ISO 15189:2012
(Main)Medical laboratories - Requirements for quality and competence
Medical laboratories - Requirements for quality and competence
ISO 15189:2012 specifies requirements for quality and competence in medical laboratories. ISO 15189:2012 can be used by medical laboratories in developing their quality management systems and assessing their own competence. It can also be used for confirming or recognizing the competence of medical laboratories by laboratory customers, regulating authorities and accreditation bodies.
Laboratoires de biologie médicale — Exigences concernant la qualité et la compétence
L'ISO 15189:2012 spécifie les exigences de qualité et de compétence applicables aux laboratoires de biologie médicale. L'ISO 15189:2012 peut être utilisée par les laboratoires de biologie médicale qui élaborent leurs systèmes de management de la qualité et évaluent leur propre compétence. Les clients des laboratoires, les autorités règlementaires ainsi que les organismes d'accréditation engagés dans des activités de confirmation ou de reconnaissance de la compétence des laboratoires de biologie médicale peuvent également l'utiliser.
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Frequently Asked Questions
ISO 15189:2012 is a standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Its full title is "Medical laboratories - Requirements for quality and competence". This standard covers: ISO 15189:2012 specifies requirements for quality and competence in medical laboratories. ISO 15189:2012 can be used by medical laboratories in developing their quality management systems and assessing their own competence. It can also be used for confirming or recognizing the competence of medical laboratories by laboratory customers, regulating authorities and accreditation bodies.
ISO 15189:2012 specifies requirements for quality and competence in medical laboratories. ISO 15189:2012 can be used by medical laboratories in developing their quality management systems and assessing their own competence. It can also be used for confirming or recognizing the competence of medical laboratories by laboratory customers, regulating authorities and accreditation bodies.
ISO 15189:2012 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 03.120.10 - Quality management and quality assurance; 11.100.01 - Laboratory medicine in general. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
ISO 15189:2012 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ISO/IEC 15992:1998, ISO 15189:2022, ISO 15189:2007. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
You can purchase ISO 15189:2012 directly from iTeh Standards. The document is available in PDF format and is delivered instantly after payment. Add the standard to your cart and complete the secure checkout process. iTeh Standards is an authorized distributor of ISO standards.
Standards Content (Sample)
ISO 15189
ISO 15189
Medical
laboratories
Requirements
for quality and competence
Third edition
2012-11-01
Corrected version
2014-08-15
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Executive summary
• Medical laboratory services are essential to patient care. It is estimated that 60%
to 70% of healthcare decisions are based on diagnostic test results.
• Conformance to this International Standard ensures that the laboratory meets
both the technical competence requirements and the management system
requirements that are necessary for it to consistently deliver clinically valid
results.
• This International Standard can be used by medical laboratories in developing
their quality management systems and assessing their own competence. It can also
be used for confirming or recognizing the competence of medical laboratories by
laboratory customers, regulating authorities and accreditation bodies.
• While this International Standard is intended for use in recognized disciplines of
medical laboratory services, those working in other services and disciplines such
as clinical physiology, medical imaging and medical physics could also find it useful
and appropriate.
Contents Page
Executive summary .3
Foreword .5
Introduction .6
1 Scope .7
2 Normative references .7
3 Terms and definitions .7
4 Management requirements . 13
4.1 Organization and management responsibility .13
4.2 Quality management system .17
4.3 Document control .18
4.4 Service agreements .19
4.5 Examination by referral laboratories .20
4.6 External services and supplies .21
4.7 Advisory services .21
4.8 Resolution of complaints .22
4.9 Identification and control of nonconformities .22
4.10 Corrective action .22
4.11 Preventive action .23
4.12 Continual improvement .23
4.13 Control of records .24
4.14 Evaluation and audits .25
4.15 Management review .28
5 Technical requirements . 29
5.1 Personnel .29
5.2 Accommodation and environmental conditions .32
5.3 Laboratory equipment, reagents, and consumables .33
5.4 Pre-examination processes .38
5.5 Examination processes .42
5.6 Ensuring quality of examination results .45
5.7 Post-examination processes .48
5.8 Reporting of results .49
5.9 Release of results .50
5.10 Laboratory information management .52
Annex A (informative) Correlation with ISO 9001:2008 and ISO/IEC 17025:2005 . 54
Annex B (informative) Comparison of ISO 15189:2007 to ISO 15189:2012 . 60
Bibliography . 65
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of
national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International
Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body
interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the
right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates
closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of elec-
trotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft
International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the mem-
ber bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at
least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be
the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all
such patent rights.
ISO 15189 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 212, Clinical laboratory testing
and in vitro diagnostic test systems.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 15189:2007), which has
been technically revised.
A correlation between the second and third editions of this International Standard is provided
as Annex B. The third edition continues the alignment established in ISO/IEC 17025:2005.
This corrected version of ISO 15189:2012 includes various editorial corrections.
Introduction
This International Standard, based upon ISO/IEC 17025 and ISO 9001, specifies require-
1)
ments for competence and quality that are particular to medical laboratories . It is
acknowledged that a country could have its own specific regulations or requirements
applicable to some or all its professional personnel and their activities and responsibili-
ties in this domain.
Medical laboratory services are essential to patient care and therefore have to be avail-
able to meet the needs of all patients and the clinical personnel responsible for the care
of those patients. Such services include arrangements for examination requests, patient
preparation, patient identification, collection of samples, transportation, storage, pro-
cessing and examination of clinical samples, together with subsequent interpretation,
reporting and advice, in addition to the considerations of safety and ethics in medical
laboratory work.
Whenever allowed by national, regional or local regulations and requirements, it is desir-
able that medical laboratory services include the examination of patients in consultation
cases, and that those services actively participate in the prevention of disease in addi-
tion to diagnosis and patient management. Each laboratory should also provide suitable
educational and scientific opportunities for professional staff working with it.
While this International Standard is intended for use throughout the currently recognized
disciplines of medical laboratory services, those working in other services and disciplines
such as clinical physiology, medical imaging and medical physics could also find it use-
ful and appropriate. In addition, bodies engaged in the recognition of the competence of
medical laboratories will be able to use this International Standard as the basis for their
activities. If a laboratory seeks accreditation, it should select an accrediting body which
operates in accordance with ISO/IEC 17011 and which takes into account the particular
requirements of medical laboratories.
This International Standard is not intended to be used for the purposes of certification,
however a medical laboratory’s fulfilment of the requirements of this International
Standard means the laboratory meets both the technical competence requirements and
the management system requirements that are necessary for it to consistently deliver
technically valid results. The management system requirements in Clause 4 are written
in a language relevant to a medical laboratory’s operations and meet the principles of
ISO 9001:2008, Quality management systems — Requirements, and are aligned with its
pertinent requirements (Joint IAF-ILAC-ISO Communiqué issued in 2009).
The correlation between the clauses and subclauses of this third edition of ISO 15189
and those of ISO 9001:2008 and of ISO/IEC 17025:2005 is detailed in Annex A of this
International Standard.
Environmental issues associated with medical laboratory activity are generally addressed
throughout this International Standard, with specific references in 5.2.2, 5.2.6, 5.3, 5.4,
5.5.1.4 and 5.7.
1) In other languages, these laboratories can be designated by the equivalent of the English
term “clinical laboratories.”
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies requirements for quality and competence in medi-
cal laboratories.
This International Standard can be used by medical laboratories in developing their
quality management systems and assessing their own competence. It can also be used
for confirming or recognizing the competence of medical laboratories by laboratory
customers, regulating authorities and accreditation bodies.
NOTE International, national or regional regulations or requirements may also apply to
specific topics covered in this International Standard.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this docu-
ment. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the
latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 17000, Conformity assessment — Vocabulary and general principles
ISO/IEC 17025:2005, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration
laboratories
ISO/IEC Guide 2, Standardization and related activities — General vocabulary
ISO/IEC Guide 99, International vocabulary of metrology — Basic and general concepts and
associated terms (VIM)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 17000,
ISO/IEC Guide 2 and ISO/IEC Guide 99 and the following apply.
3.1
accreditation
procedure by which an authoritative body gives formal recognition that an organization
is competent to carry out specific tasks
3.2
alert interval
critical interval
interval of examination results for an alert (critical) test that indicates an immediate risk
to the patient of injury or death
Note 1 to entry: The interval may be open ended, where only a threshold is defined.
Note 2 to entry: The laboratory determines the appropriate list of alert tests for its patients and
users.
3.3
automated selection and reporting of results
process by which patient examination results are sent to the laboratory information
system and compared with laboratory-defined acceptance criteria, and in which results
that fall within the defined criteria are automatically included in patient report formats
without any additional intervention
3.4
biological reference interval
reference interval
specified interval of the distribution of values taken from a biological reference population
EXAMPLE The central 95 % biological reference interval for sodium ion concentration val-
ues in serum from a population of presumed healthy male and female adults is 135 mmol/l to
145 mmol/l.
Note 1 to entry: A reference interval is commonly defined as the central 95 % interval. Another
size or an asymmetrical location of the reference interval could be more appropriate in par-
ticular cases.
Note 2 to entry: A reference interval can depend upon the type of primary samples and the
examination procedure used.
Note 3 to entry: In some cases, only one biological reference limit is important, for example,
an upper limit, x, so that the corresponding biological reference interval would be less than or
equal to x.
Note 4 to entry: Terms such as ‘normal range’, ‘normal values’, and ‘clinical range’ are ambigu-
ous and therefore discouraged.
3.5
competence
demonstrated ability to apply knowledge and skills
Note 1 to entry: The concept of competence is defined in a generic sense in this International
Standard. The word usage can be more specific in other ISO documents.
[SOURCE: ISO 9000:2005, definition 3.1.6]
3.6
documented procedure
specified way to carry out an activity or a process that is documented, implemented and
maintained
Note 1 to entry: The requirement for a documented procedure may be addressed in a single
document or by more than one document.
Note 2 to entry: Adapted from ISO 9000:2005, definition 3.4.5.
3.7
examination
set of operations having the object of determining the value or characteristics of a property
Note 1 to entry: In some disciplines (e.g. microbiology) an examination is the total activity of a
number of tests, observations or measurements.
Note 2 to entry: Laboratory examinations that determine a value of a property are called quan-
titative examinations; those that determine the characteristics of a property are called qualita-
tive examinations.
Note 3 to entry: Laboratory examinations are also often called assays or tests.
3.8
interlaboratory comparison
organization, performance and evaluation of measurements or tests on the same or
similar items by two or more laboratories in accordance with predetermined conditions
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 17043:2010, definition 3.4]
3.9
laboratory director
person(s) with responsibility for, and authority over, a laboratory
Note 1 to entry: For the purposes of this International Standard, the person or persons referred
to are designated collectively as laboratory director.
Note 2 to entry: National, regional and local regulations may apply with regard to qualifications
and training.
3.10
laboratory management
person(s) who direct and manage the activities of a laboratory
Note 1 to entry: The term ‘laboratory management’ is synonymous with the term ‘top manage-
ment’ in ISO 9000:2005.
3.11
medical laboratory
clinical laboratory
laboratory for the biological, microbiological, immunological, chemical, immunohaemato-
logical, haematological, biophysical, cytological, pathological, genetic or other examination
of materials derived from the human body for the purpose of providing information for
the diagnosis, management, prevention and treatment of disease in, or assessment of the
health of, human beings, and which may provide a consultant advisory service covering
all aspects of laboratory investigation including the interpretation of results and advice
on further appropriate investigation
Note 1 to entry: These examinations also include procedures for determining, measuring or
otherwise describing the presence or absence of various substances or microorganisms.
3.12
nonconformity
nonfulfillment of a requirement
Note 1 to entry: Other terms frequently used include: accident, adverse event, error, event, inci-
dent, and occurrence.
[ISO 9000:2005, definition 3.6.2].
3.13
point-of-care testing
POCT
near-patient testing
testing performed near or at the site of a patient, with the result leading to possible
change in the care of the patient
[SOURCE: ISO 22870:2006, definition 3.1]
3.14
post-examination processes
postanalytical phase
processes following the examination including review of results, retention and storage of
clinical material, sample (and waste) disposal, and formatting, releasing, reporting and
retention of examination results
3.15
pre-examination processes
preanalytical phase
processes that start, in chronological order, from the clinician’s request and include
the examination request, preparation and identification of the patient, collection of the
primary sample(s), and transportation to and within the laboratory, and end when the
analytical examination begins
3.16
primary sample
specimen
discrete portion of a body fluid, breath, hair or tissue taken for examination, study or
analysis of one or more quantities or properties assumed to apply for the whole
Note 1 to entry: The Global Harmonisation Task Force (GHTF) uses the term specimen in its
harmonized guidance documents to mean a sample of biological origin intended for examina-
tion by a medical laboratory.
Note 2 to entry: In some ISO and CEN documents, a specimen is defined as “a biological sample
derived from the human body”.
Note 3 to entry: In some countries, the term “specimen” is used instead of primary sample (or a
subsample of it), which is the sample prepared for sending to, or as received by, the laboratory
and which is intended for examination.
3.17
process
set of interrelated or interacting activities which transform inputs into outputs
Note 1 to entry: Inputs to a process are generally outputs of other processes.
Note 2 to entry: Adapted from ISO 9000:2005, definition 3.4.1.
3.18
quality
degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfils requirements
Note 1 to entry: The term “quality” can be used with adjectives such as poor, good or excellent.
Note 2 to entry: “Inherent”, as opposed to “assigned”, means existing in something, especially
as a permanent characteristic.
[SOURCE: ISO 9000:2005, definition 3.1.1]
3.19
quality indicator
measure of the degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfils requirements
Note 1 to entry: Measure can be expressed, for example, as % yield (% within specified require-
ments), % defects (% outside specified requirements), defects per million occasions (DPMO) or
on the Six Sigma scale.
Note 2 to entry: Quality indicators can measure how well an organization meets the needs and
requirements of users and the quality of all operational processes.
EXAMPLE If the requirement is to receive all urine samples in the laboratory uncontaminated,
the number of contaminated urine samples received as a % of all urine samples received (the
inherent characteristic of the process) is a measure of the quality of the process.
3.20
quality management system
management system to direct and control an organization with regard to quality
Note 1 to entry: The term “quality management system” referred to in this definition relates to
general management activities, the provision and management of resources, the pre-examination,
examination and post-examination processes and evaluation and continual improvement.
Note 2 to entry: Adapted from ISO 9000:2005, definition 3.2.3.
3.21
quality policy
overall intentions and direction of a laboratory related to quality as formally expressed
by laboratory management
Note 1 to entry: Generally the quality policy is consistent with the overall policy of an organiza-
tion and provides a framework for setting quality objectives.
Note 2 to entry: Adapted from ISO 9000:2005, definition 3.2.4
3.22
quality objective
something sought, or aimed for, related to quality
Note 1 to entry: Quality objectives are generally based on the laboratory’s quality policy.
Note 2 to entry: Quality objectives are generally specified for relevant functions and levels in
the organization.
Note 3 to entry: Adapted from ISO 9000:2005, definition 3.2.5.
3.23
referral laboratory
external laboratory to which a sample is submitted for examination
Note 1 to entry: A referral laboratory is one to which laboratory management chooses to submit
a sample or sub-sample for examination or when routine examinations cannot be carried out.
This differs from a laboratory that may include public health, forensics, tumour registry, or a
central (parent) facility to which submission of samples is required by structure or regulation.
3.24
sample
one or more parts taken from a primary sample
EXAMPLE A volume of serum taken from a larger volume of serum.
3.25
turnaround time
elapsed time between two specified points through pre-examination, examination and
post-examination processes
3.26
validation
confirmation, through the provision of objective evidence, that the requirements for a
specific intended use or application have been fulfilled
Note 1 to entry: The term “validated” is used to designate the corresponding status.
Note 2 to entry: Adapted from ISO 9000:2005, definition 3.8.5.
3.27
verification
confirmation, through provision of objective evidence, that specified requirements have
been fulfilled
Note 1 to entry: The term “verified” is used to designate the corresponding status.
Note 2 to entry: Confirmation can comprise activities such as
— performing alternative calculations,
— comparing a new design specification with a similar proven design specification,
— undertaking tests and demonstrations, and
— reviewing documents prior to issue.
[SOURCE: ISO 9000:2005, definition 3.8.4]
4 Management requirements
4.1 Organization and management responsibility
4.1.1 Organization
4.1.1.1 General
The medical laboratory (hereinafter referred to as ‘the laboratory’) shall meet the require-
ments of this International Standard when carrying out work at its permanent facilities,
or in associated or mobile facilities.
4.1.1.2 Legal entity
The laboratory or the organization of which the laboratory is a part shall be an entity
that can be held legally responsible for its activities.
4.1.1.3 Ethical conduct
Laboratory management shall have arrangements in place to ensure the following:
a) there is no involvement in any activities that would diminish confidence in the
laboratory’s competence, impartiality, judgement or operational integrity;
b) management and personnel are free from any undue commercial, financial, or
other pressures and influences that may adversely affect the quality of their work;
c) where potential conflicts in competing interests may exist, they shall be openly
and appropriately declared;
d) there are appropriate procedures to ensure that staff treat human samples, tissues
or remains according to relevant legal requirements;
e) confidentiality of information is maintained.
4.1.1.4 Laboratory director
The laboratory shall be directed by a person or persons with the competence and del-
egated responsibility for the services provided.
The responsibilities of the laboratory director shall include professional, scientific, con-
sultative or advisory, organizational, administrative and educational matters relevant
to the services offered by the laboratory.
The laboratory director may delegate selected duties and/or responsibilities to qualified
personnel; however, the laboratory director shall maintain the ultimate responsibility
for the overall operation and administration of the laboratory.
The duties and responsibilities of the laboratory director shall be documented.
The laboratory director (or the designates for delegated duties) shall have the neces-
sary competence, authority and resources in order to fulfil the requirements of this
International Standard.
The laboratory director (or designate/s) shall:
a) provide effective leadership of the medical laboratory service, including budget
planning and financial management, in accordance with institutional assignment
of such responsibilities;
b) relate and function effectively with applicable accrediting and regulatory agencies,
appropriate administrative officials, the healthcare community, and the patient
population served, and providers of formal agreements, when required;
c) ensure that there are appropriate numbers of staff with the required education,
training and competence to provide medical laboratory services that meet the
needs and requirements of the users;
d) ensure the implementation of the quality policy;
e) implement a safe laboratory environment in compliance with good practice and
applicable requirements;
f) serve as a contributing member of the medical staff for those facilities served, if
applicable and appropriate;
g) ensure the provision of clinical advice with respect to the choice of examinations,
use of the service and interpretation of examination results;
h) select and monitor laboratory suppliers;
i) select referral laboratories and monitor the quality of their service (see also 4.5);
j) provide professional development programmes for laboratory staff and
opportunities to participate in scientific and other activities of professional
laboratory organizations;
k) define, implement and monitor standards of performance and quality
improvement of the medical laboratory service or services;
NOTE This may be done within the context of the various quality improvement committees
of the parent organization, as appropriate, where applicable.
l) monitor all work performed in the laboratory to determine that clinically relevant
information is being generated;
m) address any complaint, request or suggestion from staff and/or users of laboratory
services (see also 4.8, 4.14.3 and 4.14.4);
n) design and implement a contingency plan to ensure that essential services are
available during emergency situations or other conditions when laboratory
services are limited or unavailable;
NOTE Contingency plans should be periodically tested.
o) plan and direct research and development, where appropriate.
4.1.2 Management responsibility
4.1.2.1 Management commitment
Laboratory management shall provide evidence of its commitment to the development
and implementation of the quality management system and continually improve its
effectiveness by:
a) communicating to laboratory personnel the importance of meeting the needs
and requirements of users (see 4.1.2.2) as well as regulatory and accreditation
requirements;
b) establishing the quality policy (see 4.1.2.3);
c) ensuring that quality objectives and planning are established (see 4.1.2.4);
d) defining responsibilities, authorities and interrelationships of all personnel (see
4.1.2.5);
e) establishing communication processes (see 4.1.2.6);
f) appointing a quality manager, however named (see 4.1.2.7);
g) conducting management reviews (see 4.15);
h) ensuring that all personnel are competent to perform their assigned activities (see
5.1.6);
i) ensuring availability of adequate resources (see 5.1, 5.2 and 5.3) to enable the
proper conduct of pre-examination, examination and post-examination activities
(see 5.4, 5,5, and 5.7).
4.1.2.2 Needs of users
Laboratory management shall ensure that laboratory services, including appropriate
advisory and interpretative services, meet the needs of patients and those using the
laboratory services. (see also 4.4 and 4.14.3).
4.1.2.3 Quality policy
Laboratory management shall define the intent of its quality management system in a
quality policy. Laboratory management shall ensure that the quality policy:
a) is appropriate to the purpose of the organization;
b) includes a commitment to good professional practice, examinations that are fit for
intended use, compliance with the requirements of this International Standard,
and continual improvement of the quality of laboratory services;
c) provides a framework for establishing and reviewing quality objectives;
d) is communicated and understood within the organization;
e) is reviewed for continuing suitability.
4.1.2.4 Quality objectives and planning
Laboratory management shall establish quality objectives, including those needed to
meet the needs and requirements of the users, at relevant functions and levels within
the organization. The quality objectives shall be measurable and consistent with the
quality policy.
Laboratory management shall ensure that planning of the quality management system
is carried out to meet the requirements (see 4.2) and the quality objectives.
Laboratory management shall ensure that the integrity of the quality management sys-
tem is maintained when changes to the quality management system are planned and
implemented.
4.1.2.5 Responsibility, authority and interrelationships
Laboratory management shall ensure that responsibilities, authorities and interrelation-
ships are defined, documented and communicated within the laboratory organization.
This shall include the appointment of person(s) responsible for each laboratory function
and appointment of deputies for key managerial and technical personnel.
NOTE It is recognized that in smaller laboratories individuals can have more than one func-
tion and that it could be impractical to appoint deputies for every function.
4.1.2.6 Communication
Laboratory management shall have an effective means for communicating with staff (see
also 4.14.4). Records shall be kept of items discussed in communications and meetings.
Laboratory management shall ensure that appropriate communication processes are
established between the laboratory and its stakeholders and that communication takes
place regarding the effectiveness of the laboratory’s pre-examination, examination and
post-examination processes and quality management system.
4.1.2.7 Quality manager
Laboratory management shall appoint a quality manager who shall have, irrespective of
other responsibilities, delegated responsibility and authority that includes:
a) ensuring that processes needed for the quality management system are
established, implemented, and maintained;
b) reporting to laboratory management, at the level at which decisions are made on
laboratory policy, objectives, and resources, on the performance of the quality
management system and any need for improvement;
c) ensuring the promotion of awareness of users’ needs and requirements throughout
the laboratory organization.
4.2 Quality management system
4.2.1 General requirements
The laboratory shall establish, document, implement and maintain a quality management
system and continually improve its effectiveness in accordance with the requirements
of this International Standard.
The quality management system shall provide for the integration of all processes required
to fulfil its quality policy and objectives and meet the needs and requirements of the users.
The laboratory shall:
a) determine the processes needed for the quality management system and ensure
their application throughout the laboratory;
b) determine the sequence and interaction of these processes;
c) determine criteria and methods needed to ensure that both the operation and
control of these processes are effective;
d) ensure the availability of resources and information necessary to support the
operation and monitoring of these processes;
e) monitor and evaluate these processes;
f) implement actions necessary to achieve planned results and continual
improvement of these processes.
4.2.2 Documentation requirements
4.2.2.1 General
The quality management system documentation shall include:
a) statements of a quality policy (see 4.1.2.3) and quality objectives (see 4.1.2.4);
b) a quality manual (see 4.2.2.2);
c) procedures and records required by this International Standard;
d) documents, and records (see 4.13), determined by the laboratory to ensure the
effective planning, operation and control of its processes;
e) copies of applicable regulations, standards and other normative documents.
NOTE The documentation can be in any form or type of medium, providing it is readily acces-
sible and protected from unauthorized changes and undue deterioration.
4.2.2.2 Quality manual
The laboratory shall establish and maintain a quality manual that includes:
a) the quality policy (4.1.2.3) or makes reference to it;
b) a description of the scope of the quality management system;
c) a presentation of the organization and management structure of the laboratory
and its place in any parent organization;
d) a description of the roles and responsibilities of laboratory management (including
the laboratory director and quality manager) for ensuring compliance with this
International Standard;
e) a description of the structure and relationships of the documentation used in the
quality management system;
f) the documented policies established for the quality management system and
reference to the managerial and technical activities that support them.
All laboratory staff shall have access to and be instructed on the use and application of
the quality manual and the referenced documents.
4.3 Document control
The laboratory shall control documents required by the quality management system and
shall ensure that unintended use of any obsolete document is prevented.
NOTE 1 Documents that should be considered for document control are those that may vary
based on changes in versions or time. Examples include policy statements, instructions for use,
flow charts, procedures, specifications, forms, calibration tables, biological reference intervals
and their origins, charts, posters, notices, memoranda, software documentation, drawings, plans,
agreements, and documents of external origin such as regulations, standards and text books
from which examination procedures are taken.
NOTE 2 Records contain information from a particular point in time stating results achieved
or providing evidence of activities performed and are maintained according to the requirements
given in 4.13, Control of records.
The laboratory shall have a documented procedure to ensure that the following condi-
tions are met.
a) All documents, including those maintained in a computerized system, issued as
part of the quality management system are reviewed and approved by authorized
personnel before issue.
b) All documents are identified to include:
— a title;
— a unique identifier on each page;
— the date of the current edition and/or edition number;
— page number to total number of pages (e.g. “Page 1 of 5,” “Page 2 of 5,”);
— authority for issue.
NOTE ‘Edition’ is used to mean one of a number of printings issued at separate times
that incorporates alterations and amendments. ‘Edition’ can be regarded as synonymous
with ‘revision or version’.
c) Current authorized editions and their distribution are identified by means of a list
(e.g. document register, log or master index).
d) Only current, authorized editions of applicable documents are available at points
of use.
e) Where a laboratory’s document control system allows for the amendment of
documents by hand, pending the re-issue of documents, the procedures and
authorities for such amendments are defined, amendments are clearly marked,
initialled and dated, and a revised document is issued within a specified time
period.
f) Changes to documents are identified.
g) Documents remain legible.
h) Documents are periodically reviewed and updated at a frequency that ensures that
they remain fit for purpose.
i) Obsolete controlled documents are dated and marked as obsolete.
j) At least one copy of an obsolete controlled document is retained for a specified
time period or in accordance with applicable specified requirements.
4.4 Service agreements
4.4.1 Establishment of service agreements
The laboratory shall have documented procedures for the establishment and review of
agreements for providing medical laboratory services.
Each request accepted by the laboratory for examination(s) shall be considered an
agreement.
Agreements to provide medical laboratory services shall take into account the request,
the examination and the report. The agreement shall specify the information needed on
the request to ensure appropriate examination and result interpretation.
The following conditions shall be met when the laboratory enters into an agreement to
provide medical laboratory services.
a) The requirements of the customers and users, and of the provider of the laboratory
services, including the examination processes to be used, shall be defined,
documented and understood (see 5.4.2 and 5.5).
b) The laboratory shall have the capability and resources to meet the requirements.
c) Laboratory personnel shall have the skills and expertise necessary for the
performance of the intended examinations.
d) Examination procedures selected shall be appropriate and able to meet the
customers’ needs (see 5.5.1).
e) Customers and users shall be informed of deviations from the agreement that
impact upon the examination results.
f) Reference shall be made to any work referred by the laboratory to a referral
laboratory or consultant.
NOTE 1 Customers and users may include clinicians, health care organizations, third party
payment organizations or agencies, pharmaceutical companies, and patients.
NOTE 2 Where patients are customers (e.g. when patients have the ability to directly request
examinations), changes in service should be reflected in explanatory information and laboratory
reports.
NOTE 3 Laboratories should not enter into financial arrangements with referring practitioners
or funding agencies where those arrangements act as an inducement for the referral of examina-
tions or patients or interfere with the practitioner’s independent assessment of what is best for
the patient.
4.4.2 Review of service agreements
Reviews of agreements to provide medical laboratory services shall include all aspects
of the agreement. Records of these reviews shall include any changes to the agreement
and any pertinent discussions.
When an agreement needs to be amended after laboratory services have commenced,
the same agreement review process shall be repeated and any amendments shall be
communicated to all affected parties.
4.5 Examination by referral laboratories
4.5.1 Selecting and evaluating referral laboratories and consultants
The laboratory shall have a documented procedure for selecting and evaluating referral
laboratories and consultants who provide opinions as well as interpretation for complex
t
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 15189
Third edition
2012-11-01
Corrected version
2014-08-15
Medical laboratories — Requirements
for quality and competence
Laboratoires de biologie médicale — Exigences concernant la qualité
et la compétence
Reference number
©
ISO 2012
© ISO 2012
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Management requirements . 6
4.1 Organization and management responsibility . 6
4.2 Quality management system . 9
4.3 Document control .10
4.4 Service agreements .11
4.5 Examination by referral laboratories .12
4.6 External services and supplies .12
4.7 Advisory services .13
4.8 Resolution of complaints .13
4.9 Identification and control of nonconformities .13
4.10 Corrective action .14
4.11 Preventive action .14
4.12 Continual improvement .14
4.13 Control of records .15
4.14 Evaluation and audits .16
4.15 Management review .18
5 Technical requirements .19
5.1 Personnel .19
5.2 Accommodation and environmental conditions .21
5.3 Laboratory equipment, reagents, and consumables .23
5.4 Pre-examination processes .26
5.5 Examination processes .30
5.6 Ensuring quality of examination results .33
5.7 Post-examination processes .35
5.8 Reporting of results .35
5.9 Release of results .37
5.10 Laboratory information management .38
Annex A (informative) Correlation with ISO 9001:2008 and ISO/IEC 17025:2005 .40
Annex B (informative) Comparison of ISO 15189:2007 to ISO 15189:2012 .45
Bibliography .50
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies
casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 15189 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 212, Clinical laboratory testing and in vitro
diagnostic test systems.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 15189:2007), which has been technically
revised.
A correlation between the second and third editions of this International Standard is provided as
Annex B. The third edition continues the alignment established in ISO/IEC 17025:2005.
This corrected version of ISO 15189:2012 includes various editorial corrections.
iv © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved
Introduction
This International Standard, based upon ISO/IEC 17025 and ISO 9001, specifies requirements for
1)
competence and quality that are particular to medical laboratories . It is acknowledged that a country
could have its own specific regulations or requirements applicable to some or all its professional
personnel and their activities and responsibilities in this domain.
Medical laboratory services are essential to patient care and therefore have to be available to meet the
needs of all patients and the clinical personnel responsible for the care of those patients. Such services
include arrangements for examination requests, patient preparation, patient identification, collection
of samples, transportation, storage, processing and examination of clinical samples, together with
subsequent interpretation, reporting and advice, in addition to the considerations of safety and ethics
in medical laboratory work.
Whenever allowed by national, regional or local regulations and requirements, it is desirable that medical
laboratory services include the examination of patients in consultation cases, and that those services
actively participate in the prevention of disease in addition to diagnosis and patient management. Each
laboratory should also provide suitable educational and scientific opportunities for professional staff
working with it.
While this International Standard is intended for use throughout the currently recognized disciplines
of medical laboratory services, those working in other services and disciplines such as clinical
physiology, medical imaging and medical physics could also find it useful and appropriate. In addition,
bodies engaged in the recognition of the competence of medical laboratories will be able to use this
International Standard as the basis for their activities. If a laboratory seeks accreditation, it should select
an accrediting body which operates in accordance with ISO/IEC 17011 and which takes into account the
particular requirements of medical laboratories.
This International Standard is not intended to be used for the purposes of certification, however a
medical laboratory’s fulfilment of the requirements of this International Standard means the laboratory
meets both the technical competence requirements and the management system requirements that are
necessary for it to consistently deliver technically valid results. The management system requirements
in Clause 4 are written in a language relevant to a medical laboratory’s operations and meet the
principles of ISO 9001:2008, Quality management systems — Requirements, and are aligned with its
pertinent requirements (Joint IAF-ILAC-ISO Communiqué issued in 2009).
The correlation between the clauses and subclauses of this third edition of ISO 15189 and those of
ISO 9001:2008 and of ISO/IEC 17025:2005 is detailed in Annex A of this International Standard.
Environmental issues associated with medical laboratory activity are generally addressed throughout
this International Standard, with specific references in 5.2.2, 5.2.6, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5.1.4 and 5.7.
1) In other languages, these laboratories can be designated by the equivalent of the English term “clinical
laboratories.”
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 15189:2012(E)
Medical laboratories — Requirements for quality and
competence
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies requirements for quality and competence in medical laboratories.
This International Standard can be used by medical laboratories in developing their quality management
systems and assessing their own competence. It can also be used for confirming or recognizing the
competence of medical laboratories by laboratory customers, regulating authorities and accreditation
bodies.
NOTE International, national or regional regulations or requirements may also apply to specific topics
covered in this International Standard.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 17000, Conformity assessment — Vocabulary and general principles
ISO/IEC 17025:2005, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories
ISO/IEC Guide 2, Standardization and related activities — General vocabulary
ISO/IEC Guide 99, International vocabulary of metrology — Basic and general concepts and associated
terms (VIM)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 17000, ISO/IEC Guide 2
and ISO/IEC Guide 99 and the following apply.
3.1
accreditation
procedure by which an authoritative body gives formal recognition that an organization is competent
to carry out specific tasks
3.2
alert interval
critical interval
interval of examination results for an alert (critical) test that indicates an immediate risk to the patient
of injury or death
Note 1 to entry: The interval may be open ended, where only a threshold is defined.
Note 2 to entry: The laboratory determines the appropriate list of alert tests for its patients and users.
3.3
automated selection and reporting of results
process by which patient examination results are sent to the laboratory information system and
compared with laboratory-defined acceptance criteria, and in which results that fall within the defined
criteria are automatically included in patient report formats without any additional intervention
3.4
biological reference interval
reference interval
specified interval of the distribution of values taken from a biological reference population
EXAMPLE The central 95 % biological reference interval for sodium ion concentration values in serum from
a population of presumed healthy male and female adults is 135 mmol/l to 145 mmol/l.
Note 1 to entry: A reference interval is commonly defined as the central 95 % interval. Another size or an
asymmetrical location of the reference interval could be more appropriate in particular cases.
Note 2 to entry: A reference interval can depend upon the type of primary samples and the examination procedure
used.
Note 3 to entry: In some cases, only one biological reference limit is important, for example, an upper limit, x, so
that the corresponding biological reference interval would be less than or equal to x.
Note 4 to entry: Terms such as ‘normal range’, ‘normal values’, and ‘clinical range’ are ambiguous and therefore
discouraged.
3.5
competence
demonstrated ability to apply knowledge and skills
Note 1 to entry: The concept of competence is defined in a generic sense in this International Standard. The word
usage can be more specific in other ISO documents.
[SOURCE: ISO 9000:2005, definition 3.1.6]
3.6
documented procedure
specified way to carry out an activity or a process that is documented, implemented and maintained
Note 1 to entry: The requirement for a documented procedure may be addressed in a single document or by more
than one document.
Note 2 to entry: Adapted from ISO 9000:2005, definition 3.4.5.
3.7
examination
set of operations having the object of determining the value or characteristics of a property
Note 1 to entry: In some disciplines (e.g. microbiology) an examination is the total activity of a number of tests,
observations or measurements.
Note 2 to entry: Laboratory examinations that determine a value of a property are called quantitative examinations;
those that determine the characteristics of a property are called qualitative examinations.
Note 3 to entry: Laboratory examinations are also often called assays or tests.
3.8
interlaboratory comparison
organization, performance and evaluation of measurements or tests on the same or similar items by two
or more laboratories in accordance with predetermined conditions
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 17043:2010, definition 3.4]
3.9
laboratory director
person(s) with responsibility for, and authority over, a laboratory
Note 1 to entry: For the purposes of this International Standard, the person or persons referred to are designated
collectively as laboratory director.
2 © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved
Note 2 to entry: National, regional and local regulations may apply with regard to qualifications and training.
3.10
laboratory management
person(s) who direct and manage the activities of a laboratory
Note 1 to entry: The term ‘laboratory management’ is synonymous with the term ‘top management’ in
ISO 9000:2005.
3.11
medical laboratory
clinical laboratory
laboratory for the biological, microbiological, immunological, chemical, immunohaematological,
haematological, biophysical, cytological, pathological, genetic or other examination of materials
derived from the human body for the purpose of providing information for the diagnosis, management,
prevention and treatment of disease in, or assessment of the health of, human beings, and which may
provide a consultant advisory service covering all aspects of laboratory investigation including the
interpretation of results and advice on further appropriate investigation
Note 1 to entry: These examinations also include procedures for determining, measuring or otherwise describing
the presence or absence of various substances or microorganisms.
3.12
nonconformity
nonfulfillment of a requirement
Note 1 to entry: Other terms frequently used include: accident, adverse event, error, event, incident, and occurrence.
[ISO 9000:2005, definition 3.6.2].
3.13
point-of-care testing
POCT
near-patient testing
testing performed near or at the site of a patient, with the result leading to possible change in the care
of the patient
[SOURCE: ISO 22870:2006, definition 3.1]
3.14
post-examination processes
postanalytical phase
processes following the examination including review of results, retention and storage of clinical
material, sample (and waste) disposal, and formatting, releasing, reporting and retention of examination
results
3.15
pre-examination processes
preanalytical phase
processes that start, in chronological order, from the clinician’s request and include the examination
request, preparation and identification of the patient, collection of the primary sample(s), and
transportation to and within the laboratory, and end when the analytical examination begins
3.16
primary sample
specimen
discrete portion of a body fluid, breath, hair or tissue taken for examination, study or analysis of one or
more quantities or properties assumed to apply for the whole
Note 1 to entry: The Global Harmonisation Task Force (GHTF) uses the term specimen in its harmonized guidance
documents to mean a sample of biological origin intended for examination by a medical laboratory.
Note 2 to entry: In some ISO and CEN documents, a specimen is defined as “a biological sample derived from the
human body”.
Note 3 to entry: In some countries, the term “specimen” is used instead of primary sample (or a subsample
of it), which is the sample prepared for sending to, or as received by, the laboratory and which is intended for
examination.
3.17
process
set of interrelated or interacting activities which transform inputs into outputs
Note 1 to entry: Inputs to a process are generally outputs of other processes.
Note 2 to entry: Adapted from ISO 9000:2005, definition 3.4.1.
3.18
quality
degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfils requirements
Note 1 to entry: The term “quality” can be used with adjectives such as poor, good or excellent.
Note 2 to entry: “Inherent”, as opposed to “assigned”, means existing in something, especially as a permanent
characteristic.
[SOURCE: ISO 9000:2005, definition 3.1.1]
3.19
quality indicator
measure of the degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfils requirements
Note 1 to entry: Measure can be expressed, for example, as % yield (% within specified requirements), % defects
(% outside specified requirements), defects per million occasions (DPMO) or on the Six Sigma scale.
Note 2 to entry: Quality indicators can measure how well an organization meets the needs and requirements of
users and the quality of all operational processes.
EXAMPLE If the requirement is to receive all urine samples in the laboratory uncontaminated, the number
of contaminated urine samples received as a % of all urine samples received (the inherent characteristic of the
process) is a measure of the quality of the process.
3.20
quality management system
management system to direct and control an organization with regard to quality
Note 1 to entry: The term “quality management system” referred to in this definition relates to general management
activities, the provision and management of resources, the pre-examination, examination and post-examination
processes and evaluation and continual improvement.
Note 2 to entry: Adapted from ISO 9000:2005, definition 3.2.3.
3.21
quality policy
overall intentions and direction of a laboratory related to quality as formally expressed by laboratory
management
Note 1 to entry: Generally the quality policy is consistent with the overall policy of an organization and provides
a framework for setting quality objectives.
Note 2 to entry: Adapted from ISO 9000:2005, definition 3.2.4
4 © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved
3.22
quality objective
something sought, or aimed for, related to quality
Note 1 to entry: Quality objectives are generally based on the laboratory’s quality policy.
Note 2 to entry: Quality objectives are generally specified for relevant functions and levels in the organization.
Note 3 to entry: Adapted from ISO 9000:2005, definition 3.2.5.
3.23
referral laboratory
external laboratory to which a sample is submitted for examination
Note 1 to entry: A referral laboratory is one to which laboratory management chooses to submit a sample or sub-
sample for examination or when routine examinations cannot be carried out. This differs from a laboratory that
may include public health, forensics, tumour registry, or a central (parent) facility to which submission of samples
is required by structure or regulation.
3.24
sample
one or more parts taken from a primary sample
EXAMPLE A volume of serum taken from a larger volume of serum.
3.25
turnaround time
elapsed time between two specified points through pre-examination, examination and post-examination
processes
3.26
validation
confirmation, through the provision of objective evidence, that the requirements for a specific intended
use or application have been fulfilled
Note 1 to entry: The term “validated” is used to designate the corresponding status.
Note 2 to entry: Adapted from ISO 9000:2005, definition 3.8.5.
3.27
verification
confirmation, through provision of objective evidence, that specified requirements have been fulfilled
Note 1 to entry: The term “verified” is used to designate the corresponding status.
Note 2 to entry: Confirmation can comprise activities such as
— performing alternative calculations,
— comparing a new design specification with a similar proven design specification,
— undertaking tests and demonstrations, and
— reviewing documents prior to issue.
[SOURCE: ISO 9000:2005, definition 3.8.4]
4 Management requirements
4.1 Organization and management responsibility
4.1.1 Organization
4.1.1.1 General
The medical laboratory (hereinafter referred to as ‘the laboratory’) shall meet the requirements of this
International Standard when carrying out work at its permanent facilities, or in associated or mobile
facilities.
4.1.1.2 Legal entity
The laboratory or the organization of which the laboratory is a part shall be an entity that can be held
legally responsible for its activities.
4.1.1.3 Ethical conduct
Laboratory management shall have arrangements in place to ensure the following:
a) there is no involvement in any activities that would diminish confidence in the laboratory’s
competence, impartiality, judgement or operational integrity;
b) management and personnel are free from any undue commercial, financial, or other pressures and
influences that may adversely affect the quality of their work;
c) where potential conflicts in competing interests may exist, they shall be openly and appropriately
declared;
d) there are appropriate procedures to ensure that staff treat human samples, tissues or remains
according to relevant legal requirements;
e) confidentiality of information is maintained.
4.1.1.4 Laboratory director
The laboratory shall be directed by a person or persons with the competence and delegated responsibility
for the services provided.
The responsibilities of the laboratory director shall include professional, scientific, consultative or
advisory, organizational, administrative and educational matters relevant to the services offered by the
laboratory.
The laboratory director may delegate selected duties and/or responsibilities to qualified personnel;
however, the laboratory director shall maintain the ultimate responsibility for the overall operation
and administration of the laboratory.
The duties and responsibilities of the laboratory director shall be documented.
The laboratory director (or the designates for delegated duties) shall have the necessary competence,
authority and resources in order to fulfil the requirements of this International Standard.
The laboratory director (or designate/s) shall:
a) provide effective leadership of the medical laboratory service, including budget planning and
financial management, in accordance with institutional assignment of such responsibilities;
6 © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved
b) relate and function effectively with applicable accrediting and regulatory agencies, appropriate
administrative officials, the healthcare community, and the patient population served, and providers
of formal agreements, when required;
c) ensure that there are appropriate numbers of staff with the required education, training and
competence to provide medical laboratory services that meet the needs and requirements of the
users;
d) ensure the implementation of the quality policy;
e) implement a safe laboratory environment in compliance with good practice and applicable
requirements;
f) serve as a contributing member of the medical staff for those facilities served, if applicable and
appropriate;
g) ensure the provision of clinical advice with respect to the choice of examinations, use of the service
and interpretation of examination results;
h) select and monitor laboratory suppliers;
i) select referral laboratories and monitor the quality of their service (see also 4.5);
j) provide professional development programmes for laboratory staff and opportunities to participate
in scientific and other activities of professional laboratory organizations;
k) define, implement and monitor standards of performance and quality improvement of the medical
laboratory service or services;
NOTE This may be done within the context of the various quality improvement committees of the parent
organization, as appropriate, where applicable.
l) monitor all work performed in the laboratory to determine that clinically relevant information is
being generated;
m) address any complaint, request or suggestion from staff and/or users of laboratory services (see
also 4.8, 4.14.3 and 4.14.4);
n) design and implement a contingency plan to ensure that essential services are available during
emergency situations or other conditions when laboratory services are limited or unavailable;
NOTE Contingency plans should be periodically tested.
o) plan and direct research and development, where appropriate.
4.1.2 Management responsibility
4.1.2.1 Management commitment
Laboratory management shall provide evidence of its commitment to the development and
implementation of the quality management system and continually improve its effectiveness by:
a) communicating to laboratory personnel the importance of meeting the needs and requirements of
users (see 4.1.2.2) as well as regulatory and accreditation requirements;
b) establishing the quality policy (see 4.1.2.3);
c) ensuring that quality objectives and planning are established (see 4.1.2.4);
d) defining responsibilities, authorities and interrelationships of all personnel (see 4.1.2.5);
e) establishing communication processes (see 4.1.2.6);
f) appointing a quality manager, however named (see 4.1.2.7);
g) conducting management reviews (see 4.15);
h) ensuring that all personnel are competent to perform their assigned activities (see 5.1.6);
i) ensuring availability of adequate resources (see 5.1, 5.2 and 5.3) to enable the proper conduct of
pre-examination, examination and post-examination activities (see 5.4, 5,5, and 5.7).
4.1.2.2 Needs of users
Laboratory management shall ensure that laboratory services, including appropriate advisory and
interpretative services, meet the needs of patients and those using the laboratory services. (see also 4.4
and 4.14.3).
4.1.2.3 Quality policy
Laboratory management shall define the intent of its quality management system in a quality policy.
Laboratory management shall ensure that the quality policy:
a) is appropriate to the purpose of the organization;
b) includes a commitment to good professional practice, examinations that are fit for intended use,
compliance with the requirements of this International Standard, and continual improvement of the
quality of laboratory services;
c) provides a framework for establishing and reviewing quality objectives;
d) is communicated and understood within the organization;
e) is reviewed for continuing suitability.
4.1.2.4 Quality objectives and planning
Laboratory management shall establish quality objectives, including those needed to meet the needs
and requirements of the users, at relevant functions and levels within the organization. The quality
objectives shall be measurable and consistent with the quality policy.
Laboratory management shall ensure that planning of the quality management system is carried out to
meet the requirements (see 4.2) and the quality objectives.
Laboratory management shall ensure that the integrity of the quality management system is maintained
when changes to the quality management system are planned and implemented.
4.1.2.5 Responsibility, authority and interrelationships
Laboratory management shall ensure that responsibilities, authorities and interrelationships are
defined, documented and communicated within the laboratory organization. This shall include the
appointment of person(s) responsible for each laboratory function and appointment of deputies for key
managerial and technical personnel.
NOTE It is recognized that in smaller laboratories individuals can have more than one function and that it
could be impractical to appoint deputies for every function.
4.1.2.6 Communication
Laboratory management shall have an effective means for communicating with staff (see also 4.14.4).
Records shall be kept of items discussed in communications and meetings.
Laboratory management shall ensure that appropriate communication processes are established
between the laboratory and its stakeholders and that communication takes place regarding the
8 © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved
effectiveness of the laboratory’s pre-examination, examination and post-examination processes and
quality management system.
4.1.2.7 Quality manager
Laboratory management shall appoint a quality manager who shall have, irrespective of other
responsibilities, delegated responsibility and authority that includes:
a) ensuring that processes needed for the quality management system are established, implemented,
and maintained;
b) reporting to laboratory management, at the level at which decisions are made on laboratory policy,
objectives, and resources, on the performance of the quality management system and any need for
improvement;
c) ensuring the promotion of awareness of users’ needs and requirements throughout the laboratory
organization.
4.2 Quality management system
4.2.1 General requirements
The laboratory shall establish, document, implement and maintain a quality management system and
continually improve its effectiveness in accordance with the requirements of this International Standard.
The quality management system shall provide for the integration of all processes required to fulfil its
quality policy and objectives and meet the needs and requirements of the users.
The laboratory shall:
a) determine the processes needed for the quality management system and ensure their application
throughout the laboratory;
b) determine the sequence and interaction of these processes;
c) determine criteria and methods needed to ensure that both the operation and control of these
processes are effective;
d) ensure the availability of resources and information necessary to support the operation and
monitoring of these processes;
e) monitor and evaluate these processes;
f) implement actions necessary to achieve planned results and continual improvement of these
processes.
4.2.2 Documentation requirements
4.2.2.1 General
The quality management system documentation shall include:
a) statements of a quality policy (see 4.1.2.3) and quality objectives (see 4.1.2.4);
b) a quality manual (see 4.2.2.2);
c) procedures and records required by this International Standard;
d) documents, and records (see 4.13), determined by the laboratory to ensure the effective planning,
operation and control of its processes;
e) copies of applicable regulations, standards and other normative documents.
NOTE The documentation can be in any form or type of medium, providing it is readily accessible and
protected from unauthorized changes and undue deterioration.
4.2.2.2 Quality manual
The laboratory shall establish and maintain a quality manual that includes:
a) the quality policy (4.1.2.3) or makes reference to it;
b) a description of the scope of the quality management system;
c) a presentation of the organization and management structure of the laboratory and its place in any
parent organization;
d) a description of the roles and responsibilities of laboratory management (including the laboratory
director and quality manager) for ensuring compliance with this International Standard;
e) a description of the structure and relationships of the documentation used in the quality management
system;
f) the documented policies established for the quality management system and reference to the
managerial and technical activities that support them.
All laboratory staff shall have access to and be instructed on the use and application of the quality
manual and the referenced documents.
4.3 Document control
The laboratory shall control documents required by the quality management system and shall ensure
that unintended use of any obsolete document is prevented.
NOTE 1 Documents that should be considered for document control are those that may vary based on
changes in versions or time. Examples include policy statements, instructions for use, flow charts, procedures,
specifications, forms, calibration tables, biological reference intervals and their origins, charts, posters, notices,
memoranda, software documentation, drawings, plans, agreements, and documents of external origin such as
regulations, standards and text books from which examination procedures are taken.
NOTE 2 Records contain information from a particular point in time stating results achieved or providing
evidence of activities performed and are maintained according to the requirements given in 4.13, Control of
records.
The laboratory shall have a documented procedure to ensure that the following conditions are met.
a) All documents, including those maintained in a computerized system, issued as part of the quality
management system are reviewed and approved by authorized personnel before issue.
b) All documents are identified to include:
— a title;
— a unique identifier on each page;
— the date of the current edition and/or edition number;
— page number to total number of pages (e.g. “Page 1 of 5,” “Page 2 of 5,”);
— authority for issue.
NOTE ‘Edition’ is used to mean one of a number of printings issued at separate times that incorporates
alterations and amendments. ‘Edition’ can be regarded as synonymous with ‘revision or version’.
10 © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved
c) Current authorized editions and their distribution are identified by means of a list (e.g. document
register, log or master index).
d) Only current, authorized editions of applicable documents are available at points of use.
e) Where a laboratory’s document control system allows for the amendment of documents by hand,
pending the re-issue of documents, the procedures and authorities for such amendments are
defined, amendments are clearly marked, initialled and dated, and a revised document is issued
within a specified time period.
f) Changes to documents are identified.
g) Documents remain legible.
h) Documents are periodically reviewed and updated at a frequency that ensures that they remain fit
for purpose.
i) Obsolete controlled documents are dated and marked as obsolete.
j) At least one copy of an obsolete controlled document is retained for a specified time period or in
accordance with applicable specified requirements.
4.4 Service agreements
4.4.1 Establishment of service agreements
The laboratory shall have documented procedures for the establishment and review of agreements for
providing medical laboratory services.
Each request accepted by the laboratory for examination(s) shall be considered an agreement.
Agreements to provide medical laboratory services shall take into account the request, the examination
and the report. The agreement shall specify the information needed on the request to ensure appropriate
examination and result interpretation.
The following conditions shall be met when the laboratory enters into an agreement to provide medical
laboratory services.
a) The requirements of the customers and users, and of the provider of the laboratory services,
including the examination processes to be used, shall be defined, documented and understood (see
5.4.2 and 5.5).
b) The laboratory shall have the capability and resources to meet the requirements.
c) Laboratory personnel shall have the skills and expertise necessary for the performance of the
intended examinations.
d) Examination procedures selected shall be appropriate and able to meet the customers’ needs (see
5.5.1).
e) Customers and users shall be informed of deviations from the agreement that impact upon the
examination results.
f) Reference shall be made to any work referred by the laboratory to a referral laboratory or consultant.
NOTE 1 Customers and users may include clinicians, health care organizations, third party payment
organizations or agencies, pharmaceutical companies, and patients.
NOTE 2 Where patients are customers (e.g. when patients have the ability to directly request examinations),
changes in service should be reflected in explanatory information and laboratory reports.
NOTE 3 Laboratories should not enter into financial arrangements with referring practitioners or funding
agencies where those arrangements act as an inducement for the referral of examinations or patients or interfere
with the practitioner’s independent assessment of what is best for the patient.
4.4.2 Review of service agreements
Reviews of agreements to provide medical laboratory services shall include all aspects of the agreement.
Records of these reviews shall include any changes to the agreement and any pertinent discussions.
When an agreement needs to be amended after laboratory services have commenced, the same agreement
review process shall be repeated and any amendments shall be communicated to all affected parties.
4.5 Examination by referral laboratories
4.5.1 Selecting and evaluating referral laboratories and consultants
The laboratory shall have a documented procedure for selecting and evaluating referral laboratories
and consultants who provide opinions as well as interpretation for complex testing in any discipline.
The procedure shall ensure that the following conditions are met.
a) The laboratory, with the advice of users of laboratory services where appropriate, is responsible for
selecting the referral laboratory and referral consultants, monitoring the quality of performance
and ensuring that the referral laboratories or referral consultants are competent to perform the
requested examinations.
b) Arrangements with referral laboratories and consultants are reviewed and evaluated periodically
to ensure that the relevant parts of this International Standard are met.
c) Records of such periodic reviews are maintained.
d) A register of all referral laboratories, and consultants from whom opinions are sought, is maintained.
e) Requests and results of all samples referred are kept for a pre-defined period.
4.5.2 Provision of examination results
Unless otherwise specified in the agreement, the referring laboratory (and not the referral laboratory)
shall be responsible for ensuring that examination results of the referral laboratory are provided to the
person making the request.
When the referring laboratory prepares the report, it shall include all essential elements of the
results reported by the referral laboratory or consultant, without alterations that could affect clinical
interpretation. The report shall indicate which examinations were performed by a referral laboratory
or consultant.
The author of any additional remarks shall be clearly identified.
Laboratories shall adopt the most appropriate means of reporting referral laboratory results, taking
into account turnaround times, measurement accuracy, transcription processes and interpretative skill
requirements. In cases where the correct interpretation and application of examination results needs
collaboration between clinicians and specialists from both referring and referral laboratories, this
process shall not be hindered by commercial or financial considerations.
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 15189
Redline version
compares third edition
to second edition
Medical laboratories — Requirements
for quality and competence
Laboratoires de biologie médicale — Exigences concernant la qualité
et la compétence
Reference number
ISO 15189:redline:2014(E)
©
ISO 2014
ISO 15189:redline:2014(E)
IMPORTANT — PLEASE NOTE
This is a mark-up copy and uses the following colour coding:
Text example 1 — indicates added text (in green)
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— indicates added graphic figure
— indicates removed graphic figure
1.x . — Heading numbers containg modifications are highlighted in yellow in
the Table of Contents
DISCLAIMER
This Redline version provides you with a quick and easy way to compare the main changes
between this edition of the standard and its previous edition. It doesn’t capture all single
changes such as punctuation but highlights the modifications providing customers with
the most valuable information. Therefore it is important to note that this Redline version is
not the official ISO standard and that the users must consult with the clean version of the
standard, which is the official standard, for implementation purposes.
© ISO 2014
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
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Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved
ISO 15189:redline:2014(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Management requirement requirements. 6
4.1 Organization and management responsibility . 6
4.2 Quality management system .10
4.3 Document control .13
4.4 Review of contracts Service agreements .15
4.5 Examination by referral laboratories .16
4.6 External services and supplies .17
4.7 Advisory services .18
4.8 Resolution of complaints .18
4.9 Identification and control of nonconformities .18
4.10 Corrective action .20
4.11 Preventive action .20
4.12 Continual improvement .21
4.13 Quality and technical Control of records .22
4.14 Internal Evaluation and audits .24
4.15 Management review .26
5 Technical requirements .27
5.1 Personnel .27
5.2 Accommodation and environmental conditions .31
5.3 Laboratory equipment, reagents, and consumables .33
5.4 Pre-examination procedures processes .39
5.5 Examination procedures processes .44
5.6 Assuring Ensuring quality of examination procedures results .48
5.7 Post-examination procedures processes .51
5.8 Reporting of results .51
5.9 Release of results .54
5.10 Laboratory information management .56
Annex A (informative) Correlation with ISO 9001:2000 2008 and ISO/IEC 17025:2005 .58
Annex B (informative) Recommendations for protection of laboratory information
systems (LIS) .65
Annex C B (informative) Ethics in laboratory Comparison of ISO 15189:2007 medicine to
Bibliography .76
ISO 15189:redline:2014(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies
casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 15189 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 212, Clinical laboratory testing and in vitro
diagnostic test systems.
This secondthird edition cancels and replaces the firstsecond edition (ISO 15189:20032007), which has
been technically revised in order to align it more closely with the second edition of ISO/IEC 17025.
A correlation between the second and third editions of this International Standard is provided as
Annex B. The third edition continues the alignment established in ISO/IEC 17025:2005.
iv © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved
ISO 15189:redline:2014(E)
Introduction
This International Standard, based upon ISO/IEC 17025 and ISO 9001, providesspecifies requirements
1)
for competence and quality that are particular to medical laboratories . It is acknowledged that a
country could have its own specific regulations or requirements applicable to some or all its professional
personnel and their activities and responsibilities in this domain.
Medical laboratory services are essential to patient care and therefore have to be available to meet the
needs of all patients and the clinical personnel responsible for the care of those patients. Such services
include arrangements for requisitionexamination requests, patient preparation, patient identification,
collection of samples, transportation, storage, processing and examination of clinical samples, together
with subsequent validation, interpretation, reporting and advice, in addition to the considerations of
safety and ethics in medical laboratory work.
Whenever allowed by national regulations, regional or local regulations and requirements, it is
desirable that medical laboratory services include the examination of patients in consultation cases,
and that those services actively participate in the prevention of disease in addition to diagnosis and
patient management. Each laboratory oughtshould also to provide suitable educational and scientific
opportunities for professional staff working with it.
While this International Standard is intended for use throughout the currently recognisedrecognized
disciplines of medical laboratory services, those working in other services and disciplines such as
clinical physiology, medical imaging and medical physics could also find it useful and appropriate. In
addition, bodies engaged in the recognition of the competence of medical laboratories will be able to use
this International Standard as the basis for their activities. If a laboratory seeks accreditation, it should
select an accrediting body which operates to appropriate international standardsin accordance with
ISO/IEC 17011 and which takes into account the particular requirements of medical laboratories.
Demonstrated conformity toThis International Standard is not intended to be used for the purposes of
certification, however a medical laboratory’s fulfilment of the requirements of this International Standard
does not imply conformity of the quality management system within which the laboratory operates
to allmeans the laboratory meets both the technical competence requirements and the management
system requirements that are necessary for it to consistently deliver technically valid results. The
management system requirements in Clause 4the requirements are written in a language relevant to a
medical laboratory’s operations and meet the principles of ISO 9001:2008., This International Standard is
notQuality management systems — Requirements intended to be used for the purposes of certification,
and are aligned with its pertinent requirements (Joint IAF-ILAC-ISO Communiqué issued in 2009).
The correlation between the clauses and subclauses of this secondthird edition of ISO 15189 and those
of ISO 9001:20002008 and of ISO/IEC 17025:2005 is detailed in Annex A of this International Standard.
Environmental issues associated with medical laboratory activity are generally addressed throughout
this International Standard, with specific references in 5.2.2, 5.2.6, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5.1.4 and 5.7.
1) In other languages, these laboratories can be designated by the equivalent of the English term “clinical
laboratories.”
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 15189:redline:2014(E)
Medical laboratories — Requirements for quality and
competence
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies requirements for quality and competence particular to medical
laboratories.
This International Standard specifies requirements for quality and competence in medical laboratories.
This International Standard is for use by medical laboratories in developing their quality management
systems and assessing their own competence, and for use by accreditation bodies in confirming or
recognising the competence of medical laboratories.
This International Standard can be used by medical laboratories in developing their quality management
systems and assessing their own competence. It can also be used for confirming or recognizing the competence
of medical laboratories by laboratory customers, regulating authorities and accreditation bodies.
NOTE International, national or regional regulations or requirements may also apply to specific topics
covered in this International Standard.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 31 /IEC 17000 (all parts) , Quantities and units Conformity assessment — Vocabulary and general principles
ISO 9000:2005, Quality management systems — Fundamentals and vocabulary
ISO 9001:2000 /IEC 17025:2005, Quality management systems — Requirements General requirements for
the competence of testing and calibration laboratories
ISO/IEC Guide 43-1 2, Proficiency testing by interlaboratory comparisons — Part 1: Development and
operation of proficiency testing schemes Standardization and related activities — General vocabulary
ISO/IEC 17025:2005 Guide 99, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration
laboratories International vocabulary of metrology — Basic and general concepts and associated terms (VIM)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 17000,
ISO/IEC Guide 2 and ISO/IEC Guide 99 and the following apply.
3.1
accreditation
procedure by which an authoritative body gives formal recognition that a body or person an organization
is competent to carry out specific tasks
ISO 15189:redline:2014(E)
3.2
accuracy of measurement alert interval
critical interval
closeness of the agreement between the result of a measurement and a true value of the
measurand interval of examination results for an alert (critical) test that indicates an immediate risk
to the patient of injury or death
[SOURCE: VIM:1993, definition 3.5]
Note 1 to entry: The interval may be open ended, where only a threshold is defined.
Note 2 to entry: The laboratory determines the appropriate list of alert tests for its patients and users.
3.3
automated selection and reporting of results
process by which patient examination results are sent to the laboratory information system and
compared with laboratory-defined acceptance criteria, and in which results that fall within the defined
criteria are automatically included in patient report formats without any additional intervention
3.3 3.4
biological reference interval
reference interval
central 95 % specified interval of the distribution of reference values values taken from a biological
reference population
Note 1 to entry: This supersedes such incorrectly used terms as “normal range”.
EXAMPLE The central 95 % biological reference interval for sodium ion concentration values in serum from
a population of presumed healthy male and female adults is 135 mmol/l to 145 mmol/l.
Note 2 to entry: It is an arbitrary but common convention to define the reference interval A reference interval is
commonly defined as the central 95 % interval. Another size or an asymmetrical location of the reference interval
could be more appropriate in particular cases. See [13] in the Bibliography.
Note 3 to entry: A reference interval can depend upon the type of primary samples and the examination
procedure used.
Note 4 to entry: In some cases, only one biological reference limit is important, for example, an upper limit, x, so
that the corresponding biological reference interval would be less than or equal to x.
Note 5 to entry: Terms such as ‘normal range’, ‘normal values’, and ‘clinical range’ are ambiguous and
therefore discouraged.
3.5
competence
demonstrated ability to apply knowledge and skills
Note 1 to entry: The concept of competence is defined in a generic sense in this International Standard. The word
usage can be more specific in other ISO documents.
[ISO 9000:2005, definition 3.1.6]
3.6
documented procedure
specified way to carry out an activity or a process that is documented, implemented and maintained
Note 1 to entry: The requirement for a documented procedure may be addressed in a single document or by more
than one document.
Note 2 to entry: Adapted from ISO 9000:2005, definition 3.4.5.
2 © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved
ISO 15189:redline:2014(E)
3.4 3.7
examination
set of operations having the object of determining the value or characteristics of a property
Note 1 to entry: In some disciplines (e.g. microbiology) an examination is the total activity of a number of tests,
observations or measurements.
Note 2 to entry: Laboratory examinations that determine a value of a property are called quantitative examinations;
those that determine the characteristics of a property are called qualitative examinations.
Note 3 to entry: Laboratory examinations are also often called assays or tests.
3.5 3.8
laboratory capability interlaboratory comparison
physical, environmental and information resources, personnel, skills and expertise available for the
examinations in question organization, performance and evaluation of measurements or tests on the
same or similar items by two or more laboratories in accordance with predetermined conditions
Note 1 to entry: A review of laboratory capability could include results of earlier participation in interlaboratory
comparisons or external quality assessment schemes or the running of trial examination programmes, or all
these, in order to demonstrate uncertainties of measurement, limits of detection, etc.
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 17043:2010, definition 3.4]
3.6 3.9
laboratory director
competent person(s) with responsibility for, and authority over, a laboratory
Note 1 to entry: For the purposes of this International Standard, the person or persons referred to are designated
collectively as “ laboratory director” .
Note 2 to entry: National, regional and local regulations may apply with regard to qualifications and training.
3.7 3.10
laboratory management
person(s) who direct and manage the activities of a laboratory headed by a laboratory director
Note 1 to entry: The term ‘laboratory management’ is synonymous with the term ‘top management’ in
ISO 9000:2005.
3.8
measurement
set of operations having the object of determining a value of a quantity
[SOURCE: VIM:1993, definition 2.1]
3.9 3.11
medical laboratory
clinical laboratory
laboratory for the biological, microbiological, immunological, chemical, immunohaematological,
haematological, biophysical, cytological, pathological, genetic or other examination of materials
derived from the human body for the purpose of providing information for the diagnosis, management,
prevention and treatment of disease in, or assessment of the health of, human beings, and which may
provide a consultant advisory service covering all aspects of laboratory investigation including the
interpretation of results and advice on further appropriate investigation
Note 1 to entry: These examinations also include procedures for determining, measuring or otherwise describing
the presence or absence of various substances or micro-organisms. Facilities which only collect or prepare
specimens, or act as a mailing or distribution centre, are not considered to be medical or clinical laboratories,
although they may be part of a larger laboratory network or system. microorganisms.
ISO 15189:redline:2014(E)
3.12
nonconformity
nonfulfillment of a requirement [ISO 9000:2005, definition 3.6.2].
Note 1 to entry: Other terms frequently used include: accident, adverse event, error, event, incident, and occurrence.
3.13
point-of-care testing
POCT
near-patient testing
testing performed near or at the site of a patient, with the result leading to possible change in the care
of the patient
[SOURCE: ISO 22870:2006, definition 3.1]
3.10 3.14
post-examination procedures processes
postanalytical phase
processes following the examination including systematic review, formatting and interpretation,
authorization for release, reporting and transmission of the results, and storage of samples of the
examinations review of results, retention and storage of clinical material, sample (and waste) disposal,
and formatting, releasing, reporting and retention of examination results
3.11 3.15
pre-examination procedures processes
preanalytical phase
steps starting processes that start, in chronological order, from the clinician’s clinician’s request and
including include the examination requisition request, preparation and identification of the patient,
collection of the primary sample(s), and transportation to and within the laboratory, and ending end
when the analytical examination procedure begins
3.12 3.16
primary sample
specimen
set of discrete portion of a body fluid, breath, hair or tissue taken for examination, study or analysis of
one or more parts initially taken from a system quantities or properties assumed to apply for the whole
Note 1 to entry: Global Harmonisation Task Force (GHTF) uses the term specimen in its harmonized guidance
documents to mean a sample of biological origin intended for examination by a medical laboratory.
Note 2 to entry: In some ISO and CEN documents, a specimen is defined as “a biological sample derived from
the human body”.
Note 3 to entry: In some countries, the term “specimen” is used instead of primary sample (or a subsample of it),
which is the sample prepared for sending to, or as received by, the laboratory and which is intended for examination.
3.17
process
set of interrelated or interacting activities which transform inputs into outputs
Note 1 to entry: Inputs to a process are generally outputs of other processes.
Note 2 to entry: Adapted from ISO 9000:2005, definition 3.4.1.
3.13 3.18
quantity quality
attribute of a phenomenon, body or substance that may be distinguished qualitatively and determined
quantitatively degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfils requirements
[SOURCE: VIM:1993, definition 1.1]
Note 1 to entry: The term “quality” can be used with adjectives such as poor, good or excellent.
4 © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved
ISO 15189:redline:2014(E)
Note 2 to entry: “Inherent”, as opposed to “assigned”, means existing in something, especially as a permanent
characteristic.
[ISO 9000:2005, definition 3.1.1]
3.19
quality indicator
measure of the degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfils requirements
Note 1 to entry: Measure can be expressed, for example, as % yield (% within specified requirements), % defects
(% outside specified requirements), defects per million occasions (DPMO) or on the Six Sigma scale.
Note 2 to entry: Quality indicators can measure how well an organization meets the needs and requirements of
users and the quality of all operational processes.
EXAMPLE If the requirement is to receive all urine samples in the laboratory uncontaminated, the number
of contaminated urine samples received as a % of all urine samples received (the inherent characteristic of the
process) is a measure of the quality of the process.
3.14 3.20
quality management system
management system to direct and control an organization with regard to quality
[SOURCE: ISO 9000:2005, definition 3.2.3]
Note 1 to entry: For the purposes of this International standard, the “quality” The term “quality management
system” referred to in this definition relates to matters of both management and technical competence general
management activities, the provision and management of resources, the pre-examination, examination and post-
examination processes and evaluation and continual improvement.
Note 2 to entry: Adapted from ISO 9000:2005, definition 3.2.3.
3.21
quality policy
overall intentions and direction of a laboratory related to quality as formally expressed by laboratory
management
Note 1 to entry: Generally the quality policy is consistent with the overall policy of an organization and provides
a framework for setting quality objectives.
Note 2 to entry: Adapted from ISO 9000:2005, definition 3.2.4
3.22
quality objective
something sought, or aimed for, related to quality
Note 1 to entry: Quality objectives are generally based on the laboratory’s quality policy.
Note 2 to entry: Quality objectives are generally specified for relevant functions and levels in the organization.
Note 3 to entry: Adapted from ISO 9000:2005, definition 3.2.5.
3.15 3.23
referral laboratory
external laboratory to which a sample is submitted for a supplementary or confirmatory examination
procedure and report examination
Note 1 to entry: A referral laboratory is one to which laboratory management chooses to submit a sample or sub-
sample for examination or when routine examinations cannot be carried out. This differs from a laboratory that
may include public health, forensics, tumour registry, or a central (parent) facility to which submission of samples
is required by structure or regulation.
ISO 15189:redline:2014(E)
3.16 3.24
sample
one or more parts taken from a system and intended to provide information on the system, often to
serve as a basis for decision on the system or its production primary sample
EXAMPLE A volume of serum taken from a larger volume of serum.
3.17 3.25
traceability turnaround time
property of the result of a measurement or the value of a standard whereby it can be related to stated
references, usually national or international standards, through an unbroken chain of comparisons
all having stated uncertainties elapsed time between two specified points through pre-examination,
examination and post-examination processes
[SOURCE: VIM:1993, definition 6.10]
3.18 3.26
trueness of measurement validation
closeness of agreement between the average value obtained from a large series of results of measurements
and a true value confirmation, through the provision of objective evidence, that the requirements for a
specific intended use or application have been fulfilled
Note 1 to entry: The term “validated” is used to designate the corresponding status.
Note 2 to entry: Adapted from ISO 3534-1:1993, definition 3.12ISO 9000:2005, definition 3.8.5.
3.19 3.27
uncertainty of measurement verification
parameter, associated with the result of a measurement, that characterizes the dispersion of the values
that could reasonably be attributed to the measurand confirmation, through provision of objective
evidence, that specified requirements have been fulfilled
[SOURCE: VIM:1993, definition 3.9]
Note 1 to entry: The term “verified” is used to designate the corresponding status.
Note 2 to entry: Confirmation can comprise activities such as
— performing alternative calculations,
— comparing a new design specification with a similar proven design specification,
— undertaking tests and demonstrations, and
— reviewing documents prior to issue.
[ISO 9000:2005, definition 3.8.4]
4 Management requirement requirements
4.1 Organization and management responsibility
The medical laboratory or the organization of which the laboratory is a part shall be legally identifiable.
4.1.1 Organization
4.1.1.1 General
The medical laboratory (hereinafter referred to as ‘the laboratory’) shall meet the requirements of this
International Standard when carrying out work at its permanent facilities, or in associated or mobile facilities.
6 © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved
ISO 15189:redline:2014(E)
4.1.1.2 Legal entity
The laboratory or the organization of which the laboratory is a part shall be an entity that can be held
legally responsible for its activities.
4.1.1.3 Ethical conduct
Laboratory management shall have arrangements in place to ensure the following:
a) there is no involvement in any activities that would diminish confidence in the laboratory’s
competence, impartiality, judgement or operational integrity;
b) management and personnel are free from any undue commercial, financial, or other pressures and
influences that may adversely affect the quality of their work;
c) where potential conflicts in competing interests may exist, they shall be openly and appropriately
declared;
d) there are appropriate procedures to ensure that staff treat human samples, tissues or remains
according to relevant legal requirements;
e) confidentiality of information is maintained.
4.1.1.4 Laboratory director
The laboratory shall be directed by a person or persons with the competence and delegated responsibility
for the services provided.
The responsibilities of the laboratory director shall include professional, scientific, consultative or advisory,
organizational, administrative and educational matters relevant to the services offered by the laboratory.
The laboratory director may delegate selected duties and/or responsibilities to qualified personnel;
however, the laboratory director shall maintain the ultimate responsibility for the overall operation
and administration of the laboratory.
The duties and responsibilities of the laboratory director shall be documented.
The laboratory director (or the designates for delegated duties) shall have the necessary competence,
authority and resources in order to fulfil the requirements of this International Standard.
The laboratory director (or designate/s) shall:
a) provide effective leadership of the medical laboratory service, including budget planning and
financial management, in accordance with institutional assignment of such responsibilities;
b) relate and function effectively with applicable accrediting and regulatory agencies, appropriate
administrative officials, the healthcare community, and the patient population served, and providers
of formal agreements, when required;
c) ensure that there are appropriate numbers of staff with the required education, training and
competence to provide medical laboratory services that meet the needs and requirements of the users;
d) ensure the implementation of the quality policy;
e) implement a safe laboratory environment in compliance with good practice and applicable
requirements;
f) serve as a contributing member of the medical staff for those facilities served, if applicable and
appropriate;
g) ensure the provision of clinical advice with respect to the choice of examinations, use of the service
and interpretation of examination results;
ISO 15189:redline:2014(E)
h) select and monitor laboratory suppliers;
i) select referral laboratories and monitor the quality of their service (see also 4.5);
j) provide professional development programmes for laboratory staff and opportunities to participate
in scientific and other activities of professional laboratory organizations;
k) define, implement and monitor standards of performance and quality improvement of the medical
laboratory service or services;
NOTE This may be done within the context of the various quality improvement committees of the parent
organization, as appropriate, where applicable.
l) monitor all work performed in the laboratory to determine that clinically relevant information is
being generated;
m) address any complaint, request or suggestion from staff and/or users of laboratory services (see
also 4.8, 4.14.3 and 4.14.4);
n) design and implement a contingency plan to ensure that essential services are available during
emergency situations or other conditions when laboratory services are limited or unavailable;
NOTE Contingency plans should be periodically tested.
o) plan and direct research and development, where appropriate.
Medical laboratory services, including appropriate interpretation and advisory services, shall be designed
to meet the needs of patients and all clinical personnel responsible for patient care.
The medical laboratory (hereafter referred to as “the laboratory”) shall meet the relevant requirements of
this International Standard when carrying out work in its permanent facilities, or at sites other than the
permanent facilities for which it is responsible.
The responsibilities of personnel in the laboratory with an involvement or influence on the examination
of primary samples shall be defined in order to identify conflicts of interest. Financial or political
considerations (e.g. inducements) should not influence testing.
Laboratory management shall have responsibility for the design, implementation, maintenance and
improvement of the quality management system. This shall include the following:
4.1.5 4.1.2 Management responsibility
a) management support of all laboratory personnel by providing them with the appropriate authority
and resources to carry out their duties;
b) arrangements to ensure that management and personnel are free from any undue internal and
external commercial, financial or other pressures and influences that may adversely affect the
quality of their work;
c) policies and procedures for ensuring the protection of confidential information (see Annex C);
d) policies and procedures for avoiding involvement in any activities that would diminish confidence
in its competence, impartiality, judgement or operational integrity;
e) the organizational and management structure of the laboratory and its relationship to any other
organization with which it may be associated;
f) specified responsibilities, authority and interrelationships of all personnel;
8 © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved
ISO 15189:redline:2014(E)
g) adequate training of all staff and supervision appropriate to their experience and level of
responsibility by competent persons conversant with the purpose, procedures and assessment of
results of the relevant examination procedures;
h) technical management which has overall responsibility for the technical operations and the
provision of resources needed to ensure the required quality of laboratory procedures;
i) appointment of a quality manager (however named) with delegated responsibility and authority to
oversee compliance with the requirements of the quality management system, who shall report directly
to the level of laboratory management at which decisions are made on laboratory policy and resources;
j) appointment of deputies for all key functions, while recognizing that in smaller laboratories
individuals can have more than one function and that it could be impractical to appoint deputies for
every function.
4.1.2.1 Management commitment
Laboratory management shall provide evidence of its commitment to the development and
implementation of the quality management system and continually improve its effectiveness by:
a) communicating to laboratory personnel the importance of meeting the needs and requirements of
users (see 4.1.2.2) as well as regulatory and accreditation requirements;
b) establishing the quality policy (see 4.1.2.3);
c) ensuring that quality objectives and planning are established (see 4.1.2.4);
d) defining responsibilities, authorities and interrelationships of all personnel (see 4.1.2.5);
e) establishing communication processes (see 4.1.2.6);
f) appointing a quality manager, however named (see 4.1.2.7);
g) conducting management reviews (see 4.15);
h) ensuring that all personnel are competent to perform their assigned activities (see 5.1.6);
i) ensuring availability of adequate resources (see 5.1, 5.2 and 5.3) to enable the proper conduct of
pre-examination, examination and post-examination activities (see 5.4, 5,5, and 5.7).
4.1.2.2 Needs of users
Laboratory management shall ensure that laboratory services, including appropriate advisory and
interpretative services, meet the needs of patients and those using the laboratory services. (see also 4.4
and 4.14.3).
4.1.2.3 Quality policy
Laboratory management shall define the intent of its quality management system in a quality policy.
Laboratory management shall ensure that the quality policy:
a) is appropriate to the purpose of the organization;
b) includes a commitment to good professional practice, examinations that are fit for intended use,
compliance with the requirements of this International Standard, and continual improvement of the
quality of laboratory services;
c) provides a framework for establishing and reviewing quality objectives;
d) is communicated and understood within the organization;
e) is reviewed for continuing suitability.
ISO 15189:redline:2014(E)
4.1.2.4 Quality objectives and planning
Laboratory management shall establish quality objectives, including those needed to meet the needs
and requirements of the users, at relevant functions and levels within the organization. The quality
objectives shall be measurable and consistent with the quality policy.
Laboratory management shall ensure that planning of the quality management system is carried out to
meet the requirements (see 4.2) and the quality objectives.
Laboratory management shall ensure that the integrity of the quality management system is maintained
when changes to the quality management system are planned and implemented.
4.1.2.5 Responsibility, authority and interrelationships
Laboratory management shall ensure that responsibilities, authorities and interrelationships are
defined, documented and communicated within the laboratory organization. This shall include the
appointment of person(s) responsible for each laboratory function and appointment of deputies for key
managerial and technical personnel.
NOTE It is recognized that in smaller laboratories individuals can have more than one function and that it
could be impractical to appoint deputies for every function.
4.1.2.6 Communication
Laboratory management shall have an effective means for communicating with staff (see also 4.14.4).
Records shall be kept of items discussed in communications and meetings.
Laboratory management shall ensure that appropriate communication processes are established
between the laboratory and its stakeholders and that communication takes place regarding the
effectiveness of the laboratory’s pre-examination, examination and post-examination processes and
quality management system.
4.1.2.7 Quality manager
Laboratory management shall appoint a quality manager who shall have, irrespective of other
responsibilities, delegated responsibility and authority that includes:
a) ensuring that processes needed for the quality management system are established, implemented,
and maintained;
b) reporting to laboratory management, at the level at which decisions are made on laboratory
policy, objectives, and resources, on the performance of the quality management system and any
need for improvement;
c) ensuring the promotion of awareness of users’ needs and requirements throughout the laboratory
organization.
Laboratory management shall ensure that appropriate communication processes are established within the
laboratory and that communication takes place regarding the effectiveness of the quality management system.
4.2 Quality management system
Policies, processes, programmes, procedures and instructions shall be documented and communicated to
all relevant personnel. The management shall ensure that the documents are understood and implemented.
4.2.2 4.2.1 General requirements
The laboratory shall establish, document, implement and maintain a quality management system and
continually improve its effectiveness in accordance with the requirements of this International Standard.
10 © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved
ISO 15189:redline:2014(E)
The quality management system shall include, but not be limited to, internal quality control and
participation in organized interlaboratory comparisons such as external quality assessment
schemesprovide for the integration of all processes required to fulfil its quality policy and objectives
and meet the needs and requirements of the users.
The laboratory shall:
a) determine the processes needed for the quality management system and ensure their application
throughout the laboratory;
b) determine the sequence and interaction of these processes;
c) determine criteria and methods needed to ensure that both the operation and control of these
processes are effective;
d) ensure the availability of resources and information necessary to support the operation and
monitoring of these processes;
e) monitor and evaluate these processes;
f ) implement actions necessary to achieve planned results and continual improvement of these processes.
Policies and objectives of the quality management system shall be defined in a quality policy statement
under the authority of the laboratory director and documented in a quality manual. This policy shall be
readily available to appropriate personnel, shall be concise and shall include the following:
4.2.3 4.2.2 Documentation requirements
a) the scope of service the laboratory intends to provide;
b) the laboratory management’s statement of the laboratory’s standa
...
PROJET
NORME ISO/FDIS
FINAL
INTERNATIONALE 15189
ISO/TC 212
Laboratoires d’analyses de biologie
Secrétariat: ANSI
médicale — Exigences concernant la
Début de vote:
qualité et la compétence
2012-08-09
Vote clos le:
Medical laboratories — Requirements for quality and competence
2012-10-09
LES DESTINATAIRES DU PRÉSENT PROJET SONT
INVITÉS À PRÉSENTER, AVEC LEURS OBSER-
Veuillez consulter les notes administratives en page iii
VATIONS, NOTIFICATION DES DROITS DE PRO-
PRIÉTÉ DONT ILS AURAIENT ÉVENTUELLEMENT
CONNAISSANCE ET À FOURNIR UNE DOCUMEN-
TATION EXPLICATIVE.
OUTRE LE FAIT D’ÊTRE EXAMINÉS POUR
ÉTABLIR S’ILS SONT ACCEPTABLES À DES FINS
INDUSTRIELLES, TECHNOLOGIQUES ET COM-
Numéro de référence
MERCIALES, AINSI QUE DU POINT DE VUE DES
ISO/FDIS 15189:2012(F)
UTILISATEURS, LES PROJETS DE NORMES
INTERNATIONALES DOIVENT PARFOIS ÊTRE
CONSIDÉRÉS DU POINT DE VUE DE LEUR POSSI-
BILITÉ DE DEVENIR DES NORMES POUVANT
SERVIR DE RÉFÉRENCE DANS LA RÉGLEMENTA-
©
TION NATIONALE. ISO 2012
ISO/FDIS 15189:2012(F)
Notice de droit d’auteur
Ce document de l’ISO est un projet de Norme internationale qui est protégé par les droits d’auteur de l’ISO.
Sauf autorisé par les lois en matière de droits d’auteur du pays utilisateur, aucune partie de ce projet ISO
ne peut être reproduite, enregistrée dans un système d’extraction ou transmise sous quelque forme que
ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie, les enregistrements ou
autres, sans autorisation écrite préalable.
Les demandes d’autorisation de reproduction doivent être envoyées à l’ISO à l’adresse ci-après ou au
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Toute reproduction est soumise au paiement de droits ou à un contrat de licence.
Les contrevenants pourront être poursuivis.
ii © ISO 2012 – Tous droits réservés
ISO/FDIS 15189:2012(F)
TRAITEMENT PARALLÈLE ISO/CEN
Le présent projet final a été élaboré dans le cadre de l’Organisation internationale de normalisation (ISO) et
soumis selon le mode de collaboration sous la direction de l’ISO, tel que défini dans l’Accord de Vienne.
Le projet final a été établi sur la base des observations reçues lors de l’enquête parallèle sur le projet.
Le projet final est par conséquent soumis aux comités membres de l’ISO et aux comités membres du CEN
en parallèle à un vote d’approbation de deux mois au sein de l’ISO et à un vote formel au sein du CEN.
Les votes positifs ne doivent pas être accompagnés d’observations.
Les votes négatifs doivent être accompagnés des arguments techniques pertinents.
ISO/FDIS 15189:2012(F)
Sommaire Page
Avant-propos . v
Introduction .vi
1 Domaine d’application . 1
2 Références normatives . 1
3 Termes et définitions . 1
4 Exigences relatives au management . 6
4.1 Responsabilité en matière d’organisation et de management . 6
4.2 Système de management de la qualité . 9
4.3 Contrats de prestations . 11
4.4 Examens transmis à des laboratoires sous-traitants .12
4.5 Services externes et approvisionnement .12
4.6 Prestation de conseils .13
4.7 Traitement des réclamations .13
4.8 Identification et maîtrise des non-conformités .13
4.9 Actions correctives .14
4.10 Actions préventives .14
4.11 Amélioration continue .14
4.12 Maîtrise des enregistrements .15
4.13 Évaluation et audits .16
4.14 Revue de direction .18
5 Exigences techniques .19
5.1 Personnel .19
5.2 Locaux et conditions environnementales .21
5.3 Matériel de laboratoire, réactifs et consommables .23
5.4 Processus préanalytiques .26
5.5 Processus analytiques .30
5.6 Garantie de qualité des résultats .33
5.7 Processus post-analytiques .35
5.8 Compte rendu des résultats .35
5.9 Diffusion des résultats .37
5.10 Gestion des informations de laboratoire .38
Annexe A (informative) Correspondance avec l’ISO 9001:2008 et l’ISO/CEI 17025:2005 .40
Annexe B (informative) Comparaison entre l’ISO 15189:2007 et l’ISO 15189:2012 .45
Bibliographie .49
iv © ISO 2012 – Tous droits réservés
ISO/FDIS 15189:2012(F)
Avant-propos
L’ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d’organismes nationaux de
normalisation (comités membres de l’ISO). L’élaboration des Normes internationales est en général confiée aux
comités techniques de l’ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude a le droit de faire partie du comité
technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non gouvernementales,
en liaison avec l’ISO participent également aux travaux. L’ISO collabore étroitement avec la Commission
électrotechnique internationale (CEI) en ce qui concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les Normes internationales sont rédigées conformément aux règles données dans les Directives ISO/CEI, Partie 2.
La tâche principale des comités techniques est d’élaborer les Normes internationales. Les projets de Normes
internationales adoptés par les comités techniques sont soumis aux comités membres pour vote. Leur publication
comme Normes internationales requiert l’approbation de 75 % au moins des comités membres votants.
L’attention est appelée sur le fait que certains des éléments du présent document peuvent faire l’objet de droits
de propriété intellectuelle ou de droits analogues. L’ISO ne saurait être tenue pour responsable de ne pas avoir
identifié de tels droits de propriété et averti de leur existence.
L’ISO 15189 a été élaborée par le comité technique ISO/TC 212, Laboratoires d’analyses de biologie médicale
et systèmes de diagnostic in vitro.
Cette troisième édition annule et remplace la deuxième édition (ISO 15189:2007), qui a fait l’objet d’une
révision technique.
Une correspondance entre la seconde et la troisième édition de la présente Norme internationale est donnée
dans l’Annexe B. La troisième édition continue l’alignement établi avec l’ISO/CEI 17025:2005.
ISO/FDIS 15189:2012(F)
Introduction
La présente Norme internationale, fondée sur l’ISO/CEI 17025 et sur l’ISO 9001, spécifie les exigences de
1)
compétence et de qualité propres aux laboratoires de biologie médicale . Il est admis qu’un pays peut avoir ses
propres réglementations ou exigences spécifiques applicables à une partie ou à l’ensemble des professionnels
et à leurs activités et responsabilités dans ce domaine.
Les prestations fournies par les laboratoires de biologie médicale sont essentielles pour les soins prodigués aux
patients. Elles doivent donc satisfaire les besoins à la fois des patients et des cliniciens responsables des soins
prodigués à ces patients. Les prestations des laboratoires incluent la prescription des examens, la préparation
du patient et son identification, le prélèvement d’échantillons, le transport, le stockage, le prétraitement et
l’analyse d’échantillons biologiques, suivis de l’interprétation des résultats, du compte rendu et du conseil, tout
en assurant la sécurité du personnel et le respect de l’éthique.
Lorsque les réglementations nationales, régionales ou locales l’autorisent, il est souhaitable que les prestations
fournies par le laboratoire incluent aussi l’examen du patient dans le cadre de consultations et une participation
active à la prévention aussi bien qu’au diagnostic et à la surveillance des maladies. Il convient également que
chaque laboratoire assure l’éducation et la formation scientifique du personnel concerné.
Bien que la présente Norme internationale soit destinée à être utilisée dans toutes les disciplines effectivement
pratiquées par les laboratoires de biologie médicale, d’autres secteurs et d’autres disciplines (par exemple
physiologie, imagerie médicale et biophysique) peuvent également la juger utile et appropriée. De plus, les
organismes intervenant dans la reconnaissance de la compétence des laboratoires de biologie médicale
pourront utiliser la présente Norme internationale comme base de leurs activités. Si un laboratoire recherche
une accréditation, il convient qu’il choisisse un organisme d’accréditation qui fonctionne conformément à
l’ISO/CEI 17011 et qui tienne compte des exigences particulières aux laboratoires de biologie médicale.
La présente Norme internationale n’est pas destinée à des fins de certification, mais
«Le respect des exigences de la présente Norme internationale par un laboratoire de biologie médicale signifie
que le laboratoire répond à la fois aux exigences relatives aux compétences techniques et aux exigences
relatives au système de management qui sont nécessaires de manière à obtenir en permanence des résultats
techniques valides. Les exigences relatives au système de management dans l’Article 4 sont écrites dans
une langue correspondant aux opérations du laboratoire de biologie médicale et répondent aux principes de
l’ISO 9001:2008, Systèmes de management de la qualité — Exigences et sont alignées avec ses exigences
pertinentes (Communiqué commun IAF-ILAC-ISO publié en 2009).»
Une correspondance entre les articles et les paragraphes de la présente troisième édition de l’ISO 15189, et
ceux de l’ISO 9001:2008 et de l’ISO/CEI 17025:2005 sont détaillés dans l’Annexe A.
Les questions environnementales associées à l’activité des laboratoires de biologie médicale sont généralement
traitées dans la présente Norme internationale, avec des références spécifiques à 5.2.2, 5.2.6, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5.1.3 et 5.7.
1) Dans d’autres langues, ces laboratoires peuvent être désignés en employant l’équivalent de l’anglais «clinical
laboratories».
vi © ISO 2012 – Tous droits réservés
PROJET FINAL DE NORME INTERNATIONALE ISO/FDIS 15189:2012(F)
Laboratoires d’analyses de biologie médicale — Exigences
concernant la qualité et la compétence
1 Domaine d’application
La présente Norme internationale spécifie les exigences de qualité et de compétence applicables aux
laboratoires de biologie médicale.
La présente Norme internationale s’adresse aux laboratoires de biologie médicale qui élaborent leurs systèmes
de management de la qualité et évaluent leur propre compétence. Les clients des laboratoires, les autorités
règlementaires ainsi que les organismes d’accréditation engagés dans des activités de confirmation ou de
reconnaissance de la compétence des laboratoires de biologie médicale peuvent également s’y référer.
La présente Norme internationale n’est pas destinée à des fins de certification des laboratoires.
NOTE Les réglementations ou exigences internationales, nationales ou régionales peuvent également s’appliquer à
des sujets spécifiques traités dans la présente Norme internationale.
2 Références normatives
Les documents de référence suivants sont indispensables à l’application du présent document. Pour les
références datées, seule l’édition citée s’applique. Pour les références non datées, la dernière édition du
document de référence s’applique (y compris les éventuels amendements).
ISO 17000, Évaluation de la conformité — Vocabulaire et principes généraux
ISO/CEI 17025:2005, Exigences générales concernant la compétence des laboratoires d’étalonnages et d’essais
Guide ISO/CEI 2, Normalisation et activités connexes — Vocabulaire général
Guide ISO/CEI 99, Vocabulaire international de métrologie — Concepts fondamentaux et généraux et termes
associés (VIM)
3 Termes et définitions
Pour les besoins du présent document, les termes et définitions donnés dans l’ISO 17000, le Guide ISO/CEI 2,
et le Guide ISO/CEI 99, ainsi que les suivants s’appliquent.
3.1
accréditation
procédure selon laquelle un organisme faisant autorité fournit une reconnaissance formelle qu’une organisation
est compétente pour réaliser des tâches spécifiques
3.2
intervalle d’alerte
intervalle critique
intervalle des résultats d’examen dans le cadre d’un essai d’alerte (critique) signalant un risque immédiat de
blessure ou de mort du patient
NOTE 1 L’intervalle peut être ouvert lorsqu’un seul seuil est défini.
NOTE 2 Le laboratoire détermine la liste appropriée des essais d’alerte pour ses patients et utilisateurs.
ISO/FDIS 15189:2012(F)
3.3
sélection automatique et compte rendu des résultats
processus par lequel les résultats des analyses des patients sont envoyés au système d’information du
laboratoire et comparés avec les critères d’acceptation définis par le laboratoire, et dans lequel les résultats qui
répondent aux critères définis sont automatiquement inclus dans les modèles de compte rendu des patients
sans intervention supplémentaire
3.4
intervalle de référence biologique
intervalle de référence
intervalle spécifié de la distribution des valeurs à partir d’une population de référence biologique
EXEMPLE L’intervalle de référence biologique central de 95 % pour les valeurs de concentration en ions de sodium
dans le sérum à partir d’une population d’adultes hommes et femmes supposés en bonne santé est compris entre
135 mmol/l et 145 mmol/l.
NOTE 1 Un intervalle de référence est couramment défini comme l’intervalle central de 95 %. Une autre dimension ou
une autre position asymétrique de l’intervalle de référence peut être plus appropriée dans certains cas.
NOTE 2 Un intervalle de référence peut dépendre du type d’échantillons primaires et de la méthode d’analyse utilisée.
NOTE 3 Dans certains cas, une seule limite de référence biologique est importante, par exemple une limite supérieure
‘x’ de sorte que l’intervalle de référence biologique correspondant soit inférieur ou égal à ‘x’.
NOTE 4 Les termes comme «plage normale», «valeurs normales» et «plage clinique» sont ambigus et donc à éviter.
3.5
compétence
capacité démontrée à appliquer des connaissances et savoir-faire
NOTE Le concept de compétence est défini de manière générique dans la présente Norme internationale. L’usage
du terme peut être plus spécifique dans d’autres documents ISO.
[ISO 9000:2005, définition 3.1.6]
3.6
procédure documentée
moyen spécifié de réaliser une activité ou un processus documenté, mis en œuvre et mené
NOTE 1 L’exigence d’une procédure documentée peut être satisfaite dans un seul document ou dans plusieurs.
NOTE 2 Adapté de l’ISO 9000:2005, définition 3.4.5.
3.7
examen
ensemble des opérations destinées à déterminer la valeur ou les caractéristiques d’une propriété
NOTE 1 Dans certaines disciplines (par exemple la microbiologie), un examen correspond à la totalité des essais, des
observations ou des mesures effectuées.
NOTE 2 Les examens de laboratoire qui déterminent une valeur d’une propriété sont nommés examens quantitatifs;
ceux qui déterminent les caractéristiques d’une propriété sont nommés examens qualitatifs.
NOTE 3 Les examens de laboratoire sont également souvent appelés essais ou tests.
3.8
comparaison interlaboratoires
organisation, exécution et évaluation des mesures ou des essais réalisés sur des éléments identiques ou
similaires par au moins deux laboratoires en fonction de conditions préalablement déterminées
[ISO/CEI 17043:2010, définition 3.4]
2 © ISO 2012 – Tous droits réservés
ISO/FDIS 15189:2012(F)
3.9
directeur de laboratoire
personne(s) qui assument la responsabilité et l’autorité au sein du laboratoire
NOTE 1 Pour les besoins de la présente Norme internationale, la ou les personnes concernées sont désignées
collectivement sous le terme directeur du laboratoire.
NOTE 2 Des réglementations nationales, régionales et locales sur les qualifications et la formation peuvent s’appliquer.
3.10
direction du laboratoire
personne(s) qui dirige(nt) et gère(nt) les activités d’un laboratoire
NOTE Le terme «direction du laboratoire» est synonyme du terme «direction» dans l’ISO 9000:2005.
3.11
laboratoire de biologie médicale
laboratoire clinique
laboratoire destiné à réaliser des examens biologiques, microbiologiques, immunologiques, biochimiques,
immuno-hématologiques, hématologiques, biophysiques, cytologiques, anatomopathologiques, génétiques
ou d’autres examens de substances d’origine humaine pour apporter des informations utiles au diagnostic, à
la gestion, à la prévention ou au traitement des maladies ou à l’évaluation de l’état de santé d’êtres humains, et
lequel peut proposer un conseil couvrant tous les aspects des examens de laboratoire, y compris l’interprétation
des résultats et des conseils sur d’autres examens complémentaires appropriés
NOTE Ces examens sont pratiqués en utilisant des procédures destinées à déterminer, à mesurer ou à décrire la
présence ou l’absence de diverses substances ou micro-organismes.
3.12
non-conformité
non-observation d’une exigence.
[ISO 9000:2005, définition 3.6.2]
NOTE Les autres termes fréquemment utilisés incluent: accident, événement indésirable, erreur, événement, incident
et occurrence.
3.13
examens de biologie médicale délocalisée
POCT
analyse proche du patient
analyse réalisée à proximité ou chez un patient, donnant lieu à une éventuelle modification des soins qui lui
sont apportés
[ISO 22870:2006, définition 3.1]
3.14
processus post-analytiques
phase post-analytique
processus qui suivent l’analyse et comprennent la revue des résultats, la conservation et le stockage du
matériau d’analyse, la mise au rebut des échantillons (et des déchets) et la mise en forme, la validation, le
compte rendu et la conservation des résultats d’examens
3.15
processus préanalytiques
phase préanalytique
processus commençant chronologiquement par la prescription des examens par le clinicien, comprenant la
demande d’examen, la préparation et l’identification du patient, le prélèvement de l’échantillon primaire, son
acheminement jusqu’au laboratoire et au sein du laboratoire et finissant au début de l’analyse
ISO/FDIS 15189:2012(F)
3.16
échantillon primaire
spécimen
partie discrète d’un liquide corporel, d’une haleine, d’un cheveu ou d’un tissu prélevé à des fins d’examens,
d’étude ou d’analyse d’une ou plusieurs grandeurs ou propriétés pour déterminer le caractère de l’ensemble
NOTE 1 La Global Harmonisation Task Force (GHTF) utilise le terme spcimen dans ses guides harmoniséés pour
dsigner un ééchantillon d’origine biologique destin éà tre analysêé par un laboratoire de biologie mdicale.
NOTE 2 Dans certains documents ISO et CEN, un spécimen est défini comme un «échantillon biologique prélevé sur
le corps humain».
NOTE 3 Dans certains pays, le terme «spécimen» est utilisé au lieu du terme «échantillon primaire» (ou l’un de ses sous-
produits), lequel correspond à l’échantillon préparé pour envoi ou tel qu’il est reçu par le laboratoire et destiné à être analysé.
3.17
processus
ensemble d’activités corrélées ou interactives qui transforment des éléments d’entrée en éléments de sortie
NOTE 1 Les éléments d’entrée d’un processus sont généralement les éléments de sortie d’autres processus.
NOTE 2 Adapté de l’ISO 9000:2005, définition 3.4.1.
3.18
qualité
aptitude d’un ensemble de caractéristiques intrinsèques à satisfaire des exigences
NOTE 1 Le terme «qualité» peut être utilisé avec des qualificatifs tels que médiocre, bon ou excellent.
NOTE 2 «Intrinsèque», par opposition à «attribué», signifie présent dans quelque chose, notamment en tant que
caractéristique permanente.
[ISO 9000:2005, définition 3.1.1]
3.19
indicateur qualité
mesure de l’aptitude d’un ensemble de caractéristiques intrinsèques à satisfaire des exigences
NOTE 1 La mesure peut être exprimée, par exemple, sous forme de % de rendement (% dans les exigences
déterminées), % de défauts (% en dehors des exigences déterminées), défauts par million d’occurrences (DPMO) ou sur
l’échelle Six Sigma.
NOTE 2 Les indicateurs qualité peuvent mesurer la manière dont une organisation répond aux besoins et exigences
des utilisateurs et la qualité de tous les processus opérationnels
EXEMPLE Si l’exigence consiste à recevoir non contaminés tous les échantillons d’urine dans le laboratoire, le
nombre d’échantillons d’urine contaminés reçus en % de tous les échantillons d’urine reçus (caractéristique intrinsèque du
processus) est une mesure de la qualité du processus.
3.20
système de management de la qualité
système de management permettant d’orienter et de contrôler une organisation en matière de qualité
NOTE 1 Le terme «système de management de la qualité» mentionné dans cette définition fait référence aux activités
générales de management, à la fourniture et à la gestion des ressources, aux processus préanalytiques, analytiques et
post-analytiques, ainsi qu’à l’évaluation et à l’amélioration continue.
NOTE 2 Adapté de l’ISO 9000:2005, définition 3.2.3.
4 © ISO 2012 – Tous droits réservés
ISO/FDIS 15189:2012(F)
3.21
politique qualité
ensemble des intentions et instructions d’un laboratoire relatives à la qualité, telles qu’exprimées formellement
par la direction du laboratoire
NOTE 1 La politique qualité est généralement cohérente avec la politique générale de l’organisme et fournit un cadre
pour fixer des objectifs qualité.
NOTE 2 Adapté de l’ISO 9000:2005, définition 3.2.4.
3.22
objectif qualité
ce qui est recherché ou visé, relatif à la qualité
NOTE 1 Les objectifs qualité sont généralement fondés sur la politique qualité du laboratoire.
NOTE 2 Les objectifs qualité sont généralement spécifiés pour des fonctions et niveaux pertinents dans l’organisme.
NOTE 3 Adapté de l’ISO 9000:2005, définition 3.2.5.
3.23
laboratoire sous-traitant
laboratoire externe auquel est transmis un échantillon pour examen
NOTE Un laboratoire sous-traitant est un laboratoire dont la direction choisit de soumettre un échantillon ou une
aliquote pour analyse ou lorsque les analyses courantes ne peuvent pas être effectuées. Il diffère d’un laboratoire qui
peut inclure la santé publique, la médecine légale, le registre des tumeurs ou un laboratoire central (parent) auquel la
transmission d’échantillons est requise du fait de la structure ou de la réglementation.
3.24
échantillon
une ou plusieurs parties prélevées à partir d’un échantillon primaire
EXEMPLE Un volume de sérum prélevé à partir d’un volume de sérum plus important.
3.25
délai d’obtention
temps écoulé entre deux points spécifiés via les processus préanalytiques, analytiques et post-analytiques
3.26
validation
confirmation, par des preuves objectives, que les exigences pour une utilisation spécifique ou une application
prévue ont été satisfaites
NOTE 1 Le terme «validé» est utilisé pour désigner l’état correspondant.
NOTE 2 Adapté de l’ISO 9000:2005, définition 3.8.5.
3.27
vérification
confirmation, par des preuves tangibles, que les exigences spécifiées ont été satisfaites
NOTE 1 Le terme v«érifié» dsigne l’éétat correspondant.
NOTE 2 La confirmation peut couvrir des activités telles que
— la réalisation d’autres calculs,
— la comparaison d’une spécification de conception nouvelle avec une spécification de conception similaire éprouvée,
— l’exécution d’essais et de démonstrations, et
— la revue de documents avant leur diffusion.
[ISO 9000:2005, définition 3.8.4]
ISO/FDIS 15189:2012(F)
4 Exigences relatives au management
4.1 Responsabilité en matière d’organisation et de management
4.1.1 Organisation
4.1.1.1 Généralités
Le laboratoire de biologie médicale (désigné ci-après «le laboratoire») doit satisfaire aux exigences de la
présente Norme internationale dans la réalisation de son travail dans des locaux permanents ou dans des
locaux associés ou mobiles.
4.1.1.2 Entité légale
Le laboratoire ou l’organisation dont il fait partie doit être une entité qui peut être tenue légalement responsable
de ses activités.
4.1.1.3 Conduite éthique
La direction du laboratoire doit avoir pris des dispositions pour garantir ce qui suit:
a) il n’existe aucun engagement dans toute activité qui réduirait la confiance en la compétence du laboratoire,
son impartialité, son jugement ou son intégrité opérationnelle.
b) la direction et le personnel ne subissent aucune pression ou influence commerciale indue, financière ou
autre, susceptible de mettre en cause la qualité de leurs travaux.
c) les éventuels conflits d’intérêts doivent être ouvertement et correctement déclarés.
d) des procédures appropriées permettent de garantir que le personnel manipule les échantillons humains,
les tissus ou les résidus conformément aux exigences légales applicables.
e) la confidentialité des informations est garantie.
4.1.1.4 Directeur de laboratoire
Le laboratoire doit être dirigé par une ou plusieurs personnes ayant la compétence et la responsabilité déléguée
pour les prestations proposées.
Les responsabilités du directeur du laboratoire doivent inclure les questions d’ordre professionnel, scientifique,
consultatif, organisationnel, administratif et éducationnel concernant les prestations proposées par le laboratoire.
Le directeur du laboratoire peut déléguer certaines obligations et/ou responsabilités au personnel qualifié. Toutefois,
il doit conserver la responsabilité ultime concernant le fonctionnement général et l’administration du laboratoire.
Les devoirs et responsabilités du directeur du laboratoire doivent être documentés.
Le directeur du laboratoire (ou les personnes désignées pour les responsabilités déléguées) doit avoir la
compétence, l’autorité et les ressources nécessaires pour répondre aux exigences de la présente Norme
internationale.
Le directeur du laboratoire (ou les délégués) doit
a) assurer une administration efficace du laboratoire, y compris la planification et la gestion financière,
conformément aux obligations institutionnelles de telles responsabilités,
b) travailler en collaboration et efficacement avec les agences d’accréditation et de réglementation
concernées, les autorités administratives appropriées, la communauté des professionnels de la santé, et
la population de patients ainsi que les prestataires d’accords formels, si nécessaire,
6 © ISO 2012 – Tous droits réservés
ISO/FDIS 15189:2012(F)
c) s’assurer du nombre suffisant de personnes avec la formation et la compétence requises pour fournir des
prestations de laboratoire qui répondent aux besoins et exigences des utilisateurs,
d) garantir la mise en œuvre de la politique qualité,
e) assurer au laboratoire un environnement sûr et conforme aux bonnes pratiques et aux exigences en vigueur,
f) agir en tant que membre actif de l’équipe médicale pour les installations utilisées, le cas échéant et si besoin,
g) garantir la fourniture de conseils cliniques concernant le choix des examens, l’utilisation des prestations et
l’interprétation des résultats d’examen,
h) sélectionner et surveiller les fournisseurs de laboratoire,
i) sélectionner des laboratoires sous-traitants et surveiller la qualité de leur prestation (voir aussi 4.5),
j) mettre en place des programmes de développement professionnel pour le personnel de laboratoire et des
opportunités de participer à des activités scientifiques et à d’autres activités d’organismes professionnels
de laboratoire,
k) définir, mettre en œuvre et surveiller les performances et l’amélioration de la qualité de la ou des prestations
du laboratoire de biologie médicale,
NOTE Cela est possible dans le cadre des divers comités d’amélioration de la qualité de l’organisation mère, si
approprié et si applicable.
l) surveiller toutes les activités réalisées dans le laboratoire afin de déterminer que des informations
pertinentes sont générées sur le plan clinique,
m) traiter toute réclamation, demande ou suggestion du personnel et/ou des utilisateurs des prestations du
laboratoire (voir aussi 4.8, 4.14.3 et 4.14.4),
n) élaborer et appliquer un plan de fonctionnement dégradé afin de garantir que les activités essentielles
sont disponibles pendant les situations d’urgence ou autres conditions lorsque les activités de laboratoire
sont limitées ou indisponibles, et
NOTE Il convient que les plans de fonctionnement dégradé soient périodiquement soumis à essai.
o) planifier et diriger la recherche et le développement, si approprié.
4.1.2 Responsabilité de la direction
4.1.2.1 Engagement de la direction
La direction du laboratoire doit fournir la preuve de son engagement au développement et à la mise en œuvre
du système de management de la qualité ainsi qu’à l’amélioration continue de son efficacité, et doit
a) communiquer au personnel de laboratoire l’importance de répondre aux besoins et exigences des
utilisateurs (voir 4.1.2.2) ainsi qu’aux exigences réglementaires et d’agrément,
b) mettre en œuvre la politique qualité (voir 4.1.2.3),
c) garantir que les objectifs qualité et la planification sont établis (voir 4.1.2.4),
d) définir les responsabilités, pouvoirs et interrelations pour l’ensemble du personnel (voir 4.1.2.5),
e) établir les processus de communication (voir 4.1.2.6),
f) désigner un directeur qualité, quelle que soit la dénomination (voir 4.1.2.7),
g) réaliser des revues de direction (voir 4.15),
h) s’assurer que tout le personnel est compétent pour effectuer les activités attribuées (voir 5.1.6), et
ISO/FDIS 15189:2012(F)
i) garantir la disponibilité des ressources adéquates (voir 5.2 et 5.3) pour permettre la bonne conduite des
activités préanalytiques, analytiques et post-analytiques (voir 5.4, 5.5 et 5.7).
4.1.2.2 Besoins des utilisateurs
La direction du laboratoire doit garantir que les activités du laboratoire, y compris les prestations de conseil et
d’interprétation appropriées, répondent aux besoins des patients et des personnes utilisant les prestations du
laboratoire (voir également 4.4 et 4.14.3).
4.1.2.3 Politique qualité
La direction du laboratoire doit définir l’objectif de son système de management de la qualité dans une politique
qualité. La direction du laboratoire doit assurer que la politique qualité
a) est adaptée à la finalité de l’organisation,
b) comprend l’engagement à de bonnes pratiques professionnelles, à des examens adaptés à l’utilisation
prévue, à satisfaire aux exigences de la présente Norme internationale et à améliorer en permanence la
qualité des prestations du laboratoire,
c) fournit un cadre pour établir et revoir les objectifs qualité,
d) est communiquée et comprise au sein de l’organisation, et
e) revue quant à son adéquation permanente.
4.1.2.4 Objectifs et planification
La direction du laboratoire doit établir les objectifs qualité, y compris ceux nécessaires pour répondre aux
besoins et exigences des utilisateurs, aux fonctions et niveaux correspondants au sein de l’organisation. Les
objectifs qualité doivent être mesurables et cohérents avec la politique qualité.
La direction du laboratoire doit garantir que la planification du système de management de la qualité est
réalisée pour répondre aux exigences (voir 4.2) et aux objectifs qualité.
La direction du laboratoire doit s’assurer du maintien de l’intégrité du système de management de la qualité
lorsque des modifications sont planifiées et mises en œuvre.
4.1.2.5 Responsabilité, autorité et interrelations
La direction du laboratoire doit assurer que les responsabilités, autorités et interrelations sont définies,
documentées et communiquées au sein de l’organisation. Cela doit inclure la désignation de la ou des
personnes responsables pour chaque fonction de laboratoire et la nomination de responsables adjoints pour
toutes les fonctions clés et le personnel technique.
NOTE Il est reconnu que dans les laboratoires de plus petite taille, des personnes peuvent assurer plusieurs fonctions,
et il peut s’avérer difficile de nommer des responsables adjoints pour toutes les fonctions.
4.1.2.6 Communication
La direction du laboratoire doit être dotée de moyens efficaces permettant de communiquer avec le personnel
(voir également 4.14.4). Des enregistrements des sujets abordés dans le cadre des communications et des
réunions doivent être conservés.
La direction du laboratoire doit s’assurer que des processus de communication appropriés sont établis
entre le laboratoire et ses parties prenantes, et que la communication relative à l’efficacité des processus
préanalytiques, analytiques et post-analytiques et du système de management de la qualité est mise en place.
8 © ISO 2012 – Tous droits réservés
ISO/FDIS 15189:2012(F)
4.1.2.7 Responsable qualité
La direction du laboratoire doit nommer un responsable qualité qui doit avoir, quelles que soient les autres
responsabilités, la responsabilité et l’autorité déléguées qui comprennent:
a) d’assurer que les processus nécessaires au système de management de la qualité sont établis, mis en
œuvre et conservés;
b) de rendre des comptes à la direction du laboratoire, au niveau auquel les décisions sont prises concernant
la politique du laboratoire, les objectifs et les ressources, les performances du système de management
de la qualité et les besoins d’amélioration;
c) de promouvoir la sensibilisation aux besoins et exigences des utilisateurs au sein de l’organisation du laboratoire.
4.2 Système de management de la qualité
4.2.1 Exigences générales
Le laboratoire doit établir, documenter, mettre en œuvre et entretenir un système de management de la qualité
et en améliorer en permanence l’efficacité conformément aux exigences de la présente Norme internationale.
Le système de management de la qualité doit assurer l’intégration de tous les processus nécessaires pour
répondre à sa politique et à ses objectifs qualité, ainsi qu’aux besoins et exigences des utilisateurs.
Le laboratoire doit
a) déterminer les processus nécessaires pour le système de management de la qualité et garantir leur
application au sein du laboratoire,
b) déterminer la séquence et l’interaction de ces processus,
c) déterminer les critères et les méthodes nécessaires pour assurer l’efficacité du fonctionnement et de la
maîtrise de ces processus,
d) assurer la disponibilité des ressources et des informations nécessaires au fonctionnement et à la
surveillance de ces processus,
e) surveiller et évaluer ces processus, et
f) mettre en œuvre les actions nécessaires pour obtenir les résultats prévus et l’amélioration continue de
ces processus.
4.2.2 Exigences relatives à la documentation
4.2.2.1 Généralités
La documentation du système de management de la qualité doit comprendre
a) les déclarations d’une politique qualité (voir 4.1.2.3) et les objectifs qualité (voir 4.1.2.4),
b) un manuel qualité (voir 4.2.2.2),
c) les procédures et enregistrements requis par la présente Norme internationale,
d) les documents et enregistrements (voir 4.13), nécessaires au laboratoire pour assurer la planification, le
fonctionnement et la maîtrise efficaces de ses processus, et
e) les copies des règlementations, normes en vigueur et autres documents normatifs.
NOTE La documentation peut être dans n’importe quel format ou type de support, à condition qu’elle soit facilement
accessible et protégée contre les modifications non autorisées et altérations indues.
ISO/FDIS 15189:2012(F)
4.2.2.2 Manuel qualité
Le laboratoire doit établir et tenir à jour un manuel qualité qui comprend
a) la politique qualité (4.1.2.3) ou des références à celle-ci,
b) une description de l’étendue du système de management de la qualité,
c) une présentation de l’organisation et de la structure de direction du laboratoire et sa position dans
l’organisation mère,
d) une description des rôles et responsabilités de la direction du laboratoire (y compris le directeur du
laboratoire et le directeur de la qualité) pour garantir la conformité avec la présente Norme internationale,
e) une description de la structure et des relations de la documentation utilisée dans le système de management
de la qualité, et
f) les politiques documentées établies pour le système de management de la qualité et une référence aux
activités managériales et techniques sur lesquelles elles reposent.
Tout le personnel de laboratoire doit avoir accès à et être informé quant à l’utilisation et l’application du manuel
qualité et des documents référencés.
4.2.3 Maîtrise des documents
Le laboratoire doit contrôler les documents requis par le système de management de la qualité et veiller à éviter
toute utilisation intempestive d’un document obsolète.
NOTE 1 Les documents qu’il convient de prendre en compte pour le contrôle des documents sont ceux susceptibles de
varier en fonction des modifications apportées dans les versions ou dans le temps. Il s’agit, par exemple, de déclarations
de politique, d’instructions d’utilisation, d’organigrammes, de procédures, de spécifications, de formulaires, de tables
d’étalonnage, d’intervalles de référence biologiques et de leur origine, de diagrammes, d’affiches, de notices, de
mémorandums, de documentations logicielles, de croquis, de plans, d’accords et de documents provenant d’une source
extérieure (par exemple des règlements, des normes ou des livres, d’où sont extraites les procédures analytiques).
NOTE 2 Les enregistrements contiennent des informations à partir d’une date précise indiquant les résultats obtenus
ou apportant la preuve des activités réalisées et sont tenus à jour conformément aux exigences mentionnées en 4.13.
Le laboratoire doit mettre en place une procédure documentée permettant de garantir ce qui suit:
a) tous les documents, y compris ceux tenus à jour dans un système informatique, publiés dans le cadre du
système de management de la qualité, sont revus et approuvés par le personnel autorisé avant édition;
b) tous les documents sont identifiés et doivent inclure
— un titre,
— un identifiant unique sur chaque page,
— la date de l’édition actuelle et/ou le numéro d’édition,
— le nombre de pages par rapport au nombre total de pages (par exemple page 1 sur 5, page 2 sur 5), et
— l’autorité responsable de l’édition;
NOTE Le terme «édition» désigne un nombre d’impressions éditées à des dates distinctes qui intègre des
modifications et amendements. Il peut être considéré comme synonyme de «révision ou version».
c) les éditions autorisées actuelles et leur diffusion sont identifiées au moyen d’une liste (par exemple registre
de documents, journal ou index principal);
d) seules les éditions actuelles autorisées des documents applicables sont disponibles dans les lieux
d’utilisation;
10 © ISO 2012 – Tous droits réservés
ISO/FDIS 15189:2012(F)
e) si le système de maîtrise des documents du laboratoire permet des modifications manuscrites des
documents en attendant leur réédition, les procédures et les autorités concernant ces modifications sont
définies, les modifications étant clairement marquées, paraphées et datées, et un document révisé est
édité dans une période de temps spécifiée;
f) les modifications apportées aux documents sont identifiées;
g) les documents restent lisibles;
h) les documents sont périodiquement revus et mis à jour selon une fréquence qui garantit qu’ils restent
«aptes à l’usage»;
i) les documents contrôlés obsolètes sont datés et marqués comme étant obsolètes.
j) au moins une copie d’un document contrôlé obsolète est conservée pendant une période de temps
spécifiée ou conformément aux exigences spécifiées applicables.
4.3 Contrats de prestations
4.3.1 Établissement de contrats de prestations
Le laboratoire doit mettre en place des procédures documentées pour l’établissement et la revue des contrats
de prestations en biologie médicale.
Chaque demande d’examen acceptée par le laboratoire doit être considérée comme étant contractuelle.
Les contrats de prestations de biologie médicale doivent tenir compte de la prescription, de l’analyse et du
rapport. Le contrat doit préciser les informations nécessaires sur la demande afin de garantir une analyse et
une interprétation des résultats appropriées.
Lorsque le laboratoire conclut un contrat de prestations en biologie médicale,
a) les exigences des clients, des utilisateurs et des fournisseurs de la prestation de laboratoire, y compris les
processus analytiques à utiliser, doivent être définies, documentées et comprises (voir 5.4.2 et 5.5),
b) le laboratoire doit avoir la capacité et les ressources néce
...
NORME ISO
INTERNATIONALE 15189
Troisième édition
2012-11-01
Version corrigée
2014-08-15
Laboratoires de biologie médicale —
Exigences concernant la qualité et la
compétence
Medical laboratories — Requirements for quality and competence
Numéro de référence
©
ISO 2012
DOCUMENT PROTÉGÉ PAR COPYRIGHT
© ISO 2012
Droits de reproduction réservés. Sauf prescription différente, aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite ni utilisée sous
quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie et les microfilms, sans l'accord écrit
de l'ISO à l'adresse ci-après ou du comité membre de l'ISO dans le pays du demandeur.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
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Publié en Suisse
ii © ISO 2012 – Tous droits réservés
Sommaire Page
Avant-propos . iv
Introduction . v
1 Domaine d'application . 1
2 Références normatives . 1
3 Termes et définitions . 1
4 Exigences relatives au management . 6
4.1 Responsabilité en matière d'organisation et de management . 6
4.2 Système de management de la qualité . 10
4.3 Maîtrise des documents . 11
4.4 Contrats de prestations . 12
4.5 Examens transmis à des laboratoires sous-traitants . 13
4.6 Services externes et approvisionnement . 14
4.7 Prestation de conseils . 14
4.8 Traitement des réclamations . 14
4.9 Identification et maîtrise des non-conformités . 14
4.10 Actions correctives . 15
4.11 Actions préventives . 15
4.12 Amélioration continue. 16
4.13 Maîtrise des enregistrements . 16
4.14 Évaluation et audits . 18
4.15 Revue de direction . 20
5 Exigences techniques . 21
5.1 Personnel . 21
5.2 Locaux et conditions environnementales. 23
5.3 Matériel de laboratoire, réactifs et consommables . 25
5.4 Processus préanalytiques . 29
5.5 Processus analytiques. 33
5.6 Garantie de qualité des résultats . 36
5.7 Processus post-analytiques . 39
5.8 Compte rendu des résultats . 39
5.9 Diffusion des résultats . 41
5.10 Gestion des informations de laboratoire . 42
Annexe A (informative) Correspondance avec l'ISO 9001:2008 et l'ISO/CEI 17025:2005 . 44
Annexe B (informative) Comparaison entre l'ISO 15189:2007 et l'ISO 15189:2012 . 49
Bibliographie . 53
Avant-propos
L'ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d'organismes nationaux de
normalisation (comités membres de l'ISO). L'élaboration des Normes internationales est en général confiée
aux comités techniques de l'ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude a le droit de faire partie du
comité technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non
gouvernementales, en liaison avec l'ISO participent également aux travaux. L'ISO collabore étroitement avec
la Commission électrotechnique internationale (CEI) en ce qui concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les Normes internationales sont rédigées conformément aux règles données dans les Directives ISO/CEI,
Partie 2.
La tâche principale des comités techniques est d'élaborer les Normes internationales. Les projets de Normes
internationales adoptés par les comités techniques sont soumis aux comités membres pour vote. Leur
publication comme Normes internationales requiert l'approbation de 75 % au moins des comités membres
votants.
L'attention est appelée sur le fait que certains des éléments du présent document peuvent faire l'objet de
droits de propriété intellectuelle ou de droits analogues. L'ISO ne saurait être tenue pour responsable de ne
pas avoir identifié de tels droits de propriété et averti de leur existence.
L'ISO 15189 a été élaborée par le comité technique ISO/TC 212, Laboratoires de biologie médicale et
systèmes de diagnostic in vitro.
Cette troisième édition annule et remplace la deuxième édition (ISO 15189:2007), qui a fait l'objet d'une
révision technique.
Une correspondance entre la seconde et la troisième édition de la présente Norme internationale est donnée
dans l'Annexe B. La troisième édition continue l'alignement établi avec l'ISO/CEI 17025:2005.
La présente version corrigée de l’ISO 15189:2012 inclut diverses corrections éditoriales dans le texte.
iv © ISO 2012 – Tous droits réservés
Introduction
La présente Norme internationale, fondée sur l'ISO/CEI 17025 et sur l'ISO 9001, spécifie les exigences de
compétence et de qualité propres aux laboratoires de biologie médicale . Il est admis qu'un pays peut avoir
ses propres réglementations ou exigences spécifiques applicables à une partie ou à l'ensemble des
professionnels et à leurs activités et responsabilités dans ce domaine.
Les prestations fournies par les laboratoires de biologie médicale sont essentielles pour les soins prodigués
aux patients. Elles doivent donc satisfaire les besoins à la fois des patients et des cliniciens responsables des
soins prodigués à ces patients. Les prestations des laboratoires incluent la prescription des examens, la
préparation du patient et son identification, le prélèvement d'échantillons, le transport, le stockage, le
prétraitement et l'analyse d'échantillons biologiques, suivis de l'interprétation des résultats, du compte rendu
et du conseil, tout en assurant la sécurité du personnel et le respect de l'éthique.
Lorsque les réglementations nationales, régionales ou locales l'autorisent, il est souhaitable que les
prestations fournies par le laboratoire incluent aussi l'examen du patient dans le cadre de consultations et une
participation active à la prévention aussi bien qu'au diagnostic et à la surveillance des maladies. Il convient
également que chaque laboratoire assure l'éducation et la formation scientifique du personnel concerné.
Bien que la présente Norme internationale soit destinée à être utilisée dans toutes les disciplines
effectivement pratiquées par les laboratoires de biologie médicale, d'autres secteurs et d'autres disciplines
(par exemple physiologie, imagerie médicale et biophysique) peuvent également la juger utile et appropriée.
De plus, les organismes intervenant dans la reconnaissance de la compétence des laboratoires de biologie
médicale pourront utiliser la présente Norme internationale comme base de leurs activités. Si un laboratoire
recherche une accréditation, il convient qu'il choisisse un organisme d'accréditation qui fonctionne
conformément à l'ISO/CEI 17011 et qui tienne compte des exigences particulières aux laboratoires de
biologie médicale.
La présente Norme internationale n'est pas destinée à des fins de certification, mais le respect des exigences
de la présente Norme internationale par un laboratoire de biologie médicale signifie que le laboratoire répond
à la fois aux exigences relatives aux compétences techniques et aux exigences relatives au système de
management qui sont nécessaires de manière à obtenir en permanence des résultats techniques valides. Les
exigences relatives au système de management dans l'Article 4 sont écrites dans une langue correspondant
aux opérations du laboratoire de biologie médicale et répondent aux principes de l'ISO 9001:2008, Systèmes
de management de la qualité — Exigences et sont alignées avec ses exigences pertinentes (Communiqué
commun IAF-ILAC-ISO publié en 2009).
Une correspondance entre les articles et les paragraphes de la présente troisième édition de l'ISO 15189, et
ceux de l'ISO 9001:2008 et de l'ISO/CEI 17025:2005 sont détaillés dans l'Annexe A.
Les questions environnementales associées à l'activité des laboratoires de biologie médicale sont
généralement traitées dans la présente Norme internationale, avec des références spécifiques à 5.2.2, 5.2.6,
5.3, 5.4, 5.5.1.4 et 5.7.
1 Dans d’autres langues, ces laboratoires peuvent être désignés en employant l’équivalent de l’anglais «clinical
laboratories».
NORME INTERNATIONALE ISO 15189:2012(F)
Laboratoires de biologie médicale — Exigences concernant la
qualité et la compétence
1 Domaine d'application
La présente Norme internationale spécifie les exigences de qualité et de compétence applicables aux
laboratoires de biologie médicale.
La présente Norme internationale peut être utilisée par les laboratoires de biologie médicale qui élaborent
leurs systèmes de management de la qualité et évaluent leur propre compétence. Les clients des laboratoires,
les autorités règlementaires ainsi que les organismes d'accréditation engagés dans des activités de
confirmation ou de reconnaissance de la compétence des laboratoires de biologie médicale peuvent
également l’utiliser.
NOTE Les réglementations ou exigences internationales, nationales ou régionales peuvent également s'appliquer à
des sujets spécifiques traités dans la présente Norme internationale.
2 Références normatives
Les documents de référence suivants sont indispensables à l'application du présent document. Pour les
références datées, seule l'édition citée s'applique. Pour les références non datées, la dernière édition du
document de référence s'applique (y compris les éventuels amendements).
ISO 17000, Évaluation de la conformité — Vocabulaire et principes généraux
ISO/CEI 17025:2005, Exigences générales concernant la compétence des laboratoires d'étalonnages et
d'essais
Guide ISO/CEI 2, Normalisation et activités connexes — Vocabulaire général
Guide ISO/CEI 99, Vocabulaire international de métrologie — Concepts fondamentaux et généraux et termes
associés (VIM)
3 Termes et définitions
Pour les besoins du présent document, les termes et définitions donnés dans l'ISO 17000, le Guide ISO/CEI 2,
et le Guide ISO/CEI 99, ainsi que les suivants s'appliquent.
3.1
accréditation
procédure selon laquelle un organisme faisant autorité fournit une reconnaissance formelle qu'une
organisation est compétente pour réaliser des tâches spécifiques
3.2
intervalle d'alerte
intervalle critique
intervalle des résultats d'examen dans le cadre d'un essai d'alerte (critique) signalant un risque immédiat de
blessure ou de mort du patient
NOTE 1 L'intervalle peut être ouvert lorsqu'un seul seuil est défini.
NOTE 2 Le laboratoire détermine la liste appropriée des essais d'alerte pour ses patients et utilisateurs.
3.3
sélection automatique et compte rendu des résultats
processus par lequel les résultats des analyses des patients sont envoyés au système d'information du
laboratoire et comparés avec les critères d'acceptation définis par le laboratoire, et dans lequel les résultats
qui répondent aux critères définis sont automatiquement inclus dans les modèles de compte rendu des
patients sans intervention supplémentaire
3.4
intervalle de référence biologique
intervalle de référence
intervalle spécifié de la distribution des valeurs à partir d'une population de référence biologique
EXEMPLE L'intervalle de référence biologique central de 95 % pour les valeurs de concentration en ions de sodium
dans le sérum à partir d'une population d'adultes hommes et femmes supposés en bonne santé est compris entre
135 mmol/l et 145 mmol/l.
NOTE 1 Un intervalle de référence est couramment défini comme l'intervalle central de 95 %. Une autre dimension ou
une autre position asymétrique de l'intervalle de référence peut être plus appropriée dans certains cas.
NOTE 2 Un intervalle de référence peut dépendre du type d'échantillons primaires et de la méthode d'analyse utilisée.
NOTE 3 Dans certains cas, une seule limite de référence biologique est importante, par exemple une limite supérieure
'x' de sorte que l'intervalle de référence biologique correspondant soit inférieur ou égal à 'x'.
NOTE 4 Les termes comme «plage normale», «valeurs normales» et «plage clinique» sont ambigus et donc à éviter.
3.5
compétence
capacité démontrée à appliquer des connaissances et savoir-faire
NOTE Le concept de compétence est défini de manière générique dans la présente Norme internationale. L'usage
du terme peut être plus spécifique dans d'autres documents ISO.
[ISO 9000:2005, définition 3.1.6]
3.6
procédure documentée
moyen spécifié de réaliser une activité ou un processus documenté, mis en œuvre et mené
NOTE 1 L'exigence d'une procédure documentée peut être satisfaite dans un seul document ou dans plusieurs.
NOTE 2 Adapté de l'ISO 9000:2005, définition 3.4.5.
3.7
examen
ensemble des opérations destinées à déterminer la valeur ou les caractéristiques d'une propriété
NOTE 1 Dans certaines disciplines (par exemple la microbiologie), un examen correspond à la totalité des essais, des
observations ou des mesures effectuées.
2 © ISO 2012 – Tous droits réservés
NOTE 2 Les examens de laboratoire qui déterminent une valeur d'une propriété sont nommés examens quantitatifs;
ceux qui déterminent les caractéristiques d'une propriété sont nommés examens qualitatifs.
NOTE 3 Les examens de laboratoire sont également souvent appelés essais ou tests.
3.8
comparaison interlaboratoires
organisation, exécution et évaluation des mesures ou des essais réalisés sur des éléments identiques ou
similaires par au moins deux laboratoires en fonction de conditions préalablement déterminées
[ISO/CEI 17043:2010, définition 3.4]
3.9
directeur de laboratoire
personne(s) qui assume(nt) la responsabilité et l'autorité au sein du laboratoire
NOTE 1 Pour les besoins de la présente Norme internationale, la ou les personnes concernées sont désignées
collectivement sous le terme directeur du laboratoire.
NOTE 2 Des réglementations nationales, régionales et locales sur les qualifications et la formation peuvent s'appliquer.
3.10
direction du laboratoire
personne(s) qui dirige(nt) et gère(nt) les activités d'un laboratoire
NOTE Le terme «direction du laboratoire» est synonyme du terme «direction» dans l'ISO 9000:2005.
3.11
laboratoire de biologie médicale
laboratoire clinique
laboratoire destiné à réaliser des examens biologiques, microbiologiques, immunologiques, biochimiques,
immuno-hématologiques, hématologiques, biophysiques, cytologiques, anatomopathologiques, génétiques ou
d'autres examens de substances d'origine humaine pour apporter des informations utiles au diagnostic, à la
gestion, à la prévention ou au traitement des maladies ou à l'évaluation de l'état de santé d'êtres humains, et
lequel peut proposer un conseil couvrant tous les aspects des examens de laboratoire, y compris
l'interprétation des résultats et des conseils sur d'autres examens complémentaires appropriés
NOTE Ces examens sont pratiqués en utilisant des procédures destinées à déterminer, à mesurer ou à décrire la
présence ou l'absence de diverses substances ou micro-organismes.
3.12
non-conformité
non-observation d'une exigence.
[ISO 9000:2005, définition 3.6.2]
NOTE Les autres termes fréquemment utilisés incluent: accident, événement indésirable, erreur, événement,
incident et occurrence.
3.13
examens de biologie médicale délocalisée
POCT
analyse proche du patient
analyse réalisée à proximité ou chez un patient, donnant lieu à une éventuelle modification des soins qui lui
sont apportés
[ISO 22870:2006, définition 3.1]
3.14
processus post-analytiques
phase post-analytique
processus qui suivent l'analyse et comprennent la revue des résultats, la conservation et le stockage du
matériau d'analyse, la mise au rebut des échantillons (et des déchets) et la mise en forme, la validation, le
compte rendu et la conservation des résultats d'examens
3.15
processus préanalytiques
phase préanalytique
processus commençant chronologiquement par la prescription des examens par le clinicien, comprenant la
demande d'examen, la préparation et l'identification du patient, le prélèvement de l'échantillon primaire, son
acheminement jusqu'au laboratoire et au sein du laboratoire et finissant au début de l'analyse
3.16
échantillon primaire
spécimen
partie discrète d'un liquide corporel, d'une haleine, d'un cheveu ou d'un tissu prélevé à des fins d'examens,
d'étude ou d'analyse d'une ou plusieurs grandeurs ou propriétés pour déterminer le caractère de l'ensemble
NOTE 1 La Global Harmonisation Task Force (GHTF) utilise le terme spécimen dans ses guides harmonisés pour
désigner un échantillon d'origine biologique destiné à être analysé par un laboratoire de biologie médicale.
NOTE 2 Dans certains documents ISO et CEN, un spécimen est défini comme un «échantillon biologique prélevé sur
le corps humain».
NOTE 3 Dans certains pays, le terme «spécimen» est utilisé au lieu du terme «échantillon primaire» (ou l'un de ses
sous-produits), lequel correspond à l'échantillon préparé pour envoi ou tel qu'il est reçu par le laboratoire et destiné à être
analysé.
3.17
processus
ensemble d'activités corrélées ou interactives qui transforment des éléments d'entrée en éléments de sortie
NOTE 1 Les éléments d'entrée d'un processus sont généralement les éléments de sortie d'autres processus.
NOTE 2 Adapté de l'ISO 9000:2005, définition 3.4.1.
3.18
qualité
aptitude d'un ensemble de caractéristiques intrinsèques à satisfaire des exigences
NOTE 1 Le terme «qualité» peut être utilisé avec des qualificatifs tels que médiocre, bon ou excellent.
NOTE 2 «Intrinsèque», par opposition à «attribué», signifie présent dans quelque chose, notamment en tant que
caractéristique permanente.
[ISO 9000:2005, définition 3.1.1]
3.19
indicateur qualité
mesure de l'aptitude d'un ensemble de caractéristiques intrinsèques à satisfaire des exigences
NOTE 1 La mesure peut être exprimée, par exemple, sous forme de % de rendement (% dans les exigences
déterminées), % de défauts (% en dehors des exigences déterminées), défauts par million d'occurrences (DPMO) ou sur
l'échelle Six Sigma.
NOTE 2 Les indicateurs qualité peuvent mesurer la manière dont une organisation répond aux besoins et exigences
des utilisateurs et la qualité de tous les processus opérationnels
4 © ISO 2012 – Tous droits réservés
EXEMPLE Si l'exigence consiste à recevoir non contaminés tous les échantillons d'urine dans le laboratoire, le
nombre d'échantillons d'urine contaminés reçus en % de tous les échantillons d'urine reçus (caractéristique intrinsèque du
processus) est une mesure de la qualité du processus.
3.20
système de management de la qualité
système de management permettant d'orienter et de contrôler une organisation en matière de qualité
NOTE 1 Le terme «système de management de la qualité» mentionné dans cette définition fait référence aux activités
générales de management, à la fourniture et à la gestion des ressources, aux processus préanalytiques, analytiques et
post-analytiques, ainsi qu'à l'évaluation et à l'amélioration continue.
NOTE 2 Adapté de l'ISO 9000:2005, définition 3.2.3.
3.21
politique qualité
ensemble des intentions et instructions d'un laboratoire relatives à la qualité, telles qu'exprimées formellement
par la direction du laboratoire
NOTE 1 La politique qualité est généralement cohérente avec la politique générale de l'organisme et fournit un cadre
pour fixer des objectifs qualité.
NOTE 2 Adapté de l'ISO 9000:2005, définition 3.2.4.
3.22
objectif qualité
ce qui est recherché ou visé, relatif à la qualité
NOTE 1 Les objectifs qualité sont généralement fondés sur la politique qualité du laboratoire.
NOTE 2 Les objectifs qualité sont généralement spécifiés pour des fonctions et niveaux pertinents dans l'organisme.
NOTE 3 Adapté de l'ISO 9000:2005, définition 3.2.5.
3.23
laboratoire sous-traitant
laboratoire externe auquel est transmis un échantillon pour examen
NOTE Un laboratoire sous-traitant est un laboratoire dont la direction choisit de soumettre un échantillon ou une
aliquote pour analyse ou lorsque les analyses courantes ne peuvent pas être effectuées. Il diffère d'un laboratoire qui peut
inclure la santé publique, la médecine légale, le registre des tumeurs ou un laboratoire central (parent) auquel la
transmission d'échantillons est requise du fait de la structure ou de la réglementation.
3.24
échantillon
une ou plusieurs parties prélevées à partir d'un échantillon primaire
EXEMPLE Un volume de sérum prélevé à partir d'un volume de sérum plus important.
3.25
délai d'obtention
temps écoulé entre deux points spécifiés via les processus préanalytiques, analytiques et post-analytiques
3.26
validation
confirmation, par des preuves objectives, que les exigences pour une utilisation spécifique ou une application
prévue ont été satisfaites
NOTE 1 Le terme «vérifié» désigne l'état correspondant.
NOTE 2 Adapté de l'ISO 9000:2005, définition 3.8.5.
3.27
vérification
confirmation, par des preuves tangibles, que les exigences spécifiées ont été satisfaites
NOTE 1 Le terme «vérifié» désigne l'état correspondant.
NOTE 2 La confirmation peut couvrir des activités telles que
— la réalisation d'autres calculs,
— la comparaison d'une spécification de conception nouvelle avec une spécification de conception similaire éprouvée,
— l'exécution d'essais et de démonstrations, et
— la revue de documents avant leur diffusion.
[ISO 9000:2005, définition 3.8.4]
4 Exigences relatives au management
4.1 Responsabilité en matière d'organisation et de management
4.1.1 Organisation
4.1.1.1 Généralités
Le laboratoire de biologie médicale (désigné ci-après «le laboratoire») doit satisfaire aux exigences de la
présente Norme internationale dans la réalisation de son travail dans des locaux permanents ou dans des
locaux associés ou mobiles.
4.1.1.2 Entité légale
Le laboratoire ou l'organisation dont il fait partie doit être une entité qui peut être tenue légalement
responsable de ses activités.
4.1.1.3 Conduite éthique
La direction du laboratoire doit avoir pris des dispositions pour garantir ce qui suit:
a) il n'existe aucun engagement dans toute activité qui réduirait la confiance en la compétence du
laboratoire, son impartialité, son jugement ou son intégrité opérationnelle.
b) la direction et le personnel ne subissent aucune pression ou influence commerciale indue, financière ou
autre, susceptible de mettre en cause la qualité de leurs travaux.
c) les éventuels conflits d'intérêts doivent être ouvertement et correctement déclarés.
d) des procédures appropriées permettent de garantir que le personnel manipule les échantillons humains,
les tissus ou les résidus conformément aux exigences légales applicables.
e) la confidentialité des informations est garantie.
6 © ISO 2012 – Tous droits réservés
4.1.1.4 Directeur de laboratoire
Le laboratoire doit être dirigé par une ou plusieurs personnes ayant la compétence et la responsabilité
déléguée pour les prestations proposées.
Les responsabilités du directeur du laboratoire doivent inclure les questions d'ordre professionnel, scientifique,
consultatif, organisationnel, administratif et éducationnel concernant les prestations proposées par le
laboratoire.
Le directeur du laboratoire peut déléguer certaines obligations et/ou responsabilités au personnel qualifié.
Toutefois, il doit conserver la responsabilité ultime concernant le fonctionnement général et l'administration du
laboratoire.
Les devoirs et responsabilités du directeur du laboratoire doivent être documentés.
Le directeur du laboratoire (ou les personnes désignées pour les responsabilités déléguées) doit avoir la
compétence, l'autorité et les ressources nécessaires pour répondre aux exigences de la présente Norme
internationale.
Le directeur du laboratoire (ou les délégués) doit
a) assurer une administration efficace du laboratoire, y compris la planification et la gestion financière,
conformément aux obligations institutionnelles de telles responsabilités,
b) travailler en collaboration et efficacement avec les agences d'accréditation et de réglementation
concernées, les autorités administratives appropriées, la communauté des professionnels de la santé, et
la population de patients ainsi que les prestataires d'accords formels, si nécessaire,
c) s'assurer du nombre suffisant de personnes avec la formation et la compétence requises pour fournir des
prestations de laboratoire qui répondent aux besoins et exigences des utilisateurs,
d) s’assurer de la mise en place de la politique qualité,
e) assurer au laboratoire un environnement sûr et conforme aux bonnes pratiques et aux exigences en
vigueur,
f) agir en tant que membre actif de l'équipe médicale pour les installations utilisées, le cas échéant et si
besoin,
g) s’assurer de la disponibilité de conseils cliniques concernant le choix des examens, l'utilisation des
prestations et l'interprétation des résultats d'examen,
h) sélectionner et surveiller les fournisseurs de laboratoire,
i) sélectionner des laboratoires sous-traitants et surveiller la qualité de leur prestation (voir aussi 4.5),
j) mettre en place des programmes de développement professionnel pour le personnel de laboratoire et
des opportunités de participer à des activités scientifiques et à d'autres activités d'organismes
professionnels de laboratoire,
k) définir, mettre en œuvre et surveiller les performances et l'amélioration de la qualité de la ou des
prestations du laboratoire de biologie médicale,
NOTE Cela est possible dans le cadre des divers comités d'amélioration de la qualité de l'organisation mère, si
approprié et si applicable.
l) surveiller toutes les activités réalisées dans le laboratoire afin de déterminer que des informations
pertinentes sont générées sur le plan clinique,
m) traiter toute réclamation, demande ou suggestion du personnel et/ou des utilisateurs des prestations du
laboratoire (voir aussi 4.8, 4.14.3 et 4.14.4),
n) élaborer et appliquer un plan de fonctionnement dégradé afin de garantir que les activités essentielles
sont disponibles pendant les situations d'urgence ou autres conditions lorsque les activités de laboratoire
sont limitées ou indisponibles, et
NOTE Il convient que les plans de fonctionnement dégradé soient périodiquement soumis à essai.
o) planifier et diriger la recherche et le développement, si approprié.
4.1.2 Responsabilité de la direction
4.1.2.1 Engagement de la direction
La direction du laboratoire doit fournir la preuve de son engagement au développement et à la mise en œuvre
du système de management de la qualité ainsi qu'à l'amélioration continue de son efficacité, et doit
a) communiquer au personnel de laboratoire l'importance de répondre aux besoins et exigences des
utilisateurs (voir 4.1.2.2) ainsi qu'aux exigences réglementaires et d'agrément,
b) mettre en œuvre la politique qualité (voir 4.1.2.3),
c) s’assurer que les objectifs qualité et la planification sont établis (voir 4.1.2.4),
d) définir les responsabilités, pouvoirs et interrelations pour l'ensemble du personnel (voir 4.1.2.5),
e) établir les processus de communication (voir 4.1.2.6),
f) désigner un responsable qualité, quelle que soit la dénomination (voir 4.1.2.7),
g) réaliser des revues de direction (voir 4.15),
h) s'assurer que tout le personnel est compétent pour effectuer les activités attribuées (voir 5.1.6), et
i) garantir la disponibilité des ressources adéquates (voir 5.1, 5.2 et 5.3) pour permettre la bonne conduite
des activités préanalytiques, analytiques et post-analytiques (voir 5.4, 5.5 et 5.7).
4.1.2.2 Besoins des utilisateurs
La direction du laboratoire doit garantir que les activités du laboratoire, y compris les prestations de conseil et
d'interprétation appropriées, répondent aux besoins des patients et des personnes utilisant les prestations du
laboratoire (voir également 4.4 et 4.14.3).
4.1.2.3 Politique qualité
La direction du laboratoire doit définir l'objectif de son système de management de la qualité dans une
politique qualité. La direction du laboratoire doit assurer que la politique qualité
a) est adaptée à la finalité de l'organisation,
b) comprend l'engagement à de bonnes pratiques professionnelles, à des examens adaptés à l'utilisation
prévue, à satisfaire aux exigences de la présente Norme internationale et à améliorer en permanence la
qualité des prestations du laboratoire,
c) fournit un cadre pour établir et revoir les objectifs qualité,
8 © ISO 2012 – Tous droits réservés
d) est communiquée et comprise au sein de l'organisation, et
e) revue quant à son adéquation permanente.
4.1.2.4 Objectifs et planification
La direction du laboratoire doit établir les objectifs qualité, y compris ceux nécessaires pour répondre aux
besoins et exigences des utilisateurs, aux fonctions et niveaux correspondants au sein de l'organisation. Les
objectifs qualité doivent être mesurables et cohérents avec la politique qualité.
La direction du laboratoire doit s’assurer que la planification du système de management de la qualité est
réalisée pour répondre aux exigences (voir 4.2) et aux objectifs qualité.
La direction du laboratoire doit s'assurer du maintien de l'intégrité du système de management de la qualité
lorsque des modifications sont planifiées et mises en œuvre.
4.1.2.5 Responsabilité, autorité et interrelations
La direction du laboratoire doit assurer que les responsabilités, autorités et interrelations sont définies,
documentées et communiquées au sein de l'organisation. Cela doit inclure la désignation de la ou des
personnes responsables pour chaque fonction de laboratoire et la nomination de responsables adjoints pour
toutes les fonctions clés et le personnel technique.
NOTE Il est reconnu que dans les laboratoires de plus petite taille, des personnes peuvent assurer plusieurs
fonctions, et il peut s'avérer difficile de nommer des responsables adjoints pour toutes les fonctions.
4.1.2.6 Communication
La direction du laboratoire doit être dotée de moyens efficaces permettant de communiquer avec le personnel
(voir également 4.14.4). Des enregistrements des sujets abordés dans le cadre des communications et des
réunions doivent être conservés.
La direction du laboratoire doit s'assurer que des processus de communication appropriés sont établis entre
le laboratoire et ses parties prenantes, et que la communication relative à l'efficacité des processus
préanalytiques, analytiques et post-analytiques et du système de management de la qualité est mise en place.
4.1.2.7 Responsable qualité
La direction du laboratoire doit nommer un responsable qualité qui doit avoir, quelles que soient les autres
responsabilités, la responsabilité et l'autorité déléguées qui comprennent:
a) d'assurer que les processus nécessaires au système de management de la qualité sont établis, mis en
œuvre et conservés;
b) de rendre des comptes à la direction du laboratoire, au niveau auquel les décisions sont prises
concernant la politique du laboratoire, les objectifs et les ressources, les performances du système de
management de la qualité et les besoins d'amélioration;
c) de promouvoir la sensibilisation aux besoins et exigences des utilisateurs au sein de l'organisation du
laboratoire.
4.2 Système de management de la qualité
4.2.1 Exigences générales
Le laboratoire doit établir, documenter, mettre en œuvre et entretenir un système de management de la
qualité et en améliorer en permanence l'efficacité conformément aux exigences de la présente Norme
internationale.
Le système de management de la qualité doit assurer l'intégration de tous les processus nécessaires pour
répondre à sa politique et à ses objectifs qualité, ainsi qu'aux besoins et exigences des utilisateurs.
Le laboratoire doit
a) déterminer les processus nécessaires pour le système de management de la qualité et garantir leur
application au sein du laboratoire,
b) déterminer la séquence et l'interaction de ces processus,
c) déterminer les critères et les méthodes nécessaires pour assurer l'efficacité du fonctionnement et de la
maîtrise de ces processus,
d) assurer la disponibilité des ressources et des informations nécessaires au fonctionnement et à la
surveillance de ces processus,
e) surveiller et évaluer ces processus, et
f) mettre en œuvre les actions nécessaires pour obtenir les résultats prévus et l'amélioration continue de
ces processus.
4.2.2 Exigences relatives à la documentation
4.2.2.1 Généralités
La documentation du système de management de la qualité doit comprendre
a) les déclarations d'une politique qualité (voir 4.1.2.3) et les objectifs qualité (voir 4.1.2.4),
b) un manuel qualité (voir 4.2.2.2),
c) les procédures et enregistrements requis par la présente Norme internationale,
d) les documents et enregistrements (voir 4.13), nécessaires au laboratoire pour assurer la planification, le
fonctionnement et la maîtrise efficaces de ses processus, et
e) les copies des règlementations, normes en vigueur et autres documents normatifs.
NOTE La documentation peut être dans n'importe quel format ou type de support, à condition qu'elle soit facilement
accessible et protégée contre les modifications non autorisées et détériorations indues.
4.2.2.2 Manuel qualité
Le laboratoire doit établir et tenir à jour un manuel qualité qui comprend
a) la politique qualité (4.1.2.3) ou des références à celle-ci,
b) une description de l'étendue du système de management de la qualité,
10 © ISO 2012 – Tous droits réservés
c) une présentation de l'organisation et de la structure de direction du laboratoire et sa position dans
l'organisation mère,
d) une description des rôles et responsabilités de la direction du laboratoire (y compris le directeur du
laboratoire et le directeur de la qualité) pour garantir la conformité avec la présente Norme internationale,
e) une description de la structure et des relations de la documentation utilisée dans le système de
management de la qualité, et
f) les politiques documentées établies pour le système de management de la qualité et une référence aux
activités managériales et techniques sur lesquelles elles reposent.
Tout le personnel de laboratoire doit avoir accès à et être informé quant à l'utilisation et l'application du
manuel qualité et des documents référencés.
4.3 Maîtrise des documents
Le laboratoire doit contrôler les documents requis par le système de management de la qualité et veiller à
éviter toute utilisation intempestive d'un document obsolète.
NOTE 1 Les documents qu'il convient de prendre en compte pour le contrôle des documents sont ceux susceptibles de
varier en fonction des modifications apportées dans les versions ou dans le temps. Il s'agit, par exemple, de déclarations
de politique, d'instructions d'utilisation, d'organigrammes, de procédures, de spécifications, de formulaires, de tables
d'étalonnage, d'intervalles de référence biologiques et de leur origine, de diagrammes, d'affiches, de notices, de
mémorandums, de documentations logicielles, de croquis, de plans, d'accords et de documents provenant d'une source
extérieure (par exemple des règlements, des normes ou des livres, d'où sont extraites les procédures analytiques).
NOTE 2 Les enregistrements contiennent des informations à partir d'une date précise indiquant les résultats obtenus
ou apportant la preuve des activités réalisées et sont tenus à jour conformément aux exigences mentionnées en 4.13.
Le laboratoire doit mettre en place une procédure documentée permettant de garantir ce qui suit:
a) tous les documents, y compris ceux tenus à jour dans un système informatique, publiés dans le cadre du
système de management de la qualité, sont revus et approuvés par le personnel autorisé avant édition;
b) tous les documents sont identifiés et doivent inclure
— un titre,
— un identifiant unique sur chaque page,
— la date de l'édition actuelle et/ou le numéro d'édition,
— le nombre de pages par rapport au nombre total de pages (par exemple page 1 sur 5, page 2 sur 5),
et
— l'autorité responsable de l'édition;
NOTE Le terme «édition» désigne un nombre d'impressions éditées à des dates distinctes qui intègre des
modifications et amendements. Il peut être considéré comme synonyme de «révision ou version».
c) les éditions autorisées actuelles et leur diffusion sont identifiées au moyen d'une liste (par exemple
registre de documents, journal ou index principal);
d) seules les éditions actuelles autorisées des documents applicables sont disponibles dans les lieux
d'utilisation;
e) si le système de maîtrise des documents du laboratoire permet des modifications manuscrites des
documents en attendant leur réédition, les procédures et les autorités concernant ces modifications sont
définies, les modifications étant clairement marquées, paraphées et datées, et un document révisé est
édité dans une période de temps spécifiée;
f) les modifications apportées aux documents sont identifiées;
g) les documents restent lisibles;
h) les documents sont périodiquement revus et mis à jour selon une fréquence qui garantit qu'ils restent
«aptes à l'usage»;
i) les documents contrôlés obsolètes sont datés et marqués comme étant obsolètes.
j) au moins une copie d'un document contrôlé obsolète est conservée pendant une période de temps
spécifiée ou conformément aux exigences spécifiées applicables.
4.4 Contrats de prestations
4.4.1 Établissement de contrats de prestations
Le laboratoire doit mettre en place des procédures documentées pour l'établissement et la revue des contrats
de prestations en biologie médicale.
Chaque demande d'examen acceptée par le laboratoire doit être considérée comme étant contractuelle.
Les contrats de prestations de biologie médicale doivent tenir compte de la prescription, de l'analyse et du
rapport. Le contrat doit préciser les informations nécessaires sur la demande afin de garantir une analyse et
une interprétation des résultats appropriées.
Lorsque le laboratoire conclut un contrat de prestations en biologie médicale,
a) les exigences des clients, des utilisateurs et des fournisseurs de la prestation de laboratoire, y compris
les processus analytiques à utiliser, doivent être définies, documentées et comprises (voir 5.4.2 et 5.5),
b) le laboratoire doit avoir la capacité et les ressources nécessaires pour satisfaire aux exigences,
c) le personnel du laboratoire doit avoir les qualifications et l'expérience nécessaires à la réalisation des
analyses prévues,
d) les procédures analytiques sélectionnées doivent être appropriées et capables de répondre aux besoins
des clients (voir 5.5.1),
e) les clients et utilisateurs doivent être informés des écarts par rapport au contrat qui ont un impact sur les
résultats d'analyses, et
f) tout travail sous-traité par le laboratoire à un laboratoire sous-traitant ou un consultant doit être référencé.
NOTE 1 Les clients et utilisateurs peuvent inclure les cliniciens, les organismes de santé, les organismes ou agences
de tiers payant, les entreprises pharmaceutiques et les patients.
NOTE 2 Si les patients sont des clients (si les patients ont la possibilité de demander directement des analyses, par
exemple), il convient de mentionner les changements de prestations dans des notes explicatives et des comptes rendus
de laboratoire.
12 © ISO 2012 – Tous droits réservés
NOTE 3 Il convient que les laboratoires ne prennent pas de dispositions financières avec les médecins prescripteurs
ou les organismes de financement lorsque ces dispositions incitent à la répétition des examens ou des consultations des
patients ou interfèrent avec l'indépendance du jugement du praticien concernant l'intérêt du patient.
4.4.2 Revue des contrats de prestations
Les revues des contrats de prestations de biologie médicale doivent inclure tous les aspects du contrat. Les
enregi
...
19115 وزـــيأ ةيلودلا ةيسايقلا ةفصاوملا
ةيمسرلا ةمجرتلا
Official translation
Traduction officielle
ثلاثلا رادصلإا
2012-11-01
ةححصملا ةخسنلا
2012-08-11
ةءافكلا و ةدوجلا تابلطتم – ةيبطلا تاربتخملا
Medical laboratories — Requirements for quality and competence (E)
Laboratoires de biologie médicale — Exigences concernant la qualité
et la compétence (F)
ةمجرتلا ةقد تدمتعا يتلاISO يف ءاضعأ تائيه10نع ةبانلإاب ةيمسر ةيبرع ةمجرتك ارسيوس ،فينج يف ISO ةيزكرملا ةناملأا يف تعبط
.) ii ةحفص يف ةمئاقلا رظنا (
ىعجرملا مقرلا
ISO 15189/2012 (A)
ةيمسرلا ةمجرتلا
©ISO 2012
)ع( 2012/11181 وزيأ
)هيونت( ةيلوئسم ءلاخإ
اذذه ةعابط نكمي هنإف Adobe ـل صيخرتلا ةسايس بجومبو ، ةجمدُم طوطخ ىلع )PDF( فلملا اذه يوتحي دق
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ـذذل صيخرذذتلا ةذذسايسب يلاذذخلإا ادذذع ةيلوئذذسم - فذذلملا اذذذه ذذيزنت دذذنع - ارذذطلأا ذذمحتت و . يدذذعتلا هذذيف متذذي
. ياجملا اذه يايح ةينوناق ةيلوئسم يأ محتت لا وزيلآلةماعلا ةيراتركسلا نأنيح يف،Adobe
.Adobeـلا مظنل ةدحتملا ةكرشلل ةلجسم ةيراجت ةملاع Adobe ـلا دعت
ةذماعلا تاذمولعملا نذم فذلملا اذذه ءاذشنش يذف ةمدختذسملا ماربلاذب ةذصاخلا يذصافتلا ذيمج يذلع يوصحلا نكمي
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، فذلملا اذذهب لذلعتت ةلكذشم يأ شودذح ةذلاح يذفو ، يذيقتلل ةذيلودلا ةذمظنملا ءاضعلأ امئلام فلملا اذه اادختسا
.هاندأ جسملا ناونعلا ىلع ةماعلا ةيراتركسلا غلابش ىجرُي
ةفصاوملا تدمتعأ يتلا ةيبرعلا سييقتلا تاهج
ندرلأا
ةيندرلأا سيياقملاو تافصاوملا ةسسؤم
تاراملإا
سيياقملاو تافصاوملل تاراملإا ةئيه
رئازجلا
سييقتلل يرئازجلا دهعملا
ةيدوعسلا
سيياقملاو تافصاوملل ةيدوعسلا ةئيهلا
قارعلا
ةيعونلا ةرطيسلاو سييقتلل يزكرملا زاهجلا
تيوكلا
ةعانصلل ةماعلا ةئيهلا
نادوسلا
سيياقملاو تافصاوملل ةينادوسلا ةئيهلا
نميلا
ةدوجلا طبضو سيياقملاو تافصاوملل ةينميلا ةئيهلا
سنوت
ةيعانصلا ةيكلملاو تافصاوملل ىنطولا دهعملا
ايروس
ةيروسلا ةيبرعلا سيياقملاو تافصاوملا ةئيه
ايبيل
ةيسايقلا ريياعملاو تافصاوملل ىنطولا زكرملا
رصم
ةدوجلاو تافصاوملل ةماعلا ةيرصملا ةئيهلا
رشنلاو عبطلا قوقح ةيامح ةقيثو
©2012وزيأ
ةليسو يأب وأ كش يأب همادختسا وأ رادصلإا اذه نم ءزج يأ جاتنش ةداعش زوجي لا ،كلذ لاخ دري كل امو .ةظوفحم قوقحلا يمج
دحا وأ هاندأ ناونعلا ىلع ييقتلل ةيلودلا ةمظنملا نم امش يطخ نذش نود ةقيقدلا الافلأاو خسنلا كلذ يف امب ةيكيناكيم وأ ةينورتكلا
.ةبلاطلا ةهجلا ةلود يف ييقتلل ةيلودلا ةمظنملا يف ءاضعلأا تائيهلا
ييقتلل ةيلودلا ةمظنملا ةيكلم قوقح بتكم
20 فينج -Ch-1211- 15 :يديربلا زمرلا
0021227210111 :فتاه
0021227210127 : كاف
copyright@iso.org :ينورتكلا ديرب
www.iso.org :ينورتكللاا قوملا
2018 يف ةيبرعلا ةخسنلارشن مت
ارسيوس يف رشنلا مت
)ع( 2012/11181 وزيأ
تايوتحملا
iv . ديهمت
v . ةمدقم
1 . لاجملا 1
1 . ةيليمكتلا عجارملا 2
........................................................................................... فيراعتلاو تاحلطصملا
1 3
.................................................................................................. ةرادلاا تابلطتم
6 4
5 . ةسسؤملا و ةرادلاا ةيلوؤسم 1/2
1 . ةدوجلا ةرادا ااظن 2/2
10 . لئاثولاب مكحتلا 3/2
11 . تامدخلا تايقافتا 2/2
12 . ةيعجرملا تاربتخملا بق نم صحفلا 1/2
13 . ةيجراخلا تازيهجتلا و تامدخلا 5/2
13 . ةيراشتسا تامدخ 7/2
.................................................................................. يواكشلا ةيوست 8/2
.................................................................... ةقباطملا ادع ةبقارم و ديدحت 1/2
12 . يحيحصت ءارجا 10/2
11 . يئاقو ءارجا 11/2
11 . رمتسملا نيسحتلا 12/2
11 . تلاجسلاب مكحتلا 13/2
17 . ليقدتلا و مييقتلا 12/2
11 . ةرادا ةعجارم 11/2
.................................................................................................. ةينفلا تابلطتملا
22 9
................................................................................................... نيفظوملا 1/1
22 .فييكتلا و هيئيبلا ورظلا 2/1
22 . تاكلهتسملاو ةفشاكلا ةيوايميكلا داوملاو ةيربتخملا ةزهجلاا 3/1
27 . صحفلا بق تايلمع 2/1
31 . صحفلا تايلمع 1/1
32 . صحفلا ئاتن ةدوج ديكوت 5/1
35 . صحفلا دعب تايلمع 7/1
37 . ئاتنلا ريرقت 8/1
38 . ئاتنلا نلاعا 1/1
20 . ربتخملا تامولعم ةرادا 10/1
42 …….….ISO 9001:2008و ISO / IEC 17025 : 2005 نيب طبارتلا ) ىداشرتسا ( أ قحلم
44 .ISO 15189:2007&ISO15189:2012 نيب ةنراقملا )ىداشرتسا ( ب قحلم
94 . رداصملا
iii
ISO 2012© ةظوفحم قوقحلا عيمج
)ع( 2012/11181 وزيأ
ديهمت
و ، )وزيلآا يف ءاضعلأا تاهجلا( ةينطولا ييقتلا تاهجل يملاع داحتا يه ) ييقتلل ةيلودلا ةمظنملا(وزيلآا
اامتها اهل وضعلا ةهجلا تناك اذش و ، وزيلآل ةينفلا ناجللا يلاخ نم ةيلودلا تافصاوملا دادعش متي ام ابلاغ
معلا يف كراشي و . ةنجللا كلت يف ّثمم هل نوكي نأ يف لحلا وضعلا اذهل نإف ، ةينف ةنجل هل تل كُش دق عوضومب
انواعت وزيلآا نواعتت و . وزيلآا م صاوت اهل يتلا ،ةيموكحلا ريغ و اهنم ةيموكحلا ةيلودلا تامظنملا كلذك
. ينقتورهكلا ياجملا يف ييقتلا مهت يتلا روملأا يمج يف )يس يش يأ( ةينقتورهكلا ةيلودلا ةنجللا م اقيثو
.يناثلا ءزجلا - يس يش يأ/وزيلآا تاهيجوت يف ةدراولا حئاولل اقفو ةيلودلا تافصاوملا غاصتو
تائيهلاىلع ةيلودلا تافصاوملا يراشم يزوت متي و .ةيلودلا تافصاوملا دادعا وه ةينفلا ناجلل ةيسيئرلا ةمهملا
تائيهلا نم قلأا ىلع %71 ةقفاوم ةيلود تافصاومك يراشملا هذه رادصا بلطتي و .تيوصتلل ةينطولا
.تيوصتلا اهل لحي يتلا ةينطولا
محتت نل و .عارتخلاا ةءارب قوقحل ةعضاخ ةقيثولا هذه رصانع ضعب نوكت نأ ةيلامتحا ىلش هابتنلاا تفل دون و
. اهعيمج وأ قوقحلا هذه نم ّيأ ديدحت ةيلوؤسم (ISO) ييقتلل ةيلودلا ةمظنملا
ةمظنا و ةيبطلا تاربتخملا صحف ،ISO/TC 212 ةينفلا ةنجللا ةطساوب 11181 وزيلاا ةفصاوم دادعش مت دقو
ضارملاا صيخشت صحف
اهحيقنت و اهتعجارم تمت يتلا و ، ) ISO 15189 : 2007 ) ةيناثلا ةخسنلا يدبتست و يغلت ةثلاثلا ةخسنلا هذه
. اينف
)ع( 2012/11181 وزيأ
ةمدقم
و ةءافكلا تابلطتم ددحت يتلا و , ISO 9001 و ISO/IEC 17025 ةفصاوم ىلع ةفصاوملا هذه دمتعت
وا ضعبل ليبطتلل ةلباق تابلطتم وا ةددحم ةمظنا كلمي يذلا دلبلا ةفرعم و . ةيبطلا تاربتخملاب ةصاخلا ةدوجلا
.ياجملا اذه يف مهتايلوؤسم و مهتاطاشن و نيينهملا نيفظوملا ك
و ىضرملا يمج تاجايتحا م لباطتلا رفوي يذلا و ضيرملاب ةيانعلا ىه ةيبطلا تاربتخملا مع ساسا
تابلطل تابيترت نمضتت تامدخلا ضعب . ىضرملاب ةيانعلل يريرسلا بطلاب نيصتخملا نيفظوملا ةيلوؤسم
تاصوحفلا و تايلمعلا ، نيزختلا ، قنلا ، صحفلا جذامن يمجت ، ضيرملا فيرعت ، ضيرملا ةئيهت ، صحفلا
تارابتعا ىلا ةفاضلااب و ةراشتسلاا و ئاتنلا ريرقت ، بقاعتلاب ريسفتلا م ةقفارم ةيريرسلا صحفلا جذامنل
. ةيبطلا تاربتخملا مع يف يقلاخلاا داشرلاا و ةملاسلا
تاربتخملا ةمدخ يف بوغرملا نم ، ةيلحملا و ةيميلقلاا و ةينطولا تابلطتملا و ةمظنلاا بق نم حمست يتلا
ىلا ةفاضلااب ضارملاا نمل ةمدخلا تاطاشن كراشت و ةراشتسلاا تلااحل ىضرملا صحف اهنمضت ةيبطلا
معلا مقاطل اولعلا ىلع يوصحلا صرف و بسانملا ميلعتلل صرف ربتخم ك رفوي . ضيرملا ةرادا و صيخشتلا
. ربتخملا يف نيلماعلا نيينهملا
ةيبطلا تاربتخملا تامدخل صصختملا ارتعلاا يلاخ نم اادختسلاا ةيلودلا ةيسايقلا ةفصاوملا هذه ددحت امنيب
ءابزيفلا و يبطلا ريوصتلا ةيمها و . ةيريرسلا ءايزيفلا ثم صصختلا و ىرخلاا تامدخلا يف معلا اذه ،
اهمادختسا نكمي وس يتلا و ةيبطلا تاربتخملا ةءافكب ارتعلال تائيهلا اازلا ىلا ةفاضلااب ، اهتمئلام و ةيبطلا
هرايتخا بجي دامتعا ىلع ربتخملا صح اذا و .، تاطاشنلا هذهل ةيساسا ةدعاقك ةيلودلا ةيسايقلا ةفصاوملا هذهب
ةصاخلا تابلطتملا نابسحلاب ذخؤي يتلا و ISO / IEC 17011 ةفصاوملا بجومب هلاغتشا دنع ةدمتعم ةئيهك
. ةيبطلا تاربتخملل
طورشل ةيفوتسم ةيبطلا تاربتخملا نوكن امدنع دامتعلاا ضارغلال اادختسلاا يف ةيسايقلا ةفصاوملا هذه ددحتلا
و يرادلاا ااظنلا تابلطتم و ةينفلا ةءافكلا تابلطتم نينثلاا ةقباطمو ةيلودلا ةفصاوملا هذه يف ةدراولا تابلطتملا
ةغللا ةبوتكملا و 2 دنب يف يرادلاا ااظنلا تابلطتم . اينقت ةعوضوملا ئاتنلا ميلست نمضتم يرورض نوكي يذلا
– ةدوجلا ةرادا ةمظنا ISO 9001: 2008, ةفصاوملا لباطت يتلا و ةيبطلا تاربتخملا يغشتب ةصاخلا
) Jiont IAF-ILAC-ISO Communique issued in 2009( تابلطتم م ةئفاكم نوكت يتلا و تابلطتملا
ISO 9001: اضيا و ISO 15189 ةفصاومل ) ثلاثلا ( رادصلاا اذهل يعرفلا و يسيئرلا دنبلا نيب ةقلاعلا نا
. ISO / IEC 17025 و 2008
، 2/2/1 ةيعجرملا تارقفلاب ةفصاوملا هذه يف حضوم يبطلا ربتخملا تاطاشنب ةطبترملا ةيئيبلا تارادصلاا
. 7/1 و 2/1/1/1 ، 2/1 ، 3/1 ، 5/2/11
v
ISO 2012© ةظوفحم قوقحلا عيمج
)ع( 2012/11181 وزيأ
ةءافكلا و ةدوجلا تابلطتم – ةيبطلا تاربتخملا
لاجملا -1
. ةيبطلا تاربتخملل ةءافكلا و ةدوجلا تابلطتم ةفصاوملا هذه ددحت
اضيا و مهتسفانم ءانثا مييقتلا و ةدوجلل ةيرادلاا مهتمظناريوطتل ةيبطلا تاربتخملا بق نم ةفصاوملا هذه ادختست
وا ةميظنتلا تاطلسلا وا ربتخملا يمدختسم بق نم ارتعلال وا ةيبطلا تاربتخملا ةيلها ديكوتل ادختست نا نكمي
. دامتعلاا تائيه
. ةيلودلا ةفصاوملا هذه اهلمشت ةددحم يضاوم ىلع ةيميلقلاا وا ةينطولا وا ةيلودلا تاعيرشتلا ليبطت نكمي – ةظحلام
ةيليمكتلا عجارملا -2
لبطت جارملل رادصا خيرات دوجو ةلاح يف .ةقيثولا هذه ليبطتل اهنع ءانغتسلاا نكميلا ةيلاتلا ةيعجرملا لئاثولا
ةروكذملا ةيعجرملا ةقيثولا نم ةعبط رخا لبطتف اخيرات محيلا يذلا رادصلاا ةلاح يف اما . طقف ةروكذملا ةعبطلا
. ) تلايدعت يا ةنمضتم ( هاندا
. ةماع ئدابمو تاحلطصم – ةقباطملا مييقت 2002 :17000 يس يش يأ /وزيأ
تاربتخملا ريياعم و رابتخلاا ةءافكل ةماع تابلطتم 2001 : 17021 يس يا يأ/ وزيا
ةماع تاحلطصم – اهب ةقلعتملا تاطاشنلا و ييقتلا 2002: 2 يلد يس يا يأ / وزيا
تاحلطصملا و ةماعلا و ةيساسلاا ميهافملا – سايقلل ةيلود تاحلطصم 2007 : 11 يلد يس يا يأ / وزيا
. ) VIM ( اهب ةلصتملا
فيراعتلاو تاحلطصملا -3
ةيلودلا ةيسايقلا تافصاوملا يف ةددحملا فيراعتلا و تاحلطصملا ةيلودلا ةفصاوملا هذه ضارغلا لبطت
ISO/IEC 17000 & ISO/IEC GUIDE 2 & ISO/IEC GUIDE 99
: ةيلاتلا تاحلطصملا و فيراعتلا عم
: دامتعلاا 1/3
. ةددحم ااهم ءادلا ةئيهل ايمسر افارتعا يطعتل ةيمسر ةثيه هعبتت يذلا ءارجلاا وه
: راذنلاا ةرتف / ةجرحلا ةرتفلا 2 /3
نم ضيرملا ىلع رشابم رطخ دوجو ىلع يدت يتلا ) جرحلا ( راذنلاا رابتخلا صحفلا ئاتن نم ةرتف
. ةافولا وا ةباصلاا
. طقف ةيادبلا ديدحت متي ثيح ، ةحوتفم ةرتفلا ةياهن نوكت دق :1 ةظحلام
. نيمدختسملا و ىضرملل راذنلاا تارابتخلا ةبسانملا ةمئاقلا ربتخملا ددحي :2 ةظحلام
ISO 2012 © - ةظوفحم قوقحلا عيمج
)ع( 2012/11181 وزيأ
: جئاتنلا نع غلابلاا و يللاا رايتخلاا 3/3
ريياعم نمض جردنت يتلا ئاتنلا و ، ربتخملا تامولعم ااظن ىلا ضيرملا صحف ئاتن ياسرا اهيف متي ةيلمع
. يفاضا خدت يا نود ىضرملا ريرقت جذومن يف ايئاقلت جردت ةددحم
: ةيويحلا ةيعجرملا ةرتفلا 4/3
ةيعجرملا ةرتفلا
. يويح جرم متجم نم ةذوخاملا ميقلا يزوتل ةددحملا ةرتفلا نوكت
و متجم نم صملا يف اويدوصلا نويا زيكرت ميقل ) % 11 ( ـل ةيزكرملا ةيويحلا ةيعجرملا ةرتفلا : ياثم
. رتل / يوم يلم 121 ةياغل و رتل / يوم يلم 131 نوكت شانلاا و روكذلا نم ءاحصلاا و نيغلابلا ضورفملا
ةرتفلل رظانتم ريغ قوم وا رخا بناجب و %11 ـل ةيزكرم ةرتفك ةعئاشلا و ةفرعملا ةيعجرملا ةرتفلا نوكت : 1 ةظحلام
ةصاخ تلااح يف ةبسانم رثكا نوكت يتلا و ةيعجرملا
. ةمدختسملا صحفلا ةقيرط ىلع و ةيلولاا جذامنلا عون ىلع ةيعجرملا ةرتفلا دمتعت : 2 ةظحلام
ةرتف ثمي يذلا و يولع دحك ، يرورض نوكي ددحم دحاو يويح جرم ناف تلااحلا ضعب يف : 3 ةظحلام
x ـل ةيواسم وا نم قا نوكت يتلا و ةيويح ةيعجرم
جشم ريغ يلاتلاب و ةضماغ ربتعت ) يبطلا يدعملا و ةيداعلا ميقلا و يعيبطلا يدعملا ( :لاثم تاحلطصم : 2 ةظحلام
. اهمادختسا
: ةءافكلا 9 /3
. تاراهملا و ةفرعملا ليبطت ىلع ةردقلا راهظا يه
يف اديدحت رثكا كشب ةملكلا ادختست نا نكميو .ةيلودلا ةفصاوملا هذه يف ااع كشب ةءافكلا اوهفم فيرعت مت : ةظحلام
ةفصاوملاب فيرعتلل اقفو . وزيلال ىرخا لئاثو
)ISO 9000 : 2005 ), ( 1/3/5 ( دنبلا
: قثوم ءارجا 6 /3
. اهيلع ةظفاحملا و اهقيبطت و اهقيثوت مت ةيلمع وا طاشن ذيفنتل ةفوصوم ةقيرط
. ةدحاو ةقيثو نم رثكا وا ةدحاو ةقيثو يف اهلوانت نكمي لثوملا ءارجلاا تابلطتم : 1 ةظحلام
) ISO 9000: 2005 ( )1/2/3( دنبلا . ةفصاوملاب فيرعتلل اقفو : 2 ةظحلام
: صحفلا 4 /3
. ةصاخ ةزيم صئاصخ وا ةميق ديدحت اهنم دهلا تايلمعلا نم ةعومجم
نم ةعومجمل يلكلا طاشنلا نع ةرابع صحفلا نوكي ) ةقيقدلا ءايحلاا ملع ثم ( تاصصختلا ضعب يف : 1 ةظحلام
. تاسايقلا وا تاظحلاملا وا تارابتخلاا
صئاصخ ددحت يتلا كلت و . ةيمك تاصوحف ىمست ةصاخلا ةزيملا ةميق ددحت يتلا ةيربتخملا تارابتخلاا : 2 ةظحلام
. ةيعون تاصوحف ىمست ةصاخلا ةزيملا
. تارابتخا وا تاساقملا ابلاغ ىمست ةيربتخملا تاصوحفلا : 3 ةظحلام
)ع( 2012/11181 وزيأ
: تاربتخملا نيب ةيئيبلا ةنراقملا 1 /3
نم رثكا وا رثكا وا نينثا بق نم ةهباشتم دونبل وا دونبلا فنل تارابتخلاا وا تاسايقلا مييقت و ءادا و ةرادا
)ISO/IEC17043 :2010 ) )2/3( دنب ، ةفصاوملاب فيرعتلل اقفو . اقبسم ةددحم طورشل اقفو تاربتخملا
ربتخملا ريدم 5 /3
. هيف ةطلس ىلعا نوكي و ربتخملا نع يؤوسم ) صاخشا ( وا صخش وه
ىلع ةللادلل كرتشم كشب " ربتخملا ريدم " حلطصم ادختسي ، ةيلودلا ةيسايقلا ةفصاوملا هذه ضارغلا : 1 ةظحلام
. صاخشا ةعومجم وا صخش
. بيردتلاو تلاهؤملاب للعتي اميف ةيلحملا و ةيميلقلاا و ةينطولا طباوضلا لبطت : 2 ةظحلام
: ربتخملا ةرادا 12/3
. ربتخملا تاطاشن ريدي و ههجوي يذلا صاخشا وا صخش وه
ISO 9000 : ةيلودلا ةيسايقلا ةفصاوملا يف ) ايلعلا ةرادلاا ( حلطصمل دارم وه ) ربتخملا ةرادا ( حلطصم : ةظحلام
: يريرس ربتخم / يبط ربتخم 11 /3
ضارما وا ةيعانملا ادلا ضارما وا ةيئايميكلا داوملاوا ةيعانملا وا ةقيقدلا ءايحلاا صوحف ءارجاب اوقي ربتخم
داوملا تاصوحف نم اهريغ وا ، ةيثارولا تانيجلا وا ضارملاا ملعوا ةيجيسنلا وا ةيويحلا ءايزيفلا وا ادلا
مييقتل وا ضارملاا نم جلاعل او ةياقولا و ةرادلاا و صيخشتلل تامولعم زيهجت ضرغل ناسنلاا مسج نم ةقتشملا
ئاتنلا ريسفت كلذ يف امب ربتخملا مع بناوج يمج يطغت ةيراشتسا ةمدخ رفوت نا نكمي يتلا و ناسنلاا ةحص
. ةبسانم ىرخا يلاحت ناشب ةروشملا ميدقت و
تانئاكلا وا ةفلتخملا داوملا دوجو ادع وا دوجو فصو وا سايق و ديدحتل تاءارجا تارابتخلاا هذه اضيا مشت : ةظحلام
. ةقيقدلا ةيحلا
: ةقباطملا مدع 12 /3
بلطتمل ءافيتسلاا ادع
"و " شدح "و " أطخ "و "يضرع شدح "و " شداح ": نمضتت و اهمادختسا رركتي ىرخا تاحلطصم : 1 ةظحلام
ةيلودلا ةيسايقلا ةفصاوملا يف حضوم امك . " ءىجافم رظ شودح "و " ةثداح
[ 2-5/3 دنبلا ، ISO 9000: 2005]
: POCT ةزكرملا ةيانعلا رابتخا 13/3
ضيرملا برق متي رابتخا
ةيانعلل نكمملا ريغتلا ىلا يدؤت ئاتن ىلع يوصحلل ضيرملا قوم فن يف وا ضيرملا برق رابتخلاا ىدؤي
)1/3 ( دنبلا (ISO/IEC 22870:2006) ةفصاوملا يف ةفصاوم يف حضوم امك . ضيرملاب
ISO 2012 © - ةظوفحم قوقحلا عيمج
)ع( 2012/11181 وزيأ
: صحفلا دعبام تايلمع 14/3
يلحتلا دعبام روط
نم صلختلاو ةيبطلا داوملاب ظافتحلااو نيزختلا و ئاتنلا ةعجارم مشت و صحفلا بتت يتلا تايلمعلا نمضتت
. صحفلا ئاتنب ظافتحلاا و غلابلااو قلاطلاا و ليسنتلاو ) تايافنلا ( و تانيعلا
: صحفلا لبق تايلمع 19/3
يلحتلا بق روط
فيرعتلا وريضحتلا و صحفلا بلط كلذ يف امب ءابطلاا بلط نم ، ) ينمز بيترتب ( ادبت يتلا تاوطخلا
تاصوحفلا يف ءدبلا دنع يهتنت و ربتخملا خاد و ىلا قنلا و ةيلولاا ) تانيعلا وا ( ةنيعلا مج و ضيرملاب
. ةيليلحتلا
جذومنلا / ةيلولاا ةنيعلا 16/3
نم رثكا وا ةدحاو يلحتوا ةساردلا و يسنلا وا رعشلا وا فنتلا نم وا مسجلا ئاوس نم ءزج صحفلل ذخؤي
. كلا ىلع لبطي نا ضرتفي و صئاصخلا وا تايمكلا
لئاثولا م لفاوتم نوكي يذلا و جذومنلا حلطصم ) GHTF ( يملاعلا لفاوتلا ااهم ليرف ادختسي : 1 ةظحلام
. ةيبطلا تاربتخملا يف صحفلل ساسلاا يف ةصصخملا ةيويحلا صحفلا تانيعل ةيداشرلاا
مسج نم ةصلختسم ةيجولويب صحف جذامنك تانيعلا فيرعت متي CEN و ISO لئاثو ضعب يف : 2 ةظحلام
. ناسنلاا
يذلا و ) كلذ نم لادب ةيعرف ةنيع وا ( ةيلوا ةنيع نم لادب ) جذومن ( حلطصم ادختسي راطقلاا ضعب يف : 3 ةظحلام
. هصحف دهب ربتخملا نم الاتسلاا وا ىلا ياسرلال رضحم نوكي
: ةيلمعلا 14/3
. تاجرخملا ىلا تلاخدملا يوحت يتلا ةلعافتم وا ةلخادتم تاطاشن ةعومجم
. ىرخا تايلمعل تاجرخم نوكت ةماع ةيلمعلا تلاخدم : 1 ةظحلام
1/2/3 يف ةفرعملا و 2001 : 1000 وزيلاا ةفصاوم م ةمئلاتملا : 2 ةظحلام
: ةدوجلا 11 /3
. ةعوضوملا تابلطتملل ةيفوتسملا ةيساسلاا صئاصخلا ةجرد يه
. ةزاتمم و ةديج و ةئيدر لاثم ىرخا تافص ) ةدوجلا ( حلطصم م اادختسا نكمي : 1 ةظحلام
. ةتباثلا صئاصخلا ينعي يساسلاا : 2 ةظحلام
. 1/1/ 3 يف ةفرعملا و 2001 : 1000 وزيلاا ةفصاوم يف امك
: ةدوجلا رشؤم 15/3
. ةعوضوملا تابلطتملل ةيفوتسملا ةيساسلاا صئاصخلا ةجردل سايقم وه
)ع( 2012/11181 وزيأ
جراخ %( بويع % ، ) ةددحم طورش نمض % ( دئاعلا % ـ ، ياثملا يبس ىلع هنع ريبعتلا نكمي سايقم : 1 ةظحلام
امكيس ةتس سايقم ىلع وا ) DPMO( ةرم نويلم كل شدحت يتلا بويعلا ، ) ةددحملا تابلطتملا
ةيليغشتلا تايلمعلا يمج ةدوج و نيمدختسملا تابلطتم و تاجايتحلا ةسسؤملا ةيبلت ىدمب ةدوجلا رشؤم ساقي : 2 ةظحلام
يوبلا صحف جذامن ددع ناف ، ةثولم ريغ ريتخملا يف يوبلا صحف جذامن الاتسلا تابلطتملا تناك اذا : ياثم
ةدوجل سايقم نوكت ) ةيلمعلل ةيساسلاا صئاصخلا ( ةملتسملا يوبلا صحف جذامن كل % ةبسنك ةثولملا
. ةيلمعلا
ةدوجلا ةرادا ماظن 22/3
. ةدوجلاب للعتي اميف ةسسؤملا طيض و هيجوتل ةرادا ااظن وه
دراوملا ةرادا و ريفوت و ةماعلا ةيرادلاا تاطاشنلا ىلا فيرعتلا اذه يف ) ةدوجلا ةرادا ااظن ( حلطصم ريشي :1 ةظحلام
. رمتسملا نيسحتلا و مييقتلا و صحفلا دعب ام و صحفلا و صحفلا بقام تايلمعوا
. 3 /2/3 ةرقف 2001 : 1000 وزيلاا ةفصاوم م ةمئلاتملا : 2 ةظحلام
: ةدوجلا ةسايس 21 /3
. ربتخملا ةرادا بق نم ايمسر ددحملا و ةدوجلاب للعتملا ربتخملل ااعلا هاجتلاا و تاهيجوتلا يه
ادها ذيفنتل معلا راطاب ةزهجملا و ةسسؤملل ةماعلا ةسايسلا م ةقسانتم ةماع ةروصب ةدوجلا ةسايس : 1 ةظحلام
. ةدوجلا
. 2/2/3 ةرقف 2001 : 1000 وزيلاا ةفصاوم م ةقفاوتم : 2 ةظحلام
: ةدوجلا فده 22 / 3
. ةدوجلاب للعتملا و هيلا دهن وا هدشننام وه
. ربتخملل ةدوجلا ةسايس ساسا ىلع زكترت ةماع ةروصب ةدوجلا ادها : 1 ةظحلام
. ةسسؤملا يف اهتايوتسم و فئاظولا اهددحت ةماع ةروصب ةدوجلا ادها : 2 ةظحلام
1/2/3 ةرقف 2001: 1000 وزيلاا ةفصاوم م ةقفاوتم : 3 ةظحلام
: يعجرملا ربتخملا 23/3
. صحفلل هيف ةنيعلا ضخت يذلا يجراخ ربتخم
وا صحفلل ةيعرفلا ةنيعلا وا ةنيعلا عاضخلا ةرادلاا اهراتخت يتلا تاربتخملا دحا وه يعجرملا ريتخملا : 1 ةظحلام
و ةماعلا ةحصلا نمضتي يذلا ربتخملا نم فتلخي اذه . ) ةيرودلا ( ةينيتورلا تاصوحفلا ءارجا نمربتخملا يطتسيلا امدنع
تاعيرشتلا وا ةيلكيهلا بسح هل تانيعلا ميدقت ازلي يذلا ) الاا ( يزكرملا ربتخملا لفرما اارولاا يجست وا يعرشلا بطلا
: ةنيعلا 24 /3
. ةيلوا ةنيع نم رثكا وا دحاو ءزج ذخؤي
. ربكلاا صملا مجح نم ذوخاملا صملا محج : ياثم
ISO 2012 © - ةظوفحم قوقحلا عيمج
)ع( 2012/11181 وزيأ
: لماكلا تقولا 29/3
. صحفلا دعبام و ءانثا و بق تايلمع يلاخ ةددحم نيتطقن نيب قرغتسملا تقولا
: ةيحلاصلا رارقا 26/3
نيعم ضرغل اادختسا وا ام ليبطتل ةمزلالا تابلطتملا ناب سوململا و يداملا يلدلا ميدقتو يلاخ نم ديكات وه
. اهؤافيتسا مت دق
. ةقباطملا ةلاح ىلع ةللادلل ادختسي ) ةيحلاصلا( حلطصم : 1 ةظحلام
1 /8/3 ةرقف 2001 : 1000 وزيلاا ةفصاوم م ةقفاوتملا : 2 ةظحلام
: ققحتلا 24 / 3
. اهؤافيتسا مت دق ةددحملا تابلطتملا ناب يداملا يلدلا ميدقت يلاخ نم ديكات وه
ةقباطملا ةلاح ةيمستل ادختسي لقحتلا حلطصم : 1 ةظحلام
: ةيتلاا تاطاشنلا مشي ديكاتلا :2 ةظحلام
ةليدب تاباسح ءارجا -ا
. اهيلع ةنهربلا مث ههباشملا ميمصتلا تابلطتم م ةديدجلا ميمصتلا تابلطتم ةنراقم -ب
. اهتابثا و تاصوحفلا زاجناب دهعتلا -ج
.1/8/3 ةرقف 2001 :1000 وزيلاا ةفصاوم لفو اهرادصا بق لئاثولا ةعجارم -د
ةرادلاا تابلطتم -4
ةسسؤملا و ةرادلاا ةيلوؤسم 1/ 4
ةسسؤملا1/1/ 4
ماع 1/1/1/4
ةيلودلا ةيسايقلا ةفصاوملا هذه يف ةدراولا تابلطتملا ) ربتخمك هاندا يف ةراشلاا ( يبطلا ربتخملا لباطي
. قنتلا وا ياصتلاا ئاسو وا ةتباث ئاسوب معلا يرجي امدنع
ينوناقلا مسقلا 2/1/1/ 4
ةينوناقلا ةيلوؤسملا محتي يذلا ينوناق مسق هل اهنم ءزج ربتخملا نوكي يتلا ةسسؤملا وا ربتخملا
. هتاطاشنل
يقلاخلاا كولسلا و ةرادلاا 3/1/1/ 4
: يتلاا نم دكاتلل قوملا يف تابيترت ءارجا ىلع ربتخملا ةرادا معت
. هلاغتشا ةملاس وا هتارارق و هتهازن و ربتخملا ةءافك يف ةقثلا فعضت يتلا و ربتخملا تاطاشن يف خدتلا ادع -ا
ىلع ايسكع رثؤت دق يتلا ىرخا تاطوغضلا و ةيلاملا و ةيراجتلا روملاا ك نم ةيلاخ نوكت نيفظوملاو ةرادلاا كولس -ب
. اهلمع روطت و ةدوج
)ع( 2012/11181 وزيأ
ةروصب هنع نلعم وا احوتفم نوكي نا يغبني ، ةيجراخ امبر ةيسفانت تامامتهلا ىضرملا م لاخ شودح دنع -ج
. ةبسانم
ةجسنلااك ةيرشبلا صحفلا جذامن م مهلماعت ناك ربتخملا يف نيلماعلا نا نم دكاتلل بسانم مع بولسا كانه نوكي – د
. عوضوملاب ةقلعتملا ةينوناقلا تابلطتملا بجومب اهاياقب وا
. تامولعملا ةيرس وا ةيصوصخ ناصت و ظفحت - ـه
ربتخملا ريدم 4/1/1/4
. ةزهجملا تامدخلل ةضوفم ةيلوؤسم و هءافك وذ صاخشا ةدع وا صخش بق نم ربتخملا ريدي
يف ةلص وذ ةيوبرتلا و ةيرادلاا و ةيميظنتلا و ةيراشتسلاا و ةيملعلا و ةيفارتحلاا ربتخملا ريدم تايلوؤسم نمضتت -
. ربتخملا بق نم ةمدقملا تامدخلا
ازتلي و ظفتحي ربتخملا ريدم ىلا ةفاضلااب نيئوفك نيفظومل تايلوؤسملا وا تابجاولا ربتخملا ريدم ضوفي و راتخي -
. ربتخملا يف اهترادا و تايلمعلا يمجل ةيساسلاا ةيلوؤسملاب
. ربتخملا ريدم تايلوؤسم و تابجاو يمج لثوت -
ةيساسلاا دراوملا و ةطلسلا و ةيرورضلا ةسفانملاك ) ةضوفملا تابجاولل ىمسملا وا ( ربتخملا ريدم كلمي -
. ةفصاوملا هذه يف ةدراولا طورشلل ةيفوتسملا تابلطتملا ليبطت ضرغل
: يتلااب ) نيضوفملا / ضوفملا وا ( ربتخملا ريدم فصتي
كل ةيميظنتلا دودحلا بجومب ةيلاملا ةرادلاا و يلاملا طيطختلا ةنمضتملا و يبطلا ربتخملا ةمدخل ةلاعفلا ةدايقلا دوزت -ا
تايلوؤسملا
ةحصلا ةياعر ةمظنم و ةبسانملا ةيمسرلا ةرادا و دامتعلاا و مبظنتلا تلااكو م عافلا يفيظولا معلا و طابترلاا -ب
. كلذ بلطت اذا ةيمسرلا تايقافتلاا نيدوزم و ىضرملا ناكسلا ةمدخو
و يبطلا ربتخملل تامدخ ميدقتل ةءافك و يفاك بيردت و ميلعت ىلع نيلصاحلا نيلماعلا نم ةبسانم دادعا دوجو نم دكاتلا -ج
. نيمدختسملا تابلطتم و تاجايتحلاا لباطي يذلا
. ةدوجلا ةسايس دامتعا نم دكاتلا -د
. ليبطتلل ةلباقلا تابلطتملا و ةديجلا تاسرامملا م لفاوتلاب و ربتخملل ةنما ةئيب ليقحت - ـه
. ليبطتلل باق و بسانم ناك اذا ةيمدخلا تلايهستلا كلتل نيبطلا نيلماعلل مهاسم وضع ةباثمب نوكت -و
. صحفلا ئاتن ةمجرت و ةمدخلا اادختسا و صحفلا رايتخاب للعتي اميف ةيريرسلا ةراشتسلاا ريفوت نم دكاتلا -ز
. ربتخملا نيزهجم ةبقارم و ديدحت -ح
تامظنمل ىرخا و ةيملع تاطاشنب ةكراشملل صرف و ةصصختم و ةروطتم مارب ريتخملا يف نيلماعلل ريفوت – ط
. ةيفرحلا ربتخملا
. يبطلا ربتخملا ) تامدخل وا / ةمدخل ( ةدوجلا و ةيعونلا نيسحت و ءادلاا تافصاوم ةبقارم و دامتعا و فيرعت – ي
نكماام ك و بسانيام ردقب و الاا ةمظنملل ةفلتخملا ةيعونلا نيسحت ناجل قايس نمض كلذ مع نكمي – ةظحلام
. كلذ
. ةماع نوكت ايريرس ةلصلا تاذ تامولعملا ديدحتل ربتخملا يف ىرجت يتلا يامعلاا ك ةبقارم – ك
ISO 2012 © - ةظوفحم قوقحلا عيمج
)ع( 2012/11181 وزيأ
و3/12/2و 8/2 رظنا ربتخملا نئابز وا ربتخملا يف نيلماعلا نم حارتقا وا بلط وا ىوكش يا جست – ي
2/12/2
ورظ وا ءىراوطلا تلااح يلاخ ةيساسلاا تامدخلا ريفوت نامضل ءىراوط ةطخ دامتعا و ميمصت – ا
ةرفوتم ريغ و ةدودحم ربتخملا تامدخ نوكت امدنع ىرخا
ايرود ءىراوطلا ةطخ صحف متي – ةظحلام
. ةبسانم ةقيرطب مهريوطت و رشابملا ثحبلا و ةطخلا – ن
ةرادلاا ةيلوؤسم 2/1/4
ةرادلاا مازتلا 1/2/1/4
اهتايلاعفل رمتسملا نيسحتلا و ةدوجلا ةرادا ااظن دامتعا و ريوطتب اهمازتلا ىلع تابثا وا يلدب ربتخملا ةرادا رفوت نا بجي
: ةطساوب
و )2/2/1/2 رظنا ( نيمدختسملا تابلطتم م اهتقباطم و ةمهملا تاجايتحلاا ةيبلت ىلع ربتخملا يفظوم صاوت -ا
. ميظنتلا و دامتعلاا تابلطتم ىلا ةفاضلااب
. ) 3/2/1/ 2( رظنا ةدوجلا ةسايس ءاشنا – ب
. اهتطخ و ةدوجلا دها ءاشنا ديكات – ج
. ) 1/2/1/2 رظنا ( نيفظوملا يمجل ةلدابتملا تاقلاعلا و تاطلسلا و تايلوؤسملا فيرعت – د
. صاوتلا تايلمع ءاشنا - ـه
. ) 7/2/1/2 رظنا ( اهتيمست و ةدوجلا ةرادا نييعت – و
. ) 11/2 رظنا ( ةرادلاا تاءارجا ةعجارم – ز
. ) 5/1/1 رظنا ( ةنيعملا مهتاطاشن ةيدات ىلع ةءافكب نيرداق ربتخملا يف نيفظوملا يمج ناب ديكاتلا – ح
صحفلا ءانثا و صحفلا بق تاطاشنلل ميلسلا كولسلا يعفتل ) 3/1 و 2/1 و1/1 رظنا( دراوملل ةيفاك ةيرفاوت نامض – ط
. ) 7/1و 1/1 و 2/1 رظنا( صحفلا دعب و
نيمدختسملا وا نئابزلا تاجايتحا 2/2/1/4
كئلوا و ضيرملا تاجايتحا ةقباطم و ريسفتلا تامدخ و ةبسانملا ةراشتسلاا ربتخملا تامدخ ءاوتحاب ربتخملا ةرادا نمضت
)3/12/2 و 2/2 رظنا ( ربتخملا يمدختسم
ةدوجلا ةسايس 3/2/1/4
: نوكت ةدوجلا ةسايس نا ربتخملا ةرادا دكؤت و ربتخملل ةدوجلا ةسايس يف ةدوجلا ةرادا ااظن ربتخملا ةرادا رعت
ةمظنملا ادها م ةبسانتم -أ
هذه تابلطتم لفو ددحملا اادختسلاا م اهتقباطم و صوحفلا ءارجا يف ةديجلا ةينهملا تاسرامملاب اازتللاا دكؤت -ب
. ةمدقملا ربتخملا تامدخ يف ةدوجلل رمتسملا نيسحتلا و ةفصاوملا
ةمظنملا نمض حيضوتلا و غلابلاا نوكي – ج
. ةرمتسملا ةبسانملا ةعجارملا ءارجا -د
)ع( 2012/11181 وزيأ
طيطختلا و ةدوجلا فادها 4/2/1/4
هاوتسم و معلاب ةقلعتملا نيمدختسملا تابلطتم و ةبولطملا تاجايتحلاا ةيبلت ةنمظتملا و ةدوجلا ادها ربتخملا ةرادا اشنت
. ةدوجلا ةسايس ىلع يوحت و سايقلل ةلباق نوكت ةدوجلا ادها نا و ةمظنملا نمض
. ةدوجلا ادها و ) 2. 2رظنا ( تابلطتملا لباطي يذلا و ةدوجلا ةرادا ااظنل طيطختلا ءارجا ىلع ربتخملا ةرادا نمضت
اهتططخ و ةدوجلا ةرادا ااظن ىلع تارييغت ىرجت امدنع ناصي نا و ةدوجلا ةرادا ااظن ةملاس ىلع ربتخملا ةرادا نمضت
. ةدمتعملا
ةلدابتملا تاقلاعلا و ةطلسلاو ةيلؤسملا 9/2/1/4
ربتخملا ةمظنم نمض و ةموهفم و ةقثوم و ةفرعم ةلدابتملا تاقلاعلا و ةلوؤسملا تاطلسلا نوكت ناب ربتخملا ةرادا نمضت
. نينفلا نيفظوملا و ةيسيئرلا ةرادلال باونلا نييعت و ربتخملا يف ةفيظو كل صاخشلاا ةيلوؤسم نييعت نمضتت يتلا و .
. ةفيظو كل باون نيعت يلمع ريغ هنا ةدحاو ةفيظو نم رثكا كلمت يتلا ةلقتسملا ةريغصلا تاربتخملا يف رتعم نوكي – ةظحلام
تلااصتلاا 6/2/1/4
ربتخملا يف نيلماعلا م صاوتلل ةلاعف ئاسو ربتخملا ةرادا كلتمت نا يغبني
. تلااصتلاا و تاعامتجلاا يف اهتشقانمل تلاجس يف تارقفلا ظفحت . ) 2/12/2 رظنا (
ةيلعافب للعتي اميف شدحت تلااصتلاا نا و ةحلصملا باحصا و ربتخملا نيب ةبسانملا تلااصتا تايلمع ربتخملا ةرادا اشنت
. ةدوجلا ةرادا ااظن و صحفلا دعب و صحفلا و صحفلا بق تايلمع
ةدوجلا ريدم 4/2/1/4
و ةطلسلا و ةيلوؤسملا و ضيوفتلا ىرخلاا تايلوؤسملا نع رظنلا ضغب كلمي يذلا و ةدوجلل ريدم ربتخملا ةرادا نيعت
نمضتت يتلا
. ةتنايص و هدامتعا و هؤاشنا مت دق ةدوج ةرادا ااظن ىلا جاتحت تايلمعلا ناب ديكاتلا -ا
ةدوجلا ةرادا ااظن ءادا يف دراوملا و ادهلاا و ربتخملا ةسايس يف ةذفنملا تارارقلا ىوتسم ىلع ربتخملا ةرادا غلابا -ب
. نيسحتلل هجاتحي ام و
. ربتخملا ةسسؤم يلاخ نم تابلطتملا و نيمدختسملا تاجايتحا ىلا ةيعوتلا و يورتلا ىلع ديكاتلا – ج
ةدوجلا ةرادا ماظن 2/4
ةماع تابلطتم 1/2/4
. ةفصاوملا هذه تابلطتم بجومب اهتاطاشن نيسحت ةيرارمتسا و ةدوجلا ةرادا ااظنل ظفحت و دمتعت ةقيثو ربتخملا اشني
يبلت يتلا ادهلاا و ةدوجلا ةسايس طورش كل ةيفوتسملا ةبولطملا تايلمعلا ك يف ماكتلا ةدوجلا ةرادا ااظن رفوي
. نيمدختسملا تابلطتم و تاجايتحا
: نا ربتخملا ىلع
. ربتخملا يلاخ اهقيبطت نامض و ةدوجلا ةرادا ااظن اهجاتحي يتلا تايلمعلا ددحت -ا
ISO 2012 © - ةظوفحم قوقحلا عيمج
)ع( 2012/11181 وزيأ
. تايلمعلا كلتل عافتلا و باتتلا ديدحت -ب
. ةلاعف تاءارجلاا كلتل ةرطيسلا و ةيلمعلا نم ك نا نامضل ةجاتحملا قرطلا و ريياعملا ديدحت -ج
. تاءارجلاا كلتل ةبقارملا و ةيلمعلا معدل ةيرورضلا تامولعملا و دراوملا ةيرفاوت ىلع ديكاتلا -د
. تاءارجلاا كلت مييقت و ةبقارم - ـه
. تاءارجلاا كلتل نيسحتلا ةيرارمتسا و اهل ططخملا ئاتنلا ليقحتل ةيرورضلا تايلمعلا دامتعا -و
قيثوتلا تابلطتم 2/2 /4
ماع 1/2/2/4
يتلاا ةدوجلا ةرادا ااظن ليثوت نمضتي
) 2/2/1/2 رظنا ( ةدوجلا ادها و ) 3/2/1/2 رظنا ( ةدوجلا ةسايس تانايب -ا
. ) 2/2/2/2 رظنا ( ةدوجلا تاميلعت بيتك -ب
. ةفصاوملا هذه لقفو ةبولطملا يجستلا و معلا ةقيرط -ج
كلتل ةرطيسلا و تايلمعلا و طيطختلا ةيلعاف نامضل ربتخملا بق نم ةددحملا ) 13/2رظنا ( تلايجستلا و لئاثولا -د
. تاءارجلاا
. ةيرايعملا لئاثولا و تافصاوملا و ةقبطملا ةمظنلاا خاسنتسا - ـه
يا نم ظوفحم نوكي و ةعرسب هيلا يوصولا نكمي هنا طرشبو طسوتم سايقب عون وا كش يا يف ليثوتلا ءارجا نكمي - ةظحلام
. فلتلا نم وا ةلوخم ريغ تاريغت
) ةدوجلا ليلد ( ةدوجلا تاميلعت بيتك 2/2/2/4
نمضتم نوكي و ظفحي و ةدوجلا تاميلعت بيتك ربتخملا اشني
. هل جرم هلعج و ) 3/2/1/2رظنا ( ةدوجلا ةسايس -ا
. ةدوجلا ةرادا ااظن ياجم ) حرش ( فصو -ب
. الاا ةمظنملا يف هناكم و ربتخملل يرادلاا يكشتلا و ةمظنملا يوح ضرع مع -ج
ةقباطملا ديكات متيل ) ةدوجلا ريدم و ربتخملا ااع ريدم هنمضتم ( ربتخملا ةرادا تايلوؤسم و نيناوقلا ) حرش ( فصو -د
. ةفصاوملا هذه تابلطتم م
. ةدوجلا ةرادا ااظن يف ادختسملا ليثوتلل ةدايقلا و يكشتلا فصو - ـه
. ةيرادلاا و ةينفلا تاطاشنلا ىلع دامتعلاا و ةدوجلا ةرادا ااظنل ةسسؤملا ةقثوملا ةسايسلا معد -ز
. ةيعجرملا لئاثولا يف و ليبطتلا و اادختسلاا يف حضوم امك ةدوجلا يلد يفربتخملا يفظوم يمج ياخدا
قئاثولاب مكحتلا 3/4
. ةقيثو ي دوصقملا ريغ اادختسلاا ادع نامض و ةدوجلا ةرادا ااظن ةطساوب ةبولطملا لئاثولا ىلع ربتخملا رطيسي
لاثم . اهرادصا تقوو رادصلاا خسن يف عونتم ساسا ىلع ةمئاقلا لئاثولا يه ةرطيس لئاثو اهرابتعا نكمي يتلا لئاثولا -1 ةظحلام
يوادج و ةتباث غيص و معلا تاءارجاو ةيئاصحا تاططخم و يامعتسلاا تاداشرا و ةدوجلا ةسايس تاحيرصت نمضتت يتلا لئاثولا
و تايجمارب ليثوت و تاركذم و تاظحلام و ةيحيضوت تاحول و تاططخم و اهئشانم و ةيجولويبلا جارملا رادصا خيرات و ةرياعم
)ع( 2012/11181 وزيأ
ءارجا قرط اهنم ذخؤت يتلا رداصملا بتك و تافصاوملا و ةمظنلاا ثم ةيجراخ رداصم لئاث و تاقفاوم و ططخ و تاموسر
. صحفلا
بجومب اهظفح و اهءادا مت يتلا تاطاشنلا زيهجت وا ئاتنلازاجنا ءدب تقو نم ةددحم ةطقن نم تامولعم يوحت تلاجس -2 ةظحلام
. تلاجسلاب مكحتلا 13/2 يف ةاطعملا تابلطتملا
يتلاا م طورشلا ةقباطم نامضل ةقثوم مع ةقيرط ىلع ربتخملا يوحي
نيفظوملا بق نم هيلع قداصي و جاري و ةدوجلا ةرادا ااظن نم ءزجك اشني ينورتكلا ااظن يف لئاثولا يمج ظفحت -ا
. ءاشنلاا بق نيلوؤسملا
ةنمضتم و ةفرعم لئاثولا يمج -ب
ناونعلا -
ةحفص كل صاخ رعم -
تاعبطلا ددع و ةعبطلا خيرات -
)" 1/2 ةحفص"، " 1/1 ةحفص " : ياثم ( تاحفصلل يلكلا مقرلا ىلا ةحفصلا مقر -
رادصلاا ةطاس -
" . تلايدعتلا و تاريغتلا نمضتملا و ةلوصفم تاقوا يف ةرداصلا تاعبطلا ددع نم دحاو مقر ينعتل ادختست " ةعبطلا " – ةظحلام
. رادصلاا و ةعجارملل دارمك اهرابتعا نكمي " ةعبطلا
سرهفلا وا جسلا و كرتشملا ةقيثو : ياثم ( ةمئاقب ةنودم ئاسوب رعملاو يزوتلل يوخملا يلاحلا رادصلاا نوكي -ج
) يسيئرلا
. ةرفوتملا و اادختسلال ةلباقلا لئاثولل يوخملا يلاحلا رادصلاا طقف ادختسي – د
ناف لئاثولا رادصا ةداعلا خسنلاب وا ديلاب لئاثولا يدعتب حمسي هناف لئاثولاب مكحتلا ااظن ربتخملا دمتعي امدنع - ـه
و ةعجارم لئاثولا نوكت و خروت و حوضوب تلايدعتلا رشؤت ، ةفرعم نوكت تلايدعتلا نم يلا تاطلسلا -و تاءارجلاا
. ةدححملا ةينمزلا ةرتفلا نمض ةرداص
. ةقرعم نوكت لئاثولا يف تاريغتلا -و
. ةءارقلا ةلهس ةقيثولا ىقبت -ز
. اادختسلال ةبسانم اهءاقب نامضل رارمتساب اهثيدحت و لئاثولل ةيرودلا ةعجارملا -ح
. ةلمهمك رشؤت و خرؤت ، ةلمهملا اهب مكحتملا لئاثولا – ط
ةقبطملا و ةددحملا تابلطتملا لفو ةددحم ةينمز ةرتفل و ةلمهملا اهب مكحتملا لئاثولا نم ةدحاو ةخسن قا ىلع ءاقبا متي - ي
تامدخلا تايقافتا 4/4
تامدخلا تايقافتا ءاشنا 1/4/4
. ةيبطلا تاربتخملل تامدخلا زيهجتل تايقافتلاا ةعجارم و ءاشنا تاءارجلا لئاثو ربتخملا كلمي
. ةيقافتا ربتعي صحفلل ربتخملا بق نم يوبقم بلط ك
صخلااب ةيقافتلاا نوكت ريرقت ميدقت و صحف بلطك يبطلا ربتخملا تامدخ زيهجتب ةصاخلا تايقافتلاا نابسحلا يف ذخاي
. ئاتنلا ريسفت و بسانملا صحفلا نامضل بلطلا يف ةبولطملا تامولعملل
ISO 2012 © - ةظوفحم قوقحلا عيمج
)ع( 2012/11181 وزيأ
. ةيبطلا ربتخملا تامدخ ميدقتل ةيقافتا يف ربتخملا يوخد دنع اهتقباطم بلطتي طورش ىندا يف
و ةقثوملا و هفرعملا و ةمدختسملا صحفلا تايلمع ةنمضتم ربتخملا تامدخ نيزهجم و نيمدختسملاو نئابزلا تابلطتم -ا
. )1/1 و 2/2/1 رظنا ( ةموهفملا
. تابلطتملا ليبطتل هدراوم و ربتخملا ةيناكما -ب
. ةددحملا تاصوحفلا ءادلا ةيرورضلا ةربخلا و ةراهملاربتخملا يفظوم كلتمي -ج
. ) 1/1/1 رظنا ( نوبزلا تاجايتحا ةيبلت ىلع ةرداق و ةبسانم ةراتخملا صحفلا تاءارجا نوكت -د
. صخفلا ئاتن ىلع رثؤت يتلا و ةيقافتلاا يف تاريغتلا وا تافارحنلاا يف نيمدختسملا و نئابزلا الاعا - ـه
نيراشتسملا وا يعجرملا ربتخملا ىلا ربتخملا بق نم دمتعم مع يلا جارملا دعت –و
وا تلااكولا وا ثلاث رطل فدلا تامظنم وا ةحصلاب ةيانعلا تامظنم وا ءابطلاا نمضتي نا نكمي نيمدختسملا و نئابزلا – 1 ةظحلام
. ىضرملا و ةيودلاا زيهجت تاكرش
اهناف ) رشابملا صحفلا بلط ىلع ةيلباقلا ضيرملا كلمي امدنع : ياثم ( نئابزلا و ىضرملا بق نم ةمدخلا ريغت متي امدنع -2 ةظحلام
. ربتخملا ريراقت و ريسفتلا تامولعم ىلع كعنت
ميقت نوكي و ىضرملا وا صحفلا ئاتنك تاربتخملا معب ةيلاملا تابيترتلاب ةينعملا نيسرامملا وا ةلومملا تاكولا خدتت لا -3 ةظحلام
. ضيرملل ضفلاا وهام لقحي امب ةلقتسم تاربتخملا
ةيمدخلا تايقافتلاا ةعجارم 2/4/4
و ةعجارملا هذه يف ةلجسملا ةيقافتلاا بناوج يمج ةنمضتملا و ةيبطلا ربتخملا تامدخ ميدقتل تايقافتلاا ةعجارم نمضتت
. ضيرملا م تاشقانم يا و ةيقافتلاا ىلع ةلصاحلا تاريغتلا ك
و ةيقافتلاا فنل ةعجارملا تايلمع ةداعا متي اهدنع ربتخملا تامدخ نع غلابلاا مت نا دعب يدعتلل ةيقافتلاا جاتحت امدنع
. ةلعافلا تاهجلا كل تلايدعتلاب غلبي
ةيعجرملا تاربتخملا لبق نم صحفلا 9/4
نيراشتسملا و ةيعجرملا تاربتخملا مييقت و رايتخا 1/9/4
دقعملا رابتخلال ريسفتك ءارلاا ومدقي نيذلا نيراشتسملا و ةيعجرملا تاربتخملا مييقت و رايتخلا لثوم بولسا ربتخملا ددحي
. صصخت يا يف و
: ةيلاتلا طورشلا م ةقباطملا معلا بولسا نمضي
نيراشتسملا و ياحملا ربتخملا رايتخا ةيلوؤسم نم نوكت اهتمئلام و ربتخملا تامدخ يف نيمدختسملل ةحيصنلا ميدقت نا -ا
. ةبولطملا تاصوحفلا ءادا يف مهتئافك نامض و ءادا ةدوج ةبقارمو نيلاحملا
ةصاخلا ءازجلاا م اهتقباطم نامضل ايرود ةميقم و ةعجارم نيراشتسملا و ةيعجرملا تاربتخملا م تابيترتلا نوكت – ب
. ةفصاوملا هذهب
. ةيرودلا تاعجارملا ظفحت و جست – ج
)ع( 2012/11181 وزيأ
. رابتعلااب هذوخام مهءارا صاخشا بق نم نيراشتسملا و ةيعجرملا تاربتخملا يمج يجست ظفح – د
. لبسم ةفرعملا ةرتفلا بقام ةرتفل ةظوفحم اهل راشملا صحفلا جذامن يمجل ئاتنلا و تابلطلا نوكت - ـه
صحفلا جئاتن ميدقت 2/9/4
ربتخملل صحفلا ئاتن نامض ىلع يوؤسم نوكي ) يعجرملا ريغ و ( يعجرملا ربتخملا ناف ةيقافتلاا كع ددحي ملام
. بلطلا ادقم صخشلا ىلا ةزهجم و يعجرملا
ربتخملا بق نم ريرقتلا يف ةنودملا ئاتنلل ةيساسلاا رصانعلا نمضتم نوكي ريرقتلا يعجرملا ربتخملا رضحي امدنع
تاصوحفلا ىلع ريرقتلا ريشي . يبطلا ريسفتلا ىلع رثؤي يذلا يدعت وا رييغت يا نودب و نيراشتسملا وا يعجرملا
. نيراشتسملا و يعجرملا ربتخملا بق نم ةزجنملا
. ةفرعم و ةحضاو نوكت ةيفاضا تاظحلام يا ةفاضا دنع
سايقلا ةقد و صحفلا تارم ددع نابسحلا يف نيذخا يعجرملا ربتخملا ئاتنل ريرقت دادعلا ةبسانملا ئاسولا ربتخملا دمتعي
ىلا جاتحت ةقبطملا صحفلا ئاتن و حيحص ريسفتلا نوكي امدنع . ريسفتلا تاراهم تابلطتم و خسنلا و نيودتلا تايلمع و
تارابتعا ببسب تايلمعلا ةلقرع متي لا و ةيعجرملا و اهل راشملا تاربتخملا لاك نم نييئاصخلاا و ءابطلاا نيب نواعت
ةيلام و ةيراجت
ةيجراخلا تازيهجتلا و تامدخلا 6/4
و فشاوكلا ةيوايميكلا داوملا و تادعملا زيهجتك ، ةيجراخلا تامدخلا ءارشورايتخلا ةقثوم تاءارجا ربتخملا كلمي
)3/1 اضيا رظنا ( ةمدخلا ةدوج و ةيعون ىلع رثؤت يتلاو تاكلهتسملا
تاكلهتسملا و فشاوكلا و تادعملا و ةيجراخلا ةمدخلا زيهجت ىلع مهتردق نيزهجملل ساساك تابثا و رايتخا ربتخملا ىلع
تابلطتمب ءافيتسلال فئاظولا وا ىرخلاا ةمظنملا ااسقا م نواعتلا يرورضلا نم ياح يا ىلع ، ربتخملا تابلطتم لفوو
و تاكلهتسملا و فشاوكلا و تادعملا زيهجتل اهيلع قداصملا ةراتخملا ةمئاقلا دعت يتلا و رايتخلال ةيسايقلا ةددحملا طورشلا
. ةظوفحم نوكت
تابثا وا ةيئارش ةمدخ نامضل نيزهجملا ءادا ربتخملا بقاري . نوبزلا ةمدخ وا تنملا تابلطتم ءارشلا تامولعم حرشت
. ةنلعملا ريياعملا م ةقباطملا
ةيراشتسا تامدخ 4/4
: يتلاا يف و نيمدختسملا م تلااصتلاا تابيترت ربتخملا اشني
صحفلا جذامن نم بولطملا عونلا ةنمضتم و تامدخلا يف اادختسلاا و تاصوحفلا رايتخاب ةروشملا ميدقت - ا
. صحفلا بل راركت و صحفلا تاءارجا يف اهنم دحلا و ةيريرسلا تارشؤملا . ) 2/1 اضيا رظنا (
. ةيدرفلا ةيريرسلا تاحلا يف ةروشملا ميدقت -ب
. ) 5/1/1 و 2/1/1 رظنا ( صحفلا ئاتن ريسفت يف ةينهملا ااكحلاا رادصا - ج
. ربتخملا تامدخل ياعفلا اادختسلاا زيزعت - د
. يوبقلا ريياعمل اهتقباطمب صحفلا جذامن شف تلااح يف لاثم ةيتسجوللا و ةيملعلا اياضقلا يف ةراشتسلاا - ـه
ISO 2012 © - ةظوفحم قوقحلا عيمج
)ع( 2012/11181 وزيأ
يواكشلا ةيوست 1/4
وا ربتخملا يفظوم وا ضرملا وا ءابطلاا نم ةملتسم ةعجار ةيذغت وا يواكشلا ةرادلا ةقثوم مع تاءارجا ربتخملا كلمي
. ) 3/12/2 اضيا رظنا ( اهناشب ذختملا ءارجلاا و اهتاقيقحت م ظفحت و يواكشلا يمج جست . ىرخا تاهج
ةقباطملا مدع ةبقارم و ديدحت 5/4
بق تايلمع ةنمضتم ةدوجلا ةرادا ااظنل بناوجلا ك يف ةقباطملا ادع ةرادا و ديدحتل ةقثوم مع تاءارجا ربتخملا كلمي
. صحفلا دعب و صحفلا و صحفلا
يتلاا نامضل معلا تاءارجا
. ةنيعملا لباطملا ادع تلااح ةجلاعمل تايلوؤسملا و تاطلسلا -ا
ةفرعم ةذختملا ةيروفلا تاءارجلاا نوكت -ب
ةقباطملا ادع ىدم بسحي -ج
ةرورضلا بسح ريراقتلا بجحت و صحفلا فقوي -د
اهيلع لطملا ئاتنلا اادختسا بلط يف ابسانم ناك اذا و ، ةقباطمريغ تاصوحف يلا ةيبطلا ةيمهلاا رابتعلااب ذخؤي - ـه
. ةلقتسملا ةطلسلا وا يريرسلا بيبطلا ةيلوؤسم نم هناف
ةداعا نكمي ةيداعلا ةددحم ةينمز تارتف يف ةرداص و ةقباطم ريغ متحم وا ةقباطملا ريغ تاصوحفلل ئاتن يا نوكت -و
. يرورض ناك اذا بسانملا اهفيرعت و اهتيمست
ةمظنم ةددحم ةينمز تارتف يف هعجارم نوكت تلاجسلا كلت مو ةلجسم و ةقثوم ةقباطملا ادعل ةثداح ك نوكت – ز
. يحيحصتلا ءارجلاا ذاختا يف ادبلا و ارحنلاا نع فشكلل
ةنمضتم ، قرط ةدع يف ةفلتخملا تلااجملا نم ديدعلا يف و ةلصاحلا تاطاشنلا وا ةقباطملا ريغ تاصوحفلا فيرعت نكمي – ةظحلام
و ربتخملا يوخد تانراقم و ةكلهتسملا داوملا صحف و ةزهجلاا ةرياعم و ةيلخادلا ةدوجلا ةرطيس تارشؤم و يريرسلا بيبطلا يواكش
. يجراخلا و يلخادلا ليقدتلا و ةدوجلا ةرادا تاعجارم و صحفلا ةداهش و ريرقتلا ميدقت و نيفظوملا تاقيلعت
صوصخب كش كانه نا وا اهراركت ضورفملا نم صحفلا دعب و صحفلا و صحفلا بق تايلمعل ةقباطملا ادع تلااح ديدحت دنع
ءارجا ذاختا و اهتاببسم نم صلختلل ةقثومو ةفرعم تاءارجا ذاختا ربتخملا ىلعف تاءارجلاا كلت م ربتخملا ىلع ةدراولا يواكشلا
. ) 10/2رظنا ( لثوم و ددحم يحيحصت
يحيحصت ءارجا 12/4
. اههجاوي يتلا ةقباطملا ادع تاريثاتل ابسانم نوكي نا و لباطملا ادع تلااح نم صلختلل يحيحصت ءارجا ربتخملا ذختي
: ةيلاتلا تلااحلل ةقثوم تاءارجا ربتخملا كلمي
ةقباطملا ادع تلااح ةعجارم -ا
ةلمتحملا ةقباطملا ادع تلااحل ةيرذجلا بابسلاا ديدحت - ب
ةقباطملا ادع تلااح شودح راركت ادع نامضل يحيحصت ءارجلا ةجاحلا مييقت - ج
يحيحصتلا ءارجلال ةجاحلا دامتعا و ديدحت -د
) 13/2 رظنا ( ذختملا يحيحصتلا ءارجلاا ئاتن يجست - ـه
)ع( 2012/11181 وزيأ
) 1/12/2 رظنا ( ذختملا يحيحصتلا ءارجلاا ةيلاعف ةعجارم - و
و ، اعيرس تاريثاتلا فيفختل ةقباطملا ادع شودح تقو يف ءارجلاا ذاختا – ةظحلام
يحيحصت ءارجا ربتعت يتلا و ةقباطملا ادع تلااح ىلا يدؤت يتلا و ةلكشملل ةيرذجلا تاببسملا ةلازلا ذختي طقف ءارجا وه " اعيرس "
يئاقو ءارجا 11/ 4
بسانم يئاقولا ءارجلاا نوكي و اهثودح نم ةياقولا جلا ةلمتحملا ةقباطملا ادع تلااح نم صلختلل ءارجلاا ربتخملا ددحي
. ةلمتحملا كاشملا ىلع ريثاتلل
: يتلااك و ةقثوم تاءارجا ربتخملا كلمي
. ةلمتحملا ةقباطملا ادع تلااح نم جورخلا ةيفيك ديدحتل تامولعملا و ربتخملا تانايب ةعجارم -ا
. ةلمتحملا ةقباطملا ادع تلااحل ةيرذجلا بابسلاا ديدحت - ب
. ةقباطملا ادع تلااح شودح نمل يئاقولا ءارجلال ةجاحلا مييقت - ج
. ةجاتحملا ةيئاقولا تاءارجلاا دامتعا و ديدحت - د
. هذختملا ةيئاقولا تاءارجلاا ئاتن يجست - ـه
. ذختملا يئاقولا ءارجلاا ةيلعاف ةعجارم - ز
.) ةقباطملا ادع ةلاح : لاثم ( ةفرعملا كاشملل عفلا در نم لادب نيسحتلل ةفرعملا صرفلل ةيامح ةيلمع وه يئاقولا ءارجلاا – ةظحلام
( ةدوجلا مييقت و رطاخملا يلحت و تانايبلا يلحت ةنمضتملا و ةيئاقولا تاءارجلاا و عفلا ةدر تاءارجا ةعجارم ىلا ةفاضلااب
. ) ةراهملا رابتخا
رمتسملا نيسحتلا12/ 4
نم صحفلا دعب و صحفلا و صحفلا بقام تايلمع ةنمضتملا و ةدوجلا ةرادا ااظن ةيلاعفل رمتسملا نيسحتلا ربتخملل يغبني
و ةيئاقولا و ةيحيحصتلا تاءارجلاا و مييقتلا تاطاشن يف ةيلعفلا تاربتخملا ءاداب ةنراقملل ةرادلاا ةعجارم اادختسا يلاخ
ةيولولاا و ةيساسلاا تلااجملا يف ههجوم نوكت يتلا نيسحتلا تاطاشن و ةدوجلا ادها و ةسايس يف صوصنم امك مهفده
تاءارجلاا ةيلاعف نا . ةصصخم امك ةدمتعم و ةقثوم و ةروطتم نيسحتلل ةطخلا تاءارجا نوكت . رطاخملا مييقتل ىوصقلا
. ) 1/12/2 اضيا رظنا ( ةينعملا تلااجملا يف ليقدتلا وا ةزكرملا ةعجارملا يلاخ نم نوكت ةذختملا
امدنع . ىضرملاب ةيانعلا ئاتنب ةقلعتملا تلااجملا يومش رمتسملا نيسحتلا تاطاشن يف نيكراشملل ربتخملا ةرادا نمضت
. تثدح نيا رظنلا ضغب اهجلاعت ربتخملا ةرادا ناف نيسحتلا صرفل رعم مانربلا نوكي
تلاجسلاب مكحتلا 13/4
نملاا صلختلا و يدعتلا و ةنايصلا و ظفحلا و اهيلا يوصولا و هسرهفلا و مجلا و فيرعتلل ةقثوم تاءارجا ربتخملا كلمي
. ةينفلا و ةدوجلا تلاجسل
. صحفلا ةدوج ىلع رثؤي يذلا و طاشن ك ءادا م نمازتم كشب و تلاجسلا اشنت
نم تاريغتلا نم ةيمحم و اهيلا يوصولا ةلوهسب و طسوتم قرو سايقب زهجي و عون وا كش يا يف تلاجسلا نوكت -1 ةظحلام
. ةلوخم ريغ تاهج
يدعتلاب وماق نيذلا نيفظوملاب ةيرسب ةددحم تلاجسلا يدعت تقوب للعتملا ناكم و اوي نوكي
. ) 3/1/1 رظنا (
ISO 2012 © - ةظوفحم قوقحلا عيمج
)ع( 2012/11181 وزيأ
و صحفلا و صحفلا بق تايلمع ةنمضتملا و ةدوجلا ةرادا ااظنب ةصاخلا تلاجسلا فلتخمل تقولا ةرتف ربتخملا رعي
باق نوكي ئاتنلاريرقت ناف نكي امهم ، ريغتم نوكي جسلا ظفحل تقولا يوط نا . ظوفحم نوكي و صحفلا دعب
. ةمظنلاا ةطساوب ةبولطم امك وا ةصاخ ةيبطلا عاجرتسلال
و ةيثارولا ةينيجلا تاصوحفو ةجسنلاا تاصوحف : لاثم ( ةنيعملا تاءارجلاا عاوناب ةقلعتم ةينوناقلا ةيلوسملا -2 ةظحلام
. تلاجسلا نم اهريغل يوطا ةينمز ةرتفل ةنيعملا تلاجسلاب ظافتحلاا بلطتي يذلا و ) ةدلاولا يثيدح يافطلاا تاصوحف
رظنا ( ةلوخم ريغ تاهج يوخد نم وا نادقفلا وا داسفلاا وا فلتلا نم اهتياقول تلاجسلا نيزختل ةبسانم ةئيب زيهجت يهستل
. ) 5/2/1
هل لستلا نكميلا قوم وا نما يعرز طسو يف اينورتكلا ةنوزخملا ةصاخلا تلاجسلا ضعبل نملاا نزخلا نوكي -3 ةظحلام
. ) 3/10/1رظنا (
: يتلاا قلاا ىلع تلاجسلا نمضتت
. اهيلع قداصملا نيزهجملا ةمئاق يف تاريغتلا و مهءادا و نيزهجملا رايتخا -ا
. ةءافكلا و بيردتلاو نيفظوملا تلاهؤمل تلاجس - ب
. صحفلا ءارجا بلط - ج
. ربتخملا يف صحفلا جذامن الاتسا تلاجس - د
. ) ةئبعتلا و نيزهجملا تاداهش و ةعفدلا لئاثو : لاثم ( صحفلا يف ةمدختسملا داوملا و فشاوكلل تامولعم - ـه
. معلا قاروا و ربتخملا مع بتك -و
. تامولعملا و ةظوفحملا تانايبلا و ةعابطلا
...
МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЙ ISO
СТАНДАРТ 15189
Третье издание
2012-11-01
Медицинские лаборатории.
Специальные требования к качеству и
компетентности
Medical laboratories — Particular requirements for quality and
competence
Ответственность за подготовку русской версии несѐт GOST R
(Российская Федерация) в соответствии со статьѐй 18.1 Устава ISO
Ссылочный номер
©
ISO 2012
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ii © ISO 2012 – Все права сохраняются
Содержание Страница
Предисловие. iv
Введение . v
1 Область применения . 1
2 Нормативные ссылки . 1
3 Термины и определения . 1
4 Требования к руководству . 7
4.1 Ответственность организации и руководства . 7
4.2 Cистема менеджмента качества . 10
4.3 Управление документами . 12
4.4 Договора на услуги . 13
4.5 Исследования в референтных лабораториях . 14
4.6 Услуги и расходные материалы . 14
4.7 Консультационные услуги . 15
4.8 Разрешение жалоб . 15
4.9 Идентификация и управление несоответствиями . 15
4.10 Корректирующие действия . 16
4.11 Предупреждающие действия . 16
4.12 Постоянное улучшение . 17
4.13 Управление записями . 17
4.14 Оценка и аудиты . 19
4.15 Анализ со стороны руководства . 21
5 Технические требования . 22
5.1 Персонал . 22
5.2 Инфраструктура и производственная среда . 25
5.3 Лабораторное оборудование, реагенты и расходные материалы . 26
5.4 Процессы перед исследованием . 30
5.5 Процессы исследования. 34
5.6 Обеспечение качества результатов исследований . 37
5.7 Процессы после исследования . 40
5.8 Сообщение результатов . 40
5.9 Выпуск результатов . 42
5.10 Управление информацией в лаборатории . 43
Приложение A (информативное) Связь с ISO 9001:2008 и ISO/IEC 17025:2005 . 46
Приложение B (информативное) Сравнение ISO 15189:2007 и ISO 15189:2012 . 51
Библиография . 55
Предисловие
Международная организация по стандартизации (ISO) является всемирной федерацией национальных
организаций по стандартизации (комитетов-членов ISO). Разработка международных стандартов
обычно осуществляется техническими комитетами ISO. Каждый комитет-член, заинтересованный в
деятельности, для которой был создан технический комитет, имеет право быть представленным в этом
комитете. Международные правительственные и неправительственные организации, имеющие связи с
ISO, также принимают участие в работах. Что касается стандартизации в области электротехники, то
ISO работает в тесном сотрудничестве с Международной электротехнической комиссией (IEC).
Проекты международных стандартов разрабатываются в соответствии с правилами Директив ISO/IEC,
Часть 2.
Основная задача технических комитетов заключается в подготовке международных стандартов.
Проекты международных стандартов, принятые техническими комитетами, рассылаются комитетам-
членам на голосование. Их опубликование в качестве международных стандартов требует одобрения
не менее 75 % комитетов-членов, принимающих участие в голосовании.
Следует иметь в виду, что некоторые элементы настоящего международного стандарта могут быть
объектом патентных прав. ISO не может нести ответственность за идентификацию какого-либо одного
или всех патентных прав.
ISO 15189 подготовлен Техническим комитетом ISO/TC 212, Клинические лабораторные испытания и
системы для in vitro диагностики.
Настоящее третье издание отменяет и заменяет второе издание (ISO 15189:2007), которое было
технически пересмотрено.
Соответствие между вторым и третьим изданиями данного международного стандарта дано в
Приложении B. Третье издание дополняет соответствие, установленное в ISO/IEC 17025:2005.
iv © ISO 2007 – Все права сохраняются
Введение
Настоящий стандарт, включающий в себя основные нормативные положения ISO/IEC 17025 и ISO 9001,
содержит требования к компетентности и качеству, которые должны быть присущи медицинским
)
лабораториям . Допускается, чтобы в конкретной стране были установлены специальные правила или
требования по отношению к некоторым дипломированным специалистам применительно к их виду
деятельности и ответственности в данной области.
Медицинские лабораторные услуги имеют существенное значение для обслуживания пациентов и
поэтому должны удовлетворять потребностям пациентов и клинического персонала, ответственного за
оказание медицинской помощи пациентам. Такие услуги включают в себя предоставление
необходимых материалов, подготовку пациентов к проведению исследований, идентификацию
пациентов и взятие у них проб, транспортировку, хранение, обработку и исследование клинических
проб с последующим подтверждением, интерпретацией, сообщением результатов исследований и
консультированием по ним при соблюдении требований безопасности и этики в медицинской
лабораторной работе.
Если национальным законодательством допускается, то желательно, чтобы медицинские
лабораторные услуги включали в себя обследование пациентов при консультациях и чтобы
лаборатории активно участвовали не только в диагностике и лечении больных, но и в предупреждении
болезней. Каждая лаборатория должна предоставлять работающему в ней персоналу возможности
для образования и научных исследований.
Поскольку настоящий стандарт предназначен для применения во всех общепризнанных в настоящее
время дисциплинах лабораторной медицины, работники других служб и дисциплин могут также его
использовать и следовать ему. Также сертификационные органы, уполномоченные оценивать
компетентность медицинских лабораторий, могут использовать настоящий стандарт как основу для
своей деятельности. Если лаборатория нуждается в аккредитации, она должна выбрать
соответствующий орган по аккредитации, использующий ISO/IEC 17011 и который принимает во
внимание специальные требования медицинской лаборатории.
Данный международный стандарт не предназначен для целей сертификации, однако выполнение
лабораторией требований данного международного стандарта означает, что лаборатория
соответствует одновременно и требованиям к технической компетентности, и требованиям к
менеджменту качества, которые необходимы для стабильного получения технически достоверных
результатов. Требования к системе менеджмента в Разделе 4 написаны в терминах, относящихся к
деятельности медицинской лаборатории, и соответствуют принципам ISO 9001:2008, Системы
менеджмента качества. Требования, которые соответствуют применимым требованиям (Совместное
коммюнике IAF-ILAC-ISO, принятое в 2009 г.).
Связь между разделами и подразделами данного третьего издания ISO 15189 и разделами и
подразделами ISO 9001:2008 и ISO/IEC 17025:2005 приведено в Приложении А настоящего
международного стандарта.
Аспекты охраны окружающей среды, связанные с деятельностью медицинской лаборатории, в целом,
рассмотрены настоящим международным стандартом, в особенности, в 5.2.2, 5.2.6, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5.1.4 и
5.7.
)
1 В других языках лаборатории могут именоваться термином, соответствующим английскому "clinical
laboratories".
МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЙ СТАНДАРТ ISO 15189:2012(R)
Медицинские лаборатории. Специальные требования к
качеству и компетентности
1 Область применения
Настоящий стандарт устанавливает специальные требования к качеству и компетентности
медицинских лабораторий.
Этот международный стандарт предназначен для применения медицинскими лабораториями при
разработке их системы менеджмента качества и оценки собственной компетентности. Он также может
использоваться органами по аккредитации при подтверждении или признании компетентности
медицинских лабораторий.
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ Международные, национальные и региональные регулирования и требования могут также
применяться для отдельных аспектов, рассмотренных данным международным стандартом.
2 Нормативные ссылки
Ссылка на следующие документы обязательна при использовании данного документа. Для жестких
ссылок применяются только указанное по тексту издание. Для плавающих ссылок необходимо
использовать самое последнее издание нормативного ссылочного документа (включая любые
изменения).
ISO/IEC 17000, Оценка соответствия. Словарь и общие принципы
ISO/IEC 17025:2005, Общие требования к компетентности испытательных и калибровочных
лабораторий
ISO/IEC Guide 2, Стандартизация и связанные виды деятельности. Общий словарь
ISO/IEC Guide 99, Международный словарь по метрологии. Базовые и общие концепции и
соответствующие термины (VIM)
3 Термины и определения
В рамках данного документа используются термины и определения, установленные в ISO/IEC 17000,
ISO/IEC Guide 2 и ISO/IEC Guide 99, а также следующие.
3.1
аккредитация
accreditation
процедура, посредством котором уполномоченный орган дает формальное признание того, что
организация или физическое лицо являются компетентными для выполнения определенных задач
3.2
тревожный диапазон
критический диапазон
alert interval
critical interval
диапазон результатов исследования для тревожного (критического) теста, который указывает на
непосредственный риск травмы или смерти пациента
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ 1 Диапазон может быть открытым, когда определена только одна граница.
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ 2 Лаборатория определяет соответствующий перечень тревожных тестов для ее пациентов и
потребителей.
3.3
автоматический отбор и предоставление результатов
automated selection and reporting of results
процесс, посредством которого данные обследования пациента пересылаются в информационную
систему лаборатории и сравниваются с определенными лабораторией критериями оценки и, в случае
соответствия определенным критериям, автоматически включаются в формуляр отчета по пациенту
без каких-либо дополнительных действий
3.4
биологический референтный интервал
референтный интервал
biological reference interval
reference interval
установленный интервал из распределения значений для референтной биологической популяции
ПРИМЕР Центральный 95 %-ный интервал распределения референтных значений для концентрации ионов натрия
в сыворотке для популяции предположительно здоровых мужчин и женщин составляет от 135 ммоль/л до
145 ммоль/л
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ 1 Общепринято определять референтный интервал как центральный 95 %-ный интервал. Иной
размер или асимметричное размещение референтного интервала может соответствовать особым случаям.
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ 2 Референтный интервал может зависеть от типа первичных образцов и примененной процедуры
исследования.
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ 3 В некоторых случаях биологически важным является только один предел, например, верхнее
значение, x, так что соответствующий биологически референтный интервал будет меньше либо равно x.
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ 4 Такие термины, как ‗нормальный интервал‘, ‘нормальные значения‘, и ‘клинический интервал‘
являются неоднозначными и не рекомендуются к использованию.
3.5
компетентность
competence
продемонстрированная способность применения знаний и навыков
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ Понятие компетентности определено в данном международном стандарте в общем смысле.
Использование термина может быть более специфическим в других документах ISO.
[ISO 9000:2005, определение 3.1.6]
3.6
документированная процедура
documented procedure
определенный способ выполнения деятельности или процесса, который документирован, внедрен и
поддерживается в рабочем состоянии
2 © ISO 2012 – Все права сохраняются
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ 1 Выполнение требований к документированию процедуры может быть реализовано через один
или несколько документов.
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ 2 Заимствовано из ISO 9000:2005, определение 3.4.5.
3.7
исследование
examination
комплекс операций, целью которых является определение значения или характеристики свойств
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ 1 В некоторых дисциплинах (например, в микробиологии) исследование представляет собой
деятельность, состоящую из нескольких тестов, наблюдений или измерений.
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ 2 Лабораторные исследования, которые определяют количественное значение характеристики,
называются количественными исследованиями; те исследования, которые определяют качественные характеристики,
называются качественными.
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ 3 Лабораторные исследования также часто называют посевами или тестами.
3.8
межлабораторное сравнение
interlaboratory comparison
организация, выполнение и оценка измерений или тестов идентичных или похожих образцов двумя
или более лабораториями в соответствии с заранее определенными условиями
[ISO/IEC 17043:2010, определение 3.4]
3.9
заведующий лабораторией
laboratory director
компетентное лицо (лица), ответственное за лабораторию и управляющее ею
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ 1 Для целей настоящего стандарта, лицо или лица, коллективно признанные как заведующий
лабораторией.
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ 2 Национальные, региональные и местные правила могут требовать определенной квалификации и
образования.
3.10
руководство лаборатории
laboratory management
лицо (лица), которые определяют и управляют деятельностью лаборатории
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ Термин ―руководство лаборатории‖ является синонимом термина ―высшее руководство‖ в
ISO 9000:2005.
3.11
медицинская лаборатория
клиническая лаборатория
medical laboratory
clinical laboratory
лаборатория, которая проводит биологические, микробиологические, иммунологические, химические,
иммуногематологические, гематологические, биофизические, цитологические, патологические или
другие исследования материалов из организма человека в целях получения информации для
диагностики, предупреждения и лечения болезни или оценки состояния здоровья человека и которая
может оказать консультативную помощь относительно всех аспектов лабораторных исследований,
включая интерпретацию результатов и рекомендацию дальнейших необходимых исследований
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ Эти исследования также включают в себя процедуры для определения, измерения или иные
описания присутствия или отсутствия различных веществ или микроорганизмов.
3.12
несоответствие
nonconformity
невыполнение требования
[ISO 9000:2005, определение 3.6.2].
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ Эти исследования также включают в себя процедуры для определения, измерения или иные
описания присутствия или отсутствия различных веществ или микроорганизмов.
3.13
исследование на месте
point-of-care testing
POCT
исследование около пациента
исследование, выполненное около или непосредственно на пациенте, с результатами, ведущими к
возможному изменению в лечении пациента
[ISO 22870:2006, определение 3.1].
3.14
процедуры после исследования
постаналитический этап
post-examination procedures
postanalytical phase
процедуры, начинающиеся после исследования, включая систематизацию, формулирование и
интерпретацию, разрешение к выдаче, оформление и передачу результатов исследований и хранение
исследованных проб
3.15
процедуры перед исследованием
преаналитический этап
pre-examination procedures
preanalytical phase
процедуры, хронологически начинающиеся с назначения клиницистом исследования, включения
исследования в заявку, охватывающие подготовку пациента, взятие первичной пробы,
транспортировку ее в лабораторию и заканчивающиеся началом исследования
3.16
первичная проба
образец
primary sample
specimen
единица жидкости тела, дыхания, волос или тканей для исследования, изучения или анализа одной
или более характеристик или свойств, предположительно применяемых для описания организма в
целом
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ 1 Группа по глобальной гармонизации (GHTF) использует термин образец в своих руководствах по
гармонизации для обозначения образца биологического происхождения, предназначенного для испытания в
медицинской лаборатории.
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ 2 В некоторых документах ISO и CEN образец определен как ―биологический образец, полученный
из тела человека‖.
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ 3 В некоторых странах вместо первичной пробы (или ее части) употребляют термин ―образец‖ как
пробу, подготовленную для пересылки в лабораторию или получаемую лабораторией и предназначенную для
исследования.
4 © ISO 2012 – Все права сохраняются
3.17
процесс
process
совокупность связанных и взаимодействующих деятельностей, преобразующих входы в выходы
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ 1 Входы обычно являются выходами другого процесса.
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ 2 Адаптировано из ISO 9000:2005, определение 3.4.1.
3.18
качество
quality
степень соответствия совокупности имеющихся характеристик требованиям
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ 1 Термин ―качество‖ может быть использован с такими прилагательными как плохое, хорошее или
отличное.
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ 2 ―Имеющиеся‖, в противоположность ―запланированным‖, означает существующие в чем-либо,
особенно неизменные характеристики.
[ISO 9000:2005, определение 3.1.1]
3.19
показатель качества
quality indicator
мера степени соответствия совокупности имеющихся характеристик требованиям
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ 1 Мера может быть определена, например, как % годных (% в пределах установленных
требований), % дефектных (% за пределами установленных требований), число дефектных на миллион (DPMO)
или по шкале Шесть Сигма.
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ 2 Показатели качества могут измерять, насколько хорошо организация удовлетворяет
потребности и требования потребителей и качество всех рабочих процессов.
ПРИМЕР Если требованием является получение незагрязненных образцов мочи, то количество загрязненных
образцов мочи, выраженное в % от общего числа образцов (имеющаяся характеристика процесса) является
мерой качества процесса.
3.20
система менеджмента качества
quality management system
система менеджмента, управляющая и контролирующая организацию в отношении качества
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ 1 Термин ―система менеджмента качества‖ в рамках данного определения относится к процессам
менеджмента, предоставлению и управлению ресурсами, процедурам до исследования, исследования и после
исследования, оценке и постоянному улучшению.
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ 2 Адаптировано из ISO 9000:2005, определение 3.2.3.
3.21
политика в области качества
quality policy
общие намерения и установления лаборатории по отношению к качеству, как формально установлено
руководством лаборатории
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ 1 Обычно политика в области качества соответствует политике организации в целом и
обеспечивает базу для определения целей в области качества.
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ 2 Адаптировано из ISO 9000:2005, определение 3.2.4.
3.22
цель в области качества
quality objective
некоторая желаемая или целевая характеристика, относящаяся к качеству
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ 1 Цели в области качества, как правило, основаны на лабораторной политике в области качества.
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ 2 Цели в области качества, как правило, установлены для соответствующих подразделений и
уровней в организации.
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ 3 Адаптировано из ISO 9000:2005, определение 3.2.5.
3.23
референтная лаборатория
referral laboratory
внешняя лаборатория, в которую отсылают пробу для процедуры дополнительного или
подтверждающего исследования и сообщения результата
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ Референтной лабораторией является та, в которую руководство лаборатории выбрало
передать образец или его часть для исследований или когда обычные исследования не могут быть проведены.
Это отлично от лабораторий, включающих регистры общественного здравоохранения, судебные и онкологические
базы, а также центральные (основные) лабораторные базы, подача образцов которым требуется структурой
деятельности или регулированием.
3.24
проба
sample
одна или несколько частей, которые взяты из первичной пробы
ПРИМЕР Порция сыворотки, взятая из большего объема сыворотки.
3.25
время обработки
turnaround time
время между двумя установленными моментами в процессах перед исследованием, исследованием и
после исследования
3.26
валидация
validation
подтверждение, путем предоставления объективных свидетельств, того, что требования в отношении
конкретного назначения или применения были выполнены
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ 1 Термин ―валидировано‖ используется для определения соответствующего статуса.
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ 2 Адаптировано из ISO 9000:2005, определение 3.8.5.
3.27
верификация
verification
подтверждение, путем предоставления объективных свидетельств, того, что установленные
требования были выполнены
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ 1 Термин ―верифицировано‖ используется для определения соответствующего статуса.
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ 2 Подтверждение может включать такие виды деятельности как
— выполнение альтернативных расчетов,
— сравнение новых спецификаций конструкции с аналогичными проверенными спецификациями конструкции,
6 © ISO 2012 – Все права сохраняются
— проведение испытаний или моделирования, и
— проверка документов перед их выпуском.
[ISO 9000:2005, определение 3.8.4]
4 Требования к руководству
4.1 Ответственность организации и руководства
4.1.1 Организация
4.1.1.1 Общие положения
Медицинская лаборатория (далее — 'лаборатория') должна соответствовать требованиям настоящего
международного стандарта при выполнении работ на месте своего постоянного расположения и в
соответствующих мобильных местах расположения.
4.1.1.2 Юридическое лицо
Медицинская лаборатория или организация, частью которой является лаборатория, должна быть
юридическим лицом, способным нести юридическую ответственность за свою деятельность.
4.1.1.3 Этичная деятельность
Руководство лаборатории должно предпринять действия, чтобы обеспечить следующее:
a) отсутствие вовлеченности в какие-либо виды деятельности, которые могли бы поставить под
сомнение уверенность в компетенции лаборатории, ее независимости, заключениях или
устойчивом характере работы;
b) обеспечение независимости руководства и персонала от любого внутреннего или внешнего
коммерческого, финансового или иного давления и влияний, которые могут неблагоприятно
сказаться на качестве их работы;
c) в случае существования конфликта интересов, об этом должно быть соответственно открыто
заявлено;
d) существование надлежащих процедур для обеспечения того, что персонал выполняет
применимые регулирующие требования при работе с образцами, полученными из организма
человека, тканей человека или его останков;
e) поддержание конфиденциальности информации.
4.1.1.4 Руководитель лаборатории
Лаборатория должна управляться лицом или лицами, имеющими компетентность и установленную
ответственность в отношении оказываемых услуг.
Ответственность руководителя лаборатории должна включать профессиональные, научные,
консультационные или рекомендательные, организационные, административные и образовательные
аспекты, относящиеся к услугам, оказываемым лабораторией.
Руководитель лаборатории может делегировать определенные обязанности и/или ответственности
квалифицированному персоналу; однако руководитель лаборатории сохраняет конечную
ответственность за общую работу и управление лабораторией.
Обязанности и ответственности руководителя лаборатории должны быть документально оформлены.
Руководитель лаборатории (или лица, которым делегированы обязанности) должны иметь
соответствующую компетентность, полномочия и ресурсы для выполнения требований настоящего
международного стандарта.
Руководитель лаборатории (или назначенные лица) должны:
a) обеспечить эффективное руководство услугами медицинской лаборатории, включая планирование
бюджета и финансовый менеджмент, в соответствии с распределением этих ответственностей в
организации;
b) обмениваться информацией и эффективно взаимодействовать с соответствующими агентствами
по аккредитации и регулированию, соответствующими официальными лицами, сообществами в
области здравоохранения, популяцией обслуживаемых пациентов, и сторонами, заключающими
официальные договора, если требуется;
c) обеспечить достаточное количество сотрудников с требуемой квалификацией, обучением и
компетентностью для предоставления медицинской лабораторией услуг, соответствующих
ожиданиям и требованиям потребителей;
d) обеспечить выполнение политики в области качества;
e) реализовать безопасную производственную среду в лаборатории в соответствии с надлежащей
практикой и применимыми требованиями;
f) служить в качестве вовлеченного персонала при обслуживании организаций, если применимо и
соответствует цели;
g) обеспечить предоставление клинических заключений в отношении выбора исследований,
использования услуг и интерпретации результатов исследований;
h) выбирать и мониторировать поставщиков лаборатории;
i) выбирать референтные лаборатории и мониторировать качество их услуг (см. также 4.5);
j) определить программы профессионального развития персонала лаборатории и возможности
участия в научной и других видах деятельности профессиональных лабораторных организаций;
k) определить, выполнять и мониторировать стандарты в отношении эффективности и улучшения
качества услуги или услуг медицинской лаборатории;
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ Это может быть осуществлено в контексте различных комитетов по развитию в
области качества в соответствующих головных организациях, если применимо.
l) мониторировать всю выполняемую работу в лаборатории для определения того, что получают
клинически релевантную информацию;
m) рассматривать все жалобы, запросы или предложения от персонала и/или потребителей услуг
лаборатории (см. также 4.8, 4.14.3 и 4.14.4);
n) разрабатывать и выполнять резервный план для обеспечения доступности услуг в случае
критических ситуаций и других событий, при которых услуги лаборатории могут быть ограничены
или недоступны;
o) планировать и управлять исследованиями и разработками, если применимо.
8 © ISO 2012 – Все права сохраняются
4.1.2 Ответственность руководства
4.1.2.1 Вовлеченность руководства
Руководство лаборатории должно предоставить свидетельство своей вовлеченности в разработку и
внедрение системы менеджмента качества и постоянного улучшения ее результативности
посредством:
a) доведения до персонала лаборатории важности выполнения ожиданий и требований
потребителей (см. 4.1.2.2), также как и регулирующих и аккредитационных требований;
b) принятия политики в области качества (см. 4.1.2.3);
c) обеспечения того, что цели в области качества и планирование определены (см. 4.1.2.4);
d) определения ответственности, полномочий и взаимодействия всего персонала (см. 4.1.2.5);
e) определения процессов обмена информацией (см. 4.1.2.6);
f) назначения менеджера по качеству, или иначе называемого лица (см. 4.1.2.7);
g) проведения анализа со стороны руководства (см. 4.15);
h) обеспечения того, что персонал компетентен для выполнения своей работы (см. 5.1.6);
i) обеспечения доступности соответствующих ресурсов (см. 5.1, 5.2 и 5.3) для возможности должного
проведения процедур перед исследованием, исследований и процедур после исследований (см.
5.4, 5.5 и 5.7).
4.1.2.2 Ожидания потребителей
Руководство лаборатории должно обеспечить, чтобы услуги лаборатории, включая соответствующие
услуги по консультированию и интерпретации, соответствовали бы ожиданиям пациентов и прочих лиц,
использующих услуги лаборатории (см. также 4.4 и 4.14.3).
4.1.2.3 Политика в области качества
Руководство лаборатории должно определить назначение своей системы менеджмента качества в
политике в области качества. Руководство лаборатории должно обеспечить, чтобы политика в области
качества:
a) была соответствующей целям организации;
b) включала заявление о приверженности надлежащей профессиональной практике, исследованиям,
соответствующим назначению, соответствию требованиям данного международного стандарта, и
постоянному улучшению качества услуг лаборатории;
c) обеспечивала основу для определения и анализа целей в области качества;
d) была доведена до сведения и понята в организации;
e) пересматривалась на предмет соответствия.
4.1.2.4 Цели в области качества и планирование
Руководство лаборатории должно определить цели в области качества, включая те, которые требуется
для удовлетворения ожиданий и требований потребителей, на соответствующих уровнях и должностях
в организации. Цели в области качества должны быть измеримы и соответствовать политике в области
качества.
Руководство лаборатории должно обеспечить, чтобы планирование системы менеджмента качества
проводилось для выполнения требований (см. 4.2) и целей в области качества.
Руководство лаборатории должно обеспечить поддержание целостности системы менеджмента
качества при планировании и проведении изменений в системе менеджмента качества.
4.1.2.5 Ответственность, полномочия и взаимодействие
Руководство лаборатории должно обеспечить, чтобы ответственности, полномочия и взаимодействия
были определены и доведены до сведения в организации лаборатории. Это должно включать
назначение лиц, ответственных за каждую функцию в лаборатории и назначение ключевого
руководящего и технического персонала.
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ Признано, что в лабораториях меньшего размера сотрудники могут заниматься более чем
одной функцией и является нерациональным назначение отдельного ответственного за каждую функцию.
4.1.2.6 Обмен информацией
Руководство лаборатории должно иметь эффективные средства общения с персоналом (см. также
4.14.4). Должны вестись записи по вопросам, обсужденным в переписке и на совещаниях.
Руководство лаборатории должно обеспечить, чтобы были определены процессы обмена
информацией между лабораторией и заинтересованными сторонами и чтобы сообщалась информация
о результативности процессов лаборатории в отношении процедур перед исследованиями,
исследований, процедур после исследований и результативности системы менеджмента качества.
4.1.2.7 Менеджер по качеству
Руководство лаборатории должно назначить менеджера по качеству, которому, вне зависимости от
прочих обязанностей, будет делегирована ответственность и полномочия, включающие:
a) обеспечение того, что требуемые процессы для системы менеджмента качества установлены,
внедрены и поддерживаются;
b) отчет руководству лаборатории на том уровне, где принимаются решения по политике
лаборатории, целям и ресурсам, о функционировании системы менеджмента качества и
необходимости улучшений;
c) обеспечение распространения осведомленности об ожиданиях и требованиях потребителей в
организации лаборатории.
4.2 Cистема менеджмента качества
4.2.1 Общие требования
Лаборатория должна разработать, документировать, внедрить и поддерживать систему менеджмента
качества и постоянно улучшать ее результативность в соответствии с требованиями данного
международного стандарта.
Система менеджмента качества должна обеспечить объединение всех требуемых процессов для
выполнения политики в области качества и целей и удовлетворения ожиданий и требований
потребителей.
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Лаборатория должна:
a) определить процессы, требуемые в системе менеджмента качества и обеспечить их реализацию в
лаборатории;
b) определить последовательность и взаимодействие этих процессов;
c) определить критерии и методы, требуемые для обеспечения эффективного функционирования и
управления этими процессами;
d) обеспечить наличие ресурсов и информации, необходимых для поддержания реализации и
мониторинга этих процессов;
e) мониторировать и оценивать эти процессы;
f) выполнять действия, необходимые для достижения запланированных результатов и постоянного
улучшения этих процессов.
4.2.2 Требования к документации
4.2.2.1 Общие положения
Документация системы менеджмента качества должна включать:
a) заявления в отношении политики (см. 4.1.2.3) и целей в области качества (см. 4.1.2.4);
b) руководство по качеству (см. 4.2.2.2);
c) процедуры и записи, требуемые данным международным стандартом;
d) документы и записи (см. 4.13), определенные лабораторией для обеспечения эффективного
планирования, функционирования и управления ее процессами;
e) копии применимых регулирующих требований, стандартов и прочих нормативных документов.
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ Документация может быть в любой форме, типе или исполнении, при условии что она легко
доступна и защищена от неавторизованных изменений и непредусмотренной порчи.
4.2.2.2 Руководство по качеству
Лаборатория должна разработать и поддерживать руководство по качеству, включающее:
a) политику в области качества (4.1.2.3) или ссылки на нее;
b) описание области применения системы менеджмента качества;
c) определение организационной и управленческой структуры лаборатории и ее места в какой-либо
головной организации;
d) описание ролей и ответственностей руководства лаборатории (включая руководителя лаборатории
и менеджера по качеству) для обеспечения соответствия данному международному стандарту;
e) описание структуры и взаимосвязей в документации, используемой в системе менеджмента
качества;
f) документированные политики, установленные в системе менеджмента качества и ссылки на
управленческие и технические виды работ, которые их поддерживают.
Весь персонал лаборатории должен иметь доступ и быть проинструктированным в отношении
использования и применения руководства по качеству и ссылочных документов.
4.3 Управление документами
Лаборатория должна управлять документами, требуемыми системой менеджмента качества, и должна
обеспечить, чтобы непреднамеренное использование устаревших документов было невозможно.
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ 1 Документы, которые должны быть рассмотрены на предмет управления документами, включает
те, которые могут изменяться на основе изменений версий со временем. Примеры включают заявления о
политике, инструкции по применению, блок-схемы, процедуры, спецификации, формы, калибровочные таблицы,
референтные биологические интервалы и их источники, схемы, плакаты, записки, меморандумы, программную
документацию, чертежи, планы, соглашения, а также документы внешнего происхождения, такие как
регулирующие требования, стандарты и книги, где описаны выбранные процедуры исследований.
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ 2 Записи содержат информацию в определенный момент времени в отношении полученных
результатов и обеспечения свидетельств выполненных действий и поддерживаются в соответствии с
требованиями, установленными в 4.13, Управление записями.
Лаборатория должна иметь документированную процедуру для обеспечения того, что выполнены
следующие условия.
a) Все документы, включая хранящиеся в компьютерных системах, принимаемые как часть системы
менеджмента качества, анализируются и утверждаются компетентным персоналом перед их
выпуском.
b) Все документы идентифицированы и включают:
название;
уникальный идентификатор документа на каждой странице;
дату текущей редакции и/или номер редакции;
номер страницы и общее число страниц (например, ―Страница 1 из 5‖, ―Страница 2 из 5‖);
утверждение о введении в действие.
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ ―Редакция‖ используется для обозначения одного или нескольких выпущенных
экземпляров в различное время и имеющих изменения или исправления. ―Редакция‖ может рассматриваться
как синоним ―пересмотру‖ или ―версии‖.
c) Текущие утвержденные редакции и их рассылка должны быть идентифицированы путем списка
(например, реестра документов, журнала или индекса).
d) Только актуальные утвержденные редакции применимых документов должны быть доступных в
местах использования.
e) Если система управления документами лаборатории разрешает внесение изменений от руки в
ожидании формального перевыпуска документов, должны быть определены процедуры и
полномочия для таких изменения, изменения должны быть четко выделены, подписаны и
датированы, а пересмотренный документ должен быть выпущен в установленный период.
f) Изменения в документах должны быть идентифицированы.
g) Документы должны поддерживаться читаемыми.
h) Документы должны периодически анализироваться и актуализироваться с частотой,
обеспечивающей поддержание их соответствие цели.
12 © ISO 2012 – Все права сохраняются
i) Устаревшие управляемые документы должны быть датированы и маркированы как устаревшие.
j) По меньшей мере одна копия устаревших документов должна сохраняться определенный период
времени в соответствии с применимыми специальными требованиями.
4.4 Договора на услуги
4.4.1 Заключение договоров на услуги
Лаборатория должна иметь документированные процедуры для заключения и анализа договоров на
предоставление медицинских лабораторных услуг.
Каждый запрос, принятый лабораторией для исследования (исследований) должен рассматриваться
как договор.
Договора по предоставлению медицинских лабораторных услуг должны принимать во внимание
запрос на исследование, исследование и отчет. Договор должен указывать информацию, требуемую в
зависимости от запроса, для обеспечения соответствующего исследования и интерпретации
результатов.
Следующие условия должны быть выполнены, когда лаборатория принимает договор на
предоставление медицинских лабораторных услуг.
a) Требования потребителей и пользователей, а также провайдера лабораторных услуг, включая
процессы исследования, которые будут осуществлены, должны быть определены,
документированы и понятны (см. 5.4.2 и 5.5).
b) Лаборатория должны иметь возможности и ресурсы для выполнения требований.
c) Персонал лаборатории должен иметь навыки и опыт, требуемые для выполнения предполагаемых
исследований.
d) Выбранные процедуры исследования должны соответствовать и быть соответствующими
ожиданиям потребителей (см. 5.5.1).
e) Потребители и пользователи должны быть проинформированы об изменениях в договоре,
которые влияют на результаты исследований.
f) Должны быть сделаны ссылки на любую работу лаборатории, которая передается референтной
лаборатории или консалтингу.
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ 1 Потребители и пользователи могут включать клиницистов, организации здравоохранения,
организации третьей стороны и агентства, фармацевтические компании, и пациентов.
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ 2 Если потребителями являются пациенты (например, когда пациенты имеют возможность
заказывать исследования напрямую), изменения в услугах должны быть отражены в разъяснительной
информации и лабораторных отчетах.
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ 3 Лаборатории не должны вступать в финансовые соглашения с референтными клиницистами
или фондами, если такие соглашения служат недолжным стимулированием референтов или пациентов или
влияют на непредвзятость оценки клиницистами того, что является благом для пациента.
4.4.2 Анализ договоров на услуги
Анализ договоров на предоставление медицинских лабораторных услуг должен включать все аспекты
договора. Записи таких анализов должны включать любые изменения договоров и любые
соответствующие обсуждения.
Если договор нуждается в исправлении после того, как были выполнены лабораторные услуги, такой
же процесс анализа договора должен быть повторен и все изменения должны быть дов
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