ISO 4386-1:2012

Plain bearings — Metallic multilayer plain bearings — Part 1: Non-destructive ultrasonic testing of bond of thickness greater than or equal to 0,5 mm

ISO 4386-1:2012 specifies an ultrasonic testing method for determining bond defects between the bearing metal and the backing. The test can be performed on metallic multilayer plain bearings consisting of steel- or copper-based material backings lined with bearing metal based on lead and tin, with layer thicknesses greater than or equal to 0,5 mm. For cast iron backings, ISO 4386-1:2012 is applicable with restrictions.

Paliers lisses — Paliers lisses métalliques multicouches — Partie 1: Contrôle non destructif aux ultrasons des défauts d'adhérence d'épaisseur supérieure ou égale à 0,5 mm

Drsni ležaji - Večslojni kovinski ležaji - 1. del: Ultrazvočno preskušanje medslojnega spoja brez porušitve

Ta del standarda ISO 4386 določa metodo ultrazvočnega preskušanja napak medslojnega spoja med ležajno kovino in ohišjem. Preskus je mogoče izvesti z večslojnimi kovinskimi ležaji iz ohišij na osnovi jekla ali bakra, ki so obloženi z ležajno kovino na osnovi svinca in kositra, z debelino sloja večjo ali enako 0,5 mm. Za ohišja iz litega železa je ta del standarda ISO 4386 veljaven z omejitvami.
Ultrazvočni signal, ki se odbije od medslojnega spoja med ležajno kovino in ohišjem se uporabi za
določanje napak v medslojnem spoju. Ultrazvočno testiranje ni mogoče na robovih drsečih površin, straneh prirobnic, spojih, luknjicah za olje, utorih itd. v razponu manj kot polovice premera ultrazvočne sonde zaradi nedefiniranih odbojev. To velja tudi za ležaje z utori v obliki lastovičjega repa na spoju. Ultrazvočno testiranje vezi ni mogoče ob robovih utorov v obliki lastovičjega repa.
Ovrednotenje spoja pri vidnem prehodu iz ohišja do ležajne kovine (na končnih ali
spojnih ploskvah) je izvedljivo samo z metodo preskušanja s penetranti, opisano v standardu ISO 4386-3.
Ta del standarda ISO 4386 podrobno opisuje samo metodo pulzno-odbojne tehnike. Ultrazvočna metoda v okviru pomena standarda ISO 4386 dovoljuje samo kakovostno ovrednotenje spoja, ne pa tudi kvantitativnega določanja moči spoja. Z ultrazvočnim preskušanjem spoja je mogoče razlikovati le med spojem in napakami spoja.

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 14-Oct-2012
• Withdrawal Date: 14-Oct-2012
• ICS: 21.100.10 - Plain bearings
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 123/SC 2 - Materials and lubricants, their properties, characteristics, test methods and testing conditions
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 123/SC 2 - Materials and lubricants, their properties, characteristics, test methods and testing conditions
• Current Stage: 9599 - Withdrawal of International Standard
• Completion Date: 16-Apr-2019
• Ref Project: SIST ISO 4386-1:2015 - Plain bearings - Metallic multilayer plain bearings - Part 1: Non-destructive ultrasonic testing of bond of thickness greater than or equal to 0,5 mm

Relations

• Revised: ISO 4386-1:2019 - Plain bearings — Metallic multilayer plain bearings — Part 1: Non-destructive ultrasonic testing of bond of thickness greater than or equal to 0,5 mm
• Effective Date: 23-Apr-2020
• Revises: ISO 4386-1:1992 - Plain bearings — Metallic multilayer plain bearings — Part 1: Non-destructive ultrasonic testing of bond
• Effective Date: 17-Jul-2010

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 4386-1
Third edition
2012-10-15
Plain bearings — Metallic multilayer
plain bearings —
Part 1:
Non-destructive ultrasonic testing
of bond of thickness greater than or
equal to 0,5 mm
Paliers lisses — Paliers lisses métalliques multicouches —
Partie 1: Contrôle non destructif aux ultrasons des défauts
d’adhérence d’épaisseur supérieure ou égale à 0,5 mm
Reference number
ISO 4386-1:2012(E)
©
ISO 2012

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 4386-1:2012(E)

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2012
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any
means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the
address below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail [e-mail]
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO 4386-1:2012(E)

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Symbols . 1
4 Test equipment. 1
4.1 Ultrasonic instrument . 1
4.2 Probe . 2
4.3 Reference block . 2
5 Preparation of test surface . 2
6 Testing . 2
6.1 General . 2
6.2 Testing with a back-wall echo . 2
6.3 Testing without a back-wall echo . 3
7 Test classes . 6
8 Defect groups . 6
9 Evaluation . 7
9.1 General . 7
9.2 Marking of defective areas . 8
9.3 Designation . 8
Bibliography . 9
© ISO 2012 – All rights reserved iii

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO 4386-1:2012(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies
casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 4386-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 123, Plain bearings, Subcommittee SC 2,
Materials and lubricants, their properties, characteristics, test methods and testing conditions.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 4386-1:1992), which has been
technically revised.
ISO 4386 consists of the following parts, under the general title Plain bearings — Metallic multilayer
plain bearings:
— Part 1: Non-destructive ultrasonic testing of bond of thickness greater than or equal to 0,5 mm
— Part 2: Destructive testing of bond for bearing metal layer thicknesses greater than or equal to 2 mm
— Part 3: Non-destructive penetrant testing
iv © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 4386-1:2012(E)
Plain bearings — Metallic multilayer plain bearings —
Part 1:
Non-destructive ultrasonic testing of bond of thickness
greater than or equal to 0,5 mm
1 Scope
This part of ISO 4386 specifies an ultrasonic testing method for determining bond defects between
the bearing metal and the backing. The test can be performed on metallic multilayer plain bearings
consisting of steel- or copper-based material backings lined with bearing metal based on lead and tin,
with layer thicknesses greater than or equal to 0,5 mm. For cast iron backings, this part of ISO 4386 is
applicable with restrictions.
The ultrasonic signal reflected by the bond interface between the bearing metal and the backing is used
to determine bonding defects.
Ultrasonic testing is not possible on edge zones of sliding surface, flange sides, joint areas, oil holes,
grooves, etc. in a range of less than half the diameter of the ultrasonic probe because of undefined
reflections. The same applies to bearings with dovetail keying grooves at the bond. Ultrasonic testing of
bond does not apply along the edges of the dovetails.
Evaluation of the bond on the visible transition from the backing to the bearing metal (on end faces or
joint faces) is only practicable by the penetrant testing method specified in ISO 4386-3.
This part of ISO 4386 only describes in detail the pulse-echo method. Within the meaning of this part
of ISO 4386, the ultrasonic method only permits a qualitative evaluation of the bonding and not a
quantitative determination of the bond strength. The ultrasonic bond test differs only between bond
and bond defect.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 4386-3, Plain bearings — Metallic multilayer plain bearing
...

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST ISO 4386-1:2015
01-marec-2015
1DGRPHãþD
SIST ISO 4386-1:2002
'UVQLOHåDML9HþVORMQLNRYLQVNLOHåDMLGHO8OWUD]YRþQRSUHVNXãDQMH
PHGVORMQHJDVSRMDEUH]SRUXãLWYH
Plain bearings - Metallic multilayer plain bearings - Part 1: Non-destructive ultrasonic
testing of bond of thickness greater than or equal to 0,5 mm
Paliers lisses - Paliers lisses métalliques multicouches - Partie 1: Contrôle non destructif
aux ultrasons des défauts d'adhérence d'épaisseur supérieure ou égale à 0,5 mm
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 4386-1:2012
ICS:
21.100.10 Drsni ležaji Plain bearings
SIST ISO 4386-1:2015 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------

SIST ISO 4386-1:2015

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------

SIST ISO 4386-1:2015
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 4386-1
Third edition
2012-10-15
Plain bearings — Metallic multilayer
plain bearings —
Part 1:
Non-destructive ultrasonic testing
of bond of thickness greater than or
equal to 0,5 mm
Paliers lisses — Paliers lisses métalliques multicouches —
Partie 1: Contrôle non destructif aux ultrasons des défauts
d’adhérence d’épaisseur supérieure ou égale à 0,5 mm
Reference number
ISO 4386-1:2012(E)
©
ISO 2012

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------

SIST ISO 4386-1:2015
ISO 4386-1:2012(E)

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2012
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any
means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the
address below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail [e-mail]
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------

SIST ISO 4386-1:2015
ISO 4386-1:2012(E)

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Symbols . 1
4 Test equipment. 1
4.1 Ultrasonic instrument . 1
4.2 Probe . 2
4.3 Reference block . 2
5 Preparation of test surface . 2
6 Testing . 2
6.1 General . 2
6.2 Testing with a back-wall echo . 2
6.3 Testing without a back-wall echo . 3
7 Test classes . 6
8 Defect groups . 6
9 Evaluation . 7
9.1 General . 7
9.2 Marking of defective areas . 8
9.3 Designation . 8
Bibliography . 9
© ISO 2012 – All rights reserved iii

---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------

SIST ISO 4386-1:2015
ISO 4386-1:2012(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies
casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 4386-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 123, Plain bearings, Subcommittee SC 2,
Materials and lubricants, their properties, characteristics, test methods and testing conditions.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 4386-1:1992), which has been
technically revised.
ISO 4386 consists of the following parts, under the general title Plain bearings — Metallic multilayer
plain bearings:
— Part 1: Non-destructive ultrasonic testing of bond of thickness greater than or equal to 0,5 mm
— Part 2: Destructive testing of bond for bearing metal layer thicknesses greater than or equal to 2 mm
— Part 3: Non-destructive penetrant testing
iv © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------

SIST ISO 4386-1:2015
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 4386-1:2012(E)
Plain bearings — Metallic multilayer plain bearings —
Part 1:
Non-destructive ultrasonic testing of bond of thickness
greater than or equal to 0,5 mm
1 Scope
This part of ISO 4386 specifies an ultrasonic testing method for determining bond defects between
the bearing metal and the backing. The test can be performed on metallic multilayer plain bearings
consisting of steel- or copper-based material backings lined with bearing metal based on lead and tin,
with layer thicknesses greater than or equal to 0,5 mm. For cast iron backings, this part of ISO 4386 is
applicable with restrictions.
The ultrasonic signal reflected by the bond interface between the bearing metal and the backing is used
to determine bonding defects.
Ultrasonic testing is not possible on edge zones of sliding surface, flange sides, joint areas, oil holes,
grooves, etc. in a range of less than half the diameter of the ultrasonic probe because of undefined
reflections. The same applies to bearings with dovetail keying grooves at the bond. Ultrasonic testing of
bond does not apply along the edges of the dovetails.
Evaluation of the bond on the visible transition from the backing to the bearing metal (on end faces or
joint faces) is only practicable by the penetrant testing method specified in ISO 4386-3.
This part of ISO 4386 only describes in detail the pulse-echo method. Within the meaning of this part
of ISO 4386, the ultrasonic method only permits a qualitative evaluation of the bonding and not a
quantitative dete
...