ISO 50045:2019
(Main)Technical guidelines for the evaluation of energy savings of thermal power plants
Technical guidelines for the evaluation of energy savings of thermal power plants
This document gives general technical guidelines for evaluating energy savings of thermal power plants before and/or after implementing energy performance improvement action(s) (EPIAs). It includes evaluation, unit component efficiency, indexes calculation, analyses and reporting. This document is applicable to existing thermal power generating units (TPGUs), where fossil fuels (e.g. coal, oil, natural gas) are combusted to generate electricity only or to supply thermal energy with the additional production of electricity (i.e. combined cycle power plants). NOTE A typical thermal power plant encompasses at least one TPGU. If there is more than one, the TPGUs can run independently. Results obtained in accordance with this document can be used either to evaluate the potential of energy savings or to determine fulfilment of contract guarantees. They do not provide a basis for comparison of the energy savings between TPGUs. This document does not prescribe performance tests or measurements for TPGU equipment components/systems, the sampling and analysis of the fuels used, substances added for control of emissions (e.g. halide, limestone) and by-products (e.g. ash, gypsum), and instruments to be employed, but it does specify parameters of interest in the determination of energy savings. Applicable procedures can be found in relevant documents (published or to be published).
Lignes directrices techniques pour l'évaluation des économies d'énergie des centrales électriques thermiques
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 50045
First edition
2019-03
Technical guidelines for the
evaluation of energy savings of
thermal power plants
Lignes directrices techniques pour l'évaluation des économies
d'énergie des centrales électriques thermiques
Reference number
©
ISO 2019
© ISO 2019
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Symbols, units and abbreviations . 4
5 Evaluation of energy savings . 5
5.1 General . 5
5.2 Principles . 6
5.3 Evaluation indexes . 7
6 Unit component efficiency . 8
6.1 Boilers . 8
6.1.1 Boundary . 8
6.1.2 Boiler energy balance . 8
6.1.3 Boiler efficiency calculations .11
6.1.4 Others .12
6.2 Steam turbine/generator efficiency .12
6.3 Gas turbine efficiency .13
6.3.1 General.13
6.3.2 Simple cycle gas turbine systems .14
6.3.3 Combined cycle power plants.14
7 Calculation of evaluation indexes .16
7.1 Fuel equivalent .16
7.2 Fuel equivalent consumption rate .16
8 Analyses and performance evaluation .16
8.1 Procedure for evaluation .16
8.2 Evaluation of energy savings .18
8.2.1 Determination of energy savings income .18
8.2.2 Analyses for financial benefits .19
9 Reporting .20
9.1 Project overview .20
9.2 Current status and energy consumption of equipment .20
9.3 Analysis of influencing factors .21
9.4 Analysis of energy-savings potential .21
9.5 Suggestions and measures for energy-savings .21
Bibliography .22
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso
.org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by ISO/TC 301, Energy management and energy savings.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/members .html.
iv © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
Introduction
This document provides a general and practical framework for evaluating energy savings of thermal
power plants, including steam power plants based on the Rankine cycle, gas turbine plants and
combined cycle systems. These power plants mainly comprise one or several thermal power generating
units (TPGUs) to produce electricity only or both electricity and heat (i.e. cogeneration facilities and
combined heat and power systems) by burning coal, oil products, natural gas and/or other fuels.
This document covers principles, procedures, evaluation indexes and calculation methods when
determining the potential of energy savings of an existing TPGU before (an) energy performance
improvement action(s) (EPIAs) or evaluating the contract guarantees of its energy savings after the
EPIA(s) (e.g. energy performance contracting).
This document can be used by any interested party that intends to evaluate energy savings of a thermal
power plant.
The relationship of this document with related standards and the Plan-Do-Check-Act cycle is shown in
Figure 1.
Figure 1 — General process for iterative improvement
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 50045:2019(E)
Technical guidelines for the evaluation of energy savings of
thermal power plants
1 Scope
This document gives general technical guidelines for evaluating energy savings of thermal power plants
before and/or after implementing energy performance improvement action(s) (EPIAs). It includes
evaluation, unit component efficiency, indexes calculation, analyses and reporting.
This document is applicable to existing thermal power generating units (TPGUs), where fossil fuels (e.g.
coal, oil, natural gas) are combusted to generate electricity only or to supply thermal energy with the
additional production of electricity (i.e. combined cycle power plants).
NOTE A typical thermal power plant encompasses at least one TPGU. If there is more than one, the TPGUs
can run independently.
Results obtained in accordance with this document can be used either to evaluate the potential of
energy savings or to determine fulfilment of contract guarantees. They do not provide a basis for
comparison of the energy savings between TPGUs.
This document does not prescribe performance tests or measurements for TPGU equipment
components/systems, the sampling and analysis of the fuels used, substances added for control of
emissions (e.g. halide, limestone) and by-products (e.g. ash, gypsum), and instruments to be employed,
but it does specify parameters of interest in the determination of energy savings. Applicable procedures
can be found in relevant documents (published or to be published).
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https: //www .iso .org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http: //www .electropedia .org/
3.1
energy savings
ΔE
reduction of energy consumption compared to an energy baseline
Note 1 to entry: Energy savings can be actual (realized) or expected (predicted).
Note 2 to entry: Energy savings can be the result of implementation of an EPIA (3.4).
[SOURCE: ISO 17743:2016, 3.8, modified — “or autonomous progress” has been deleted from Note 2
to entry.]
3.2
fossil fuel
organic material, other than biomass, used as fuel
Note 1 to entry: In this document, the term fossil fuel primarily refers to coal, oil and natural gas used for
electricity generation (3.11) or both electricity generation and heating supply.
[SOURCE: ISO 6707-3:2017, 3.5.8, modified — Note 1 to entry has been added.]
3.3
thermal power generating unit
TPGU
facility that consists of all the equipment necessary for the production of electricity or heat energy, or
both, by combusting fossil fuels (3.2)
Note 1 to entry: In a typical fossil fuel-fired thermal power plant, for example, a TPGU would normally consist
of one or more boilers, where coal, oil or natural gas is burned to create steam, one or more turbine generators,
which convert the steam's heat energy into electricity, and other plant equipment, which supports both boiler
and turbine gen
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 50045
First edition
2019-03
Technical guidelines for the
evaluation of energy savings of
thermal power plants
Lignes directrices techniques pour l'évaluation des économies
d'énergie des centrales électriques thermiques
Reference number
©
ISO 2019
© ISO 2019
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Symbols, units and abbreviations . 4
5 Evaluation of energy savings . 5
5.1 General . 5
5.2 Principles . 6
5.3 Evaluation indexes . 7
6 Unit component efficiency . 8
6.1 Boilers . 8
6.1.1 Boundary . 8
6.1.2 Boiler energy balance . 8
6.1.3 Boiler efficiency calculations .11
6.1.4 Others .12
6.2 Steam turbine/generator efficiency .12
6.3 Gas turbine efficiency .13
6.3.1 General.13
6.3.2 Simple cycle gas turbine systems .14
6.3.3 Combined cycle power plants.14
7 Calculation of evaluation indexes .16
7.1 Fuel equivalent .16
7.2 Fuel equivalent consumption rate .16
8 Analyses and performance evaluation .16
8.1 Procedure for evaluation .16
8.2 Evaluation of energy savings .18
8.2.1 Determination of energy savings income .18
8.2.2 Analyses for financial benefits .19
9 Reporting .20
9.1 Project overview .20
9.2 Current status and energy consumption of equipment .20
9.3 Analysis of influencing factors .21
9.4 Analysis of energy-savings potential .21
9.5 Suggestions and measures for energy-savings .21
Bibliography .22
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso
.org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by ISO/TC 301, Energy management and energy savings.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/members .html.
iv © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
Introduction
This document provides a general and practical framework for evaluating energy savings of thermal
power plants, including steam power plants based on the Rankine cycle, gas turbine plants and
combined cycle systems. These power plants mainly comprise one or several thermal power generating
units (TPGUs) to produce electricity only or both electricity and heat (i.e. cogeneration facilities and
combined heat and power systems) by burning coal, oil products, natural gas and/or other fuels.
This document covers principles, procedures, evaluation indexes and calculation methods when
determining the potential of energy savings of an existing TPGU before (an) energy performance
improvement action(s) (EPIAs) or evaluating the contract guarantees of its energy savings after the
EPIA(s) (e.g. energy performance contracting).
This document can be used by any interested party that intends to evaluate energy savings of a thermal
power plant.
The relationship of this document with related standards and the Plan-Do-Check-Act cycle is shown in
Figure 1.
Figure 1 — General process for iterative improvement
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 50045:2019(E)
Technical guidelines for the evaluation of energy savings of
thermal power plants
1 Scope
This document gives general technical guidelines for evaluating energy savings of thermal power plants
before and/or after implementing energy performance improvement action(s) (EPIAs). It includes
evaluation, unit component efficiency, indexes calculation, analyses and reporting.
This document is applicable to existing thermal power generating units (TPGUs), where fossil fuels (e.g.
coal, oil, natural gas) are combusted to generate electricity only or to supply thermal energy with the
additional production of electricity (i.e. combined cycle power plants).
NOTE A typical thermal power plant encompasses at least one TPGU. If there is more than one, the TPGUs
can run independently.
Results obtained in accordance with this document can be used either to evaluate the potential of
energy savings or to determine fulfilment of contract guarantees. They do not provide a basis for
comparison of the energy savings between TPGUs.
This document does not prescribe performance tests or measurements for TPGU equipment
components/systems, the sampling and analysis of the fuels used, substances added for control of
emissions (e.g. halide, limestone) and by-products (e.g. ash, gypsum), and instruments to be employed,
but it does specify parameters of interest in the determination of energy savings. Applicable procedures
can be found in relevant documents (published or to be published).
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https: //www .iso .org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http: //www .electropedia .org/
3.1
energy savings
ΔE
reduction of energy consumption compared to an energy baseline
Note 1 to entry: Energy savings can be actual (realized) or expected (predicted).
Note 2 to entry: Energy savings can be the result of implementation of an EPIA (3.4).
[SOURCE: ISO 17743:2016, 3.8, modified — “or autonomous progress” has been deleted from Note 2
to entry.]
3.2
fossil fuel
organic material, other than biomass, used as fuel
Note 1 to entry: In this document, the term fossil fuel primarily refers to coal, oil and natural gas used for
electricity generation (3.11) or both electricity generation and heating supply.
[SOURCE: ISO 6707-3:2017, 3.5.8, modified — Note 1 to entry has been added.]
3.3
thermal power generating unit
TPGU
facility that consists of all the equipment necessary for the production of electricity or heat energy, or
both, by combusting fossil fuels (3.2)
Note 1 to entry: In a typical fossil fuel-fired thermal power plant, for example, a TPGU would normally consist
of one or more boilers, where coal, oil or natural gas is burned to create steam, one or more turbine generators,
which convert the steam's heat energy into electricity, and other plant equipment, which supports both boiler
and turbine gen
...
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