ISO 2300:1973
(Main)Sawn timber of broadleaved species — Defects — Terms and definitions
Sawn timber of broadleaved species — Defects — Terms and definitions
Relates to classification in ISO 1029 and ISO 2299. Covers unplaned sawn timber and such surfaced to size or planed but without profiling. Examples are shown in many figures. Is a trilingual edition.
Sciages de bois feuillus — Défauts — Termes et définitions
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
NORME INTERNATIONALE
’ 2300
ME)-KAYHAPOflHbIn CTAHJJAPT
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INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION l MEXfiYHAPOLlHAtl OPI-AHM3ALlMII I-IO CTAHAAPTM3ALWWi l 0RGANISATION INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION
Sawn timber of broadleaved species - Defects -
Terms and definitions
First edition - 1973-I 2-15
Sciages de bois feuillus - D6fauts -
Termes et definitions
PremiQre hdition - 1973-I 2-l 5
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I Descriptors : wood - hardwoods - structural timber - sawn timber - defects - vocabulary / Descripteurs : bois - bois dur - bois de construction - bois sci6 - d6faut -
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FOREWORD
IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of
national standards institutes (IS0 Member Bodies). The work of developing International
Standards is carried out through IS0 Technical Committees. Every Member Body inter-
ested in a subject for which a Technical Committee has been set up has the right to be repre-
sented on that Committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental,
in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
Draft International Standards adopted by the Technical Committees are circulated to the
Member Bodies for approval before their acceptance as International Standards by the IS0
Council.
Jnternational Stand ard I SO 2300 was drawn up by Technical Committee ISO/TC 55, Sawn
timber and sa wlogs, and circulated to the Member Bodies in June 1971.
It has been approved by the Member Bodies of the following countries:
Australia
Hungary Portugal
Austria Iran Romania
Belgium Ireland Spain
Canada Italy Sweden
Czechoslovakia
Netherlands Thailand
Egypt, Arab Rep. of New Zealand Turkey
Finland
Norway United Kingdom
France Pakistan U.S.S.R.
Germany Yugoslavia
Poland
The Member Bodies of the following countries expressed disapproval of the document on
technical grounds :
India
South Africa, Rep. of
AVANT-PROPOS
IS0 (Organisation Internationale de Normalisation) est une fid&-ation mondiale d’orga-
nismes nationaux de normalisation (Cornit& Membres ISO). LWaboration de Normes
Internationales est confide aux Cornit& Techniques ISO. Chaque Cornit Membre in&es&
par une 6tude a le droit de faire partie du Cornit Technique correspondant. Les organisa-
tions internationales, gouvernementales et non gouvernementales, en liaison avec I’ISO,
participent kgalement aux travaux.
Les Projets de Normes Internationales adopt&s par les Comit&s Techniques sont soumis
aux Comit6s Membres pour approbation, avant leur acceptation comme Normes Inter-
nationales par le Conseil de I’ISO.
La Norme Internationale IS0 2300 a itti, ktablie par le Comiti: Technique ISO/TC 55, Bois
scie’s et grumes h sciages, et soumise aux Comit& Membres en juin 1971.
Elle a &6 approuvke par le:; Cornit& Membres des pays suivants:
Allemagne Hongrie Portugal
Roumanie
Australie Iran
Autriche Irlande Royaume- Uni
Belgique Ptalie Su&de
Tch&oslovaquie
Canada Norvkge
Egypte, R6p. arabe d’ Nouvelle-Zklande Thai’lande
Turquie
Espagne Pakistan
Finlande Pays-Bas U.R.S.S.
Pologne Y ougoslavie
France
Les Cornit& Membres des pays suivants ont d&approuv& le document pour des raisons
techniques:
Afrique du Sud, R6p. d’
Inde
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
IS0 2300 - 1973 (E/F/R)
NORME INTERNATIONALE
IX0 2300 - 1973 (A/@/P)
MEXJJYHAPOAHbIii CTAHAAPT
Sawn timber of broadleaved species Sciages de bois feuillus rhIOMaTepHaJIb1 JIZlCTBeHHbIX IIOpOA
IIopoIclcl
Defects Dbfauts
Termes et d%nitions TepmHbI LI onpep[eneHm
Terms and definitions
1 OBJET ET DOMAINE D’APPLICATION
1 SCOPE AND FIELD OF APPLICATION 1 LI[EJ-Ib kI OBJIACTb IIPI4MEHEHkIII
1.1 This International Standard establishes inter- 1.1 La prisente Norme Internationale &ablit la 1.1’ HacToflqM% MexAyHaponHbIfi CTaHAapT ycTa-
national terms and definitions for defects of terminologie internationale et les dkfinitions HaBJ-IMBaeT Me~AYHap0AHJU-O TepMHHOJIOrEIIo H
sawn timber of broadleaved species, classified des dkfauts des sciages de bois feuillus, clas- onpeAeneHa5I IIOpOKOB IIEIJIoMaTepmaJIoB J-IEICT-
in IS0 2299, Sawn timber of broadleaved spe- s& dans I’ISO 2299, Sciages de bois feuillus BeHHbIX IIOpOA, IIpeAyCMOTpeHHbIX B MC0 2299,
- Dkfauts - Class~jkation.
ties-Defects-Class$cation. IIunoMamepuanbl nucm6eHFtblx nopod - l70-
po~u - K;zaccu&rcayulr .
1.2 This International Standard covers unplaned 1.2 La prksente Norme Internationale s’applique 1.2 3TOT MexAyHapOAHbIfi CTaHAapT paCIIpO-
sawn timber and sawn timber surfaced to size g tous les sciages de bois feuillus non rabotks, CTpaHSIeTUI Ha BCe HeCTpOraHbl[e IIHJIOMaTe-
or planed but without profiling. ainsi qu’aux bois sciks calibrks et non profilks. p&Ianbr, a TaKxe Ha nwIoMaTepkIanbr Kanll6po-
BaHHbIe II CTpOraHbIe HeI-IpO&UIEIpOBaHHbIe.
2 TERMES ET DEFINITIONS
2 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS 2 TEPMkIHbI kl OIIPEAEJIEHkIII
2.1 Knots. Portions of branches, embedded in the 2.1 Nmds. Parties de branches englobees dans le 2.1 CyWi. YaCTEl BeTBeti, 3aKJIIOYeHHbIe B Ape-
wood. bois.
BeCmHe.
2.1.1 According to the form of their cross- 2.1.1 Suivant la forme de la section sur la sur-
2.1.1 B 3aBMCIUMOCTIYf OT +OpMbI pa3pe3a Ha
section on the surface of the piece, knots face de la pi&e, on distingue les noeuds
IIOBepXHOCTEI COpTEIMeHTa CJWKH IIOnpa3-
are divided into round, oval and splay ronds, ovales et plats.
AeJUIIOTC5I Ha KpJWIbIe, OBaJIbHbIe M IIpO-
(spike) knots. AOJIrOBaTbIe.
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2.1 .l .l Round knots. Knots cut so that the 2. I .I. 1 Neuds ronds. Noeuds coupes de telle 2.1.1.1 Cy4~u Kpyznsze. CYYKM, pa3pe3aHHbIe
man&e que le rapport du plus grand
ratio between the maximum and the TaKMM 06pa3ohl, YTO OTHOLUeHMe
minimum diameters is not more than 2 au plus petit diametre ne depasse pas 2 6onbmero HEiaMeTpa K MeHbLLIeMy
Gt;t
23
(Fig. 1). (Fig. 1). He rIpeBbIIIIaeT 2 (Pnc. 1).
-n
?e
$ 2
Oval knots. Knots cut so that the ratio 2. IL. I .2 Neuds ovales. Nceuds coupes de telle 2.1.1.2 CJNKU OGtlAbHbZe. CYYKM, pa3pe3aH-
2.1. I .2
I?E
between the maximum and the mini- man&e que le rapport du plus grand HbIe TaKIlM o6pa3oM, YTO OTHOLLIeHMe
mum diameters is more than 2 but au plus petit diametre soit superieur 6onbrrrero JJkiaMeTpa K MeHbIlIeMy
not more than 4 (Fig. 1). a 2 mais inferieur a 4 (Fig. 1). 6onbwe 2, HO He 6onbrrre 4 (Pnc. 1).
2.1.1.3 Splay (spike) knots. Knots cut so that 2.1.1.3 Neuds plats. Nauds coupes de telle 2.1.1.3 Cywu npobonzo6amble. Cyww, pa3-
the ratio between the maximum and man&e que le rapport du plus grand pe3aHHbIe TaKMM o6pa3oM, YTO OTHO-
au plus petit diametre soit superieur
the minimum diameters exceeds 4 LLIeHMe 6onbmero AaaMeTpa K MeHb-
B 4 (Fig. 1). meMy 6onmre 4 (PHc. 1).
(Fig. 1).
2.1.2 According to their position in the piece, 2.1.2 Suivant leur position dans la piece, les 2.1.2 B 3aB&iCHMOCTB OT rIO.JIOxeHEIx B COpTI?-
knots are divided into face, edge, arris and
noeuds sont divises en nceuds de face, de MeHTe CyYKLl IIOfipa3AeJI5IIOTC5I Ha IIJTaCTC-
traversing splay knots. rive, d’arete et nceuds traversants. BbIe, KpOMOYHbIe, pe6poBbre H CLLIMBHbIe.
2.1.2.1 Face knots. Knots exposed on the 2.1.2.1 Neuds deface. Noeuds sortant sur une 2.1.2.1 CJWKU nnacmesble. CyYK M, BbIXOASI-
face (Fig. 1). face (Fig. 1). u.we Ha IIJIaCTb (PLIC. 1).
2.1.2.2 Edge knots. Knots exposed on an 2.1.2.2 Neuds de rive. Noeuds sortant sur une 2.1.2.2 CJJqKU KPOMO~Hble. CyYKH, BbIXOAII-
edge (Fig. 1). rive (Fig. . ILJkie Ha KpOMKy (PIG. 1).
1)
2.1.2.3 Arris knots. Knots exposed on an 2.1.2.3 Neuds d’are”te. Noeuds sortant sur une 2.1.2.3 CJNKU pe6pOGble. CyYKM, BbIXOAIIU&le
arris (Fig. 1). arete (Fig. 1). Ha pe6po (Pac. 1).
2.1.2.4 2.1.2.4 NEuds plats traversants. Noeuds sor- 2.1.2.4
Traversing spray knots. Knots ex- +-fKU CUiU@Hble. CyYKH, BbIXOASILQkie
posed on two arrises of the same side tant simultanement sur deux a&es OAHOBpeMeHHO Ha ABa pe6pa OAHOii
of the piece simultaneously (Fig. 1). d’un meme tote de la piece (Fig. 1). Pi TOii lKe CTOpOHbI COpTMMeHTa
(Pwc. 1).
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2.1.3 Suivant leur disposition relative sur un des 2.1.3 B 3aB&lCPlMOCTH OT B3aMMHOrO paCII0J-W
2.1.3 According to their mutual position on one
c&% de la p&e, les nceuds sont divisks xeHIi(I Ha O,l-IHOii E13 6oKoBbIx IlOBepXHO-
of the side surfaces of the piece, knots
are divided into scattered, group (cluster) en nazuds isol&, group& et doubles CTefi COpTMMeHTa CyYKM l-IOApa3JJeJUNTC5I
and branched knots. (moustaches). Ha pa36pocaHHbIe, rpynnOBbIe EI pa3BeT-
BJ-IeHHbIe (J-Ial-IYaTbIe).
2.1.3.1 2.1.3.1
2.1.3.1 Scattered knots. Knots located separ- Npuds iso/&. Nceuds dispos& isol& +fKU pa36pOCaHHble. CyYKM, paCnO-
ment et situ& & une distance les uns J-IOxCHHbIe OAMHOYHO M OTCTO~LWie
ately and so that the distance between
them in longitudinal direction of the des autres, dans le sens longitudinal? APYI- OT Apyra Ha paCTO5lHIlM II0
piece is greater than its width or, in supkrieure B la largeur de la pi&e, AJIMHe COpTklMeHTa, I'IpeBbILIIalOLIJeM
ero UIJI~HH~, a r1p14 rrrMpklHe C~~TII-
cases where the width exceeds 150 mm et 5 une distance de plus de 150 mm
(6 in), is greater than 150 mm (6 in). (6 in) si la largeur de la piece est MeHTa 6onee 150 MM (6 AI&MOB)-
supkrieure j 150 mm (6 in). I-IpeBbIIIIaIO~eM 150 MM (6 AIOfiMOB).
2.1.3.2 Group (cluster) knots. Round, oval 2.1.3.2 Ncpuds group&. Noeuds ronds, ovales, 2.1.3.2 C~YKU zpynnosbre. CYYKM KpyrnbIe,
and arris knots forming a group of d’arste, group& par deux ou plus, OBaJ-IbHbIe M pe6posbre, COCpeAOTO-
two or more knots in an area whose sur une surface dont la longueur est YeHHbIeB KOnMYeCTBeAByXIU-III6o.JIee
&gale B la largeur de la pi&e; si la Ha OTpe3Ke, AJIkiHa KOTOpOrO paBHa
length is equal to its width or, in
cases where the width exceeds 150 mm largeur de la pi&e ddpasse 150 mm ero rrrtipMHe, a np~ UMpuHe 6onee
(6 in), in an area 150 mm (6 in) long (6 in), la longueur considMe est tou- 150 MM (6 AI-OfiMOB)- Ha OTpe3Ke
(Fig. 1). jours 150 mm (6 in) (Fig. 1). AJ-IkiIIOii B 150 MM (6 AI-OtiMOB)
(PK. 1).
2.1.3.3 2.1.3.3 C~YKU pa36em6./reHHbre
Branched knots. Two splay (spike) 2.1.3.3 NEuds doubles (moustaches). Deux (nawiambre).
nceuds plats du meme verticille ou un ABa IlpOAOJIrOBaTbIX CyYKa OAHOji
knots on the same axis, or a splay
(spike) knot in combination with an noeud plat en combinaison avec un
oval or with an arris knot on the nceud ovale ou d’arEte du m?me ver- TaHEiki C OBaJ-IbHbIM WIM pe6pOBbIM
ticille indipendamment de l’existence
same axis irrespective of the presence
of the third round or oval knot be- entre eux d’un troisieme noeud rond
tween them (Fig. I). ou ovale (Fig. 1). KpyrJlOrO MJIM OBaJ-IbHOrO (PW. 1).
2.1.4 According to the degree of intergrowth 2.1.4 Suivant le degrk d’adhirence avec le bois 2.1.4 B 3aBklCEIMOCTki OT CTeneHki CpacTaHMri
with the surrounding wood, knots are environnant, les nceuds sont divisks en C OKpyxalOIIJeii ApeBeCEiHoii CyYKM I-iOA-
divided into intergrown, partially inter- noeuds adhkrents, partiellement adhkrents pa3AeJUIEOTC5I Ha CpOCWleCII, YaCTMYHO
grown and dead knots. et non adhkrents. cpocmdecH k~ Hecpocrrraeca.
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2.1.4.1 Intergrown knots. Knots with their 2.1.4.1 Neuds adhe’rents. N
annual rings intergrown with the sur- couches annuelles adhkrent au bois CJIOH KOTOpbIX CpOCJIHCb C OKpyXaIO-
rounding wood to a length of not less environnant sur au moins 3/4 du p&i- II&% ApeBeCIlHOiir Ha I-IpOTJIXeHEIII
m?tre de la section du noeud.
than 3/4 of the cross-sectional peri- He MeHee 3/4 nepaMeTpa pa3pe3a
meter of the knot.
CyYKa.
2.1.4.2 Na3uds partiellemen t adhe’ren ts. Noeuds 2.1.4.2
2.1.4.2 Partially intergrown knots. Knots with cy~~tr YacmuYHo cpocucueclz. CYYKEI,
their annual rings intergrown with the dont les couches annuelles adh&ent I'OAOBbIe CJIOEI KOTOpbIX CpOCJ-IHCb
surrounding wood to a length between au bois environnant sur une ktendue C OKpyXaloIQeii ApeBeCllHOfi Ha IIpO-
3/d and ‘/4 of the cross-sectional peri- comprise entre 3/4 et ‘/4 du p&imktre TIIXeHMI4 MeXAy 3/4 PI '/4 IIepPIMeTpa
meter of the knot. de la section du ncleud. pa3pe3a cyYKa.
2.1.4.3 Dead knots. Knots with their annual 2.1.4.3 Neuds non adhbrents. Noeuds dont les 2.1.4.3 C~YKU Hecpoctuueca. CYYKM, roao-
rings not intergrown with the sur- couches annuelles n'adhkrent pas au BbIe CJIOEI KOTOpbIX He CpOCJ-IHCb
rounding wood, or intergrown with bois environnant ou n'y adhitrent que
C OKpyXaIOLI&eii ApeBeCPIHOti IdJIM
it only to a length of ‘/4 or less of sur une etendue 6gale ou infbrieure CpOCJII4Cb C Heii JIEILIIb Ha IIpOTSIXe-
1
the cross-sectional perimeter of the B /4 du pkrimetre de la section du HE3kl '/4 w-114 MeHee $4 IIepHMeTpa
knot. nceud. pa3pe3a cyYKa.
2.1.5 According to the condition of the wood, 2.1.5 Suivan t 1 ‘&at du bois, les noeuds sont 2.1.5 B 3aBMCMMOCTEI OT COCTOSIHWI ApeBeCMHbI
divisks
knots are divided into sound, unsound and en nOeu ds sa ins, pour ris et vicieux. CyYKM IIOApa3AeJISIIOTCSI Ha 3AOpOBbIe, 3a-
rotten knots.
rHEIBLIII4e M rHIU-IbIe.
2.1.5.1 Sound knots. Knots showing no indi- 2.1.5.1 Neuds sains. Neuds dont le bois ne 2.1.5.1 CyqKU 3dOpO6ble. CYY KM, mferowtie
cation of decay. presente pas de trace de pourriture. ApeBeCHHy 6e3 IIpkI3HaKOB rHI4.J-w.
Suivant la couleur du bois, les nauds
According to the colour of the wood, B 3aBMCIJMOCTM OT IJBeTa ApeBeCMHbI
sound knots are subdivided into Jlt sains sont subdivi&s en nceuds clairs
3AOpOBbIe CyYKI4 IIOApa3AWUIIOTCII Ha
and dark knots. et noeuds sombres. CBeTJIbIe M TeMHbIe.
2.1.5.1.1 Light knots. Sound knots whose 2.1.5.1.1 Neuds clairs. Neuds sains dont 2.1.5.1.1 CyqKU C6eVlAble. 3AOpOBbIe CyY-
le bois a la couleur Claire et
wood approximates in colour to KPI, ApeBeCllHa KOTOpbIX CBeTJIa(I
the surrounding wood (Fig. 10). pareille B celle du bois environ-
EI 6nH3Ka no IJBeTy K OKpyxaIo-
nant (Fig. 10).
ueii ApeBecMHe (Pw. 10).
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
2.1.5.1.2 Nwds sombres. Noeuds sains 2.1.5.1.2 CJWKU ?L?eMHblt?. 3,QOpOBbIe CyY-
2.1.5.1.2 Dark knots. Sound knots whose
dont le bois est beaucoup plus KEI, ApeBeCHHa KOTOpbIX 3HaYkl-
wood is considerably darker than
fonck que le bois environnant TWlbHO TeMHee oKpyxam4eG
the surrounding wood (Fig. 11).
ApeBeCPiHbI (PLIC. 11).
(Fig. 11).
2.1.5.2 2.1.5.2 C~YKU 3azHu6uiue. C~YKM c rH&iJbK),
Neuds vicieux. Noeuds atteints par la
2.P.5.2 Unsound knots. Knots in which not
3aHHMaEoueji ,Ie 6onee 1/j nnouaaa
more than l/j of the cross-section is pourriture sur une &endue ne d&pas-
sant pas1/3 de la surface de la section ceyer-rm cyYKa (Pac. 12).
rotten (Fig. 12).
du noeud (Fig. 12).
2.1.5.3 Ncpuds pourris. Noeuds atteints par la 2.1.5.3 CJ’YKU ZlfUAblt?. CyYKM C I-HMJIblO,
2.1.5.3 Rotten knots. Knots in which more
pourriture sur une etendue depassant 3aHHMaIoueii 6onee 1/.7 nnorrlaAH ce-
than I/- of the cross-section is rotten
YeHEW CyYKa (PHC. 13).
l/J de la surface de la section du noeud
(Fig. 1’3).
(Fig. 13,).
2.2 Fentes. Sbparation des fibres du bois dans le 2.2 Tpeumm . Pa3pbIBbI ApeBeWHbT BfiOJlb BOJ-IO-
2.2 Shakes. Separations of the wood fibres along
sens longitudinal (Fig. 2). KOH (PHC. 2).
the grain (Fig. 2).
2.2.1 Pa3nWWOTUI CJIeAyI-OLI@Ie TMIIbI TpeUMH:
2.2.1 There are the following types of shakes,
MeTHKOBbIe, MOp03HbIC, TpeIWHbI yCyN-
heart shakes, frost cracks, seasoning checks
and ring shakes. KU El OTJlyI-IHbIC.
2.2.1.1 Heart shakes. Radial-directed shakes 2.2.1.1 Fentes de ceur. Fentes radiales du 2.2.1.1 MemuKo6bze. PaAmanbHo Hanpasnelr-
Hble TPe~MHbI B H&pe, OTXO~9LUMe
in the heart, extending from the heart duramen partant du coeur et ayant une
ktendue notable sur la longueur de la OT CepALEBMHbI M I?MeKlI.lIUe 3HaYfi-
and characterized by a considerable
pi&e (Fig. 2). TeJIbHyI-O l-IpOT5IXCHHOCTb fl0 flJIMHe
extension lengthwise along the piece
COpTMMeHTa (PzlC, 2).
(Fig. 2).
2.2.1.2 Ge’livures. Fentes dirigkes suivant un 2.2.1.2 ikfOP03Hble. PaAHaJIbHO HaI-IpaBJ-IeH-
2.2. I. 2 Frost cracks. Radial-directed shakes
extending from the sapwood to the plan radial de l’aubier vers le cceur HbIe TpeIWiHbI, npoxo~~~Me Ei3 3a6o-
JlOHki B 5IApO Ei EIMeI-O~TIe 3HaYHTeJIb-
heartwood and characterized by a con- et ayant une &endue notable sur la
longueur de la pi&e. Elles se forment HyIo IIpOTSIXeHHOCTb II0 AJIMHC COp-
siderable extension lengthwise along
dans le bois sur pied et s’accom- TMMeHTa. B03HkIKaK)T B paCTyI&M
the piece. They are developed in the
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standing tree and accompanied by a pagnent d’une teinte plus foncee du
J@peBe I4 COIIpOBO~~alOTC5I IIOTeM-
darkening of the adjoining wood and bois adjacent et de la courbure locale HemreM npMJIeraWweii ApesecaHbr M
by local curvatures in the annual rings des couches annuelles (Fig. 2). MeCTHbIM HCKpHBJIeHHeM
I-OAOBbIX
(Fig. 2).
CnOeB (Pm. 2).
2.2.1.3 seasonii2g checks. Checks appearing 2.2.1.3 Gerces (fentes de retrait). Fissures 2.2.1.3
TpezquHbr ycyul~u. PaAaanbHo Ha-
in felled timber and running in a apparaissant dans le bois abattu et IIpaBJIeHHbIe TpeWHHbI, KOTOpbIe B03-
radial direction (Fig. 2). orientees suivant un
plan radial HEIKaIOT B Cpy6JIeHHOii ApeBeCIlHe
(Fig. 2).
(Pm. 2).
2.2.1.4
2.2.1.4 Ring shakes. Shakes appearing in the Roulures. Decollement entre les cou- 2.2.1.4 QmAynHbre mpeu+uHbl. TpeU&iHbI B
heart, directed along the annual rings ches annuelles, situees dans le dura-
gape, npoxoA2wrcie Mexfly I-OAOBbW&J
and characterized by a considerable men et ayant une &endue notable sur
CJIOSIMEI M[ HMeIO~Me 3HaWTeJIbHyI-O
extension lengthwise along the piece la longueur de la piece (Fig. 2). IIpOTSxeHHOCTb I-IO flJ-IHHHe COpTr?-
(Fig. 2).
MeHTa (PIE. 2).
2.2.2 According to their position on the piece, 2.2.2 Suivant la position dans la piece, on dis- 2.2.2 B 3aBklCklMOCTLI OT IIOJIOZKCHWI B COpTH-
shakes are divided into face, edge and end
tingue les fentes de face, de rive et en bout. MeHTe TpeLLJllHbI IIO~pa3AeJWIOTC5l Ha IIJIa-
shakes. CTeBbIe, KpOMOYHbIe H TOpQOBbIC.
2.2.2.1 Face shakes. Shakes appearing on a 2.2.2.1
hacmesblempetyuHbl. Tpewmrbr, KO-
face, but which may also appear on TOpbIe paCIIOJIOlKeHb1 Ha I-IJTaCTkl, HO
the ends (Fig. 2). MOryT BbIXOAkITb M Ha TOpub (PHC. 2).
2.2.2.2 Edge shakes. Shakes appearing on an 2.2.2.2 Fentes de rive. Fentes apparaissant 2.2.2.2 b;CpOA4OVHblempeUjtiHbl. ?‘pewaHbI,KO-
but which may also appear on sur une rive, mais pouvant sortir sur TOpbIe paCIIOJIOlKeHb1 Ha KpOMKe, HO
edge,
les bouts (Fig. 2).
the ends (Fig. 2). MOI’yT BbIXOAHTb M Ha TOpIJbI (Pr?C. 2).
2.2.2.3 End shak es. Shakes appeari ng on an 2.2.2.3 Topyosbre mpeu#uHbl. TpeuHHbI, KO-
end but not appearing on the faces TOpbIe pacnono~eHbI Ha TopIJe M
or edges (Fig. 2). He BbIXOASIT Ha IIJIaCTH M KpOMKM
(PK. 2).
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2.2.3 B 3aBkICmMoCTkl OT rxy6HHbI IIPOHMKHO-
2.2.3 According to depth, shakes are divided 2.2.3 Suivant la profondeur de la penetration
dans la piece, on distingue les fentes super- BeHMII B COpTkIMeHT TpeIIJHHbI IIOApa3Ae-
into shallow, deep and through shakes.
ficielles, profondes et traversantes. JIIIKlTCII Ha Herny6oKae, my6okwe R
CKB03HbIe.
2.2.3.1
2.2.3.1 Shallow shakes. Shakes not deeper 2.2.3.1 Fentes superjfcielles. Fentes dont la 61ezAy6oKue mpequrrbl. An% cop-ra-
MeHTOB He TOJ-IIIJe 50 hZM (2 A&Ma)
than 5 mm (0.2 in) for pieces of not profondeur n’excede pas 5 mm (0,2 in)
TpewaHbI my6asoii He 6onee 5 NM
more than 50 mm (2 in) in thickness, pour les pieces ne depassant pas 50 mm
and those not deeper than lllo of (2 in) d’epaisseur et ‘Ilo de l’epaisseur (0,2 A&Ma), AJIrt COpTMMeHTOB 60-
the thickness in the thicker pieces. pour les pieces plus epaisses. J-Ice TOJICTbIX - my6HHoii- He 6onee
1
1o HX TOJlIlJHHbI.
I
2.2.3.2 Deep shakes. Shakes deeper than 5 mm 2.2.3.2 Fentes profondes. Fentes dont la pro- 2.2.3.2 r/ry6oKue ~?'lpeUfUHbl. &-UI COpTHMeH-
(0.2 in) for pieces of not more than fondeur depasse 5 mm (0,2 in) pour TOB He TOJIIIJe 50 Mhf (2 AI&Ma)
TpeII@lHbI my6HHoii 6onee 5 JVZJU
50 mm (2 in) in thickness, and those les pieces ne depassant pas 50 mm
deeper than lllo of the thickness in the (0,2 AEOiiMa), AJIR COpTEIMeHTOB 60-
(2 in) d’epaisseur et plus de lllo de
thicker pieces, but not appearing on l’epaisseur pour les pieces plus flee TOJICTbIX - my6nHoii 6onee llro
the other side of the piece. kpaisses, mais n’apparaissant pas sur MX TOJ-I~klHbI, HO He l-IpOHHKaK>IIWe
Ha BTOpyIO 60~oByIo IIOBepXHOCTb
une deuxieme face de la piece.
COpTkIMeHTa.
2.2.3.3 2.2.3.3 cK603Hble m.eU$uHbl. TpeIIWHbI, BbI-
Through shakes. Shakes appearing on 2.2.3.3 Fentes traversantes. Fentes sortant
simultanement sur deux c&es late- xOAriII@Ie Ha ABe 60KOBbIe ITOBepX-
two sides, or twice on one side of the
piece in the case of ring shakes. raux de la piece et, s’il y a une rou- HOCTki COpTMMeHTa, a B CJ-IyYae OT-
lure, a deux endroits sur un seul cot& JYlyI-IHbIX TpewEIH - TaKxe Ha OAHy
6o~oBy10 ITOBCpXHOCTb ABZDKAbI.
HCHOPMNIbHOCTH
2.3 Irregularities of wood structure and abnormal 2.3 Irrkgularitks de la structure et colorations anor- 2.3 HenpasaJlaHoc’rw CTpoemIi
colorations of wood males du bois 0IcpacIcu ApesecwubI
2.3.1 Slope of grain. Divergence of grain from 2.3.1 Inclinaison du jil. Deviation entre le sens 2.3.1 HaKnoB 60~20~0~. OTKJIOHeHlle Hanpasne-
the direction of the longitudinal axis of the des fibres et l’axe longitudinal de la HEW BOJIOH OT I-IpOAOJIbHOji OCIl COpTM-
piece (Fig. 3). piece (Fig. 3). MeHTa (PEIC. 3).
---------------------- Page: 11 ----------------------
2.3.2 Tension wood. Modification of wood struc- 2.3.2 Bois de tension. Modification de la struc- 2.3.2 Tazosan bpeeecuHa. H3MeHeHae CTPYK-
ture in the process of the tree growth, ture du bois, apparaissant dans l’arbre TYPbI ApeBeCHHbI B IIpOqeCCe POCTa AC-
which is identified in sawn timber by the sur pied, rev&es dans les bois sties par pesa, 06napymnsaeMoe r3 nanoMaTepaa-
roughness of the surface and sometimes l’aspect pelucheux de la surface de la nax no B~PCH~TOCTH (mepoxosaTocT@ HX
piece et parfois par la modification de la
by the colour change [Fig. 4). IIOBCPXHOCTH, a MHOl?Aa M II0 EI3MCHeHMK)
coloration (Fig. 4). OKPaCKki (PHC. 4).
2.3.3 Curly grain. Wavy or irregular arrange- 2.3.3 Madrure. Disposition ondulee ou irregu- 2.3.3 c6u/Iesamocmb. kI3sanMcToe MJM Gecno-
liere des fibres du bois (Fig. 5).
ment of the fibres in the wood (Fig. 5). pXAosrroe pacnonoXeune BOJIOK~H Apese-
CIIIHbI (PHC. 5).
2.3.4 Inbark. Bark which is partially or com- 2.3.4 Entre-e’corce. Partie d’ecorce incluse entie- 2.3.4 ~jqxwnb. YYaCTOK KOPbI, YaCTMYHO
pletely enclosed in the wood (Fig. 6). rement out en partie dans la masse du bois HJIM IYIOJIHOCTbIO 06poc~u~G ApCBeCHHOii
(Fig. 6). (PK. 6).
L’entre-ecorce est divisee en entre-ecorce
Inbark is subdivided into one-sided and npOpOCTb IIOApa3AeJUIeTC5I Ha OAHOCTO-
through. supeficielle et traversante. POHHEOIO H CKB03HJQO.
One-sided inbark. Inbark showing on 2.3.4.1 SuperficieUe. En tre-ecorce apparais- 2.3.4.1
2.3.4.1 OdHOC?7lOjlOHHm ~pOpOC~b. &JO-
one side of the piece. sant sur un seul c&e de la piece. POCTb, BbIXOASI4ari Ha OAHY ~OKO-
BYI0 I-IOBepXHOCTb COPTElMeHTa.
2.3.4.2
2.3.4.2 Through inbark. Inbark showing Traversante. Entre-ecorce apparais- 2.3.4.2 Ck"603HaR npopocmb. T?POPOCTb, BbI-
simultaneously on two sides of the sant simultanement sur deux &es de XOASI4a5I OAHOBPCMCHHO Ha ABe 60-
la piece. KOBbIC IIOBepXHOCTH COpTHMeHTa.
piece.
2.3.5 False heartwood. Abnormal dark color- 2.3.5 Faux ccur. Coloration anormale sombre 2.3.5 floacrtoe &PO. HeHopManbHaR TCMHaFI
ation of the inner portion of the trunk de la partie centrale du bois parfait, de OKpaCKa BHJ’TPeHHeii YaCTlI CTBOJIa pa3-
teinte, d’intensite et d’uniformite varia- HbIX OTTeHKOB, HHTCHCkIBHOCTH I4 PaBHO-
in different tinges, intensity and unifor-
mity, without reduction of the wood hard- bles, sans reduction de la durete du bois. MePHOCTH 6e3 IIOHEDKCHMII TBCPAOCTM Ape-
ness, occurring in the growing trees of Ce defaut apparait dans l’arbre sur pied BeCMHbI, BO3HHKalOIIJaR B PaCTyLIJHX AC-
the species with irregular formation of the des especes ayant une formation irregu- peBb5IX y ApCBCCHbIX l-IOpO,lJ C HepCI-YJIRp-
heartwood (birch, beech, etc.) (Fig. 14). liere du duramen (bouleau, hetre, etc.) HLIM %fipoo6pa3osaH~eM (6epe3a, 6y1c
(Fig. 14). M AP. (PK. 14).
---------------------- Page: 12 ----------------------
2.3.6 2.3.6 ~8mHucmocmb. MeCTHaX oKpacKa 3a6o-
2.3.6 Flecks. Local coloration of sapwood in Taches et veines. Coloration locale de
the form of spots and streaks, without l’aubier de l’arbre sur pied en forme de B BEIAe IISITeH kI IIOJIOC 6e3 nomxe-
reduction of the wood hardness, occurring taches ou de veines dont la teinte est TBepAOCTM ApeBeCMHbI , B03HEIKaIO-
in growing trees and approximating in col- proche de celles du coeur, sans affaiblisse- IIJacI B paCTy4HX AepeBbSIX M 6nM3Kaa II0
ment de la duretk du bois (Fig. 15). JJBeTy K OKpaCKe IIApa (PHC. 15).
our to that of the heartwood (Fig. 15).
2.3.7 Lunure. Couches annuelles situkes dans la 2.3.7 BHyl'l'lpeHHRfi 3dOAOHb. ]rOAOBbIe CJ-IOH,
2.3.7 Included sapwood. Annual rings in heart-
wood whose coloration and properties zone du duramen et dont la coloration et paCI-IOJIOXeHHbIe B 30He RApa, OKpaCKa
approximate to those of the sapwood les propriMs sont voisines de celles de M CBOiiCTBa KOTOpbIX 6JIEI3Kli K OKpaCKe FI
(Fig. 16). l’aubier (Fig. 16). cBoficTsaM 3a6onoHa (Pac. 16).
2.3.8 Tannin coloration. Surface (2 to 5 mm 2.3.8 Coloration due ci I’oxydation du tanin dans 2.3.8 flpoby&Ha. nOBepXHOCTHa5I (rBy6HHoji
deep) reddish-brown or bluish-brown col- Ze bois. Coloration de surface brune-rou- 2-5 hhtf) KpaCHOBaTO-KOpWHeBaR HJ-IkI
oration occurring in wood due to oxida- gegtre ou brune-bleugtre (de 2 5 5 mm de CmHeBaTO-6ypax OKpaCKa, B03HMKaEOLUaSI
tion of the tannin substances (Fig. 17). profondeur) (Fig. 17). B ApeBeCHHe B pe3yJIbTaTe OKkICJ-IeHEISI
Ay6mbHbIX BeWeCTB (PHC. 17).
2.4 Defects caused by fungi 2.4 AMrations dues i l’action des champignons 2.4 r@kbIe nopaxesas
2.4.1 Fungal heartwood stains and streaks. Zones 2.4.1 Taches et veines de cIx?ur dues d faction des 2.4.1 rpu6Hble dpo6ble nfirnfta u noAoC’bl. YyacT-
of heartwood characterized by abnormal champignons. Parties du duramen caract& K&I HeHOpMaJlbHOii OKpaCKM IIApa 6e3 IlO-
coloration without reduction in hardness, risees par une coloration anormale, sans HEIXeHMII TBepAOCTEi ApeBeCkiHbI, B03Hkl-
appearing in the growing tree under the affaiblissement de la duretk du bois, appa- KaIowtfe B pacTyweh4 Aepese noa B03-
action of wood-destroying fungi (the first raissant pendant la p&iode de la croissance AeiiCTBMeM AepeBopa3pyIWUO~E3X rpM6oB
(I-ICpBaSI CTaAH5I B03AejiCTBRR) (PHC. 18).
stage of action) (Fig. 18). de l’arbre, sous l’action des champignons
xylophages (premier stade de l’action)
(Fig. 18).
2.4.2 Heartwood rot. Zones of heartwood char- 2.4.2 Pourriture de c@ur. Parties du duramen 2.4.2 gdposa8 ZHUAb. HeHOpManbHbIe I-IO I&Be-
=z
acterized by abnormal colour and reduced caract&iskes par une coloration anormale Ty
...
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