part of the test site. All such constructions having any dimensions greater than 50 mm
should be of wood, plastic, or other non-conducting material. Wood shall be impregnated to
ensure minimum water absorption.
All test equipment, if located above ground, shall be powered preferably by batteries. If the
equipment is powered by mains, each of the supply cables shall be provided with a suitable
radio-frequency filter. The cable connecting the filter and the measuring equipment shall be as
short as possible and shielded. The cable connecting the filter and mains shall either be
shielded and grounded, or buried to a depth of approximately 300 mm.
A.2.2.5 Position of the EUT
The equipment with its cabinet or housing in which it is normally operated shall be placed on a
horizontal platform, the uppe
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.