ISO 4513:2003

Road vehicles — Visibility — Method for establishment of eyellipses for driver's eye location

ISO 4513:2003 specifies a method for establishing an eyellipse for locating driver's eyes inside a road vehicle for the purpose of measuring the driver's field of view. Elliptical (eyellipse) models in both two and three dimensions are used to represent 95th and 99th percentiles of driver eye locations. Its procedures, which differ depending on the type of vehicle considered, are applicable to passenger cars (and light trucks), and to buses and heavy vehicles, as defined in ISO 3833. The statistical representation of the driver's eye locations it provides can be used as a design tool for passenger cars (V-points can be used in lieu of the complete eyellipse to standardize the driver's field of view for regulation purposes).

Véhicules routiers — Visibilité — Méthode de détermination des ellipses oculaires correspondant à l'emplacement des yeux des conducteurs

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 15-Oct-2003
• Withdrawal Date: 15-Oct-2003
• ICS: 43.020 - Road vehicles in general
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 22 - Road vehicles
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 22 - Road vehicles
• Current Stage: 9599 - Withdrawal of International Standard
• Completion Date: 10-May-2010

Relations

• Revised: ISO 4513:2010 - Road vehicles — Visibility — Method for establishment of eyellipses for driver's eye location
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2008
• Revises: ISO 4513:1978 - Road vehicles — Visibility — Method for establishment of eyellipses for driver's eye location
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2008

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 4513
Second edition
2003-10-15

Road vehicles — Visibility — Method for
establishment of eyellipses for driver's
eye location
Véhicules routiers — Visibilité — Méthode de détermination des ellipses
oculaires correspondant à l'emplacement des yeux des conducteurs




Reference number
ISO 4513:2003(E)
©
ISO 2003

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ISO 4513:2003(E)
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ISO 4513:2003(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
1 Scope. 1
2 Normative references. 1
3 Terms and definitions. 1
4 Mathematical description of 3-D eyellipses . 2
4.1 Axes lengths. 2
4.2 Centroid. 3
4.3 Left and right eyes . 3
4.4 Ellipsoid surface versus three axial sections . 3
5 Procedure for passenger cars and light trucks .3
5.1 3-D eyellipse locating procedure. 3
6 Procedure for heavy trucks and buses. 4
6.1 3-D eyellipse locating procedure. 4
Annex A (informative) Development of the eyellipse. 6
Annex B (normative) 2-D eyellipse templates . 8
Bibliography . 19



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ISO 4513:2003(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 4513 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 17, Visibility.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 4513:1978), which has been technically revised.

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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 4513:2003(E)

Road vehicles — Visibility — Method for establishment of
eyellipses for driver's eye location
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies a method for establishing an eyellipse for locating driver's eyes inside a
road vehicle for the purpose of measuring the driver's field of view. Elliptical (eyellipse) models in both two and
three dimensions are used to represent 95th and 99th percentiles of driver eye locations. Its procedures,
which differ depending on the type of vehicle considered, are applicable to passenger cars (and light trucks),
and to buses and heavy vehicles, as defined in ISO 3833. The statistical representation of the driver's eye
locations it provides can be used as a design tool for passenger cars (although V-points can be used in lieu of
the complete eyellipse to standardize the driver's field of view for regulation purposes).
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 3833, Road vehicles — Types — Terms and definitions
ISO 4130, Road vehicles — Three-dimensional reference system and fiducial marks — Definitions
ISO 4131, Road vehicles — Dimensional codes for passenger cars
ISO 7397-2:1993, Passenger cars — Verification of driver's direct field of view — Part 2: Test method
SAE J 1516:1987, Accommodation Tool Reference Point
SAE J 1517:1987, Driver Selected Seat Position
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 4130 and ISO 4131 and the
following apply.
3.1
eyellipse
statistically derived elliptical model representing driver eye locations in road vehicles
See Figure B.1.
NOTE 1 For background on the development of the eyellipse, see Annex A.
NOTE 2 A contraction of the words “eye” and “ellipse”, eyellipse is the sole term to be used in this application.
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ISO 4513:2003(E)
3.2
eyellipse template
two-dimensional drafting tool for drawing plan and side-view eyellipses at the correct location and orientation
See Figure B.2.
NOTE 1 See Annex B.
NOTE 2 The co-ordinates of eyellipse tangent points can be located in the actual vehicle three-dimensional reference
system to determine design verification.
3.3
eyellipse locator line
line in the side view defining eyellipse X and Z location as a function of design seat torso
See Figure B.3.
NOTE See Annex B.
3.4
eyellipse and head position locator template
drafting tool for positioning the eyellipse and head clearance contour as a function of design torso angle
See Figure B.3.
NOTE See Annex B.
4 Mathematical description of 3-D eyellipses
In this International Standard, 95th and 99th percentile eyellipses are defined for each of two different ranges
of fore/aft seat track travel (ISO-L23). Eyellipses shall be constructed in three dimensions in accordance with
the following (see Figure B.4).
4.1 Axes lengths
Dimensions for the lengths of the three axes in true view for the four eyellipses shall be in accordance with
Table 1.
Table 1 — Three axes in true view for the four eyellipses
Dimensions in millimetres
Eyellipse

95th 99th
Seat track travel
100 to 133 >>>>133 100 to 133 >>>>133
(ISO-L23)
Axis
X 173,8 198,9 242,1 268,2
Y 105,0 104,9 149,0 148,9
Z 86,0 86,0 122,0 122,0
NOTE The X-axis of both 95th and 99th eyellipses is about 25 mm longer for seat track travel in excess of 133 mm. The effect of
the longer track travel is to stretch the front of the eyellipse forward in the workspace without changing the location of the rear.

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ISO 4513:2003(E)
4.2 Centroid
The centroid of each eyellipse shall be located at the midpoint of the three axes.
4.3 Left and right eyes
Eyellipses for the left and right eyes shall be identical except that their centroids shall be separated
horizontally by 65 mm. A single, mid eye centroid (cyclopean eye) shall be located 32,5 mm from the centroid
of either eyellipse.
4.4 Ellipsoid surface versus three axial sections
The user may construct either a complete ellipsoidal surface or a 3-D eyellipse containing only the three axial
sections defining plan, side and rear views. Use of the ellipsoidal surface gives the greatest accuracy.
5 Procedure for passenger cars and light trucks
This procedure is applicable to passenger cars and light trucks with the following range of driver workspace
dimensions as shown in Table 2.
Table 2 — Range of driver workspace dimensions — Passenger cars and light trucks
Code No. Description Dimension
ISO-H30 SgRP to heel — Vertical 127 mm to 405 mm
ISO-H59 H-point rise 0 to 50 mm
ISO-L23 Seat track travel > 100 mm
ISO-D9 Steering wheel diameter < 450 mm
ISO-L40 Torso angle 5° to 40°

5.1 3-D eyellipse locating procedure
See Figure B.5.
NOTE All values in the following equations have units of millimetres, except ISO-L40 which is expressed in degrees.
Equation coefficients provide accuracy to ± 0,05 mm.
5.1.1 Locate R-Point
Determine a design H-Point (R-Point or SgRP). The X, Y and Z coordinates of the SgRP are ISO-L31,
ISO-W20 and ISO-H70. ISO-W20 shall be made a negative number for left-hand drive vehicles.
5.1.2 Determine ISO-L40
The design torso angle (ISO-L40) shall be as specified by the manufacturer.
5.1.3 Select an eyellipse
Determine the seat track travel and select the appropriate 95th or 99th eyellipse.
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ISO 4513:2003(E)
5.1.4 Locate centroid
Locate the eyellipse centroid in the vehicle's three-dimensional reference system. Calculate the left and right
eyellipse centroids as follows.
a) For seat track travel (ISO-L23) greater than 133 mm:
2
X = (ISO-L31) − 259,914 72 + 10,281 641 × (ISO-L40) − 0,032 032 × (ISO-L40) (1)
(left eye) Y = (ISO-W20) − 32,5 (2)
(right eye) Y = (ISO-W20) + 32,5 (3)
2
Z = (ISO-H70) + 653,717 57 + 0,398 747 × (ISO-L40) − 0,059 301 × (ISO-L40) (4)
b) For seat track travel (ISO-L23) from 100 mm to 133 mm:
2
X = (ISO-L31) − 247,714 72 + 10,281 641 × (ISO-L40) − 0,032 032 × (ISO-L40) (5)
(left eye) Y = (ISO-W20) − 32,5 (6)
(right eye) Y = (ISO-W20) + 32,5 (7)
2
Z = (ISO-H70) + 655,017 57 + 0,398 747 × (ISO-L40) − 0,059 301 × (ISO-L40) (8)
5.1.5 Orient axes
Separately rotate each eyellipse about its centroid so the X-axis is inward 5,4° (looking forward) in plan view
and down 6,4° (looking forward) in side view.
6 Procedure for heavy trucks and buses
This procedure is applicable to heavy trucks and buses with the range of driver workspace dimensions shown
in Table 3.
Table 3 — Range of driver workspace dimensions — Heavy trucks and buses
Code no. Description Dimension
ISO-H30 SgRP to heel — vertical 405 mm to 530 mm
ISO-H59 H-point rise 0 mm
ISO-L23 Seat track travel > 100 mm
ISO-D9 Steering wheel diameter 450 mm to 560 mm
ISO-L40 Torso angle 11° to 18°

6.1 3-D eyellipse locating procedure
See Figure B.6.
6.1.1 Locate ATRP
Determine the accommodation tool reference point (ATRP). Normally, this is the midpoint of the design H-
point travel path. It may also be located using the procedure for Class B vehicles given in SAE J 1516 and
SAE J 1517. The X and Z coordinates of the ATRP are X(ATRP) and Z(ATRP).
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ISO 4513:2003(E)
6.1.2 Determine ISO-L40
The design torso angle (ISO-L40) shall be as specified by the manufacturer.
6.1.3 Select an eyellipse
Determine the seat track travel ISO-L23 and select the appropriate 95th or 99th eyellipse.
6.1.4 Locate centroid
The eyellipse centroid is located to the vehicle's three-dimensional reference system. The following equations
locate the centroid as a function of design torso angle for three different male/female mixes (50/50, 75/25,
90/10 to 95/5) in the driver population. Select the same male/female mix that was used in determining the
ATRP. All values are in millimetres except ISO-L40, which is expressed in degrees.
a) For a 50/50 male/female ratio:
X = X(ATRP) − 175,26 + 12,68 × (ISO-L40) (9)
Z = Z(ATRP) + 691,09 − 3,57 × (ISO-L40) (10)
b) For a 75/25 male/female ratio:
X = X(ATRP) − 201,05 + 13,65 × (ISO-L40) (11)
Z = Z(ATRP) + 699,66 − 3,82 × (ISO-L40) (12)
c) For a 90/10 to 95/5 male/female ratio:
X = X(ATRP) − 184,44 + 12,23 × (ISO-L40) (13)
Z = Z(ATRP) + 707,52 − 4,17 × (ISO-L40) (14)
In each case the Y coordinate of the left and right eyellipse centroids is given by:
(left) Y = (ISO-W20) − 32,5 (15)
(right) Y = (ISO-W20) + 32,5 (16)
ISO-W20 shall be made a negative number for left-hand drive vehicles.
6.1.5 Orient axes
Separately rotate each eyellipse about its centroid so the X-axis is inward 5,4° (looking forward) in plan view
and down 11,6° (looking forward) in side view.

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ISO 4513:2003(E)
Annex A
(informative)

Development of the eyellipse
A.1 Historical background
This International Standard is based on an original study involving over 2 300 US drivers performing a
straight-ahead viewing task without head-turning, sitting in seats having fore/aft adjustment and fixed back
[6]
angles .
...