ISO/PRF 4078-1

• Abstract:

  Creation of a series of international standards for electric road system for BEVs Specify how roadside feeding electric road system can be integrated in a sustainable mobility and transportation: - Defining role architecture of electric road system with dynamic charging capability - Part 1 (This part): role and architecture model description - Part 2 (Future part): service and operational concept - Part 3 (Future part): system components

• Status: Not Published
• ICS: 03.220.20 - Road transport
• ICS: 13.020.20 - Environmental economics. Sustainability
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 268/SC 2 - Sustainable cities and communities - Sustainable mobility and transportation
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 268/SC 2 - Sustainable cities and communities - Sustainable mobility and transportation
• Current Stage: 5020 - FDIS ballot initiated: 2 months. Proof sent to secretariat
• Start Date: 22-Sep-2026
• Completion Date: 26-Sep-2026

Overview

ISO/PRF 4078-1 is an ISO standard draft for sustainable mobility and transportation that focuses on the service role architecture of a roadside feeding electric road system (ERS). It is part of a planned ISO 4078 series addressing how electric road systems for battery electric vehicles (BEVs) can be integrated into intercity and commercial transport environments.

This part of the series defines a role and architecture model for ERS with dynamic charging capability. It provides a common framework for understanding service roles, operational layers, and stakeholder interactions in roadside feeding systems. The document is intended to support consistent international standardization while allowing for national and regional variations in regulation, service provision, and certification.

A key value of ISO/PRF 4078-1 is its focus on the service model rather than detailed vehicle equipment. This helps stakeholders establish a shared baseline for future deployment, planning, and business development in sustainable transportation.

Key Topics

The standard outlines several important areas for ERS service architecture:

• Role architecture of electric road systems

  • Defines how service roles are structured for dynamic charging and roadside feeding
  • Supports a generic model that can be adapted by different jurisdictions

• Classification of electric road systems

  • Describes service state classification and types of ERS
  • Focuses on conductive, contact-type roadside feeding

• Infrastructure components

  • Renewable energy source
  • Energy storage infrastructure
  • Power feeding facilities
  • Digital infrastructure for electric power management

• Role and functional models

  • Application layer role model
  • Operational physical layer role model
  • Booking and payment layer role model

• Concept of operations

  • Defines the interaction between users, service providers, certification authorities, and regional road authorities
  • Highlights the importance of monitoring, auditing, and service quality

• Safety and security considerations

  • Addresses safety measures for roadside power supply
  • Recognizes the need for cyber security and credential management

Applications

ISO/PRF 4078-1 is relevant for organizations involved in the planning and delivery of electric road system services for sustainable mobility. Typical applications include:

• Intercity commercial transport

  • Supporting BEVs on long-haul routes with dynamic charging
  • Reducing dependence on large onboard battery capacity

• Roadside charging infrastructure planning

  • Helping authorities and operators define service responsibilities
  • Supporting roadside integration in highways and corridors

• Public and private service deployment

  • Providing a reference model for service providers, regulators, and certification bodies
  • Supporting booking, payment, monitoring, and operational coordination

• Future business models

  • Offering a baseline for future electric road service concepts
  • Enabling adaptation to new mobility services and regional requirements

Related Standards

ISO/PRF 4078-1 is the first part of the ISO 4078 series. Related parts include:

• ISO 4078-2 - Future part covering the service and operational concept
• ISO 4078-3 - Future part covering system components

It also references the broader ISO context for intelligent transport and sustainable mobility, including role model concepts used in related ITS service applications. The standard aligns with ISO’s work on sustainable cities and communities and sustainable mobility and transportation.

International
Standard
ISO 4078-1
First edition
Sustainable mobility and
transportation — Roadside feeding
electric road system —
Part 1:
Service role architecture
Mobilité et transport durables — Système routier électrique
d'alimentation en bordure de route —
Partie 1: Architecture des rôles de service
PROOF/ÉPREUVE
Reference number
ISO 4078-1:2026(en) © ISO 2026

ISO 4078-1:2026(en)
© ISO 2026
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
PROOF/ÉPREUVE
ii
ISO 4078-1:2026(en)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Abbreviated terms . 1
5 Classification of current electric road system . 2
5.1 General .2
5.2 Service state classification of electric road system .2
5.3 Various types of ERS .2
6 ERS infrastructure components . . 3
6.1 Renewable energy source .3
6.2 Electric network storage infrastructure .3
6.3 Electric road infrastructure for contact and roadside feeding type .3
6.4 Vehicle facility interacting with road infrastructure .3
6.5 Digital infrastructure supporting electric road system (ERS) for electric power
management .3
6.6 System components .4
6.6.1 General .4
6.6.2 Renewable energy power source .4
6.6.3 Energy storage .4
6.6.4 Power feeding facility .4
6.6.5 Vehicle side power receiving and feeding facilities .4
6.6.6 Digital infrastructure supporting ERS for electric power management .4
7 Role model . 5
7.1 Objective.5
7.2 National variations .5
7.3 Basic role model.5
7.4 Application layer role and functional model for ERS .6
7.4.1 General .6
7.4.2 Role and functional model options .7
8 Concept of operation . 7
8.1 General .7
8.2 Statement of the goals and objectives of the system .7
8.3 Strategies, tactics, policies and constraints affecting the system .8
8.4 Operational processes for the system .8
8.5 Role of service provider .8
8.6 User .8
9 Operational physical layer role model . 8
9.1 General .8
9.2 Actors .9
9.3 ERS service role and functional model .10
9.3.1 General .10
9.3.2 ERS service control centre .10
9.3.3 ERS service user with nomadic device .10
9.3.4 ERS facility provider .10
9.3.5 ERS service facility .10
9.3.6 ERS service recorder .10
9.3.7 ERS service facility owner .10
9.3.8 First responders (police/ fire fighters) .10
9.3.9 ERS service supporting infrastructure facilities (physical and digital) .10
PROOF/ÉPREUVE
iii
ISO 4078-1:2026(en)
9.3.10 Regulator .11
9.3.11 Regional road authority .11
9.3.12 Security credential management system (SCMS) .11
9.3.13 Traffic management centre .11
10 Booking and payment layer role and functional model .11
10.1 General .11
10.2 Actors . 12
10.3 ERS service role and functional model in booking and payment layer . 12
10.3.1 General . 12
10.3.2 Users with nomadic device . 12
10.3.3 ERS Service provider . 12
10.3.4 Strategic fee planning . 12
10.3.5 Banking . 12
10.3.6 Central account payment system . 13
10.3.7 Payment media owner . 13
10.4 Booking and payment layer data flow . 13
Annex A (informative) Roadside feeding system information . 14
Bibliography .15
PROOF/ÉPREUVE
iv
ISO 4078-1:2026(en)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 268, Sustainable cities and communities,
Subcommittee SC 2, Sustainable mobility and transportation.
A list of all parts in the ISO 4078 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
PROOF/ÉPREUVE
v
ISO 4078-1:2026(en)
Introduction
Achieving carbon neutrality for heavy-duty commercial vehicles, which are responsible for intercity
commercial transport, is essential. Possible solutions include electric vehicles and hydrogen vehicles. The
challenges exist in using battery electric vehicles for long haul intercity commercial transportation.
It is inefficient and uneconomical for an electric vehicle carrying a large battery to travel between cities
while being charged due to the time consumed for charging. Therefore, it is a wise measure to receive
electricity from the infrastructure while driving on the interurban corridor and charging the battery and
obtaining driving energy.
When running at the beginning and end of travelling, the vehicle can run as a pure electric vehicle and does
not emit carbon dioxide. It is known that various methods have already been developed around the world on
charging system while driving, sometimes this is called “dynamic charging.” This means that the electrical
power system is for dynamic charging on highways.
The international standardization of contact-type roadside electric roads is described in this document.
Another point to consider is the elimination of carbon dioxide emissions. Electric vehicles should be powered
by renewable energy as much as possible. In addition, it is necessary to install power storage equipment to
smooth out the loading due to various changes in the energy consumption.
Safety measures to avoid human body hazard from the power supply equipment are necessary on the
roadside. In addition, security measures against cyber-attacks are also necessary. It is necessary to
authenticate the rights of the power supply side and the power receiving side to avoid unauthorized energy
consumption by a third part which does not have access rights.
It is only when these measures are taken that a highly reliable electric road system can be constructed.
The ISO 4078 series specifies the roadside electric road system and related services supporting intercity
commercial electric vehicle transportation systems. This document defines a role and function model for
the introduction of roadside electric roads and related services to support intercity commercial electric
1) 2)
vehicle transportation systems. ISO 4078-2 defines the service and operational concept and ISO 4078-3
defines the system components.
Because of the variety of role and function model presentation methodologies currently available, there
is a need for a more commonly understood set of role and function model presentation guidance and
requirements. This document defines the presentation of a generic roadside-powered electric road service
role and function model.
New business cases in the future can refer to this document as a baseline document. In fact, it is intended
to assist future business development, but not to hinder it. This document can also contribute to the
development of the business case for other future road system services, other than electric road services.
1) Under preparation. Stage at the time of publication: ISO/PRF 4078-2:2026.
2) Under preparation. Stage at the time of publication: ISO/DIS 4078-3:2026.
PROOF/ÉPREUVE
vi
International Standard ISO 4078-1:2026(en)
Sustainable mobility and transportation — Roadside feeding
electric road system —
Part 1:
Service role architecture
1 Scope
This document specifies:
— the role architecture of electric road systems (ERS) with dynamic charging capability
In-vehicle control system is not within the scope of this document.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
No terms and definitions are listed in this document.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
4 Abbreviated terms
AC alternating current
AI artificial intelligence
BEV battery electric vehicle
CONOPS concept of operations
DC direct current
ERS electric road system
EV electric vehicle
ITS intelligent transport system
METR management for electronic traffic regulations
SCMS security credential management system
PROOF/ÉPREUVE
ISO 4078-1:2026(en)
5 Classification of current electric road system
5.1 General
Carbon neutral transportation can be achieved by deploying non-ICE (internal combustion engine) heavy
vehicles such as BEVs.
To realize sustainable long-haul transportation by such vehicles, there is a need for electric road systems,
which have dynamic charging capabilities even while vehicles are on the move.
Dynamic charging systems need to be designed as whole eco-systems from upstream to downstream.
Defining the appropriate service role model architecture for such dynamic charging eco-system services in
sustainable mobility and transportation is indispensable in the form of International Standards.
5.2 Service state classification of electric road system
A simple service state classification for the electric road system is described in Figure 1 as an example of
variations. There are various kinds of combinations of functions listed in Figure 1.
Figure 1 — Electric road system service state classifications
5.3 Various types of ERS
The various types of ERS are shown in Figure 2 below. This document aims to standardize conductive
(contact type) roadside feeding only and does not include other kinds to avoid obstructing the development
of other kinds.
PROOF/ÉPREUVE
ISO 4078-1:2026(en)
NOTE The term “roadside” used in this document refers to the area adjacent to a road or highway. It can include
the shoulder, the median and the land on either side of the road. The advantage of using roadside as power feeding
facilities is their simpler configuration compared to other methods.
Figure 2 — Various types of ERS
6 ERS infrastructure components
6.1 Renewable energy so
...

ISO/TC 268/SC 2
Secretariat: JISC
Sustainable mobility and transportation– — Roadside feeding
electric road system – —
Part 1 – :
Service role architecture
Mobilité et transport durables — Système routier électrique d'alimentation en bordure de route —
Partie 1: Architecture des rôles de service
PROOF
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication
may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,
or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO
at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: + 41 22 749 01 11
E-mail: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
Contents
Foreword . iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Abbreviated terms . 1
5 Classification of current electric road system . 1
5.1 General . 1
5.2 Service state classification of electric road system . 2
5.3 Various types of ERS . 3
6 ERS infrastructure components . 4
6.1 Renewable energy source . 4
6.2 Electric network storage infrastructure . 4
6.3 Electric road infrastructure for contact and roadside feeding type . 4
6.4 Vehicle facility interacting with road infrastructure . 5
6.5 Digital infrastructure supporting electric road system (ERS) for electric power
management . 5
6.6 System components . 5
7 Role model . 7
7.1 Objective . 7
7.2 National variations . 7
7.3 Basic role model . 8
7.4 Application layer role and functional model for ERS . 9
8 Concept of operation . 11
8.1 General . 11
8.2 Statement of the goals and objectives of the system . 11
8.3 Strategies, tactics, policies and constraints affecting the system . 11
8.4 Operational processes for the system . 11
8.5 Role of service provider . 12
8.6 User . 12
9 Operational physical layer role model . 12
9.1 General . 12
9.2 Actors . 13
9.3 ERS service role and functional model . 14
10 Booking and payment layer role and functional model . 16
10.1 General . 16
10.2 Actors . 17
10.3 ERS service role and functional model in booking and payment layer . 17
10.4 Booking and payment layer data flow . 18
Annex A (informative) Roadside feeding system information . 20
Bibliography . 22

iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types of
ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights
in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a) patent(s)
which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not
represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 268, Sustainable cities and communities,
Subcommittee SC 2, Sustainable mobility and transportation.
A list of all parts in the ISO 4078 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
Introduction
Achieving carbon neutrality for heavy-duty commercial vehicles, which are responsible for intercity
commercial transport, is essential. Possible solutions include electric vehicles and hydrogen vehicles. The
challenges exist in using battery electric vehicles for long haul intercity commercial transportation.
It is inefficient and uneconomical for a large battery carrying an electric vehicle carrying a large battery to
travel between cities while being charged due to lot of timesthe time consumed for charging. Therefore, it is a
wise measure to receive electricity from the infrastructure while driving on the interurban corridor and
charging the battery and obtaining driving energy.
When running at the beginning and endingend of travelling, the vehicle can run as a pure electric vehicle and
does not emit carbon dioxide. It is known that various methods have already been developed around the world
on charging system while driving, sometimes itthis is called “dynamic charging”.” This means that the
electrical power system is for dynamic charging on highways.
The international standardization of contact-type roadside electric roads is described in this document.
Another point to consider is to eliminatethe elimination of carbon dioxide emissions, electric. Electric vehicles
should be powered by renewable energy as much as possible. In addition, it is necessary to install power
storage equipment to smooth out the loading due to various changes in the energy consumption.
Safety measures to avoid human body hazard from the power supply equipment isare necessary on the
roadside. In addition, security measures that consider against cyber-attacks are also necessary. It will also beis
necessary to authenticate the rights of the power supply side and the power receiving side to avoid
unauthorized energy consumption by a third part which does not have access rightrights.
It is only when these measures are taken that a highly reliable electric road system can be constructed.
The ISO 4078 series specifies the roadside electric road system and related services supporting intercity
commercial electric vehicle transportation systems. This document defines a role and function model for the
introduction of roadside electric roads and related services to support intercity commercial electric vehicle
1) 2)
transportation systems. TheISO 4078-2 defines the service and operational concept and theISO 4078-3
defines the system components.
Because of the variety of role and function model presentation methodologies currently available, there is a
need for a more commonly understood set of role and function model presentation guidelines.guidance and
requirements. This document defines the presentation of a generic roadside-powered electric road service
role and function model.
New business cases in the future can refer to this document as a baseline document. In fact, it is intended to
assist future business development, but not to hinder themit. This document can hopefully also contribute to
the development of the business case for other future road system services, other than electric road services.

1)
Under preparation. Stage at the time of publication: ISO/PRF 4078-2:2026.

2)
Under preparation. Stage at the time of publication: ISO/DIS 4078-3:2026.

v
Sustainable mobility and transportation– — Roadside feeding electric
road system – —
Part 1:
Service role architecture
1 Scope
This document specifies:
— — the role architecture of electric road systemsystems (ERS) with dynamic charging capability
In-vehicle control system is not inwithin the scope of this document.
2 Normative references
There isare no normative referencereferences in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
No terms and definitions are listed in this document.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— — ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— — IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
4 Abbreviated terms
AC alternativealternating current
AI artificial intelligence
BEV battery electric vehicle
CONOPS concept of operations
DC direct current
ERS electric road system
EV electric vehicle
ITS intelligent transport system
METR management for electronic traffic regulations
SCMS security credential management system
5 Classification of current electric road system
5.1 General
Carbon neutral transportation can be achieved by deploying non-ICE (internal combustion engine) heavy
vehicles such as BEV (battery electric vehicle).BEVs.

To realize sustainable long-haul transportation by such vehicles needs, there is a need for electric road
systemsystems, which has ahave dynamic charging capabilitycapabilities even while vehicles are on the move.
Dynamic charging system needssystems need to be designed as whole eco-systemsystems from upstream to
downstream.
Defining the appropriate service role model architecture for such dynamic charging eco-system services in
sustainable mobility and transportation is indispensable as international standardsin the form of
International Standards.
5.15.2 Service state classification of electric road system
A simple service state classification offor the electric road system is described in Figure 1 as an example of
variations as shown in Table 1 below. There are various kinds of combinations of functions listed in
Figure 1figure 1 below.
Figure 1 — Electric road system service state classifications
5.25.3 Various types of ERS
The various types of ERS are shown in Figure 2figure 2 below. This document aims to standardize conductive
(contact type) roadside feeding only and does not include other kindkinds to avoid being the obstruction
toobstructing the development of other kinds.

Note:
NOTE The term "“roadside"” used herein this document refers to the area adjacent to a road or highway. It can
include the shoulder, the median, and the land on either side of the road. The advantage of using roadside as power
feeding facilities is their simpler configuration compared to other methods.
Figure 2 — Various types of ERS
6 Electric road systemERS infrastructure components
6.1 Renewable energy source
PowerThe power source for electric road systemthe ERS should be considered carefully. It is important that
ifIf it comes from a grid network, it should be from renewable sourcesources, and if it comes from a standalone
source, it should be from the same kind of resources. InstabilityThe instability of renewable energy should be
compensated by combining with the power storage facilities.
6.2 Electric network storage infrastructure
Taking intoConsidering the accounteffect of power demand surge effectsurges on the power grid network, it
is better to avoid charging demand peak occasion for chargingpeaks during charging while driving, and power
storage facilities are required tofor the electric road system.
6.3 Electric road infrastructure for contact and roadside feeding type
This document is forapplies to contact and roadside feeding type electric road system. The vehicle side facility
is out ofoutside the scope of this document.
TheThis document is to definedefines the infrastructure for contact and roadside feeding type only.
6.4 Vehicle facility interacting with road infrastructure
The vehicle facility interfacing with road infrastructure is out ofoutside the scope of this document but
interactions with road infrastructure isare defined in thisthe ISO 4078 series of documents.
6.5 Digital infrastructure supporting electric road system (ERS) for electric power
managementsmanagement
The electric road systemERS should be supported by digital infrastructure as defined in Clause 9the Clause 9.
See Figure 3figure3, key 5, for the position of these components within electric road system as marked 5 in
figure 3the ERS.
6.6 System components
6.6.1 Figure 3General
Figure 3 below shows the system components of electric road system.the ERS. Related information is shown
in Annex AAnnex A.
6.6.16.6.2 Renewable energy power source
The renewable energy power source component is marked 1, shown in key 1 of Figure 3figure 3 and, is the
power source for electric road systemthe ERS, and it should become from renewable power sourcesources,
such as solar power, wind turbines and, or a combination of both combined.
6.6.26.6.3 Energy storage
To cope with power demand surge and the instability of renewable power generation, installing the energy
storage facility is a must should be installed for efficient electric road operation. It is recommended that theThe
energy storage facility should be installed near to the electrical road system.
The energy storage component is markedshown as key 2 in Figure 3figure 3.
6.6.36.6.4 Power feeding facility
The power feeding facility component is markedshown as key 3 in Figure 3figure 3.
The power feeding system, installed along side ofalongside the roadway, is a key component of this roadside
feeding electric road system. InterfaceERS. The interface to the EV (electric vehicle) is outside the scope of this
document.
The safety measures to avoid human hazard from electric road systemthe ERS should be built in. Details are
given in part2 and3ISO 4078-2 and ISO 4078-3.
— AC (number of phases) or DC.
— Voltage range: 200- to 350 V, 500- to 750 V, 700- to 1 000 V, 900- to 1 500 V, etc.
How to deal with abnormalities such as short circuits and ground faults (power shutdown methods) is defined
at deployment.
6.6.46.6.5 Vehicle side power receiving/ and feeding facilities
The component is marked 4 in Figure 3.
The vehicle side power receiving/ and feeding facilities component is shown as key 4 in Figure 3.
The vehicle side power receiving and feeding facility is out of the scope of this document.
6.6.6 Digital infrastructure supporting ERS for electric road systempower management
6.6.5 The digital infrastructure supporting the ERS for electric power managements
Themanagement component is markedshown as key 5 in Figure 3figure 3.
The digital infrastructure shall be designed for supporting electric road systemto support the ERS for electric
power managementsmanagement.
Key
1 renewable energy power source
2 energy storage
3 power feeding facility
4 vehicle side power receiving/feeding facility
5 digital infrastructure supporting electric road systemERS for electric power management
6 scope of this document
Note:
Figure 3 — Electric Road systemERS components
7 Role model
7.1 Objective
This clause describes a generic role and functional model for the provision of ITS service application for
electric road systemthe ERS service. It provides the general concept of role and functional model operations.
FollowingThis clause providealso provides a role and functional model definition and elaboration of the model
at a conceptual level.
7.2 National variations
The definition of what comprises an ITS service application is as an issue for Nationalnational decision and
varies from country to country. The deployment of interoperable on-board (or nomadic device, such as smart
phone) platforms for ITS service application with common features is expected to vary from country to
country, as will the provision of services. It is possible that some countries will mandate the use of such a
platform, others will offer it as an option to meet the requirements of the ITS service application with
minimum administration and paperwork (providing a good business case for operators to fit and use the
equipment). Some countries implement a single, government-operated, controlled, or contracted service
provider, which is the single communication manager between the user and the service. Other countries
provide a market-based solution with multiple service providers competing for the business of vehicle
operators.
7.3 Basic role model
The role model described in ISO/TR 4445 is used as a baseline. Figure 4The figure 4 below shows the basic
role model for ITS service application for smart citycities.

Figure 4 — Role model defined in ISO/TR 4445
7.4 Application layer role and functional model for electric road systemERS
7.4.1 General
The role model defined in ISO/TR 4445 should be modified for electric road systemERS service as shown in
Figure 5figure 5 below.
Figure 5 — Application layer role and functional model
7.4.2 Role and functional model options
For the requirement of role and functional model, it needs to be possible for an electric road systemERS service
application user to use the services of different service providers in different geographical areas, or for the
provision of different services within the same geographical area. In these circumstances, where a market of
competing service providers exists, the most likely outcome is that the user selects a single service provider
who supplies and maintains the electric road systemERS service application on the user’s nomadic device
(such as a smartphone) and deliv
...