ISO 12214:2002
(Main)Road vehicles — Direction-of-motion stereotypes for automotive hand controls
Road vehicles — Direction-of-motion stereotypes for automotive hand controls
This International Standard gives design recommendations and requirements for the direction-of-motion of hand controls found in passenger, multipurpose and commercial vehicles, and buses.
Véhicules routiers — Stéréotypes de sens d'action sur les commandes manuelles dans l'automobile
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 12214
First edition
2002-03-01
Road vehicles — Direction-of-motion
stereotypes for automotive hand controls
Véhicules routiers — Stéréotypes de sens d'action sur les commandes
manuelles dans l'automobile
Reference number
ISO 12214:2002(E)
©
ISO 2002
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ISO 12214:2002(E)
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ISO 12214:2002(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO
member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical
committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has
the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in
liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted
by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International
Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 12214 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 13, Ergonomics
applicable to road vehicles.
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ISO 12214:2002(E)
Introduction
Drivers develop expectations regarding the operating motions of various types of controls as a result of their
accumulated experience with vehicle controls. To simplify the operation of controls for drivers, the direction-of-
motion to operate these controls needs to conform to these expectations, or stereotypes.
The strength of a stereotype varies with the control configuration (control type, location, orientation, and mounting
plane). Studies have demonstrated that stereotype strength is not related to driver age, gender, or left- or right-
handedness. Failure to conform to direction-of-motion stereotypes can lead to actuation errors, longer operating
times, and an increase in driver workload.
This International Standard is based on past research and general human factor principles. Control labelling and
tactile or shape coding are not addressed in this document. However appropriate labelling and coding can improve
the accuracy of control use.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 12214:2002(E)
Road vehicles — Direction-of-motion stereotypes for automotive
hand controls
1 Scope
This International Standard gives design recommendations and requirements for the direction-of-motion of hand
controls found in passenger, multipurpose and commercial vehicles, and buses.
2 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this International Standard, the following terms and definitions apply.
2.1
control configuration
particular combination of control type, location, orientation and mounting plane
2.2
direction-of-motion stereotype
direction of control motion expected by a majority of people to achieve a given effect for a specified control
configuration
2.3
stereotype strength
percentage of people who activate the control in a particular direction
2.4
on/increase control
control whose function is to turn something on/off or to increase/decrease some unspecified effect
2.5
specific function control
control used to activate some specific function or achieve a specific effect
EXAMPLE Control to lock or unlock doors, raise or lower windows, or turn on headlamps, headlamp high beam or
windshield wipers.
3 Design
3.1 General
This International Standard gives the recommended direction-of-motion and control orientation for controls
mounted on each of three orthogonal planes: horizontal (X-Y plane), vertical-transverse (Y-Z plane) and vertical-
longitudinal (X-Z plane). Some of the figures in this International Standard also include inclined mounting planes.
The direction-of-motion stereotypes are indicated by the unbroken arrows on each control configuration. Those
control configurations exhibiting an exceptionally strong stereotype are identified. Control configurations found to
have weak stereotypes are shown crossed out to indicate that they are not recommended.
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ISO 12214:2002(E)
3.2 On/increase controls
3.2.1 General
Normally, for the control configurations shown, the on/increase control directions should be
up,
forward,
right,
pull towards (push/pull knob or stalk), and
rotate over top.
For commercial trucks, a downward direction for the on control may be used.
Rocker controls mounted in a fore-aft orientation on a surface sloping down and away from drivers, and toggle controls
mounted in a fore-aft orientation on a vertical-longitudinal (X-Z) plane, shall not be used.
See Figure 1 for thumb wheel, toggle, lever and linear-slide controls, rotary and push/pull knobs, and rocker switches.
See Figure 2 and 3.3.5 for stalk-mounted controls.
3.3 Specific function controls
3.3.1 General
A variety of controls are used for controlling specific functions in motor vehicles. Some of those in common use are
covered in this International Standard. Other controls may also be appropriate for these functions. It is not the
intent of this International Standard to restrict the type of control that may be used for a specific function.
As a general rule for achieving the strongest stereotypes, the orientation and motion of the control should
correspond to the orientation and motion of the controlled element. The mounting of power mirrors or power
windows, and fore-aft orientations of switches, on surfaces that slope down and away from drivers shall not be
permitted.
3.3.2 Power mirror controls
Direction labels shown on the four-way pad control and arrows on the joystick control in Figure 3 indicate
stereotypes for moving the mirror field of view up, down, left or right. However, these labels are given for
inform
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