ISO 22343-1:2023
(Main)Security and resilience — Vehicle security barriers — Part 1: Performance requirement, vehicle impact test method and performance rating
Security and resilience — Vehicle security barriers — Part 1: Performance requirement, vehicle impact test method and performance rating
This document specifies impact performance requirements for a vehicle security barrier (VSB) and a test method for rating its performance when subjected to a single impact by a test vehicle not driven by a human being. It is applicable to test methods for vehicle penetration distances not exceeding 25 m. This document is applicable to all manufacturers and procurers of VSBs, where they are used to protect people in any public or private location from the impact of vehicle attacks. This document does not apply to the performance of a VSB or its control apparatus when subjected to: — slow speed encroachment; — slow speed nudging and ramming; — blast explosion; — ballistic impact; — manual attack, with the aid of the vehicle (multiple impacts at slow speed); — manual attack, with the aid of tools (excluding vehicles); — electrical manipulation; — attack on the control systems by any means. NOTE 1 For manual attack, a variety of test methods exist. For assessing intruder resistance of building components, see LPS 1175. NOTE 2 The VSB is designed and tested on the basis of: a) vehicle type, mass and speed of the assessed vehicle-borne threat; b) its geographical application (e.g. climate conditions); c) intended site location (e.g. rigid or non-rigid soil/finished surface). It does not apply to guidance on design, the operational suitability of a VSB or other impact test methods. NOTE 3 Guidance on the selection and specification of a VSB by type and operational suitability is given in ISO 22343-2.
Sécurité et résilience — Barrières de sécurité pour véhicules — Partie 1: Exigence de performance, méthode d'essai d'impact de véhicule et évaluation des performances
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© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
ISO/FDIS 22343-1:2023(E)
Date: 2023-03-1405-04
ISO/TC 292/WG 6
Secretariat: SIS
Security and resilience — Vehicle security barriers — Part 1:
Performance requirement, vehicle impact test method and
performance rating
Sécurité et résilience — Barrières de sécurité de véhicule — Partie 1: Exigence de performance,
méthode d’essai d’impact du véhicule et taux de performance
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© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of
this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or
mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written
permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO's member body in the
country of the requester.
ISO Copyright Office
CP 401 • CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: + 41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland.
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved 2
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ISO/FDIS 22343-1:2023(E)
Contents
Foreword . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 2
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 VSB performance requirement . 14
5 VSB documentation . 14
5.1 General . 14
5.2 Conformity between VSB and documentation . 16
6 Test method . 16
6.1 Apparatus . 16
6.2 Test site . 18
6.3 Target impact point, initial contact point and impact angle . 19
6.3.1 Target impact point . 19
6.3.2 Initial contact point . 19
6.3.3 Impact angle . 19
6.4 VSB preparation . 20
6.4.1 General . 20
6.4.2 Installation . 20
6.4.3 Foundation . 20
6.4.4 Soil . 21
6.4.5 Markers . 21
6.5 Test vehicle preparation . 21
6.5.1 General . 21
6.5.2 Test vehicle dimensions . 22
6.5.3 Vehicle condition . 22
6.5.4 Ballast . 22
6.5.5 Reference points . 22
6.5.6 Occupant injury . 22
6.6 Impact speed . 23
6.7 Test procedure . 23
6.7.1 Pre-impact data . 23
6.7.2 Impact . 26
6.7.3 Impact data . 26
6.7.4 Post-impact data . 27
6.7.5 Disposal of the test vehicle . 28
6.8 Test report . 28
6.8.1 General . 28
6.8.2 Summary of results . 30
7 Performance rating . 32
7.1 General . 32
7.2 Classification code . 32
8 Product information . 33
Annex A (normative) Test vehicle specification measurements . 34
Annex B (informative) Example of product and foundation drawings to be submitted to the
test house . 44
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ISO/FDIS 22343-1:2023(E)
Annex C (informative) Determination of post-impact access .47
Annex D (informative) Post-impact measurements of foundation and VSB .49
Bibliography .52
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ISO/FDIS 22343-1:2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO
collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documentsdocument should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance
with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawnISO draws attention to the possibility that some of the elementsimplementation of this
document may beinvolve the subjectuse of (a) patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence,
validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of
this document, ISO had not received notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this
document. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information,
which may be obtained from the patent database available at www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held
responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the
development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations
received (see ).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World
Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 292, Security and resilience.
This first edition cancels and replaces IWA 14-1:2013, which has been technically revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— this document has been brought into line with modern technology and practices;
— all figures have been reviewed and surface-placed barriers have been explicitly identified;
— additional reporting of furthest part of vehicle beyond VSBvehicle security barrier datum;
— there has been a general review of all text and structure to provide clarification to test houses and
other interested parties.
A list of all parts in the ISO 22343 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
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FINAL DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/FDIS 22343-1:2023 (E)
Security and resilience — Vehicle security barriers — Part 1:
Performance requirement, vehicle impact test method and
performance rating
1 Scope
This document specifies impact performance requirements for a vehicle security barrier (VSB) and a test
method for rating its performance when subjected to a single impact by a test vehicle not driven by a
human being. It is applicable to test methods for vehicle penetration distances not exceeding 25 m.
This document is applicable to all manufacturers and procurers of VSBs, where they are used to protect
people in any public or private location from the impact of vehicle attacks.
This document does not apply to the performance of a VSB or its control apparatus when subjected to:
— slow speed encroachment;
— slow speed nudging and ramming;
— blast explosion;
— ballistic impact;
— manual attack, with the aid of the vehicle (multiple impacts at slow speed);
— manual attack, with the aid of tools (excluding vehicles);
— electrical manipulation;
— attack on the control systems by any means.
NOTE 1 For manual attack, a variety of test methods exist. For assessing intruder resistance of building
[6]
components, see LPS 1175 .
NOTE 2 The VSB is designed and tested on the basis of:
a) vehicle type, mass and speed of the assessed vehicle-borne threat;
b) its geographical application (e.g. climate conditions);
c) intended site location (e.g. rigid or non-rigid soil / /finished surface).
It does not apply to guidance on design, the operational suitability of a VSB or other impact test methods.
NOTE 3 Guidance on the selection and specification of a VSB by type and operational suitability is given in
ISO 22343-2.
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ISO/FDIS 22343-1:2023(E)
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 22300, Security and resilience — Vocabulary
ASTM C31/C31M, Standard practice for making and curing concrete test specimens in the field
ASTM C39/C39M–18, Standard test method for compressive strength of cylindrical concrete specimens
EN 12390-2, Testing hardened concrete — Part 2: Making and curing specimens for strength tests
EN 12390-3, Testing hardened concrete — Part 3: Compressive strength of test specimens
SAE J211/2, Instrumentation for Impact Test — Part 2: Photographic Instrumentation
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 22300 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1
vehicle security barrier
VSB
passive, active, portable or linear barrier used to prevent potentially hostile vehicular access to a site
Note 1 to entry: Types of VSB and their application are discussed in ISO 22343-2.
3.2
vehicle security barrier foundation
VSB foundation
foundation and surrounding test location ground into which the VSB (3.1) is installed
Note 1 to entry: Typical foundations that can be presented for test are illustrated in Figure 1.
a) VSB rebated b) VSB integral/proprietary
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ISO/FDIS 22343-1:2023(E)
d) VSB anchored/pinned/bolted to test site
c) VSB on test site ground (surface placed)
ground
Key
A VSB G natural ground
B existing finishing level H foundation thickness
C paviors I depth of foundation excavation
D pavior bedding J base construction
E foundation K formation level
F blinding concrete L connections
Figure 1 — Examples of VSB installations — Section view
3.2.1
integral vehicle security barrier foundation
integral VSB foundation
VSB foundation (3.2) that is a structural component of the VSB (3.1)
3.2.2
proprietary vehicle security barrier foundation
proprietary VSB foundation
VSB foundation (3.2) designed and sized solely for use with a specific VSB (3.1)
Note 1 to entry: A surface pinned VSB can need a concrete plinth into which fixings can be installed, this plinth
should be recorded as part of the VSB foundation.
3.2.3
test site ground
surrounding land, in which the vehicle security barrier (VSB) foundation is situated or placed on which
the VSB is installed for testing
3.3
test vehicle
commercially available vehicle and load bed
Note 1 to entry: The vehicle having an unmodified chassis and unmodified frontal structure, used in an impact test
to evaluate the performance of a VSB (see Table 2).
Note 2 to entry: Modifications that are permissible include the addition of a load bed (in accordance with the vehicle
manufacturer’s instructions) and methods to restrain movement of ballast.
Note 3 to entry: See Table 2 for test vehicle type and test mass
3.3.2
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ISO/FDIS 22343-1:2023(E)
ballast
mass added to the test vehicle to bring the test vehicle mass within tolerance
Note 1 to entry: Table 1 specifies the permissible quantities of secured and unsecured ballast.
3.3.3
crew cab
four-door compartment of an N1G vehicle for driver and passengers
3.3.4
day cab
driver compartment of an N1 vehicle that does not include overnight facilities
3.3.5
unladen mass
mass of test vehicle, excluding ballast (3.3.2) but with manufacturer’s equipment, quantities of engine oil
and coolant, and minimum amount of fuel
Note 1 to entry: A minimum amount of fuel is required to ensure engine operation during the test which in turn
facilitates power steering and braking systems.
3.4
datum
fixed point or line to where all measurements pre- and post-impact are taken
3.4.1
vehicle datum point
fixed point on a vehicle to where all measurements pre and post impact are taken
Note 1 to entry: For a car (M1) or 4x4 crew cab pick-up (N1G) vehicle [see Figure 2 a) and Figure 2 b)], a reference
line passing through the centre of the A-pillars, at the lowest point of the windscreen. For a N1, N2 or N3 vehicles
[see Figure 2 c) and Figure 2 d)], a reference line intersecting the lower load bed leading edge and the vehicle chassis
rail.
a) Car (M1) b) 4x4 crew cab pick-up (N1G)
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ISO/FDIS 22343-1:2023(E)
d) Large Goods Vehiclegoods vehicle (LGV)
c) Day cab vehicle (N1)
N2A, N3C, N3D, N3F and N3G
e) Large Goods Vehiclegoods vehicle (LGV) N2B and N3E
Key
1 vehicle datum point
Figure 2 — Vehicle datum point — Side view
3.4.2
vehicle security barrier datum line
VSB datum line
horizontal line marked on the ground pre-impact, vertically aligned with the foremost point of the vehicle
security barrier (VSB) (3.1) structure designed to withstand the impact
Note 1 to entry: The VSB front face can be flat and perpendicular to the ground. In this case, the whole VSB front
face is in line with the VSB datum line. In the case of a blocker, it is the furthest protrusion of the VSB structure
designed to withstand the impact [see Figure 3 c)].
Note 2 to entry: The front face of the VSB is not the same as the front face of the VSB foundation or any supporting
structure. In the case of a ditch, it is the point where the front face of the ditch meets the ground level.
Note 3 to entry: The VSB datum line is illustrated in Figure 3.
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ISO/FDIS 22343-1:2023(E)
a) Bollard b) Surface-placed bollard
c) Planter, wall, balustrade d) Surface-placed barrier
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ISO/FDIS 22343-1:2023(E)
e) Blocker f) Gate barrier, rising/swing arm barrier
g) Surface-placed barrier h) Surface-placed barrier
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ISO/FDIS 22343-1:2023(E)
i) Bund/berm j) ditch
Key
1 direction of impact 3 VSB datum line
2 VSB 4 ground level
NOTE 1 ISO 22343-2 provides information on the different types of VSB available.
NOTE 2 For c), refer to Note 1 in 3.4.2.
Figure 3 — Examples of VSB datum line — Isometric and side view
3.5
impact
sequence of events between a moving vehicle engaging with a vehicle security barrier (VSB) (3.1)
3.5.1
impact speed
velocity of the freely moving test vehicle before reaching the initial contact point
3.5.2
impact angle
angle >0° and ≤ 90° in the horizontal plane between the VSBvehicle security barrier (VSB) datum line
(3.4.2) and the vehicle approach path into the VSB (3.1)
Note 1 to entry: The impact angle is illustrated for clarity in Figure 4.
a) Impact angle = 90°
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ISO/FDIS 22343-1:2023(E)
b) Impact angle = 45°
Key
1 centre line of the test vehicle 6 VSB datum line (impact face)
2 test vehicle, pre-impact 7 VSB
3 vehicle approach path 8 initial contact point
4 test vehicle at impact 9 target impact point
5 VSB foundation/test surface
A)a
For an impact test with a 90° impact angle, the target impact point and initial contact point are the same.
Figure 4 — Impact angle, target impact point and initial contact point — Aerial view
3.5.3
target impact point
intersection between the longitudinal centre line of the test vehicle and the lateral position on the vehicle
security barrier (VSB) (3.1) impact face
Note 1 to entry: The target impact point is illustrated for clarity in Figure 4 and is used to determine test vehicle to
VSB alignment for impact angles > 45°. For an impact test with a 90° impact angle, the target impact point and the
initial contact point are the same.
3.5.4
initial contact point
location of the interface between the test vehicle and vehicle security barrier (VSB) (3.1) impact face at
moment of impact
Note 1 to entry: The initial contact point is illustrated for clarity in Figure 4 and is used to determine test vehicle to
VSB alignment for impact angles ≤ 45°.
3.6
data
record of information gathered pre-impact, during impact and post-impact between the test vehicle and
vehicle security barrier (3.1)
3.6.1
vehicle penetration distance
maximum perpendicular distance between the vehicle security barrier (VSB) datum line (3.4.2) and either:
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ISO/FDIS 22343-1:2023(E)
a) where there is < 90° yaw and/or pitch of the test vehicle (3.3), the vehicle datum point (3.4.1); or
b) where there is ≥ 90° yaw and/or pitch of the test vehicle (3.3),, the furthest part of the load bed (for
N1, N and N3 vehicles) or furthest part of the vehicle (M1 and N1G vehicles), achieved either
2
dynamically (during impact) or statically (post-impact), whichever is the greater
Note 1 to entry: Vehicle penetration distance is illustrated in Figure 5 a) and Figure 6 with < 90° yaw and/or pitch
of the test vehicle.
Note 2 to entry: Vehicle penetration distance is illustrated in Figure 5 b) (aerial view) with ≥ 90° yaw and/or pitch
of the test vehicle.
a) Impact at 90° to the VSB datum line, with < 90° yaw and/or pitch of the test vehicle
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ISO/FDIS 22343-1:2023(E)
b) Impact at 90° to the VSB datum line, into a VSB with an angled impact face, with ≥ 90° yaw
and/or pitch of the test vehicle (i.e. test vehicle facing towards the VSB post-impact)
Key
1 direction of impact 6 test vehicle, post impact
2 VSB foundation/test surface 7 vehicle datum point
3 VSB 8 vehicle penetration distance
4 VSB datum line 9 VSB datum line to furthest part of vehicle (observation)
5 distance marks at ground level
NOTE See Note 2 to 6.2. for distance marks for vehicle penetration.
Figure 5 — Vehicle penetration distance — Aerial views
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ISO/FDIS 22343-1:2023(E)
a) Pre-impact b) Post-impact
Key
1 VSB (e.g. bollard) 4 vehicle penetration distance
2 VSB datum line 5 major debris
3 vehicle datum point 6 major debris distance
7 VSB datum to furthest part of vehicle
Figure 6 — Vehicle penetration distance and major debris distance — Side views
3.6.2
major debris
piece of vehicle security barrier (VSB) (3.1), vehicle or ballast (3.3.2) with a mass of ≥2 kg that becomes
totally detached during the vehicle-VSB (3.1) impact (3.5)
3.6.3
major debris distance
dimension measured from and perpendicular to the VSBvehicle security barrier datum line (3.4.2), to the
furthest edge of the outermost piece of major debris (3.6.2)
Note 1 to entry: Major debris distance is illustrated for clarity in Figure 6.
3.6.4
major debris co-ordinatescoordinates
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ISO/FDIS 22343-1:2023(E)
position of major debris (3.6.2) measured in the x- and y-axes from either the target impact point (3.5.3)
where the impact angle (3.5.2) is > 45°, or from the initial contact point where the impact angle (3.5.2) is
≤ 45°
Note 1 to entry: Major debris coordinates are illustrated for clarity in Figure 7.
Key
A aerial view 2 VSB foundation
B side view – y is going into page (symbol +) 3 VSB
C end view – x is coming out of page (symbol •) 4 VSB datum line
1 direction of impact (three examples) 5, 6 major debris and its coordinates
Figure 7 — Major debris coordinates system — Aerial, side and end views
3.7
client
person(s) or organization commissioning the test house (3.8) to undertake an impact (3.5) test
Note 1 to entry: The client can be, for example, the manufacturer, government agency, distributor, designer,
prospective purchaser or installer of the vehicle security barrier to be tested.
3.8
test house
person(s) or organization carrying out the vehicle impact (3.5) test
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ISO/FDIS 22343-1:2023(E)
4 VSB performance requirement
When tested in accordance with the test method in Clause 6, the VSB shall affect the test vehicle by:
a) preventing it from advancing beyond the VSB datum line; or
b) redirecting the vehicle such that it remains on the non-protected side of the VSB; or
c) bringing it to a halt beyond the VSB datum line (vehicle penetration).
In the event of c), the impact of the test vehicle with the VSB shall render the vehicle immobile by:
— causing damage to the vehicle such that it is not able to progress under its own power;
— becoming entangled with the vehicle such that it is not able to progress under its own power; or
— catching, trapping, or lifting the vehicle such that it is not able to progress under its own power.
NOTE 1 Test data supporting the above are to be recorded within the report.
NOTE 2 Where vehicle penetration beyond the VSB datum line is greater than 25 m, a performance rating is not
awarded (see Clause 7).
5 VSB documentation
5.1 General
The following information and documentation shall be submitted to the test house before the vehicle
impact test:
NOTE 1 This information sets the technical basis for the test activity.
a) VSB manufacturer details;
b) client details (where different to the VSB manufacturer);
c) whether the VSB is a prototype or is in production;
d) VSB product name (type and model);
e) the test parameters against which the VSB is to be tested, including:
1) test vehicle (see 6.1.1);
2) target impact point and impact angle (see 6.3);
3) target impact speed (see 6.6);
f) whether the following optional assessments are to be included in the test:
1) pedestrian intruder access;
2) occupant injury;
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ISO/FDIS 22343-1:2023(E)
g) which face of the VSB is the front face (i.e. the face designed to resist impact) and how this is marked
on the VSB;
h) general arrangement and detailed drawings, installation drawings and installation instructions
(drawings should state that they are to be used for the installation of the VSB being tested and should
be labelled with the VSB product name (type and model) [see 5.1 d)] and version number that is
being tested);
i) drawings shall be provided such that the test house can undertake the checks for product conformity
(see 5.2);
NOTE 2 An example of technical drawing components for VSBs is given in Annex B.
j) parts list (if available);
k) certificates confirming material specifications;
l) foundation specification:
1) foundation type: none, proprietary, integral;
2) reinforcement detail and bar bending schedule;
3) concrete specification and strength;
4) soil grade, compaction, moisture content and bearing capacity (where soil is part of the
foundation or installation) (see 6.4.4);
5) finished surface (e.g. tarmac, concrete, granite pavement, etc.));
m) operating manual/instructions;
n) for bollards, the bollard array and its foundation (e.g. single or multiple arrangement);
NOTE 3 This includes, for example, use of a foundation with a capacity of three bollards but to be tested with
only one bollard installed.
o) for linear VSBs, the length of the VSB to be tested;
NOTE 4 The l
...
FINAL
INTERNATIONAL ISO/FDIS
DRAFT
STANDARD 22343-1
ISO/TC 292
Security and resilience — Vehicle
Secretariat: SIS
security barriers —
Voting begins on:
2023-05-19
Part 1:
Voting terminates on:
Performance requirement, vehicle
2023-07-14
impact test method and performance
rating
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BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
ISO/FDIS 22343-1:2023(E)
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES,
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON
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LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STAN-
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NATIONAL REGULATIONS. © ISO 2023
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ISO/FDIS 22343-1:2023(E)
FINAL
INTERNATIONAL ISO/FDIS
DRAFT
STANDARD 22343-1
ISO/TC 292
Security and resilience — Vehicle
Secretariat: SIS
security barriers —
Voting begins on:
Part 1:
Voting terminates on:
Performance requirement, vehicle
impact test method and performance
rating
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© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
NATIONAL REGULATIONS. © ISO 2023
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ISO/FDIS 22343-1:2023(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 VSB performance requirement .13
5 VSB documentation .14
5.1 General . 14
5.2 Conformity between VSB and documentation . 15
6 Test method .15
6.1 Apparatus . 15
6.2 Test site . 23
6.3 Target impact point, initial contact point and impact angle .23
6.3.1 Target impact point .23
6.3.2 Initial contact point. 24
6.3.3 Impact angle . 24
6.4 VSB preparation . 24
6.4.1 General . 24
6.4.2 Installation . 24
6.4.3 Foundation . 25
6.4.4 Soil . 26
6.4.5 Markers . 26
6.5 Test vehicle preparation . .26
6.5.1 General . 26
6.5.2 Test vehicle dimensions .26
6.5.3 Vehicle condition .26
6.5.4 Ballast . 27
6.5.5 Reference points . 27
6.5.6 Occupant injury . 27
6.6 Impact speed . 27
6.7 Test procedure .28
6.7.1 Pre-impact data .28
6.7.2 Impact . 31
6.7.3 Impact data . 31
6.7.4 Post-impact data . 31
6.7.5 Disposal of the test vehicle . 33
6.8 Test report . 33
6.8.1 General . 33
6.8.2 Summary of results . 35
7 Performance rating .36
7.1 General .36
7.2 Classification code . 36
8 Product information .37
Annex A (normative) Test vehicle specification measurements .38
Annex B (informative) Example of product and foundation drawings to be submitted to
the test house.50
Annex C (informative) Determination of post-impact access .54
Annex D (informative) Post-impact measurements of foundation and VSB .56
Bibliography .60
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ISO/FDIS 22343-1:2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use
of (a) patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed
patent rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received
notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are
cautioned that this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent
database available at www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all
such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 292, Security and resilience.
This first edition cancels and replaces IWA 14-1:2013, which has been technically revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— this document has been brought into line with modern technology and practices;
— all figures have been reviewed and surface-placed barriers have been explicitly identified;
— additional reporting of furthest part of vehicle beyond vehicle security barrier datum;
— there has been a general review of all text and structure to provide clarification to test houses and
other interested parties.
A list of all parts in the ISO 22343 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
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FINAL DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/FDIS 22343-1:2023(E)
Security and resilience — Vehicle security barriers —
Part 1:
Performance requirement, vehicle impact test method and
performance rating
1 Scope
This document specifies impact performance requirements for a vehicle security barrier (VSB) and a
test method for rating its performance when subjected to a single impact by a test vehicle not driven
by a human being. It is applicable to test methods for vehicle penetration distances not exceeding 25 m.
This document is applicable to all manufacturers and procurers of VSBs, where they are used to protect
people in any public or private location from the impact of vehicle attacks.
This document does not apply to the performance of a VSB or its control apparatus when subjected to:
— slow speed encroachment;
— slow speed nudging and ramming;
— blast explosion;
— ballistic impact;
— manual attack, with the aid of the vehicle (multiple impacts at slow speed);
— manual attack, with the aid of tools (excluding vehicles);
— electrical manipulation;
— attack on the control systems by any means.
NOTE 1 For manual attack, a variety of test methods exist. For assessing intruder resistance of building
[6]
components, see LPS 1175 .
NOTE 2 The VSB is designed and tested on the basis of:
a) vehicle type, mass and speed of the assessed vehicle-borne threat;
b) its geographical application (e.g. climate conditions);
c) intended site location (e.g. rigid or non-rigid soil/finished surface).
It does not apply to guidance on design, the operational suitability of a VSB or other impact test methods.
NOTE 3 Guidance on the selection and specification of a VSB by type and operational suitability is given in
ISO 22343-2.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 22300, Security and resilience — Vocabulary
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ISO/FDIS 22343-1:2023(E)
ASTM C31/C31M, Standard practice for making and curing concrete test specimens in the field
ASTM C39/C39M–18, Standard test method for compressive strength of cylindrical concrete specimens
EN 12390-2, Testing hardened concrete — Part 2: Making and curing specimens for strength tests
EN 12390-3, Testing hardened concrete — Part 3: Compressive strength of test specimens
SAE J211/2, Instrumentation for Impact Test — Part 2: Photographic Instrumentation
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 22300 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
vehicle security barrier
VSB
passive, active, portable or linear barrier used to prevent potentially hostile vehicular access to a site
Note 1 to entry: Types of VSB and their application are discussed in ISO 22343-2.
3.2
vehicle security barrier foundation
VSB foundation
foundation and surrounding test location ground into which the VSB (3.1) is installed
Note 1 to entry: Typical foundations that can be presented for test are illustrated in Figure 1.
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ISO/FDIS 22343-1:2023(E)
a) VSB rebated b) VSB integral/proprietary
d) VSB anchored/pinned/bolted to test site
c) VSB on test site ground (surface placed)
ground
Key
A VSB G natural ground
B existing finishing level H foundation thickness
C paviors I depth of foundation excavation
D pavior bedding J base construction
E foundation K formation level
F blinding concrete L connections
Figure 1 — Examples of VSB installations — Section view
3.2.1
integral vehicle security barrier foundation
integral VSB foundation
VSB foundation (3.2) that is a structural component of the VSB (3.1)
3.2.2
proprietary vehicle security barrier foundation
proprietary VSB foundation
VSB foundation (3.2) designed and sized solely for use with a specific VSB (3.1)
Note 1 to entry: A surface pinned VSB can need a concrete plinth into which fixings can be installed, this plinth
should be recorded as part of the VSB foundation.
3.2.3
test site ground
surrounding land, in which the vehicle security barrier (VSB) foundation is situated or placed on which
the VSB is installed for testing
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ISO/FDIS 22343-1:2023(E)
3.3
test vehicle
commercially available vehicle and load bed
Note 1 to entry: The vehicle having an unmodified chassis and unmodified frontal structure, used in an impact
test to evaluate the performance of a VSB (see Table 2).
Note 2 to entry: Modifications that are permissible include the addition of a load bed (in accordance with the
vehicle manufacturer’s instructions) and methods to restrain movement of ballast.
Note 3 to entry: See Table 2 for test vehicle type and test mass
3.3.2
ballast
mass added to the test vehicle to bring the test vehicle mass within tolerance
Note 1 to entry: Table 1 specifies the permissible quantities of secured and unsecured ballast.
3.3.3
crew cab
four-door compartment of an N1G vehicle for driver and passengers
3.3.4
day cab
driver compartment of an N1 vehicle that does not include overnight facilities
3.3.5
unladen mass
mass of test vehicle, excluding ballast (3.3.2) but with manufacturer’s equipment, quantities of engine
oil and coolant, and minimum amount of fuel
Note 1 to entry: A minimum amount of fuel is required to ensure engine operation during the test which in turn
facilitates power steering and braking systems.
3.4
datum
fixed point or line to where all measurements pre- and post-impact are taken
3.4.1
vehicle datum point
fixed point on a vehicle to where all measurements pre and post impact are taken
Note 1 to entry: For a car (M1) or 4x4 crew cab pick-up (N1G) vehicle [see Figure 2 a) and Figure 2 b)], a reference
line passing through the centre of the A-pillars, at the lowest point of the windscreen. For N1, N2 or N3 vehicles
[see Figure 2 c) and Figure 2 d)], a reference line intersecting the lower load bed leading edge and the vehicle
chassis rail.
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ISO/FDIS 22343-1:2023(E)
a) Car (M1) b) 4x4 crew cab pick-up (N1G)
d) Large goods vehicle (LGV) N2A, N3C, N3D,
c) Day cab vehicle (N1)
N3F and N3G
e) Large goods vehicle (LGV) N2B and N3E
Key
1 vehicle datum point
Figure 2 — Vehicle datum point — Side view
3.4.2
vehicle security barrier datum line
VSB datum line
horizontal line marked on the ground pre-impact, vertically aligned with the foremost point of the
vehicle security barrier (VSB) (3.1) structure designed to withstand the impact
Note 1 to entry: The VSB front face can be flat and perpendicular to the ground. In this case, the whole VSB front
face is in line with the VSB datum line. In the case of a blocker, it is the furthest protrusion of the VSB structure
designed to withstand the impact [see Figure 3 c)].
Note 2 to entry: The front face of the VSB is not the same as the front face of the VSB foundation or any supporting
structure. In the case of a ditch, it is the point where the front face of the ditch meets the ground level.
Note 3 to entry: The VSB datum line is illustrated in Figure 3.
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ISO/FDIS 22343-1:2023(E)
a) Bollard b) Surface-placed bollard
c) Planter, wall, balustrade d) Surface-placed barrier
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ISO/FDIS 22343-1:2023(E)
e) Blocker f) Gate barrier, rising/swing arm barrier
g) Surface-placed barrier h) Surface-placed barrier
i) Bund/berm j) ditch
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ISO/FDIS 22343-1:2023(E)
Key
1 direction of impact 3 VSB datum line
2 VSB 4 ground level
NOTE 1 ISO 22343-2 provides information on the different types of VSB available.
NOTE 2 For c), refer to Note 1 in 3.4.2.
Figure 3 — Examples of VSB datum line — Isometric and side view
3.5
impact
sequence of events between a moving vehicle engaging with a vehicle security barrier (VSB) (3.1)
3.5.1
impact speed
velocity of the freely moving test vehicle before reaching the initial contact point
3.5.2
impact angle
angle >0° and ≤ 90° in the horizontal plane between the vehicle security barrier (VSB) datum line (3.4.2)
and the vehicle approach path into the VSB (3.1)
Note 1 to entry: The impact angle is illustrated for clarity in Figure 4.
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ISO/FDIS 22343-1:2023(E)
a) Impact angle = 90°
b) Impact angle = 45°
Key
1 centre line of the test vehicle 6 VSB datum line (impact face)
2 test vehicle, pre-impact 7 VSB
3 vehicle approach path 8 initial contact point
4 test vehicle at impact 9 target impact point
5 VSB foundation/test surface
a
For an impact test with a 90° impact angle, the target impact point and initial contact point are the same.
Figure 4 — Impact angle, target impact point and initial contact point — Aerial view
3.5.3
target impact point
intersection between the longitudinal centre line of the test vehicle and the lateral position on the
vehicle security barrier (VSB) (3.1) impact face
Note 1 to entry: The target impact point is illustrated for clarity in Figure 4 and is used to determine test vehicle
to VSB alignment for impact angles > 45°. For an impact test with a 90° impact angle, the target impact point and
the initial contact point are the same.
3.5.4
initial contact point
location of the interface between the test vehicle and vehicle security barrier (VSB) (3.1) impact face at
moment of impact
Note 1 to entry: The initial contact point is illustrated for clarity in Figure 4 and is used to determine test vehicle
to VSB alignment for impact angles ≤ 45°.
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ISO/FDIS 22343-1:2023(E)
3.6
data
record of information gathered pre-impact, during impact and post-impact between the test vehicle
and vehicle security barrier (3.1)
3.6.1
vehicle penetration distance
maximum perpendicular distance between the vehicle security barrier (VSB) datum line (3.4.2) and
either:
a) where there is < 90° yaw and/or pitch of the test vehicle (3.3), the vehicle datum point (3.4.1); or
b) where there is ≥ 90° yaw and/or pitch of the test vehicle, the furthest part of the load bed (for N1, N
2
and N3 vehicles) or furthest part of the vehicle (M1 and N1G vehicles), achieved either dynamically
(during impact) or statically (post-impact), whichever is the greater
Note 1 to entry: Vehicle penetration distance is illustrated in Figure 5 a) and Figure 6 with < 90° yaw and/or
pitch of the test vehicle.
Note 2 to entry: Vehicle penetration distance is illustrated in Figure 5 b) (aerial view) with ≥ 90° yaw and/or
pitch of the test vehicle.
a) Impact at 90° to the VSB datum line, with < 90° yaw and/or pitch of the test vehicle
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ISO/FDIS 22343-1:2023(E)
b) Impact at 90° to the VSB datum line, into a VSB with an angled impact face, with ≥ 90° yaw
and/or pitch of the test vehicle (i.e. test vehicle facing towards the VSB post-impact)
Key
1 direction of impact 6 test vehicle, post impact
2 VSB foundation/test surface 7 vehicle datum point
3 VSB 8 vehicle penetration distance
4 VSB datum line 9 VSB datum line to furthest part of vehicle
(observation)
5 distance marks at ground level
NOTE See Note 2 to 6.2 for distance marks for vehicle penetration.
Figure 5 — Vehicle penetration distance — Aerial views
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ISO/FDIS 22343-1:2023(E)
a) Pre-impact b) Post-impact
Key
1 VSB (e.g. bollard) 4 vehicle penetration distance
2 VSB datum line 5 major debris
3 vehicle datum point 6 major debris distance
7 VSB datum to furthest part of vehicle
Figure 6 — Vehicle penetration distance and major debris distance — Side views
3.6.2
major debris
piece of vehicle security barrier (VSB) (3.1), vehicle or ballast (3.3.2) with a mass of ≥2 kg that becomes
totally detached during the vehicle-VSB impact (3.5)
3.6.3
major debris distance
dimension measured from and perpendicular to the vehicle security barrier datum line (3.4.2), to the
furthest edge of the outermost piece of major debris (3.6.2)
Note 1 to entry: Major debris distance is illustrated for clarity in Figure 6.
3.6.4
major debris coordinates
position of major debris (3.6.2) measured in the x- and y-axes from either the target impact point (3.5.3)
where the impact angle (3.5.2) is > 45°, or from the initial contact point where the impact angle is ≤ 45°
Note 1 to entry: Major debris coordinates are illustrated for clarity in Figure 7.
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ISO/FDIS 22343-1:2023(E)
Key
A aerial view 2 VSB foundation
B side view – y is going into page (symbol +) 3 VSB
C end view – x is coming out of page (symbol •) 4 VSB datum line
1 direction of impact (three examples) 5, 6 major debris and its coordinates
Figure 7 — Major debris coordinates system — Aerial, side and end views
3.7
client
person(s) or organization commissioning the test house (3.8) to undertake an impact (3.5) test
Note 1 to entry: The client can be, for example, the manufacturer, government agency, distributor, designer,
prospective purchaser or installer of the vehicle security barrier to be tested.
3.8
test house
person(s) or organization carrying out the vehicle impact (3.5) test
4 VSB performance requirement
When tested in accordance with the test method in Clause 6, the VSB shall affect the test vehicle by:
a) preventing it from advancing beyond the VSB datum line; or
b) redirecting the vehicle such that it remains on the non-protected side of the VSB; or
c) bringing it to a halt beyond the VSB datum line (vehicle penetration).
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ISO/FDIS 22343-1:2023(E)
In the event of c), the impact of the test vehicle with the VSB shall render the vehicle immobile by:
— causing damage to the vehicle such that it is not able to progress under its own power;
— becoming entangled with the vehicle such that it is not able to progress under its own power; or
— catching, trapping, or lifting the vehicle such that it is not able to progress under its own power.
N
...
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