ISO/DIS 21489

Fire tests -- Method of measurement of gases using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) in cumulative smoke test

Essais au feu -- Méthode de mesure des gaz par spectroscopie infrarouge à transformée de Fourier des essais cumulatifs de fumée

Standards Content (sample)

DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 21489
ISO/TC 92/SC 1 Secretariat: BSI
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2006-02-13 2006-07-13

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION • МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ПО СТАНДАРТИЗАЦИИ • ORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION

Fire tests — Method of measurement of gases using Fourier
transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) in cumulative smoke test

Essais au feu — Méthode de mesure des gaz par spectroscopie infrarouge à transformée de Fourier des essais

cumulatifs de fumée
ICS 13.220.01

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© International Organization for Standardization, 2006
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ISO/DIS 21489
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ii ISO 2006 – All rights reserved
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ISO/DIS 21489:2005(E)
Contents Page

Foreword......................................................................................................................................................iv

Introduction...................................................................................................................................................v

1 Scope................................................................................................................................................1

2 Normative references.......................................................................................................................1

3 Terms and definitions ......................................................................................................................1

4 Principle............................................................................................................................................1

5 Apparatus for combustion of specimen..........................................................................................2

6 Gas sampling system.......................................................................................................................2

6.1 Probe an gas sampling line .............................................................................................................3

6.2 Filter..................................................................................................................................................3

6.2.1 General.............................................................................................................................................3

6.2.2 Filter material....................................................................................................................................3

6.2.3 Conditions of the filter .....................................................................................................................3

6.2.4 Filter correction................................................................................................................................4

6.3 Gas temperature indicator...............................................................................................................4

6.4 Gas pressure indicator ....................................................................................................................4

6.5 Pump.................................................................................................................................................4

7 Gas analysis technique....................................................................................................................4

8 Calibration........................................................................................................................................4

9 Test procedure.................................................................................................................................4

9.1 Operation before each test ..............................................................................................................4

9.2 Operation during a test....................................................................................................................5

10 Gas analysis.....................................................................................................................................5

11 Precision...........................................................................................................................................5

12 Test report........................................................................................................................................6

Annex A (informative) Analysis of filtering materials and sampling lines for gas retention

evaluation .........................................................................................................................................7

A.1 Washing procedures for filters........................................................................................................7

A.2 Washing procedures for transfer line and probe............................................................................7

A.3 Adjusting total concentration..........................................................................................................8

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ISO/DIS 21489:2005(E)
Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national

standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally

carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a

technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee.

International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in

the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all

matters of electrotechnical standardization.

International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives,

Part 2.

The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International

Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.

Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies

casting a vote.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of

patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

ISO 21489 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 92, Fire safety, Subcommittee SC 1, Fire

initiation and growth.
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ISO/DIS 21489:2005(E)
Introduction

In recent years, there has been an increased demand to specify methods of analysis of fire gases for

use in toxic hazard assessment. Although scientific consideration on such toxic hazard assessment

should be conducted based upon the international standards of ISO TR 9122 series and ISO TR

13387 series, a simplified and practicable gas measurement technique has been anticipated, because

such toxic threat has been a great concern to the public.

International Maritime Organization (IMO) has developed international regulations applied to ships

within the framework of the International Convention of Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS Convention) by

which the use, in ships, of interior finish materials/products which give off extensive heat, smoke and

toxic gases/vapours in fire is prohibited. The evaluation method of characteristics of heat release,

flame spread, smoke and toxicity produced from such materials/products is provided in the

International Code for the Application of Fire Test Procedures (FTP Code) of IMO, which is a

mandatory instrument under SOLAS. The evaluation method for smoke and toxicity uses ISO 5659-2

Plastics - Smoke generation - Part 2: Determination of optical density by a single-chamber test as

heating and burning method for specimen and specifies additional fire effluent gas measurement

requirements to be applied during the smoke tests. However, it does not specify any gas

measurement method. Therefore, there is also a need to specify such gas measurement method.

ISO 5659-2 is currently under revision and changes introduced in the second edition concerning the

heating methods for test specimens will also apply to ISO 21489.

WARNING -- So that suitable precautions can be taken to safeguard health, the attention of all

concerned in fire tests is drawn to the possibility that toxic or harmful gases can be evolved

during combustion of test specimens.
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DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 21489:2005(E)
Fire tests — Method of measurement of gases using Fourier
transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) in cumulative smoke test
1 Scope

This draft International Standard specifies methods of measurement of gases developed in

cumulative smoke/fire tests, using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) . Particular attention

is given to the gas sampling systems and conditions of gas measurement.

It should be noted that there are fire effluents other than gases, such as particles, smoke or vapours

which may be toxic and that some gases such as hydrogen halides may be trapped by moisture in

sampling lines or by filters designed to remove only smoke particles.

Gas measurement using FTIR in cumulative smoke/fire tests is useful in providing information for

qualitative and quantitative hazard analysis in a fire safety engineering approach. Gas measurement

by FTIR can be carried out in a short time interval, and will give a set of time-base data of gas

concentration. Measurement of gas concentration by FTIR can be carried out in a regular short

intervals throughout the test.
2 Normative references

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated

references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced

document (including any amendments) applies.

ISO 5659-2:1999, Plastics — Smoke generation — Part 2: Determination of optical density by a

single-chamber test
ISO 13943 2000, Fire safety — Vocabulary

ISO 19702, Toxicity testing of fire effluents — Analysis of gases and vapours in fire effluents using

FTIR technology
3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 13943 and ISO 19702 apply.

4 Principle

Fire effluents are sampled from a cumulative smoke chamber of a smoke test (ISO 5659-2) where the

volume of the chamber is known. The fire conditions in these tests shall be established for the

application of data from gas measurement to fire hazard analysis using fire safety engineering. Gas

sampling shall be such that the sample represents the gas, the fire effluent, in quality and quantity, in

the chamber, and that any affect of gas sampling systems (probes, pipes, tubes and pumps) is

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ISO/DIS 21489:2005(E)

minimized. It is also recommended to minimize the travelling time and distance of fire effluent through

the gas sampling system. A filtering system
...