ISO/TS 23362:2021
(Main)Nanotechnologies — Nanostructured porous alumina as catalyst support for vehicle exhaust emission control — Specification of characteristics and measurement methods
Nanotechnologies — Nanostructured porous alumina as catalyst support for vehicle exhaust emission control — Specification of characteristics and measurement methods
This document specifies characteristics to be measured of nanostructured porous alumina in powder form as catalyst support for vehicle exhaust emission control and their relevant measurement methods. It includes critical characteristics that are required to be measured and additional characteristics that are recommended to be measured, based upon agreement between the interested parties. Measurement methods for each characteristic are recommended. This document is applicable to nanostructured porous alumina for gasoline-powered cars. It does not apply to characteristics specific for health, the environment and safety issues.
Nanotechnologies — Alumine poreuse nanostructurée utilisée comme support catalytique pour le contrôle des émissions d'échappement des véhicules — Spécification des caractéristiques et mesure
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TECHNICAL ISO/TS
SPECIFICATION 23362
First edition
2021-01
Nanotechnologies — Nanostructured
porous alumina as catalyst support
for vehicle exhaust emission control
— Specification of characteristics and
measurement methods
Reference number
©
ISO 2021
© ISO 2021
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 1
3.1 Terms and definitions . 1
3.2 Abbreviated terms . 2
4 Characteristics and their measurement methods . 3
4.1 General . 3
4.2 Critical characteristics and their measurement methods . 3
4.3 Additional characteristics and their measurement methods . 3
5 Descriptions of characteristics and measurement methods . 3
5.1 General . 3
5.2 Specific surface area . 4
5.3 Specific pore volume . 4
5.4 Pore diameter . 4
5.5 Impurity content . 4
5.6 Apparent density . 5
5.7 Tap density . 5
5.8 Particle size . 5
5.9 Loss on ignition . 6
6 Reporting . 6
Annex A (informative) Schematic illustration of three-way catalytic converter .7
Annex B (informative) Example of reporting table format . 8
Bibliography . 9
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 229, Nanotechnologies.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
iv © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
Introduction
Nanostructured porous alumina as catalyst support for vehicle exhaust emission control plays an
[15]
important role in automotive exhaust treatment . Three-way catalytic converters (TWCs) have
been used in vehicle exhaust control systems worldwide, which can convert carbon monoxide (CO),
hydrocarbon (HC) and oxynitride (NOx) into carbon dioxide (CO ), nitrogen (N ) and oxygen (O ).
2 2 2
Nanostructured porous alumina has the advantages of a high specific surface area (SSA) and excellent
thermal stability, which makes TWCs keep high catalytic activity at a temperature of 900 °C to 1 000 °C
[16]
in gasoline cars. As one of the most important materials in the catalytic converter , nanostructured
porous alumina with proper performance is in great demand. In the automotive exhaust treatment
field, almost 11,000 tons of porous alumina powders are needed per year.
SSA, specific pore volume, impurities and thermal stability are the main characteristics affecting
[17]
the performance of nanostructured porous alumina as catalyst support . A high SSA can facilitate
homogeneous dispersion of noble metal. A suitable specific pore volume ensures efficient noble metal
loading and allows reaction gas to pass through and contact with the catalyst. Impurities can deactivate
the noble metal catalyst and thus are harmful. An excellent thermal stability guarantees that TWCs
maintain at high activity levels after a long distance running and thus have a prolonged service life. The
schematic illustration is shown in Annex A.
The world market demand for nanostructured porous alumina is growing year by year. Currently,
however, there are no standards for manufacturers in managing quality control and assurance, and for
users in selecting suitable materials for TWCs.
This document provides characteristics and measurements of nanostructured porous alumina as
catalyst support for vehicle exhaust emission control. It aims to facilitate worldwide transactions
between buyers and sellers of nanostructured porous alumina.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 23362:2021(E)
Nanotechnologies — Nanostructured porous alumina as
catalyst support for vehicle exhaust emission control —
Specification of characteristics and measurement methods
1 Scope
This document specifies characteristics to be measured of nanostructured porous alumina in powder
form as catalyst support for vehicle exhaust emission control and their relevant measurement methods.
It includes critical characteristics that are required to be measured and additional characteristics that
are recommended to be measured, based upon agreement between the interested parties. Measurement
methods for each characteristic are recommended.
This document is applicable to nanostructured porous alumina for gasoline-powered cars. It does not
apply to characteristics specific for health, the environment and safety issues.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/TS 80004-1, Nanotechnologies — Vocabulary — Part 1: Core terms
ISO/TS 80004-6, Nanotechnologies — Vocabulary — Part 6: Nano-object characterization
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/TS 80004-1, ISO/TS 80004-6
and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1.1
specific surface area
SSA
absolute surface area of the sample divided by sample mass
[SOURCE: ISO 9277:2010, 3.11]
3.1.2
specific pore volume
volume of open pores per unit mass of a material
3.1.3
pore diameter
diameter of a pore in a model in which the pores typically are assumed to be cylindrical in shape and
which is calculated from data obtained by a specified procedure
[SOURCE: ISO 15901-1:2016, 3.15]
3.1.4
apparent density
loose bulk density
dry mass per unit volume of a powder obtained by free pouring under specified conditions
[SOURCE: ISO 9161:2019, 3.1]
3.1.5
tap density
dry mass per unit volume of a powder in a container that has been tapped under specified conditions
[SOURCE: ISO 9161:2019, 3.2]
3.1.6
impurity
metallic or non-metallic element present in a material, but not intentionally added to the material
[SOURCE: ISO 3522:2007, 3.10, modified — “in a material, but not intentionally added to the material” has
replaced “but not intentionally added to a metal, and the minimum content of which is not controlled”.]
3.1.7
loss on ignition
change in mass of a material held at a specified temperature, excluding the loss due to hygroscopic
moisture
[SOURCE: ISO 11323:2010, 8.4, modified — “a material held at a specified temperature” has replaced
“an ore held at 1 000 °C”.]
3.1.8
ceramic honeycomb
fine ceramic body having multiple channels typically arranged in a honeycomb structure
[SOURCE: ISO 20507:2014, 2.1.18, modified — Note 1 to entry has been deleted.]
3.2 Abbreviated terms
BET Brunauer–Emmett–Teller
BJH Barrett–Joyner–Halenda
ICP-AES inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry
ICP-OES inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry
SSA specific surface area
TWC three-way catalytic converters
XRF X-ray fluorescence spectrometry
2 © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
4 Characteristics and their measurement methods
4.1 General
Critical and additional characteristics to be measured of nanostructured porous alumina are listed in
Tables 1 and 2, respectively.
Although the International Standards given in Tables 1 and 2 are individually applicable to general or
specific materials, all the documents are not yet fully validated whether they are specifically applicable
to nanostructured porous alumina. Their application shall be validated and decided by the standards
users themselves.
As the nanostructured porous alumina is liable to adsorb moisture,
...
TECHNICAL ISO/TS
SPECIFICATION 23362
First edition
2021-01
Nanotechnologies — Nanostructured
porous alumina as catalyst support
for vehicle exhaust emission control
— Specification of characteristics and
measurement methods
Reference number
©
ISO 2021
© ISO 2021
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 1
3.1 Terms and definitions . 1
3.2 Abbreviated terms . 2
4 Characteristics and their measurement methods . 3
4.1 General . 3
4.2 Critical characteristics and their measurement methods . 3
4.3 Additional characteristics and their measurement methods . 3
5 Descriptions of characteristics and measurement methods . 3
5.1 General . 3
5.2 Specific surface area . 4
5.3 Specific pore volume . 4
5.4 Pore diameter . 4
5.5 Impurity content . 4
5.6 Apparent density . 5
5.7 Tap density . 5
5.8 Particle size . 5
5.9 Loss on ignition . 6
6 Reporting . 6
Annex A (informative) Schematic illustration of three-way catalytic converter .7
Annex B (informative) Example of reporting table format . 8
Bibliography . 9
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 229, Nanotechnologies.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
iv © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
Introduction
Nanostructured porous alumina as catalyst support for vehicle exhaust emission control plays an
[15]
important role in automotive exhaust treatment . Three-way catalytic converters (TWCs) have
been used in vehicle exhaust control systems worldwide, which can convert carbon monoxide (CO),
hydrocarbon (HC) and oxynitride (NOx) into carbon dioxide (CO ), nitrogen (N ) and oxygen (O ).
2 2 2
Nanostructured porous alumina has the advantages of a high specific surface area (SSA) and excellent
thermal stability, which makes TWCs keep high catalytic activity at a temperature of 900 °C to 1 000 °C
[16]
in gasoline cars. As one of the most important materials in the catalytic converter , nanostructured
porous alumina with proper performance is in great demand. In the automotive exhaust treatment
field, almost 11,000 tons of porous alumina powders are needed per year.
SSA, specific pore volume, impurities and thermal stability are the main characteristics affecting
[17]
the performance of nanostructured porous alumina as catalyst support . A high SSA can facilitate
homogeneous dispersion of noble metal. A suitable specific pore volume ensures efficient noble metal
loading and allows reaction gas to pass through and contact with the catalyst. Impurities can deactivate
the noble metal catalyst and thus are harmful. An excellent thermal stability guarantees that TWCs
maintain at high activity levels after a long distance running and thus have a prolonged service life. The
schematic illustration is shown in Annex A.
The world market demand for nanostructured porous alumina is growing year by year. Currently,
however, there are no standards for manufacturers in managing quality control and assurance, and for
users in selecting suitable materials for TWCs.
This document provides characteristics and measurements of nanostructured porous alumina as
catalyst support for vehicle exhaust emission control. It aims to facilitate worldwide transactions
between buyers and sellers of nanostructured porous alumina.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 23362:2021(E)
Nanotechnologies — Nanostructured porous alumina as
catalyst support for vehicle exhaust emission control —
Specification of characteristics and measurement methods
1 Scope
This document specifies characteristics to be measured of nanostructured porous alumina in powder
form as catalyst support for vehicle exhaust emission control and their relevant measurement methods.
It includes critical characteristics that are required to be measured and additional characteristics that
are recommended to be measured, based upon agreement between the interested parties. Measurement
methods for each characteristic are recommended.
This document is applicable to nanostructured porous alumina for gasoline-powered cars. It does not
apply to characteristics specific for health, the environment and safety issues.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/TS 80004-1, Nanotechnologies — Vocabulary — Part 1: Core terms
ISO/TS 80004-6, Nanotechnologies — Vocabulary — Part 6: Nano-object characterization
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/TS 80004-1, ISO/TS 80004-6
and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1.1
specific surface area
SSA
absolute surface area of the sample divided by sample mass
[SOURCE: ISO 9277:2010, 3.11]
3.1.2
specific pore volume
volume of open pores per unit mass of a material
3.1.3
pore diameter
diameter of a pore in a model in which the pores typically are assumed to be cylindrical in shape and
which is calculated from data obtained by a specified procedure
[SOURCE: ISO 15901-1:2016, 3.15]
3.1.4
apparent density
loose bulk density
dry mass per unit volume of a powder obtained by free pouring under specified conditions
[SOURCE: ISO 9161:2019, 3.1]
3.1.5
tap density
dry mass per unit volume of a powder in a container that has been tapped under specified conditions
[SOURCE: ISO 9161:2019, 3.2]
3.1.6
impurity
metallic or non-metallic element present in a material, but not intentionally added to the material
[SOURCE: ISO 3522:2007, 3.10, modified — “in a material, but not intentionally added to the material” has
replaced “but not intentionally added to a metal, and the minimum content of which is not controlled”.]
3.1.7
loss on ignition
change in mass of a material held at a specified temperature, excluding the loss due to hygroscopic
moisture
[SOURCE: ISO 11323:2010, 8.4, modified — “a material held at a specified temperature” has replaced
“an ore held at 1 000 °C”.]
3.1.8
ceramic honeycomb
fine ceramic body having multiple channels typically arranged in a honeycomb structure
[SOURCE: ISO 20507:2014, 2.1.18, modified — Note 1 to entry has been deleted.]
3.2 Abbreviated terms
BET Brunauer–Emmett–Teller
BJH Barrett–Joyner–Halenda
ICP-AES inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry
ICP-OES inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry
SSA specific surface area
TWC three-way catalytic converters
XRF X-ray fluorescence spectrometry
2 © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
4 Characteristics and their measurement methods
4.1 General
Critical and additional characteristics to be measured of nanostructured porous alumina are listed in
Tables 1 and 2, respectively.
Although the International Standards given in Tables 1 and 2 are individually applicable to general or
specific materials, all the documents are not yet fully validated whether they are specifically applicable
to nanostructured porous alumina. Their application shall be validated and decided by the standards
users themselves.
As the nanostructured porous alumina is liable to adsorb moisture,
...
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