IEC 61099:2010

Insulating liquids - Specifications for unused synthetic organic esters for electrical purposes

IEC 61099:2010 covers the specification and test methods for unused synthetic organic esters. It applies to synthetic organic esters, delivered to the agreed point and time of delivery intended, for use in transformers, switchgear and similar related equipment in which synthetic organic esters are required as an insulant and for heat transfer. The main changes of this new edition with respect to the previous one relate to the aim of giving a more updated specification of synthetic organic esters when used as insulating liquids.

Liquides isolants - Spécifications relatives aux esters organiques de synthèse neufs destinés aux matériels électriques

La CEI 61099:2010 couvre les spécifications et les méthodes d'essai relatives aux esters organiques de synthèse neufs. Elle est applicable aux esters organiques de synthèse, livrés au lieu et à la date de livraison convenus, destinés à être utilisés dans les transformateurs, les appareillages de connexion et matériels connexes analogues dans lesquels les esters organiques de synthèse sont exigés comme isolant et pour le transfert de chaleur. Les modifications principales de cette nouvelle édition par rapport à l'édition précédente ont pour objectif de fournir une spécification plus à jour concernant les esters organiques de synthèse lorsqu'ils sont utilisés en tant que liquides isolants.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Aug-2010
• ICS: 29.040.99 - Other insulating fluids
• Technical Committee: TC 10 - Fluids for electrotechnical applications
• Current Stage: PPUB - Publication issued
• Start Date: 31-Aug-2010
• Completion Date: 30-Sep-2010

Relations

• Revises: IEC 61099:1992 - Specifications for unused synthetic organic esters for electrical purposes
• Effective Date: 05-Sep-2023

Standards Content (Sample)

IEC 61099 ®
Edition 2.0 2010-08
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Insulating liquids – Specifications for unused synthetic organic esters for
electrical purposes
Liquides isolants – Spécifications relatives aux esters organiques de synthèse
neufs destinés aux matériels électriques

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IEC 61099 ®
Edition 2.0 2010-08
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Insulating liquids – Specifications for unused synthetic organic esters for
electrical purposes
Liquides isolants – Spécifications relatives aux esters organiques de synthèse
neufs destinés aux matériels électriques

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
N
CODE PRIX
ICS 29.040 ISBN 978-2-88912-160-1
– 2 – 61099 © IEC:2010
CONTENTS
FOREWORD.3
INTRODUCTION.5
1 Scope.6
2 Normative references .6
3 Terms and definitions .7
4 General remarks.7
5 Health, safety and environment (HSE) properties (liquid properties related to safe
handling and environment protection) .8
5.1 Flash point and fire point .8
5.2 Biodegradation .8
5.3 Toxicity .8
6 Classification, identification, general delivery requirements, sampling, packaging
and disposal .8
6.1 Classification.8
6.2 Identification and general delivery requirements, sampling, packaging and
disposal.8
6.3 Storage .8
6.4 Representative sampling .9
6.5 Disposal and spillages.9
7 Properties of synthetic organic esters .9
7.1 Physical properties, significance and test methods.9
7.1.1 Colour .9
7.1.2 Appearance .9
7.1.3 Density .9
7.1.4 Kinematic viscosity .9
7.1.5 Flash point and fire point .9
7.1.6 Pour point.9
7.1.7 Crystallization.9
7.1.8 Water content .9
7.1.9 Acidity .9
7.1.10 Oxidation stability .10
8 Electrical properties.10
8.1 Breakdown voltage .10
8.2 Dielectric dissipation factor, permittivity and d.c. resistivity.10
8.3 Gassing tendency.10
9 Specifications for synthetic organic esters used in transformers .10
Annex A (informative) Determination of crystallization .12
Annex B (informative) Specifications for synthetic organic esters used in capacitors.13
Bibliography.14

61099 © IEC:2010 – 3 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
INSULATING LIQUIDS –
SPECIFICATIONS FOR UNUSED SYNTHETIC
ORGANIC ESTERS FOR ELECTRICAL PURPOSES

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
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with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
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2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
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3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
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between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
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6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
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8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 61099 has been prepared IEC technical committee 10: Fluids for
electrotechnical applications.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 1992 and constitutes a
technical revision.
The main changes with respect to the previous edition relate to the aim of giving a more
updated specification of synthetic organic esters when used as insulating liquids.

– 4 – 61099 © IEC:2010
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
10/813/FDIS 10/821/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data
related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
61099 © IEC:2010 – 5 –
INTRODUCTION
Health and safety
This International Standard does not purport to address all the safety problems associated
with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of the standard to establish appropriate health
and safety practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Unused synthetic esters which are the subject of this standard should be handled with due
care with regard to personal hygiene. Direct contact with eyes may cause slight irritation. In
the case of eye contact, irrigation with copious quantities of clean running water should be
carried out and medical attention sought.
Some of the tests specified in this standard involve the use of processes that could lead to a
hazardous situation. Attention is drawn to the relevant standard for guidance.
Environment
The disposal of synthetic esters, chemicals and sample containers mentioned in this standard
should be carried out in accordance with local regulations with regard to their environmental
impact. Precautions should be taken to prevent the release of synthetic esters into the
environment.
– 6 – 61099 © IEC:2010
INSULATING LIQUIDS –
SPECIFICATIONS FOR UNUSED SYNTHETIC
ORGANIC ESTERS FOR ELECTRICAL PURPOSES

1 Scope
This International Standard covers the specification and test methods for unused synthetic
organic esters.
It applies to synthetic organic esters, delivered to the agreed point and time of delivery
intended, for use in transformers, switchgear and similar related equipment in which synthetic
organic esters are required as an insulant and for heat transfer. These unused synthetic
organic esters are obtained by chemical processing and physical treatments of fatty acids and
polyols.
NOTE Maintenance of synthetic organic esters in equipment is covered in a separate standard (IEC 61203).
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC 60156, Insulating liquids – Determination of the breakdown voltage at power frequency –
Test method.
IEC 60247, Insulating liquids – Measurement of relative permittivity, dielectric dissipation
factor (tan δ) and d.c. resistivity
IEC 60475, Method of sampling liquid dielectrics
IEC 60628:1985, Gassing of insulating liquids under electrical stress and ionization
IEC 60814, Insulating liquids – Oil-impregnated paper and pressboard – Determination of
water by automatic coulometric Karl Fischer titration
IEC 61039, Classification of insulating liquids
IEC 61125:1992, Unused hydrocarbon-based insulating liquids – Test methods for evaluating
the oxidation stability
IEC 61620, Insulating liquids – Determination of the dielectric dissipation factor by
measurement of the conductance and capacitance – Test method
IEC 62021-1, Insulating liquids – Determination of acidity – Part 1: Automatic potentiometric
titration
IEC 62021-2, Insulating liquids – Determination of acidity – Part 2: Colourimetric titration
ISO 2211, Liquid chemical products – Measurement of colour in Hazen units (platinum-cobalt
scale)
61099 © IEC:2010 – 7 –
ISO 2592, Determination of flash and fire-points – Cleveland open cup method
ISO 2719, Determination of flash-point – Pensky Martens closed cup method
ISO 3016, Petroleum products – Determination of pour-point
ISO 3104, Petroleum products – Transparent and opaque liquids – Determination of kinematic
viscosity and calculation of dynamic viscosity
ISO 3675, Crude petroleum and liquid petroleum products – Laboratory determination of
density – Hydrometer method
ISO 12185, Crude petroleum and petroleum products – Determination of density – Oscillating
U-tube method
OECD 301:1992, OECD guideline for testing of chemicals – Ready biodegradability
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
unused synthetic organic esters
liquid based on synthetic organic esters as delivered by the supplier
3.2
additive
suitable chemical substance/s which is/are deliberately added to a synthetic organic ester in
order to improve certain characteristics, e.g. pour point, viscosity, foaming, oxidation stability
NOTE If additives are used, these should be mentioned by the supplier to the user, if requested. This may involve
issues of confidentiality in an agreement. Additives, if used, need to comply with local regulations.
4 General remarks
The unused synthetic organic esters to which this standard applies are liquids which contain
only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. They are prepared from mono- or polyhydric alcohols and
mono- or polybasic aliphatic or aromatic acids. Commercial products may be based on single
esters or a mixture of esters and may contain oxidation inhibitors and other additives.
Unused synthetic organic esters selected for use in transformers have high flash and fire
points and are therefore relatively difficult to ignite. They may, however, have slightly higher
viscosities than mineral insulating oils.
Unused synthetic organic esters are more hygroscopic than mineral oils and this aspect will
need to be considered in their use and maintenance.
NOTE Such a liquid, by definition, has not been used in, nor been in contact with, electrical equipment or other
equipment not required for manufacture, storage or transport. The manufacturers and suppliers of unused synthetic
organic esters will have taken all reasonable precautions to ensure that the liquid is not contaminated with
polychlorinated biphenyls or terphenyls (PCB, PCT); used, reclaimed or dechlorinated oils; or other contaminants.

– 8 – 61099 © IEC:2010
5 Health, safety and environment (HSE) properties (liquid properties related to
safe handling and environment protection)
5.1 Flash point and fire point
The safe operation of electrical equipment requires an adequately high fire point that is
measured in accordance with ISO 2592 (Cleveland open cup). Flash point is measured with
ISO 2719 (Pensky-Martens closed cup procedure).
5.2 Biodegradation
Unused synthetic organic esters as supplied in electrical applications are of interest because
of their higher fire points and better environmental compatibility, relative to petroleum derived
insulating mineral oil. Specific tests need to be undertaken to demonstrate biodegradability of
these liquids. Tests include OECD 301 / OPPTS 835.3110 (US EPA). The biodegradability of
unused synthetic ester fluids can be classified using OECD 301 according to the IEC 61039.
5.3 Toxicity
Unused synthetic organic esters are considered non-toxic and suppliers shall supply assays
that define the product as non-toxic.
NOTE Toxicity of unused synthetic organic ester can be assessed with test methods such as modified Ames
assay or other suitable internationally recognized assays.
6 Classification, identification, general delivery requirements, sampling,
packaging and disposal
6.1 Classification
For the purpose of this standard, unused synthetic ester insulating liquids are classified into a
single class: less flammable synthetic organic ester liquids.
6.2 Identification and general delivery requirements, sampling, packaging and
disposal
Requirements shall be as follows:
a) Unused synthetic organic esters are normally delivered in bulk, in rail tank cars, tank
containers or packed in drums or intermediate bulk containers. These shall be clean and
suitable for this purpose to avoid any contamination.
b) Liquid drums and sample containers shall carry at least the following markings:
– supplier’s designation;
– classification;
– liquid net weight.
c) Unused synthetic organic ester delivery shall be accompanied by a document from the
supplier specifying at least: supplier’s designation, liquid classification and quality
certificate. At the purchaser’s request, the supplier shall indicate the presence of any
additive.
6.3 Storage
Storage should preferably be indoors and in suitable closed containers to prevent ingress of
contamination. In the event of accidental contamination by water and/or solid particles during
storage, the liquid can normally be restored to an acceptable quality by vacuum treatment
followed by filtration or by using solid drying agents such as molecular sieves, followed by
filtration.
61099 © IEC:2010 – 9 –
6.4 Representative sampling
Representative sampling shall be carried out in accordance with the procedure described in
IEC 60475.
6.5 Disposal and spillages
Synthetic organic esters should be disposed of in accordance with local regulations.
Spillages should be cleaned according to the directions given in the materials safety data
sheet.
7 Properties of synthetic organic esters
NOTE Characteristics are listed in specification Sheet 1.
7.1 Physical properties, significance and test methods
7.1.1 Colour
Colour shall be measured according to ISO 2211.
7.1.2 Appearance
A visual inspection of synthetic ester liquids (oil sample in transmitted light under a thickness
of approximately 10 cm and at ambient temperature) indicates the presence of visible
contaminants, free water and suspended matter.
7.1.3 Density
Density of the liquid shall be measured in accordance with ISO 3675 or ISO 12185.
7.1.4 Kinematic viscosity
Kinematic viscosity shall be measured according to ISO 3104.
NOTE The cold start behaviour of synthetic organic esters may be different from mineral oil.
7.1.5 Flash point and fire point
The safe operation of electrical equipment requires an adequately high flash and fire point.
The flash point is measured by ISO 2719 (Pensky-Martens closed cup procedure), and the fire
point is measured in accordance with ISO 2592 (Cleveland open cup).
7.1.6 Pour point
The pour point shall be determined according to ISO 3016.
7.1.7 Crystallization
Crystallisation shall be determined according to the test method description in Annex A.
7.1.8 Water content
Water content shall be measured in accordance with IEC 60814.
7.1.9 Acidity
The acidity should be determined in accordance with IEC 62021-1 or IEC 62021-2.
NOTE Precision data reported in these methods do not apply to synthetic esters.

– 10 – 61099 © IEC:2010
7.1.10 Oxidation stability
Oxidation stability of synthetic organic esters can be assessed with IEC 61125:1992, Method
C for 164 h. There is also the option to test at 500 h to allow for the extra stability of synthetic
organic esters. This extra test is optional with no requirement in this standard.
8 Electrical properties
8.1 Breakdown voltage
Breakdown voltage of unused synthetic esters insulating liquid shall be measured in
accordance with IEC 60156. However, because of the different properties of synthetic esters
as compared to mineral oil, an extended initial set up time is required.
NOTE To include the wait time for the extra viscosity of synthetic ester, some modification of the method may be
needed. This is an extension of the time between pouring into the test cell and testing to allow gas bubbles to
come out of the fluid. It is recommended that a wait period of at least 1 h between loading the cell and the first
breakdown arc is recommended. Also to ensure that there are no visible bubbles in the liquid.
8.2 Dielectric dissipation factor, permittivity and d.c. resistivity
The dielectric dissipation factor (DDF) is a measure for dielectric losses caused by the liquid.
Increased DDF can indicate contamination of the liquid by moisture, particles or soluble polar
contaminants or poor refining quality. DDF shall be measured in accordance with IEC 60247
or IEC 61620 both methods at 90 °C. In case of dispute, IEC 60247 at 90 °C should be used.
8.3 Gassing tendency
Gassing tendency shall be measured according to Method A of IEC 60628:1985 but there is
no requirement in this standard.
9 Specifications for synthetic organic esters used in transformers
When tested in accordance with the methods specified in this standard, the properties of the
unused liquid shall comply with the requirements given in specification sheet 1.

61099 © IEC:2010 – 11 –
Specification sheet 1 –
Transformer ester – Type T1
This type of ester is prepared from a polyhydric alcohol (polyol) and a mixture of
monocarboxylic acids with suitable stabilizing additives as required to meet the properties
specified below.
Permissible
Property Test method
values
Physical
Colour ISO 2211 Max. 200 Hazen
Appearance Visual Clear, free from water and
suspended matter and
sediment
Density at 20 °C (kg/dm ) ISO 3675 Max. 1 000
or ISO 12185
Kinematic viscosity at  40 °C (mm /s) ISO 3104 Max. 35
at –20 °C (mm /s) Max. 3 000
Flash-point (°C) ISO 2719 Min. 250
Fire-point (°C) ISO 2592 Min. 300
Pour-point (°C) ISO 3016 Max. –45

Chemical
a
Water content (mg/kg) IEC 60814 Max. 200
Acidity (mg KOH/g) IEC 62021-1 or IEC 62021- 2  Max. 0,03
b
Oxidation stability IEC 61125, Method C
Test duration 164 h
Total acidity (mg KOH/g)  Max. 0,3
Total sludge (% mass) Max. 0,01
Electrical
a
Breakdown voltage (kV) IEC 60156 Min. 45
(See Clause 8)
a, c
Dielectric dissipation factor, tan δ IEC 60247 or IEC 61620 Max. 0,03
at 90 °C and 50 Hz
IEC 60247 Min. 2
DC resistivity at 90 °C (GΩ × m)
a
For untreated liquid, as received.
b
Oxidation stability (IEC 61125, Method C) at 500 h is an optional extra test. No requirement in this standard.
c
For frequencies (f (Hz)) in the range of 48 Hz to 62 Hz, convert values as follows:
f()Hz
tan δ[]f()50 Hz = × tan δ[]f()Hz
– 12 – 61099 © IEC:2010
Annex A
(informative)
Determination of crystallization

A.1 General comment
Determining the likelihood of crystal formation in synthetic organic esters could be a
requirement for type testing.
A.2 Outline of the method
This method describes a procedure for assessing the tendency of synthetic organic esters to
crystallize under certain specific conditions.
A.3 Apparatus
The apparatus shall consist of
a) crystallizing dish of adequate capacity (150 ml to 250 ml),
b) a refrigerator able to maintain a temperature of –25 °C ± 1 °C.
A.4 Procedure
Proceed as follows:
a) Pour approximately 100 ml of the synthetic organic ester to be tested into the crystallizing
dish.
b) Store the crystallizing dish filled with the synthetic ester in the refrigerator for 16 h
maintained at –25 °C ±1 °C.
c) At the end of the test period examine the liquid sample visually in order to detect the
presence of crystals.
61099 © IEC:2010 – 13 –
Annex B
(informative)
Specifications for synthetic organic esters used in capacitors

This specification concerning synthetic organic esters used in capacitors is based on the
previous version of this standard, and is only included here for information.
When tested in accordance with the methods specified in this standard, the properties of the
unused synthetic organic esters shall comply with the requirements given in specification
sheet 2.
Specification sheet 2 –
Capacitor ester – Type C1
This type of ester usually consists entirely of di-2-ethylhexyl orthophthalate.
Permissible
Property Test method
values
Physical
– Colour ISO 2211 Max. 200
– Appearance Visual Clear, free from
suspended matter and
sediment
– Density at 20 °C (kg/dm ) ISO 3675 Max. 0,990
or ISO 12185
– Viscosity at 40 °C (mm /s) ISO 3104 Max. 30
– Flash-point (°C) ISO 2719 Min. 190
– Fire-point (°C) ISO 2592 Min. 220
– Pour-point (°C) ISO 3016 Max. –39
Chemical
a
– Water content (mg/kg) IEC 60814 Max. 200
– Neutralization value (mg KOH/g) IEC 62021- 1 or  Max. 0,03
IEC 62021- 2
Electrical
a
– Breakdown voltage (kV) IEC 60156 Min. 50
a
...