IEC 63002:2025

Interoperability specifications and communication method for external power supplies used with computing and consumer electronics devices

IEC 63002:2025 defines common charging interoperability guidelines for power sources (external power supplies (EPSs) and other Sources) used with computing and consumer electronics devices that implement IEC 62680‑1‑3 (USB Type-C® Cable and Connector Specification). This document defines normative requirements for an EPS to ensure interoperability; in particular, it specifies the data communicated from a power source to a device and certain safety elements of the EPS, cable, and device. While the requirements focus of this document is on the EPS and the behaviour at its USB Type-C connector interface, it is also important to comprehend cable assembly and device capabilities and behaviours in order to assure end-to-end charging interoperability. This document does not apply to all design aspects of an EPS. This document does not specify regulatory compliance requirements for aspects such as product safety, EMC, or energy efficiency. This document provides recommendations for the behaviour of a device when used with a power source compliant with this document. It specifies the minimum hardware specification for an EPS implementing IEC 62680‑1‑3. This document also specifies the data objects used by a charging system utilizing IEC 62680‑1‑2 to understand the identity, design and performance characteristics, and operating status of an external power supply. IEC 62680‑1‑2 focuses on power delivery applications ranging to 240 W for a variety of computing and consumer electronics devices including notebook computers, tablets, smartphones, small form-factor desktops, monitor displays and other multimedia devices. This document relies on established mechanical and electrical specifications, and communication protocols specified by IEC 62680‑1‑2 and IEC 62680‑1‑3. These specifications support methods for establishing the best performing interoperability between untested combinations of EPS and devices with the aim of improving consumer satisfaction. Information describing the USB charging interoperability model, overview of USB Type-C and USB Power Delivery specifications, and factors for charging performance are also provided to support implementation of this document. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2021. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) power range is increased to 240 W;
b) AVS mode is introduced;
c) Annex A updates issues of arbitrary combinations of AC adapter and device;
d) Annex B describes new safeguards for EPR mode;
e) Annex C and Annex D are updated.

Spécifications d'interopérabilité et méthode de communication pour les alimentations externes utilisées avec les dispositifs informatiques et les dispositifs électroniques grand public

L'IEC 63002:2025 définit des lignes directrices pour l'interopérabilité de la charge commune des sources d'alimentation (alimentations externes [EPS] et autres Sources) utilisées avec les dispositifs informatiques et les dispositifs électroniques grand public qui mettent en œuvre l'IEC 62680‑1‑3 (spécification des câbles et connecteurs USB Type-C®). Le présent document définit les exigences normatives des EPS en matière d'interopérabilité; il spécifie notamment les données communiquées par une source d'alimentation à un dispositif et certains éléments de sécurité de l'EPS, du câble et du dispositif. Alors que les exigences définies dans le présent document concernent l'EPS et le comportement au niveau de l'interface de son connecteur USB Type-C, il est également important de comprendre les capacités et le comportement des ensembles de câbles et des dispositifs afin d'assurer une interopérabilité de bout en bout de la charge. Le présent document ne couvre pas tous les aspects de conception d'une EPS. Le présent document ne définit pas les exigences de conformité réglementaire pour des aspects tels que la sécurité des produits, la compatibilité électromagnétique (CEM) ou l'efficacité énergétique. Le présent document fournit des recommandations pour le comportement d'un dispositif lorsqu'il est utilisé avec une source d'alimentation conforme au présent document. Il spécifie les caractéristiques matérielles minimales exigées pour une EPS qui met en œuvre l'IEC 62680‑1‑3. Le présent document spécifie également les objets de données utilisés par un système de charge conforme à l'IEC 62680‑1‑2 pour comprendre les caractéristiques d'identité, de conception et de performance, ainsi que l'état de fonctionnement d'une alimentation externe. L'IEC 62680‑1‑2 se concentre sur les applications d'alimentation électrique jusqu'à 240 W pour une large gamme de dispositifs informatiques et de dispositifs électroniques grand public, notamment les ordinateurs portables, les tablettes, les mobiles multifonctions, les ordinateurs de bureau compacts, les moniteurs et d'autres dispositifs multimédias. Le présent document s'appuie sur les spécifications mécaniques et électriques établies, ainsi que sur les protocoles de communication spécifiés dans l'IEC 62680‑1‑2 et l'IEC 62680‑1‑3. Ces spécifications décrivent les méthodes qui visent à optimiser l'interopérabilité entre les combinaisons EPS-dispositif qui n'ont pas été soumises à l'essai dans le but d'améliorer la satisfaction du client. Le présent document décrit également le modèle d'interopérabilité de la charge USB, la spécification USB Type-C et la spécification de l'alimentation électrique par port USB, ainsi que les facteurs de rendement de charge nécessaires aux fins de mise en œuvre. L'IEC 63002 a été établie par le domaine technique 18: Systèmes et applications domestiques multimédias pour les réseaux d'utilisateurs finaux, du comité d'études 100 de l'IEC: Systèmes et équipements audio, vidéo et services de données. Il s'agit d'une Norme internationale. Cette troisième édition annule et remplace la deuxième édition parue en 2021.
Cette édition constitue une révision technique. Cette édition inclut les modifications techniques majeures suivantes par rapport à l'édition précédente:
a) la plage de puissance est étendue à 240 W;
b) le mode AVS est introduit;
c) l'Annexe A met à jour les questions relatives aux combinaisons adaptateur-dispositif en courant alternatif arbitraires;
d) l'Annexe B décrit les nouvelles protections pour le mode EPR;
e) l'Annexe C et l'Annexe D sont mises à jour.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 16-Jun-2025
• ICS: 31.020 - Electronic components in general
• ICS: 35.200 - Interface and interconnection equipment
• Technical Committee: TA 18 - Multimedia home systems and applications for end-user networks
• Drafting Committee: MT 63002 - TC 100/TA 18/MT 63002
• Current Stage: PPUB - Publication issued
• Start Date: 17-Jun-2025
• Completion Date: 02-Jul-2025

Relations

• Revises: IEC 63002:2021 - Interoperability specifications and communication method for external power supplies used with computing and consumer electronics devices
• Effective Date: 05-Sep-2023

Overview

IEC 63002:2025 is the latest international standard published by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) that defines interoperability specifications and communication methods for external power supplies (EPSs) used with computing and consumer electronics devices. This third edition revises and extends prior releases, increasing the supported power range to 240 W and introducing new operational modes such as AVS (Adaptive Voltage Scaling). The standard focuses on ensuring robust, safe, and interoperable charging behavior for devices and EPSs that utilize USB Type-C® connectors and USB Power Delivery (USB PD) communication as specified in IEC 62680‑1‑2 and IEC 62680‑1‑3.

By establishing normative requirements for EPS hardware, communication protocols, and safety features, IEC 63002:2025 targets improved end-to-end interoperability, allowing consumers to use external power supplies confidently across a wide range of devices including notebooks, tablets, smartphones, small desktops, monitors, and other multimedia electronics.

Key Topics

• USB Type-C and USB Power Delivery Integration
  The standard builds upon USB Type-C® Cable and Connector Specification (IEC 62680-1-3) and the USB PD protocol (IEC 62680‑1‑2) to define power negotiation, communication, and data exchange between EPSs and devices.

• Hardware and Safety Requirements
  Specifies minimum hardware characteristics for EPSs including AC input properties, environmental robustness, positive identification of the power source model, and protective mechanisms to ensure safe operation.

• Communication and Data Objects
  Defines the data objects that convey the identity, design, performance characteristics, and operating status of the power supply to the connected device, enabling intelligent power management and optimal performance.

• Enhanced Power and Modes
  Supports increased power delivery up to 240 W and introduces Adaptive Voltage Scaling (AVS) mode to optimize charging performance and efficiency across diverse device types.

• Interoperability Challenges and Safeguards
  Addresses compatibility issues arising from arbitrary combinations of devices and power sources, with annexes describing safeguards, error handling, and examples of use cases to ensure consistent user experience.

Applications

IEC 63002:2025 applies broadly to the design, manufacture, and testing of external power supplies used with modern computing and consumer electronics devices. Key applications include:

• Consumer Electronics Charging
  Facilitates universal, safe, and efficient charging of smartphones, tablets, and wearables via USB Type-C power sources.

• Computing Devices
  Ensures interoperability for notebook computers, small form-factor desktops, and other high-power computing devices requiring USB PD charging up to 240 W.

• Multimedia Peripherals
  Supports devices such as monitors and audio-visual equipment that utilize USB PD for power delivery and control.

• Power Banks and Portable Chargers
  Provides specification guidance for power sources integrated into mobile power banks that support USB PD protocols.

• Industrial and Home Appliances
  Clarifies compatibility considerations for USB Type-C external supplies used in smart home devices and small appliances, including tools and fans.

By adhering to this standard, manufacturers can deliver EPSs and devices that interoperate seamlessly, reduce consumer confusion, and improve overall product safety and performance.

Related Standards

• IEC 62680-1-2: USB Power Delivery (USB PD)
  Defines the protocol and communication framework for negotiating power contracts between EPS and devices, supporting up to 240 W power delivery.

• IEC 62680-1-3: USB Type-C Cable and Connector Specification
  Specifies the mechanical and electrical characteristics of USB Type-C connectors and cables, ensuring compatibility and power capacity declaration.

• Regional Regulatory Standards for EPSs
  While IEC 63002:2025 does not specify product safety, EMC, or energy efficiency regulations, it complements regional regulatory compliance frameworks such as those in the EU, US, and Asia that govern external power supplies.

• USB Implementers Forum (USB-IF) Compliance Program
  Supports certification and testing programs that validate compliance with USB charging interoperability requirements consistent with IEC 63002:2025.

---

Adherence to IEC 63002:2025 empowers device manufacturers, power supply designers, and system integrators to achieve matched performance, safety, and interoperability in external power supplies for the growing USB Type-C and USB PD ecosystem. This ensures consumers benefit from trusted, efficient charging solutions across a wide array of electronic devices.

Standards Content (Sample)

IEC 63002 ®
Edition 3.0 2025-06
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Interoperability specifications and communication method for external power
supplies used with computing and consumer electronics devices

Spécifications d'interopérabilité et méthode de communication pour les
alimentations externes utilisées avec les dispositifs informatiques et les
dispositifs électroniques grand public

ICS 31.020, 35.200 ISBN 978-2-8327-0461-5

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– 2 – IEC 63002:2025 © IEC 2025
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
INTRODUCTION . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 8
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 8
3.1 Terms and definitions . 8
3.2 Abbreviated terms . 10
4 EPS interoperability based on USB technologies . 10
4.1 Overview. 10
4.2 General . 11
4.3 USB standard charging summary and interoperability . 12
4.4 USB Type-C Current . 14
4.5 USB Power Delivery (USB PD) . 14
5 External power supply (EPS) specification . 15
5.1 General hardware specification . 15
5.1.1 General . 15
5.1.2 AC input characteristic . 15
5.1.3 Environmental specification . 15
5.1.4 EPS detection . 15
5.2 EPS protection . 16
5.3 Important characteristics of an external power supply . 16
5.3.1 General . 16
5.3.2 Positive identification of a unique power source model . 16
5.3.3 Static characteristics of the external power source performance and
design . 17
5.3.4 Example usage scenarios of enhanced reporting from the power source . 19
Annex A (informative) Open issues related to arbitrary combinations of power source
and device . 22
A.1 General . 22
A.2 EMC and safety . 22
A.3 Authentication, attestation, and data integrity protection . 22
A.4 Conducted noise from the EPS . 23
A.5 EPS power capacity impact on battery charging and non-battery powered
devices . 23
A.6 EPS with USB Type-C suitability for appliances or tools . 23
Annex B (informative) USB Type-C and USB Power Delivery robustness and
interoperability . 24
B.1 Overview. 24
B.2 USB Type-C Cable and Connector (IEC 62680-1-3) . 24
B.2.1 General . 24
B.2.2 Current capacity and cable identity . 24
B.2.3 Variations of cable for EPS . 24
B.2.4 Legacy support . 25
B.3 USB Power Delivery (IEC 62680-1-2) Protocol . 25
B.3.1 General . 25
B.3.2 Robustness . 25
B.3.3 Error detection and recovery . 26

B.3.4 Additional safeguards for EPR operation . 26
B.3.5 Nonstandard protocol over USB Type-C . 26
B.4 High current operation . 27
B.4.1 Fast battery charging use case . 27
B.4.2 Computing performance use case . 27
Annex C (informative) USB charging profiles and device charging performance . 28
C.1 Overview. 28
C.2 USB Type-C and USB PD power capabilities model . 28
C.3 Battery charging performance and AVS. 30
C.4 Continuous power and "Flash" battery charging . 31
Annex D (informative) Common charging interoperability use cases . 32
D.1 General . 32
D.2 Examples of device use cases . 32
D.2.1 General . 32
D.2.2 Smartphone . 32
D.2.3 Higher power computing devices (tablets, notebook computers, etc.) . 32
D.2.4 Other consumer electronics devices (smart watches, electric drills,
portable fans, etc.). 33
D.3 Examples of consumer use cases . 33
D.3.1 General . 33
D.3.2 Power Bank . 34
Annex E (informative) Conformance and market considerations . 35
E.1 General . 35
E.2 Summary of reported items and test references . 35
E.3 USB-IF Compliance Program . 36
E.4 General regulatory compliance for a power source . 37
E.5 Other considerations for system testing . 38
E.6 After-market firmware updates to power source . 38
Bibliography . 39

Figure 1 – Scope of the identification, communication and control method . 7
Figure 2 – USB EPS charging application model . 12
Figure 3 – Measurement of holdup time . 18
Figure C.1 – Source power rules for Fixed Supply operation . 29
Figure E.1 – Example USB certified charger logo . 37

Table 1 – USB standard power modes and charging interoperability . 13
Table 2 – Required USB operating modes by PDP rating . 15
Table B.1 – Supported proprietary communication over USB Type-C . 27
Table C.1 – AVS required voltage supply ranges (and optional PPS reference) . 30
Table E.1 – Summary of reported parameters from USB PD power source and their

test references . 35
Table E.2 – Examples of current regulations and standards in the EU, US, and Asia
applicable to external power supplies used with devices (non-exhaustive list) . 37

– 4 – IEC 63002:2025 © IEC 2025
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
INTEROPERABILITY SPECIFICATIONS AND COMMUNICATION METHOD
FOR EXTERNAL POWER SUPPLIES USED WITH COMPUTING AND
CONSUMER ELECTRONICS DEVICES
FOREWORD
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IEC 63002 has been prepared by technical area 18: Multimedia home systems and applications
for end-user networks, of IEC technical committee 100: Audio, video and multimedia systems
and equipment. It is an International Standard.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2021. This edition
constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
a) power range is increased to 240 W;
b) AVS mode is introduced;
c) Annex A updates issues of arbitrary combinations of AC adapter and device;
d) Annex B describes new safeguards for EPR mode;

e) Annex C and Annex D are updated.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
Draft Report on voting
100/4193/CDV 100/4272/RVC
Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
The language used for the development of this International Standard is English.
This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement, available
at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by IEC are
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specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn, or
• revised.
– 6 – IEC 63002:2025 © IEC 2025
INTRODUCTION
The objective of this document is to enable common charging interoperability of external power
supplies (EPSs) used with the increasing variety of computing and consumer electronics
®1
devices that implement IEC 62680-1-3 (USB Type-C Cable and Connector Specification) and
IEC 62680-1-2 (USB Power Delivery). Broad market adoption of this document is expected to
make a significant contribution to the global goals of consumer convenience and re-usability of
power supplies by expanding common charging interoperability across different product
categories while preserving backwards compatibility with the installed base of billions of
IEC 62680 compliant devices worldwide.
This document specifies the minimum technical requirements for interoperability and includes
recommendations for EPS functionality when used with computing and electronics devices. The
approach taken by this document, focused on enabling common charging interoperability, can
allow manufacturers to innovate in aspects such as technical design, system performance, and
energy efficiency. Furthermore, common charging interoperability enables manufacturers to
design specific EPSs that match the requirements of target devices (functionality, cost, etc.)
and use cases, while at the same time enables consumers to use the EPS for charging other
IEC 62680 USB compliant devices, across various product types.
IEC 62680-1-3 adoption is well underway in global markets for a wide range of devices using
as much as 240 W, including notebook computers, tablets, smartphones, small form-factor
desktop computers, and other consumer electronics devices. This document enables the
reporting of the identity and power characteristics of power sources (EPSs and other Sources)
supported by IEC 62680-1-3 (USB Type-C) and specifies interoperability guidelines when using
IEC 62680-1-2 (USB Power Delivery). The method for identification of a specific power source
can enable equipment manufacturers to ensure compliant operation using these specifications
and promotes data communication that can be used by the device to predict and mitigate
interoperability concerns when an unfamiliar or incompatible EPS is connected to the device.
This document also provides important information regarding consumer safety, system
reliability as well as relevant global standards and regulatory compliance.
Other international and regional standards, and government policies for "universal" or "common
power adapters" that reference this document are expected to take into account open technical
and regulatory compliance issues that are associated with untested or arbitrary combinations
of EPSs and devices such as those identified in Annex A. As well, the limitations and issues
with approaches to define "common chargers" should be considered compared with the benefits
of this document's approach with focus on enabling common charging interoperability. For
clarity, this document focuses on interoperability specifications in order to support global
industry in developing safe, innovative, environmentally conscious, and end-to-end
interoperable charging solutions that meet regulatory requirements and evolving market needs.

___________
USB4® and USB Type-C® are trademarks of the Universal Serial Bus Implementers Forum (USB-IF). This
information is given for the convenience of users of this document and does not constitute an endorsement by
IEC.
INTEROPERABILITY SPECIFICATIONS AND COMMUNICATION METHOD
FOR EXTERNAL POWER SUPPLIES USED WITH COMPUTING AND
CONSUMER ELECTRONICS DEVICES
1 Scope
This document defines common charging interoperability guidelines for power sources (external
power supplies (EPSs) and other Sources) used with computing and consumer electronics ®
devices that implement IEC 62680-1-3 (USB Type-C Cable and Connector Specification).
This document defines normative requirements for an EPS to ensure interoperability; in
particular, it specifies the data communicated from a power source to a device (Figure 1) and
certain safety elements of the EPS, cable, and device. While the requirements focus of this
document is on the EPS and the behaviour at its USB Type-C connector interface, it is also
important to comprehend cable assembly and device capabilities and behaviours in order to
assure end-to-end charging interoperability. This document does not apply to all design aspects
of an EPS. This document does not specify regulatory compliance requirements for aspects
such as product safety, EMC, or energy efficiency.

Figure 1 – Scope of the identification, communication and control method
This document provides recommendations for the behaviour of a device when used with a power
source compliant with this document. It specifies the minimum hardware specification for an
EPS implementing IEC 62680-1-3. This document also specifies the data objects used by a
charging system utilizing IEC 62680-1-2 to understand the identity, design and performance
characteristics, and operating status of an external power supply. IEC 62680-1-2 focuses on
power delivery applications ranging to 240 W for a variety of computing and consumer
electronics devices including notebook computers, tablets, smartphones, small form-factor
desktops, monitor displays and other multimedia devices.
This document relies on established mechanical and electrical specifications, and
communication protocols specified by IEC 62680-1-2 and IEC 62680-1-3. These specifications
support methods for establishing the best performing interoperability between untested
combinations of EPS and devices with the aim of improving consumer satisfaction.
Information describing the USB charging interoperability model, overview of USB Type-C and
USB Power Delivery specifications, and factors for charging performance are also provided to
support implementation of this document.

– 8 – IEC 63002:2025 © IEC 2025
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.
For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 60990, Methods of measurement of touch current and protective conductor current
IEC 62368-1:2023, Audio/video, information and communication technology equipment – Part 1:
Safety requirements
IEC 62680-1-2, Universal serial bus interfaces for data and power – Part 1-2: Common
components – USB Power Delivery specification
IEC 62680-1-3:2024, Universal serial bus interfaces for data and power – Part 1-3: Common
components – USB Type-C® cable and connector specification
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1.1
VID
vendor identification
unique 16-bit unsigned value assigned by the USB-IF to a given vendor
3.1.2
Source
power supply
power source
device designed to comply with IEC 62680-1-2 that supplies power over V
BUS
EXAMPLE An EPS, a USB connector on a PC, laptop computer, vehicle, AC outlet, docking station, or battery pack.
3.1.3
Sink
power sink
device designed to comply with IEC 62680-1-2 that receives and consumes power over V
BUS
EXAMPLE A computing device.
Note 1 to entry: Sometimes referred to as the device.
3.1.4
charging
charge
transfer of power over USB connector and cable
Note 1 to entry: "battery charging" is a specific use by a Sink that is enabled by "charging".

3.1.5
external power supply
EPS
power source contained in a separate physical enclosure external to the device casing and
designed to convert mains power supply to lower DC voltage(s) for the purpose of powering the
device
EXAMPLE A charging block or a power adapter.
3.1.6
Programmable Power Supply
PPS
optional capability in IEC 62680-1-2 where a device (Sink) can adaptively adjust the SPR EPS
(Source) output voltage in small increments and set maximum current within its advertised
range
Note 1 to entry: In IEC 62680-1-2, an EPS that supports PPS is called a "Fast Charger".
3.1.7
Fixed Supply
power source whose output voltage is regulated at certain voltages
Note 1 to entry: Standardized voltages in IEC 62680-1-2 are 5 V, 9 V, 15 V and 20 V for SPR and 28 V, 36 V, and
48 V for EPR.
3.1.8
USB PD power
PDP
nominal power capacity of the charger defined by IEC 62680-1-2 for use to indicate to
consumers
Note 1 to entry: The PDP rating is indicated both on the USB charger certification logo and within the USB PD
Source capabilities advertisement to the Sink. For any given PDP rating, the minimum capabilities in terms of
supported voltages and currents are deterministic, as defined in IEC 62680-1-2.
3.1.9
charging cable
cable used between the EPS and device to be charged
Note 1 to entry: The cable connection to the EPS is a USB Type-C plug in accordance with IEC 62680-1-3. The
cable connection to the device can be either a USB Type-C plug, a legacy USB plug (e.g. USB Micro-B in accordance
with IEC 62680-2-2), or a non-USB device-specific connection (either permanent or detachable). Charging cables
can be application-specific to enable interoperability between the USB Type-C-based EPS defined by this document
and both existing and future devices and including devices that are not able to accommodate USB Type-C receptacles,
e.g. smart watches.
3.1.10
captive cable
permanently attached cable
cable that has a USB Type-C plug on one end and is either hard-wired into a device on the
other end or has a device-specific plug on the other end
Note 1 to entry: When a device-specific plug is used on one end, the cable can be detachable in a physical sense
but is considered "functionally captive" to the device given it does not use a USB-defined connector on the device
end but otherwise functions as a USB device. This definition has remained the USB definition in IEC 62680-2-1
(USB 2.0).
3.1.11
standard power range
SPR
USB power source limited to 20 V and 100 W or less

– 10 – IEC 63002:2025 © IEC 2025
3.1.12
extended power range
EPR
USB power source up to 48 V and 240 W
3.1.13
Adjustable Voltage Supply
AVS
optional capability in IEC 62680-1-2 where a device (Sink) can adaptively vary the Source
output voltage in small increments within its advertised range
3.2 Abbreviated terms
AC alternating current
AVS Adjustable Voltage Supply
CC configuration channel
CRC cyclic redundancy check
DC direct current
EMC electromagnetic compatibility
EMI electromagnetic interference
EPR Extended Power Range
EPS external power supply
IoC contracted operating current
LPS limited power source
OEM original equipment manufacturer
OVP overvoltage protection
PDO power data object
PFC power factor correction
PDP USB PD Power
PID product identification
PPS Programmable Power Supply
SPR Standard Power Range
VAC volts alternating current
USB universal serial bus
USB PD universal serial bus power delivery
USB-IF Universal Serial Bus Implementers Forum
VDM Vendor Defined Message
VID vendor identification
4 EPS interoperability based on USB technologies
4.1 Overview
This Clause 4 describes the USB common charging interoperability model and provides a
summary of the USB Type-C and USB Power Delivery technologies specified in IEC 62680‑1‑3
and IEC 62680-1-2, respectively.

4.2 General
Since its introduction, USB charging technology has consistently provided 5 V DC (up to 7,5 W)
power over the common USB Standard-A connector on the power source. This technology has
continuously evolved to support higher charging power, increased capabilities, and simplified
charging interoperability, while maintaining backwards and forwards interoperability, resulting
in a growing ecosystem of devices and use cases that are adopting USB charging technology.
With the USB Type-C technology, base charging capacity is increased up to 15 W over the USB
Type-C connector. When used with defined legacy cables and adapters, USB Type-C-based
power sources, remain electrically and functionally interoperable with previous generations of
USB devices, while enabling new capabilities for USB Type-C supported devices.
USB Power Delivery (USB PD) software technology has enabled a rapid evolution of charging
models and an increasing scope of products using the USB Type-C connector. Both power
capability and support of new charging models have evolved with each generation of USB PD
protocols: First as the USB Type-C connector has evolved from fixed voltage to standardized
voltages and 100 W Standard Power Range (SPR) capabilities, then to 240 W Extended Power
Range (EPR), and then to the Adjustable Voltage Supply (AVS) protocol. Each generation is
deliberately distinct while maintaining strict reliability and interoperability. It is anticipated that
the trend for higher power capable EPS is to implement EPR with AVS protocol as these
capabilities simplify charging interoperability with different devices, improve user experience,
and reduce design complexity for more devices to support USB charging.
Figure 2 illustrates the USB EPS charging application model consisting of the EPS (Source)
with a USB Type-C receptacle, the device to be charged (Sink) and the charging cable
connecting the device to the EPS. This model also enables compatibility with devices that are
based on legacy USB connectors, have a permanently attached cable, or use a cable that is
device specific. Several usage examples demonstrating end-to-end charging interoperability
based on this comprehensive model are presented in Annex D.

– 12 – IEC 63002:2025 © IEC 2025

Figure 2 – USB EPS charging application model
In Figure 2, the last two devices illustrated align with the USB definition of a captive cable
assembly – supporting these device usage configurations enables USB to support charging
interoperability across a wider variety of applications that implement a non-USB standard
receptacle or connector for any number of usage or design reasons but otherwise function as
USB devices. Examples of these applications include a device that has a non-USB receptacle
(such as a wireless charger), or a USB power bank that incorporates a permanently attached
cable for user convenience.
This charging model for USB Type-C is fundamentally the same as the previous generation
USB charging model consisting of an EPS with a USB Standard-A receptacle which is the basis
for charging interoperability specified in IEC 62684 [1] . This USB Standard-A EPS model will
continue to be supported even with new devices which are based on USB Type-C receptacles
since USB-defined transition cables and adapters are readily available to enable charging
interoperability.
4.3 USB standard charging summary and interoperability
Table 1 summarizes the standard charging modes defined by USB specifications, including the
applicable USB connectors for each of the defined power modes.
___________
Numbers in square brackets refer to the Bibliography.

While the USB Type-C connector is functionally compatible with all existing USB power options,
the older USB Standard-A and USB Micro-B cannot support advanced USB Type-C dedicated
power modes – these power modes are indicated in row 6 of Table 1. As read down the rows
of Table 1, each subsequent power mode is required to support backward-compatibility with all
of the power modes above it – in this way, USB-defined interoperability between newer power
sources is readily assured with older power sinks.
Table 1 – USB standard power modes and charging interoperability
IEC specification Power Applicable Voltage Current Interoperability
mode receptacle
connectors
a
IEC 62680-2-1 [2] USB Standard-A 5 V 0,5 A Forward compatibility
USB 2.0
supported using USB
(Source)
IEC 62680-2-2 [3]
Standard-A to USB
b
USB Micro-B
Type-C cables or USB
IEC 62680-2-3 [4]
(Sink)
Micro-B to USB Type-C
adapters.
USB Type-C
(Source or Sink)
Backward compatibility
supported using USB
IEC 62680-3-1 [5] USB 3.0, USB Standard-A 5 V 0,9 A
Type-C to USB Micro-B
USB 3.1, (Source)
cables.
a
USB 3.2
b
USB Micro-B
(Sink)
USB Type-C
(Source or Sink)
IEC 62684 [1] USB BC 1.2 USB Standard-A 5 V Up to 1,5 A
(Source)
c
USB Micro-B
(Sink)
USB Type-C
(Source or Sink)
IEC 62680-1-3 USB Type-C USB Type-C 5 V 1,5 A Functionally compatible
Current at (Source or Sink) with USB BC 1.2
3 A
1,5 A or compatible Sinks up to
3,0 A 1,5 A.
Backward compatibility
in BC 1.2 mode
supported using USB
Type-C to USB Micro-B
cables.
IEC 62680-1-2 USB Power USB Type-C Configurable Configurable
USB4 ® uses USB PD
d
Delivery (Source or Sink) from 9 V to
up to 5 A as its power mode.
(USB PD) 20 V
AVS protocol (allowing
SPR mode
configuration of any
USB Power Configurable
voltage from 9 V to
d
Delivery
maximum rated voltage)
up to 48 V
(USB PD) is required for all EPS
EPR mode
rated 28 W and higher.
a
These specifications do not explicitly define charging support requirements. When USB data ports also support
charging, the current capabilities of these ports are typically based on what is defined for a USB port operating
in its high power configured state, i.e. 500 mA for USB 2.0.
b
While less common, USB Standard-B and USB Mini-B are also applicable for a Sink.
c
While less common, USB Micro-AB is also applicable for a Sink.
d
Power transfer over 60 W (3 A) or 20 V requires use of an electronically marked 240 W (5 A, 48 V) cable if the
EPS is a detachable cable design.

Annex B provides further detail on the robustness and interoperability characteristics of USB
Type-C and USB Power Delivery solutions.

– 14 – IEC 63002:2025 © IEC 2025
4.4 USB Type-C Current
The USB Type-C Current power mode provides up to 15 W, based on a regulated 5 V power
source with up to 3 A operation. This power mode does not require USB PD capability and
instead uses a simple analogue method over the USB Type-C Configuration Channel (CC)
interface for a Source to advertise its available current to a Sink. A USB Type-C Source can
advertise default USB Type-C Current (500 mA or 900 mA, based on the version of the USB
port and cable), USB Type-C Current at 1,5 A (7,5 W) or USB Type-C Current at 3 A (15 W).
4.5 USB Power Delivery (USB PD)
Power transfer at more than 15 W, 5 V, or 3 A shall comply with IEC 62680-1-2 (USB Power
Delivery). USB Power Delivery standardizes the discovery, configuration and functional
operation of more capable USB Type-C power sources and battery chargers. The USB PD
protocol, operating as a digital communication over the USB Type-C Configuration Channel (CC)
interface, enables a predictable, reliable user experience based on a common set of robust
mechanisms and communication exchanges between the USB Source and Sink. The
comprehensive set of power delivery methods supported by the USB PD protocol enables a
broad range of charging approaches and profiles that are specific to the design and operation
of the device being powered (the Sink) – this enables device designs to evolve and innovate,
even enjoying new capabilities with a different EPS, while the capabilities of another USB PD-
based EPS can remain a constant.
USB PD protocol is used to provide system control, error detection and handshaking. The four
required steps for enabling power delivery are:
1) Source offers its capabilities.
2) Sink requests from the offered capabilities.
3) Source accepts the request.
4) Source indicates that it is ready to provide power.
USB PD protocol can also be used for reporting the status (overcurrent protection,
overtemperature protection, overvoltage protection, etc.) of the Source.
The USB PD protocol recognizes two voltage regulation methods.
– Fixed Supply charging model: Provides a set of selectable fixed voltage and current
combinations. IEC 62680-1-2 requires voltages that include 5 V, 9 V, 15 V and 20 V in SPR
mode and 28 V, 36 V, and 48 V in EPR mode. The Source can offer as much as 5 A,
depending on the cable current rating.
– Adjustable charging models: Adjustable Voltage Supply (AVS) and Programmable Power
Supply (PPS) charging models enable fine control over voltage, providing the benefit of a
decrease of heating in the device for example to help facilitate faster battery charge. AVS
and PPS give the Sink precise control of voltage, or (in PPS only) a maximum regulated
source current limit, that may relieve the heat generation and thermal rise due to voltage
regulation.
USB PD EPS are required to indicate a user-visible USB PD Power (PDP) rating. The PDP
rating is expressed in watts ranging from 15 W to 240 W and eases the user experience by
matching the chargers' capabilities (voltage and USB PD capability) with the device needs. As
shown in Table 2, these capabilities are progressive with PDP rating—meaning that for any
given PDP rating, the capabilities associated with all lower PDP ratings are required in the
charger in order to assure safe downward compatibility with lower-power devices. See Annex C
for more information.
Table 2 – Required USB operating modes by PDP rating
PDP rating Shall incrementally have
Any PDP 5 V
More than 15 W USB PD
28 W or more Adjustable voltage supply (AVS)
More than 100 W EPR mode
As indicated in Table 2, interoperability between EPSs and devices is supported when different
USB PD charging modes are supported:
• All USB Type-C EPS with PDP rating of 15 W or below are only required to support 5 V.
USB PD support is optional and not required.
• EPS rated above 15 W PDP shall also employ USB PD and enable a 9 V fixed supply.
• EPS rated at 28 W or more shall support certain determined fixed voltages and also AVS.
The USB Type-C and USB Power Delivery specifications continue to evolve as data
performance and power needs increase over time, supporting new product designs and
technology innovations.
5 External power supply (EPS) specification
5.1 General hardware specification
5.1.1 General
An EPS compliant with this document shall provide power on at least one USB Type-C
receptacle compliant with IEC 62680-1-3. A power cable assembly, supplied with EPS
compliant with this document shall comply with IEC 62680
...