ISO/PRF 4078-2

• Abstract:

  Creation of a series of international standards for electric road system for BEVs Specify how roadside feeding electric road system can be integrated in a sustainable mobility and transportation: - Defining role architecture of electric road system with dynamic charging capability - Part 2 (This part): service and operational concept - Part 3 (Future part): system components

• Status: Not Published
• ICS: 03.220.20 - Road transport
• ICS: 13.020.20 - Environmental economics. Sustainability
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 268/SC 2 - Sustainable cities and communities - Sustainable mobility and transportation
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 268/SC 2 - Sustainable cities and communities - Sustainable mobility and transportation
• Current Stage: 5020 - FDIS ballot initiated: 2 months. Proof sent to secretariat
• Start Date: 22-Sep-2026
• Completion Date: 26-Sep-2026

Overview

ISO/PRF 4078-2 is part of the ISO 4078 series for sustainable mobility and transportation and focuses on the service and operational concept for a roadside feeding electric road system (ERS) with dynamic charging capability. The standard supports the development of international standards for electric road systems used by battery-electric vehicles (BEVs), especially in intercity and commercial transport.

This part provides a baseline for how a roadside ERS can operate as a practical mobility service. It addresses the role and function model of the system, helping organizations design solutions that support renewable energy use, secure charging rights, data exchange, and reliable service delivery. It also aims to support future business development without limiting innovation in electric road infrastructure.

Key Topics

ISO/PRF 4078-2 covers the operational framework of roadside feeding ERS, including:

• System components

  • Renewable energy power source
  • Energy storage
  • Power feeding facility
  • Vehicle-side power receiving and feeding facility
  • Digital infrastructure for electric power management

• Charging modes

  • Intermittent charging while driving
  • Continuous charging while driving

• Service and concept of operations

  • Power transfer to and from the vehicle
  • Data aggregation from vehicles and infrastructure
  • Authentication, charging rights, and payment history
  • Fee collection concepts for ERS services
  • Data sharing with external services
  • Communication link requirements between ERS and vehicles

• Operational scenarios

  • Approach, contact, request service, grant service, begin service, terminate service, and disconnect from ERS
  • Infrastructure-side and vehicle-side actions for each step

• Safety and security considerations

  • Human hazard prevention
  • Cybersecurity measures
  • Use of digital certificates and blacklists
  • Monitoring for unauthorized energy use

Applications

This standard is especially relevant for stakeholders involved in electric road system deployment, smart transportation planning, and roadside charging infrastructure. Practical applications include:

• Interurban freight corridors
• Commercial BEV transport systems
• Sustainable mobility infrastructure planning
• Energy management for dynamic charging roads
• Fee collection and service validation frameworks
• Pilot projects for contact-type electric road systems

It is useful for road operators, infrastructure providers, technology developers, and policymakers who need a shared operational model for roadside electric vehicle charging while driving.

Related Standards

ISO/PRF 4078-2 is part of the broader ISO 4078 series on roadside feeding electric road systems. Related areas include:

• ISO 4078 series - overall framework for electric road systems
• Future Part 3 - system components
• IEC standards - electric interface requirements for vehicle-side facilities

Together, these standards support a more interoperable, secure, and scalable approach to electric road system standardization and sustainable road transport electrification.

International
Standard
ISO 4078-2
First edition
Sustainable mobility and
transportation — Roadside feeding
electric road system —
Part 2:
Service and operational concept
Mobilité et transports durables — Système routier électrique
d'alimentation en bord de route —
Partie 2: Service et concept opérationnel
PROOF/ÉPREUVE
Reference number
ISO 4078-2:2026(en) © ISO 2026

ISO 4078-2:2026(en)
© ISO 2026
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
PROOF/ÉPREUVE
ii
ISO 4078-2:2026(en)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 System components . 1
4.1 Renewable energy power source .1
4.2 Energy storage .1
4.3 Power feeding facility .1
4.4 Vehicle feeding facility for vehicle side power receiving system facilities .2
4.5 Digital infrastructure supporting electric road system for electric power management .2
5 Charging modes . 2
5.1 General .2
5.2 Intermittent charging while driving .3
5.3 Continuous charging while driving . . .3
6 Charging feed line segmentation . 3
7 Services and concept of operations. 3
8 Physical components . 4
9 Digital components . 4
10 Communication link between ERS and vehicle . 4
11 Operational use cases and scenarios . 4
11.1 General .4
11.2 Use cases .5
11.3 Scenarios: common rule in all steps .5
11.4 Scenarios: Approach ERS: vehicle side .5
11.5 Scenarios: Approach ERS: infrastructure side .5
11.6 Scenarios: Contact ERS: vehicle side .5
11.7 Scenarios: Contact ERS: infrastructure side .6
11.8 Scenarios: Request service: vehicle side .6
11.9 Scenarios: Request service: infrastructure side .6
11.10 Scenarios: Grant service: vehicle side .6
11.11 Scenarios: Grant service: infrastructure side .6
11.12 Scenarios: Begin service: vehicle side .6
11.13 Scenarios: Begin service: infrastructure side .6
11.14 Scenarios: Terminate service: vehicle side .7
11.15 Scenarios: Terminate service: infrastructure side.7
11.16 Scenarios: Disconnect from ERS: vehicle side .7
11.17 Scenarios: Disconnect from ERS: infrastructure side .7
12 Electric road charging fee management . 7
12.1 General .7
12.2 Concept of service .8
Annex A (informative) Use case examples . 9
Bibliography .11
PROOF/ÉPREUVE
iii
ISO 4078-2:2026(en)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 268, Sustainable cities and communities,
Subcommittee SC 2, Sustainable mobility and transportation.
A list of all parts in the ISO 4078 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
PROOF/ÉPREUVE
iv
ISO 4078-2:2026(en)
Introduction
Achieving carbon neutrality for heavy-duty commercial vehicles, which are responsible for intercity freight
transport, is essential. Possible solutions include battery-electric vehicles and hydrogen-powered vehicles.
There are challenges associated with using battery-electric vehicles for long-haul intercity commercial
transportation.
For large battery-electric vehicles, long-distance travel that relies solely on stationary charging is inefficient
and uneconomical due to the significant time required for charging.
Therefore, an effective approach is to supply electricity from roadside infrastructure while the vehicle is in
motion on interurban corridors, thereby providing driving energy and charging the on-board battery.
At the beginning and end of a trip, the vehicle can operate as a pure battery-electric vehicle, producing no
carbon dioxide emissions. Various dynamic charging technologies – systems that provide electrical power to
vehicles while driving – have already been developed worldwide.
This document describes the service and operational concept of contact-type roadside electric road systems.
To eliminate carbon dioxide emissions, the use of electric vehicles powered by renewable energy is
important. Installing energy-storage equipment enables fluctuations in the load to be smoothed out when
variations in energy demand happen.
Safety measures to protect humans from hazards associated with roadside power-supply equipment are
important. In addition, cybersecurity measures are effective against cyber-attacks.
Authentication of both the power-supply side and the power-receiving side is also important to prevent
unauthorized energy use by third parties.
Only when these measures are taken, can a highly reliable electric road system be established.
The ISO 4078 series specifies the roadside electric road system and related services supporting intercity
commercial electric vehicle transportation systems.
Because multiple methodologies exist for presenting the role and function models, there is a need for
commonly understood presentation guidance and requirements. This document defines such guidance and
requirements for a generic roadside-powered electric road service role and function model.
This document provides the service and operational concepts as a baseline. It intends to support, not hinder,
future business development, and to assist in developing business cases for other future road system
services beyond electric road services.
PROOF/ÉPREUVE
v
International Standard ISO 4078-2:2026(en)
Sustainable mobility and transportation — Roadside feeding
electric road system —
Part 2:
Service and operational concept
1 Scope
This document specifies:
— service and operational concept of electric road system with dynamic charging capability
The in-vehicle control system is not within the scope of this document.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
No terms and definitions are listed in this document.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
4 System components
4.1 Renewable energy power source
The renewable energy power source component is labelled as key 1 in Figure 1, and it is the power source
for the electric road system. It should use renewable power sources, such as solar power, wind turbines, or a
combination of both.
4.2 Energy storage
To cope with power demand surge and the instability of renewable power generation, installing the energy
storage facility is necessary for efficient electric road operation. The energy storage facility should be
installed.
The energy storage component is labelled as key 2 in Figure 1. Electric interface requirements are outside of
the scope of this document.
4.3 Power feeding facility
The power feeding facility component labelled as key 3 in Figure 1, the power feeding system, installed
alongside the roadway is a key component of this roadside feeding electric road system. The interface to the
electric vehicle (EV) shall be standardized.
PROOF/ÉPREUVE
ISO 4078-2:2026(en)
The safety measures to avoid human hazard from electric road systems should be built in.
The type of current in a power feeding facility is a.c. (number of
...

ISO/TC 268/SC 2
Secretariat: JISC
Sustainable mobility and transportation — Roadside feeding electric
road system —
Part 2:
Service and operational concept
Mobilité et transports durables — Système routier électrique d'alimentation en bord de route —
Partie 2: Service et concept opérationnel
PROOF
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication
may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,
or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO
at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: + 41 22 749 01 11
E-mail: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
Contents
Foreword . iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 System components . 1
4.1 Renewable energy power source . 1
4.2 Energy storage . 1
4.3 Power feeding facility . 1
4.4 Vehicle feeding facility for vehicle side power receiving system facilities . 2
4.5 Digital infrastructure supporting electric road system for electric power management . 2
5 Charging modes . 4
5.1 General . 4
5.2 Intermittent charging while driving . 4
5.3 Continuous charging while driving . 4
6 Charging feed line segmentation . 4
7 Services and concept of operations . 4
8 Physical components . 5
9 Digital components . 5
10 Communication link between ERS and vehicle . 6
11 Operational use cases and scenarios . 6
11.1 General . 6
11.2 Use cases . 6
11.3 Scenarios: common rule in all steps . 7
11.4 Scenarios: Approach ERS: vehicle side . 7
11.5 Scenarios: Approach ERS: infrastructure side . 7
11.6 Scenarios: Contact ERS: vehicle side . 7
11.7 Scenarios: Contact ERS: infrastructure side . 7
11.8 Scenarios: Request service: vehicle side . 7
11.9 Scenarios: Request service: infrastructure side . 8
11.10 Scenarios: Grant service: vehicle side . 8
11.11 Scenarios: Grant service: infrastructure side . 8
11.12 Scenarios: Begin service: vehicle side . 8
11.13 Scenarios: Begin service: infrastructure side . 8
11.14 Scenarios: Terminate service: vehicle side . 8
11.15 Scenarios: Terminate service: infrastructure side . 9
11.16 Scenarios: Disconnect from ERS: vehicle side . 9
11.17 Scenarios: Disconnect from ERS: infrastructure side . 9
12 Electric road charging fee management . 9
12.1 General . 9
12.2 Concept of service . 10
Annex A (informative) Use case examples . 12
Bibliography . 16

iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types of
ISO documentdocuments should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules
of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights
in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a) patent(s)
which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not
represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 268, Sustainable cities and communities,
Subcommittee SC 2, Sustainable mobility and transportation.
A list of all parts in the ISO 4078 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
Introduction
Achieving carbon neutrality for heavy-duty commercial vehicles—, which are responsible for intercity freight
transport—, is essential. Possible solutions include battery-electric vehicles and hydrogen-powered vehicles.
TheThere are challenges associated with using battery-electric vehicles for long-haul intercity commercial
transportation.
For large battery-electric vehicles, long-distance travel that relies solely on stationary charging is inefficient
and uneconomical due to the significant time required for charging.
Therefore, an effective approach is to supply electricity from roadside infrastructure while the vehicle is in
motion on interurban corridors, thereby providing driving energy and charging the on-board battery.
At the beginning and end of a trip, the vehicle can operate as a pure battery-electric vehicle, producing no
carbon dioxide emissions. Various dynamic charging technologies— – systems that provide electrical power
to vehicles while driving— – have already been developed worldwide.
This document describes onthe service and operational concept of contact-type roadside electric road
systems.
To eliminate carbon dioxide emissions, the use of electric vehicles powered by renewable energy is important
as far as possible. It is also necessary to install. Installing energy-storage equipment to smooth out the enables
fluctuations in the load resulting fromto be smoothed out when variations in energy demand happen.
Safety measures to protect humans from hazards associated with roadside power-supply equipment is
necessary.are important. In addition, cybersecurity measures are required to preventeffective against cyber-
attacks.
Authentication of both the power-supply side and the power-receiving side is also important to prevent
unauthorized energy use by third parties.
Only when these measures are taken, can a highly reliable electric road system be established.
The ISO 4078 series specifyspecifies the roadside electric road system and related services supporting
intercity commercial electric vehicle transportation systems.
Because multiple methodologies exist for presenting the role and function models, there is a need for
commonly understood presentation guidelines.guidance and requirements. This document defines such
guidelinesguidance and requirements for a generic roadside-powered electric road service role and function
model.
This document is providingprovides the service and operational concepts as a baseline. It is intendedintends
to support, not hinder, future business development, and may alsoto assist in developing business cases for
other future road system services beyond electric road services.
v
Sustainable mobility and transportation– — Roadside feeding electric
road system —
Part 2:
Service and operational concept
1 Scope
This document specifies:
— — service and operational concept of electric road system with dynamic charging capability.
InThe in-vehicle control system is not inwithin the scope of this document.
2 Normative references of
There are no normative reference documentsreferences in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the followingNo terms and definitions applyare listed in this document.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— — ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— — IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
4 System components
4.1 Renewable energy power source
The renewable energy power source component is markedlabelled as key 1 in Figure 1figure 1, and it is the
power source for the electric road system and it. It should beuse renewable power sourcesources, such as
solar power, wind turbines and, or a combination of both combined. .
4.2 Energy storage
To cope with power demand surge and the instability of renewable power generation, installing the energy
storage facility is requirednecessary for efficient electric road operation. It is recommended that theThe
energy storage facility should be installed.
The energy storage component is markedlabelled as key 2 in Figure 1figure 1. Electric interface requirements
are outside of the scope of this document.
4.3 Power feeding facility
The component is marked 3 in figure 1. .
The power feeding facility component labelled as key 3 in Figure 1, the power feeding system, installed along
side ofalongside the roadway is a key component of this roadside feeding electric road system. InterfaceThe
interface to the EV (electric vehicle (EV) shall be standardized.

The safety measures to avoid human hazard from electric road systemsystems should be built in.
TypeThe type of current: AC in a power feeding facility is a.c. (number of phases) or DCd.c.
VoltageThe voltage range: in a power feeding facility is 200- to 350 V, 500- to 750 V, 700- to 1 000 V, 900- to
1 500 V, etc.
4.4 Vehicle feeding facility for vehicle side power receiving system facilities
The The vehicle side power receiving/feeding facility component is markedlabelled as key 4 in
Figure 1figure 1. Electric interface requirements are defined by IEC.
The vehicle feeding facility is outoutside of the scope of this document.
4.5 Digital infrastructure supporting electric road system for electric power
managementsmanagement
The digital infrastructure supporting the electric road system for electric power management component is
markedlabelled as key 5 in Figure 1figure 1.
Key
1 renewable energy power source
2 energy storage
3 power feeding facility
4 vehicle side power receiving/feeding facility
5 digital infrastructure supporting electric road system for electric power management
6 scope of this document
Figure 1 — Scope boundariesSystem components
5 Charging modes
5.1 General
There could be various charging modes in dynamic charging systemsystems. The difference between those
systems should be considered when designing the electric road system.
5.2 Intermittent charging while driving
"For the roadside feeding electric road systems (ERS), which has largehave a high charging amount
capabilitycapacity, deployment of intermittent charging operation is possible. ERS service providerproviders
should install feeding facilityfacilities only on some parts of the entire roadside length.
5.3 Continuous charging while driving
For the other small capacity feeding type ERS, which hashave small charging amount capabilitycapacity,
deployment of continuous charging operation is recommended. ERS service providerproviders should install
feeding facilityfacilities on all parts of the roadside length.
6 Charging
...