ISO 8784-2:2023
(Main)Pulp, paper and board — Microbiological examination — Part 2: Enumeration of bacteria, yeast and mould on surface
Pulp, paper and board — Microbiological examination — Part 2: Enumeration of bacteria, yeast and mould on surface
This document specifies a method for determining the bacteria, yeast and mould population on the surface of paper and paperboard. The enumeration relates to specific media. This document is applicable to all kinds of paper and paperboard, to dry market pulp in sheet form and to packaging material.
Pâtes, papiers et cartons — Analyse microbiologique — Partie 2: Dénombrement des bactéries, des levures et des moisissures en surface
Le présent document spécifie une méthode de détermination de la population de bactéries, de levures et de moisissures à la surface du papier et du carton. Le dénombrement se rapporte à un milieu spécifique. Le présent document s’applique à tous les types de papiers et de cartons, à la pâte commerciale sèche sous forme de feuilles et au matériau d’emballage.
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 8784-2
First edition
2023-05
Pulp, paper and board —
Microbiological examination —
Part 2:
Enumeration of bacteria, yeast and
mould on surface
Pâtes, papiers et cartons — Analyse microbiologique —
Partie 2: Dénombrement des bactéries, des levures et des moisissures
en surface
Reference number
ISO 8784-2:2023(E)
© ISO 2023
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 8784-2:2023(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO 8784-2:2023(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 2
5 Culture media - Contact plates for bacteria, yeast and mould . 2
6 Apparatus . 2
7 Sampling . 3
8 Preparation of the test material. 3
9 Procedure .3
9.1 Conditions . 3
9.2 Collection of bacteria, yeast and mould . 3
9.3 Incubation . 5
10 Enumeration of the colonies .5
11 Expression of results and report . 5
11.1 Expression of results . . 5
11.2 Interpretation . 5
12 Test report . 5
iii
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO 8784-2:2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 6, Paper, board and pulps, Subcommittee
SC 2, Test methods and quality specifications for paper and board.
A list of all parts in the ISO 8784 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO 8784-2:2023(E)
Introduction
Because of the exacting techniques required in aseptic procedures, reproducible, good quality results
can only be ensured by skilled microbiological technicians.
v
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 8784-2:2023(E)
Pulp, paper and board — Microbiological examination —
Part 2:
Enumeration of bacteria, yeast and mould on surface
1 Scope
This document specifies a method for determining the bacteria, yeast and mould population on the
surface of paper and paperboard. The enumeration relates to specific media.
This document is applicable to all kinds of paper and paperboard, to dry market pulp in sheet form and
to packaging material.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 186, Paper and board — Sampling to determine average quality
ISO 7213, Pulps — Sampling for testing
ISO 7218, Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs — General rules for microbiological examinations
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
bacteria
microscopic, single-cell organisms that possess a prokaryotic type of cell structure, which reproduce
by fission and are able to grow under specific test conditions
3.2
yeast
single-cell fungus, which multiplies mainly vegetatively by budding, able to grow under specific test
conditions
3.3
mould
mycelium forming microfungus, including spores and conidia, able to grow under specific test
conditions
3.4
test piece
portion of the paper or paperboard product which is used in the test to evaluate the number of bacteria,
yeast and mould on the surface of the product
1
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
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ISO 8784-2:2023(E)
4 Principle
This method describes a procedure for determining the number of colony-forming units (CFU) of
bacteria, y
...
NORME ISO
INTERNATIONALE 8784-2
Première édition
2023-05
Pâtes, papiers et cartons — Analyse
microbiologique —
Partie 2:
Dénombrement des bactéries, des
levures et des moisissures en surface
Pulp, paper and board — Microbiological examination —
Part 2: Enumeration of bacteria, yeast and mould on surface
Numéro de référence
ISO 8784-2:2023(F)
© ISO 2023
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 8784-2:2023(F)
DOCUMENT PROTÉGÉ PAR COPYRIGHT
© ISO 2023
Tous droits réservés. Sauf prescription différente ou nécessité dans le contexte de sa mise en œuvre, aucune partie de cette
publication ne peut être reproduite ni utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique,
y compris la photocopie, ou la diffusion sur l’internet ou sur un intranet, sans autorisation écrite préalable. Une autorisation peut
être demandée à l’ISO à l’adresse ci-après ou au comité membre de l’ISO dans le pays du demandeur.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Genève
Tél.: +41 22 749 01 11
E-mail: copyright@iso.org
Web: www.iso.org
Publié en Suisse
ii
© ISO 2023 – Tous droits réservés
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO 8784-2:2023(F)
Sommaire Page
Avant-propos .iv
Introduction .v
1 Domaine d’application . 1
2 Références normatives .1
3 Termes et définitions . 1
4 Principe. 2
5 Milieux de culture - Boîtes de contact pour les bactéries, les levures et
les moisissures .2
6 Matériel . 2
7 Échantillonnage .3
8 Préparation du matériau pour essai .3
9 Mode opératoire . 4
9.1 Conditions . 4
9.2 Recueil de bactéries, de levures et de moisissures . 4
9.3 Incubation . 5
10 Dénombrement des colonies .5
11 Expression des résultats et rapport .6
11.1 Expression des résultats . . 6
11.2 Interprétation . 6
12 Rapport d’essai . 6
iii
© ISO 2023 – Tous droits réservés
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO 8784-2:2023(F)
Avant-propos
L'ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d'organismes
nationaux de normalisation (comités membres de l'ISO). L'élaboration des Normes internationales est
en général confiée aux comités techniques de l'ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude
a le droit de faire partie du comité technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales,
gouvernementales et non gouvernementales, en liaison avec l'ISO participent également aux travaux.
L'ISO collabore étroitement avec la Commission électrotechnique internationale (IEC) en ce qui
concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les procédures utilisées pour élaborer le présent document et celles destinées à sa mise à jour sont
décrites dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 1. Il convient, en particulier de prendre note des différents
critères d'approbation requis pour les différents types de documents ISO. Le présent document
a été rédigé conformément aux règles de rédaction données dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 2
(voir www.iso.org/directives).
L'attention est attirée sur le fait que certains des éléments du présent document peuvent faire l'objet de
droits de propriété intellectuelle ou de droits analogues. L'ISO ne saurait être tenue pour responsable
de ne pas avoir identifié de tels droits de propriété et averti de leur existence. Les détails concernant
les références aux droits de propriété intellectuelle ou autres droits analogues identifiés lors de
l'élaboration du document sont indiqués dans l'Introduction et/ou dans la liste des déclarations de
brevets reçues par l'ISO (voir www.iso.org/brevets).
Les appellations commerciales éventuellement mentionnées dans le présent document sont données
pour information, par souci de commodité, à l’intention des utilisateurs et ne sauraient constituer un
engagement.
Pour une explication de la nature volontaire des normes, la signification des termes et expressions
spécifiques de l'ISO liés à l'évaluation de la conformité, ou pour toute information au sujet de l'adhésion
de l'ISO aux principes de l’Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC) concernant les obstacles
techniques au commerce (OTC), voir: www.iso.org/iso/fr/avant-propos.
Le présent document a été élaboré par le comité technique ISO/TC 6, Papiers, cartons et pâtes, sous-
comité SC 2, Méthodes d'essais et spécifications de qualité des papiers et cartons.
Une liste de toutes les parties de la série ISO 8784 se trouve sur le site web de l’ISO.
Il convient que l’utilisateur adresse tout retour d’information ou toute question concernant le présent
document à l’organisme national de normalisation de son pays. Une liste exhaustive desdits organismes
se trouve à l’adresse www.iso.org/fr/members.html.
iv
© ISO 2023 – Tous droits réservés
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO 8784-2:2023(F)
Introduction
Compte tenu de la précision des techniques exigées dans les modes opératoires aseptiques, des
résultats reproductibles de bonne qualité peuvent être garantis uniquement par un personnel qualifié
en microbiologie.
v
© ISO 2023 – Tous droits réservés
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
NORME INTERNATIONALE ISO 8784-2:2023(F)
Pâtes, papiers et cartons — Analyse microbiologique —
Partie 2:
Dénombrement des bactéries, des levures et des
moisissures en surface
1 Domaine d’application
Le présent document spécifie une méthode de détermination de la population de bactéries, de levures et
de moisissures à la surface du papier et du carton. Le dénombrement se rapporte à un milieu spécifique.
Le présent document s’applique à tous les types de papiers et de cartons, à la pâte commerciale sèche
sous forme de feuilles et au matériau d’emballage.
2 Références normatives
Les documents suivants sont cités dans le texte de sorte qu’ils constituent, pour tout ou partie de leur
contenu, des exigences du présent document. Pour les références datées, seule l’édition citée s’applique.
Pour les références non datées, la dernière édition du document de référence s'applique (y compris les
éventuels amendements).
ISO 186, Papier et carton — Échantillonnage pour déterminer la qualité moyenne
ISO 7213, Pâtes — Échantillonnage pour essais
ISO 7218, Microbiologie des aliments — Règles générales pour les examens microbiologiques
3 Termes et définitions
Pour les besoins du présent document, les termes et définitions suivants s'appliquent.
L'ISO et l'IEC tiennent à jour des bases de données terminologiques destinées à être utilisées en
normalisation, consultables aux adresses suivantes:
— ISO Online browsing platform: disponible à l'adresse https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: disponible à l'adresse https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
bactérie
organisme microscopique unicellulaire ayant une structure cellulaire de type procaryote, qui se
reproduit par division et peut croître dans des conditions d’essai spécifiques
3.2
levure
champignon unicellulaire qui se multiplie principalement de manière végétative en bourgeonnant,
capable de se développer dans des conditions d’essais spécifiques
3.3
moisissure
mycélium formant des micromycètes, y compris les spores et les conidies, capable de se développer
dans des conditions d’essai spécifiques
1
© ISO 2023 – Tous droits réservés
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
ISO 8784-2:2023(F)
3.4
éprouvette
partie du produit en papier ou en carton qui est utilisée dans l’essai pour évaluer le nombre de bactéries,
de levures et de moisissures à la surface du produit
4 Principe
La présente méthode décrit un mode opératoire permettant de déterminer le nombre d’unités formant
colonie (UFC) de bactéries, de levures et de moisissures transférées depuis la surface d’un échantillon
en réalisant une empreinte de surface de l'échantillon sur un milieu gélosé nutritif (méthode utilisant
des boîtes de contact). Des éprouvettes de papier, de carton ou de pâte commerciale sèche sous forme
de feuilles sont maintenues pressées contre la surface de boîtes de contact de milieu de culture gélosé
spécifié pendant 10 s, à température ambiante. Le temps de contact entre l'échantillon et le milieu
gélosé nutritif à température ambiante est de 5 h pour les bactéries et de 20 h pour les levures et les
moisissures. Les éprouvettes sont ensuite
...
FINAL
INTERNATIONAL ISO/FDIS
DRAFT
STANDARD 8784-2
ISO/TC 6/SC 2
Pulp, paper and board —
Secretariat: SIS
Microbiological examination —
Voting begins on:
2023-02-16
Part 2:
Voting terminates on:
Enumeration of bacteria, yeast and
2023-04-13
mould on surface
Pâtes, papiers et cartons — Analyse microbienne —
Partie 2: Dénombrement des bactéries, des levures et des moisissures
en surface
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO
SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION
OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH
THEY ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING
DOCUMENTATION.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
Reference number
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
ISO/FDIS 8784-2:2023(E)
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES,
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON
OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE
LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STAN-
DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
NATIONAL REGULATIONS. © ISO 2023
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 8784-2:2023(E)
FINAL
INTERNATIONAL ISO/FDIS
DRAFT
STANDARD 8784-2
ISO/TC 6/SC 2
Pulp, paper and board —
Secretariat: SIS
Microbiological examination —
Voting begins on:
Part 2:
Voting terminates on:
Enumeration of bacteria, yeast and
mould on surface
Pâtes, papiers et cartons — Analyse microbienne —
Partie 2: Dénombrement des bactéries, des levures et des moisissures
en surface
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO
ISO copyright office
SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION
OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
THEY ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
DOCUMENTATION.
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
Reference number
Email: copyright@iso.org
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
ISO/FDIS 8784-2:2023(E)
Website: www.iso.org
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES,
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON
Published in Switzerland
OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE
LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STAN-
DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
ii
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
NATIONAL REGULATIONS. © ISO 2023
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 8784-2:2023(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 2
5 Culture media - Contact plates for bacteria, yeast and mould . 2
6 Apparatus . 2
7 Sampling . 3
8 Preparation of the test material. 3
9 Procedure .3
9.1 Conditions . 3
9.2 Collection of bacteria, yeast and mould . 3
9.3 Incubation . 5
10 Enumeration of the colonies .5
11 Expression of results and report . 6
11.1 Expression of results . . 6
11.2 Interpretation . 6
12 Report . 6
iii
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 8784-2:2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 6, Paper, board and pulps, Subcommittee
SC 2, Test methods and quality specifications for paper and board.
A list of all parts in the ISO 8784 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 8784-2:2023(E)
Introduction
Because of the exacting techniques required in aseptic procedures, reproducible, good quality results
can only be ensured by skilled microbiological technicians.
v
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
FINAL DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/FDIS 8784-2:2023(E)
Pulp, paper and board — Microbiological examination —
Part 2:
Enumeration of bacteria, yeast and mould on surface
1 Scope
This document specifies a method for determining the bacteria, yeast and mould population on the
surface of paper and paperboard. The enumeration relates to specific media.
This document is applicable to all kinds of paper and paperboard, to dry market pulp in sheet form and
to packaging material.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 186, Paper and board — Sampling to determine average quality
ISO 7213, Pulps — Sampling for testing
ISO 7218, Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs — General rules for microbiological examinations
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
bacteria
microscopic, single-cell organisms that possess a prokaryotic type of cell structure, which reproduce
by fission a
...
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
ISO/FDIS 8784-2:2022 (E)
2022-12-19
ISO/TC 6/SC 2
Secretariat: SIS
Date: 2023-02-02
Pulp, paper and board — Microbiological examination —
Part 2:
Enumeration of bacteria, yeast and mould on surface
Pâtes, papiers et cartons — Analyse microbienne —
Partie 2: Dénombrement des bactéries, des levures et des moisissures en surface
FDIS stage
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 8784-2:20222023(E)
© ISO 20212023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this
publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can
be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: + 41 22 749 01 11
EmailE-mail: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2022 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 8784-2:2022 2023(E)
Contents
Foreword . iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 1
5 Culture media - Contact plates for bacteria, yeast and mould . 2
6 Apparatus . 2
7 Sampling . 2
8 Preparation of the test material . 3
9 Procedure . 3
9.1 Conditions . 3
9.2 Collection of bacteria, yeast and mould . 3
9.3 Incubation . 4
10 Enumeration of the colonies . 4
11 Expression of results and report . 5
11.1 Expression of results . 5
11.2 Interpretation . 5
12 Report . 5
© ISO 2022 2023 – All rights reserved iii
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 8784-2:20222023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO
collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any
patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on
the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World
Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 6, Paper, board and pulps, Subcommittee
SC 2, Test methods and quality specifications for paper and board.
A list of all parts in the ISO 8784 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
Field Code Changed
iv © ISO 2022 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 8784-2:2022 2023(E)
Introduction
Because of the exacting techniques required in aseptic procedures, reproducible, good quality results can
only be ensured by skilled microbiological technicians.
© ISO 2022 2023 – All rights reserved v
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 8784-2:2023(E)
Pulp, paper and board — Microbiological examination — —
Part 2:
Enumeration of bacteria, yeast and mould on surface
1 Scope
This document specifies a method for determining the bacteria, yeast and mould population on the
surface of paper and paperboard. The enumeration relates to specific media.
This document is applicable to all kinds of paper and paperboard, to dry market pulp in sheet form and
to packaging material.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 186, Paper and board — Sampling to determine average quality
ISO 7213, Pulps — Sampling for testing
ISO 7218, Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs — General rules for microbiological examinations
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— — ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— — IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1
bacteria
microscopic, single-cell organisms that possess a prokaryotic type of cell structure, which reproduce by
fission and are able to grow under the specific test conditions
3.2
yeast
single-cell fungus, which multiplies mainly vegetatively by budding, able to grow under specific test
conditions
3.3
mould
mycelium forming microfungus, including spores and conidia, able to grow under specific test conditions
3.4
test piece
portion of the paper or paperboard product which is used in the test to evaluate the number of bacteria,
yeast and mould on the surface of the product
4 Principle
This method describes a procedure for determining the number of colony-forming units (CFU) of
bacteria, yeast and mould transferred from the surface of a sample by making a surface print of the
sample on a nutrient agar medium (contact-plate method). Test pieces of paper, paperboard or dry
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ISO/FDIS 8784-2:2023(E)
market pulp in sheet form are pressed on to the surface of specified agar culture media contact plates for
10 seconds at room temperature. The contact time between the sample and the nutrient agar medium at
room temperature is 5 h for bacteria and 20 h for yeast and mould. The test pieces are then removed and
contact plates are incubated at 37 °C ± 2 °C for 2 d for bacteria and at 25 °C ± 2 °C for 3 d to 5 d for yeast
and mould. At the end of the incu
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