SIST EN ISO 6385:2017
(Main)Ergonomics principles in the design of work systems (ISO 6385:2016)
Ergonomics principles in the design of work systems (ISO 6385:2016)
This International Standard establishes the fundamental principles of ergonomics as basic guidelines
for the design of work systems and defines relevant basic terms. It describes an integrated approach
to the design of work systems, where ergonomists will cooperate with others involved in the design,
with attention to the human, the social and the technical requirements in a balanced manner during the
design process.
Users of this International Standard will include executives, managers, workers (and their
representatives, when appropriate) and professionals, such as ergonomists, project managers and
designers who are involved in the design or redesign of work systems. Those who use this International
Standard can find a general knowledge of ergonomics (human factors), engineering, design, quality and
project management helpful.
The term “work system” in this International Standard is used to indicate a large variety of working
situations, including permanent and flexible work places. The intention of this International Standard is
to assist in the improvement, (re)design or change of work systems. Work systems involve combinations
of workers and equipment, within a given space and environment, and the interactions between these
components within a work organization. Work systems vary in complexity and characteristics, for
example, the use of temporary work systems. Some examples of work systems in different areas are the
following:
— production, e.g. machine operator and machine, worker and assembly line;
— transportation, e.g. driver and car or lorry, personnel in an airport;
— support, e.g. maintenance technician with work equipment;
— commercial, e.g. office worker with workstation, mobile worker with a tablet computer, cook in a
restaurant kitchen;
— other areas like health care, teaching and training.
The observance of ergonomic principles applies to all phases throughout the life cycle of the work system
from conception through development, realization and implementation, utilization, maintenance and
support to decommissioning.
The systems approach in this International Standard gives guidance to the users of this International
Standard in existing and new situations.
The definitions and ergonomic principles specified in this International Standard apply to the design
of optimal working conditions with regard to human well-being, safety and health, including the
development of existing skills and the acquisition of new ones, while taking into account technological
and economic effectiveness and efficiency.
The principles in this International Standard are applicable to many other human activities, e.g. in the
design of products for domestic and leisure activities. A more general description of the principles in
this International Standard can be found in ISO 26800.
NOTE 1 This International Standard is considered to be the core ergonomic standard for work systems from
which many others on specific issues are derived.
Note 2 Although elements of the system can be the same, this International Standard is not intended to be
applied to systems used in a non-work context (e.g. the use of a vehicle for private purposes).
Grundsätze der Ergonomie für die Gestaltung von Arbeitssystemen (ISO 6385:2016)
Diese Internationale Norm legt Grundsätze der Ergonomie in Form von grundlegenden Leitlinien zur Gestaltung von Arbeitssystemen fest und definiert die relevanten grundsätzlichen Begriffe. Sie beschreibt einen integrierten Ansatz für die Gestaltung von Arbeitssystemen, bei dem Arbeitswissenschaftler mit anderen, die an der Gestaltung beteiligt sind, zusammenarbeiten und während des Gestaltungsprozesses die menschlichen, sozialen und technischen Anforderungen ausgewogen beachten.
Zu den Anwendern dieser Internationalen Norm werden Geschäftsführer, Manager, Arbeitende (oder deren Repräsentanten) und Fachleute wie Arbeitswissenschaftler, Projektleiter und Designer gehören, die an der Gestaltung oder Umgestaltung von Arbeitssystemen mitarbeiten. Für die Anwender dieser Internationalen Norm können allgemeine Kenntnisse der Ergonomie (der Arbeitswissenschaft), der Technik und der Gestaltung sowie des Qualitäts- und Projektmanagements hilfreich sein.
Der Begriff "Arbeitssystem" wird in dieser Internationalen Norm zur Beschreibung einer Vielzahl von Arbeits-situationen einschließlich fester als auch flexibler Arbeitsplätze verwendet. Zielrichtung dieser Internationalen Norm ist es bei der Verbesserung, Gestaltung/Umgestaltung oder der Veränderung von Arbeitssystemen zu helfen. Arbeitssysteme beinhalten Kombinationen von Arbeitenden und Arbeitsmitteln innerhalb eines bestimmten Raumes und einer bestimmten Umgebung, und das Zusammenwirken dieser Komponenten innerhalb einer Arbeitsorganisation. Die Komplexität und Eigenschaften von Arbeitssystemen sind unterschiedlich, zum Beispiel bei der Anwendung von temporären Arbeitssystemen. Einige Beispiele von Arbeitssystemen in verschiedenen Bereichen sind:
- Produktion, z. B. Maschinenbenutzer und Maschine, Arbeitender und Montageband;
- Transportwesen, z. B. Fahrer und Auto oder Lastkraftwagen, Personal in einem Flughafen;
- Unterstützung, z. B. Instandhaltungstechniker mit Arbeitsmittel;
- Handel, z. B. Bürokraft mit Computerarbeitsplatz, mobiler Arbeitender mit Tablet Computer, Koch in einer Restaurantküche;
- und andere Bereiche, wie Gesundheitswesen, Lehre und Training.
Die Beachtung von ergonomischen Grundsätzen betrifft den gesamten Lebenszyklus des Arbeitssystems, von Konzeption über Entwicklung, Umsetzung und Ausführung, Nutzung, Instandhaltung und Unterstützung bis zur Außerbetriebnahme.
Mit ihrem systembezogenen Ansatz unterstützt diese Internationale Norm Anwender dieser Norm sowohl in bestehenden als auch in neuen Situationen.
Die in dieser Internationalen Norm festgelegten Begriffe und ergonomischen Grundsätze gelten für die Gestaltung optimaler Arbeitsbedingungen hinsichtlich des Wohlbefindens, der Sicherheit und der Gesundheit von Menschen einschließlich der Weiterentwicklung bestehender und dem Erwerb neuer Fertigkeiten, während gleichzeitig die technische und ökonomische Effektivität und Effizienz berücksichtigen werden.
Die Grundsätze in dieser Internationalen Norm sind anwendbar auf viele andere menschliche Tätigkeiten wie z. B. die Gestaltung von Produkten für Haushalts- und Freizeittätigkeiten. Eine allgemeinere Beschreibung der Grundsätze in dieser Norm findet sich in ISO 26800.
ANMERKUNG Diese Internationale Norm ist als ergonomische Grundnorm für Arbeitssysteme anzusehen, von der viele andere Normen zu spezifischen Themen abgeleitet werden.
Principes ergonomiques de la conception des systèmes de travail (ISO 6385:2016)
ISO 6385:2016 établit les principes ergonomiques fondamentaux comme lignes directrices de base pour la conception des systèmes de travail, et définit les termes de base correspondants. Elle décrit une approche intégrée de la conception des systèmes de travail, selon laquelle les ergonomes coopèrent avec d'autres personnes impliquées dans la conception, en prenant en considération les exigences humaines, sociales et techniques, de façon équilibrée, durant le processus de conception.
Les utilisateurs de la présente Norme internationale incluent les dirigeants, les travailleurs (et leurs représentants, le cas échéant) et les professionnels tels que les ergonomes, les chefs de projet et les concepteurs impliqués dans le processus de conception ou de correction des systèmes de travail. Les utilisateurs peuvent trouver dans la présente Norme internationale des connaissances générales en ergonomie (facteurs humains), ingénierie, conception, qualité et gestion de projet.
Dans l'ISO 6385:2016, le terme «système de travail» fait référence à une grande variété de situations de travail, incluant les lieux de travail permanents et flexibles. L'objectif de la présente Norme internationale est d'aider à améliorer, (re)concevoir ou modifier les systèmes de travail. Les systèmes de travail impliquent des combinaisons de travailleurs et d'équipements, au sein d'un espace et d'un environnement donnés, ainsi que les interactions entre ces composantes au sein d'une organisation de travail. La complexité et les caractéristiques des systèmes de travail sont variables, par exemple l'utilisation de systèmes de travail temporaires. Voici quelques exemples de systèmes de travail dans différents domaines:
- production, par exemple opérateur et machine, travailleur et chaîne de montage;
- transport, par exemple conducteur et voiture ou camion, personnel dans un aéroport;
- assistance, par exemple technicien de maintenance avec son équipement de travail;
- commercial, par exemple employé de bureau avec station de travail, travailleur mobile avec sa tablette, cuisinier dans la cuisine d'un restaurant;
- et d'autres domaines tels que les soins de santé, l'enseignement et la formation.
Le respect des principes ergonomiques s'applique à toutes les phases du cycle de vie du système de travail, de la conception jusqu'à la mise hors service, en passant par le développement, la réalisation et la mise en application, l'utilisation, la maintenance et l'assistance.
L'approche système incluse dans la présente Norme internationale fournit aux utilisateurs de la présente Norme internationale des principes directeurs dans le cadre de situations existantes ou nouvelles.
Les définitions et principes ergonomiques spécifiés dans la présente Norme internationale s'appliquent à la conception de conditions de travail optimales quant à la sécurité, à la santé et au bien-être humain, y compris le développement de compétences existantes et l'acquisition de nouvelles, tout en tenant compte de l'efficience et de l'efficacité technologique et économique.
Les principes de la présente Norme internationale sont applicables à un grand nombre d'autres activités humaines, par exemple dans la conception de produits pour des activités domestiques ou de loisirs. Une description plus générale des principes de la présente Norme internationale est donnée dans l'ISO 26800.
Ergonomska načela za načrtovanje delovnih sistemov (ISO 6385:2016)
Ta mednarodni standard vzpostavlja temeljna načela ergonomije kot osnovne smernice za načrtovanje delovnih sistemov in opredeljuje ustrezne osnovne pojme. Opisuje celosten pristop k načrtovanju delovnih sistemov, kjer ergonomi sodelujejo z drugimi osebami, ki so vključene v načrtovanje proizvoda, pri čemer se med postopkom načrtovanja enakomerno osredotočajo na človeške, družbene in tehnične zahteve.
Med uporabnike tega mednarodnega standarda spadajo vodstveni kadri, direktorji, delavci (in njihovi predstavniki, kadar je to primerno) in strokovnjaki, kot so ergonomi, vodje projektov in
oblikovalci, ki so vključeni v načrtovanje ali preoblikovanje delovnih sistemov. Osebam, ki uporabljajo ta mednarodni standard, lahko koristi splošno znanje o ergonomiji (človeški dejavniki), inženirstvu, oblikovanju, zagotavljanju kakovosti in vodenju projektov.
Izraz „delovni sistem“ se v tem mednarodnem standardu uporablja za številne delovne
situacije, vključno s stalnimi in fleksibilnimi delovnimi mesti. Cilj tega mednarodnega standarda je pomoč pri izboljšanju, (ponovnem) načrtovanju ali spremembi delovnih sistemov. Delovni sistemi vključujejo kombinacije delavcev in opreme v okviru določenega prostora in okolja ter interakcije med temi elementi znotraj delovne organizacije. Delovni sistemi se razlikujejo po kompleksnosti in lastnostih, npr. uporabi začasni delovnih sistemov. Primeri delovnih sistemov na različnih področjih so:
– proizvodnja, npr. upravljavec stroja in stroj, delavec in tekoči trak;
– transport, npr. voznik in avtomobil ali tovornjak, letališko osebje;
– podpora, npr. tehnik za vzdrževanje in delovna oprema;
– poslovanje, npr. pisarniški delavec z delovno postajo, delavec na poti s tabličnim računalnikom, kuhar v
kuhinji restavracije;
– druga področja kot je zdravstvena oskrba, izobraževanje in usposabljanje.
Upoštevanje ergonomskih načel velja za vse faze skozi celoten življenjski cikel delovnega sistema od načrtovanja prek razvoja, realizacije, uvedbe, uporabe, vzdrževanja in podpore do izločitve iz uporabe.
Pristop do sistemov v tem mednarodnem standardu podaja smernice uporabnikom tega standarda v obstoječih in novih situacijah.
Opredelitve in ergonomska načela, ki so navedena v tem mednarodnem standardu, se uporabljajo za zagotavljanje optimalnih delovnih pogojev v povezavi s človekovim dobrim počutjem, varnostjo in zdravjem, vključno z razvojem obstoječih in pridobivanjem novih veščin, pri čemer upoštevajo tehnološko in ekonomsko učinkovitost ter uspešnost.
Načela v tem mednarodnem standardu se uporabljajo za številne druge človeške dejavnosti, npr. pri zasnovi izdelkov za gospodinjske dejavnosti in dejavnosti v prostem času. Splošnejši opis načel, navedenih v tem mednarodnem standardu, je mogoče najti v standardu ISO 26800.
OPOMBA 1: ta mednarodni standard se obravnava kot ključni ergonomski standard za delovne sisteme, iz katerega so izpeljani številni drugi standardi, ki obravnavajo posebna vprašanja.
Opomba 2: ta mednarodni standard ni namenjen uporabi za sisteme, ki se uporabljajo izven delovnega konteksta (npr. uporaba vozila za osebne namene), čeprav so lahko elementi sistema enaki.
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Related Packages
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 6385:2017
01-januar-2017
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN ISO 6385:2004
(UJRQRPVNDQDþHOD]DQDþUWRYDQMHGHORYQLKVLVWHPRY ,62
Ergonomics principles in the design of work systems (ISO 6385:2016)
Grundsätze der Ergonomie für die Gestaltung von Arbeitssystemen (ISO 6385:2016)
Principes ergonomiques de la conception des systèmes de travail (ISO 6385:2016)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 6385:2016
ICS:
13.180 Ergonomija Ergonomics
SIST EN ISO 6385:2017 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN ISO 6385:2017
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SIST EN ISO 6385:2017
EN ISO 6385
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
October 2016
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 13.180 Supersedes EN ISO 6385:2004
English Version
Ergonomics principles in the design of work systems (ISO
6385:2016)
Principes ergonomiques de la conception des systèmes Grundsätze der Ergonomie für die Gestaltung von
de travail (ISO 6385:2016) Arbeitssystemen (ISO 6385:2016)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 16 July 2016.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 6385:2016 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN ISO 6385:2017
EN ISO 6385:2016 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
2
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SIST EN ISO 6385:2017
EN ISO 6385:2016 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN ISO 6385:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159
“Ergonomics” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 122 “Ergonomics” the secretariat of
which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2017, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by April 2017.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 6385:2004.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 6385:2016 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 6385:2016 without any modification.
3
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SIST EN ISO 6385:2017
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SIST EN ISO 6385:2017
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 6385
Third edition
2016-09-15
Ergonomics principles in the design of
work systems
Principes ergonomiques de la conception des systèmes de travail
Reference number
ISO 6385:2016(E)
©
ISO 2016
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SIST EN ISO 6385:2017
ISO 6385:2016(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2016, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
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copyright@iso.org
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 6385:2017
ISO 6385:2016(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Terms and definitions . 2
3 Designing work systems . 4
3.1 General principles . 4
3.2 Work system design process . 5
3.3 Formulation of goals (requirements analysis) . 6
3.4 Analysis and allocation of functions . 6
3.5 Design concept . 7
3.6 Detailed design (or development) . 7
3.6.1 General. 7
3.6.2 Design of work organization. 8
3.6.3 Design of work tasks . . . 8
3.6.4 Design of jobs . 9
3.6.5 Design of work environment . 9
3.6.6 Design of work equipment and interfaces .10
3.6.7 Design of workspace and workstation .10
3.7 Realization, implementation, adjustment, verification and validation .12
4 Evaluation and monitoring .12
4.1 General .12
4.2 Health and well-being .13
4.3 Safety .13
4.4 System performance .13
4.5 Usability .14
4.6 Cost-benefit .14
4.7 Conformance .14
Bibliography .15
© ISO 2016 – All rights reserved iii
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SIST EN ISO 6385:2017
ISO 6385:2016(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information.
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 159, Ergonomics, Subcommittee SC 1, General
ergonomic principles.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 6385:2004), which has been technically
revised with the following changes:
— terms were aligned with the terms given in ISO 26000;
— 3.2, 3.7 and Clause 4 have been technically revised;
— life cycle of a work system was introduced in 3.2;
— principle of adjustment was added to 3.7 and validation replaced by verification;
— new subclause on conformity was added to Clause 4;
— examples were added in several clauses.
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SIST EN ISO 6385:2017
ISO 6385:2016(E)
Introduction
Technological, economic, organizational and human factors affect the work behaviour and well-being of
people as part of a work system. Applying ergonomic knowledge in the light of practical experience in
the design of a work system is intended to satisfy human requirements.
This International Standard provides a basic ergonomic framework for professionals and other people
who deal with the issues of ergonomics, work systems and working situations. The provisions of this
International Standard will also apply to the design of products for use in work systems.
Following the principles and requirements described in this International Standard will support
management in making better decisions, for instance related to the sustainability of investments in
work system innovation.
In the design of work systems in accordance with this International Standard, the body of knowledge
in the field of ergonomics is taken into account. Ergonomic evaluations of existing or new work systems
will show the need for, and encourage attention to, the role of the worker within those systems.
ISO 26800 provides a general starting point for thought on ergonomics and determines the essential
general principles and concepts. This International Standard presents these in the context of the design
and evaluation of work systems.
This International Standard is also valuable in the application of management systems such as
OHSAS 18001. Besides guidelines for processes, it also offers guidance for achieving good human
performance.
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SIST EN ISO 6385:2017
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 6385:2016(E)
Ergonomics principles in the design of work systems
1 Scope
This International Standard establishes the fundamental principles of ergonomics as basic guidelines
for the design of work systems and defines relevant basic terms. It describes an integrated approach
to the design of work systems, where ergonomists will cooperate with others involved in the design,
with attention to the human, the social and the technical requirements in a balanced manner during the
design process.
Users of this International Standard will include executives, managers, workers (and their
representatives, when appropriate) and professionals, such as ergonomists, project managers and
designers who are involved in the design or redesign of work systems. Those who use this International
Standard can find a general knowledge of ergonomics (human factors), engineering, design, quality and
project management helpful.
The term “work system” in this International Standard is used to indicate a large variety of working
situations, including permanent and flexible work places. The intention of this International Standard is
to assist in the improvement, (re)design or change of work systems. Work systems involve combinations
of workers and equipment, within a given space and environment, and the interactions between these
components within a work organization. Work systems vary in complexity and characteristics, for
example, the use of temporary work systems. Some examples of work systems in different areas are the
following:
— production, e.g. machine operator and machine, worker and assembly line;
— transportation, e.g. driver and car or lorry, personnel in an airport;
— support, e.g. maintenance technician with work equipment;
— commercial, e.g. office worker with workstation, mobile worker with a tablet computer, cook in a
restaurant kitchen;
— other areas like health care, teaching and training.
The observance of ergonomic principles applies to all phases throughout the life cycle of the work system
from conception through development, realization and implementation, utilization, maintenance and
support to decommissioning.
The systems approach in this International Standard gives guidance to the users of this International
Standard in existing and new situations.
The definitions and ergonomic principles specified in this International Standard apply to the design
of optimal working conditions with regard to human well-being, safety and health, including the
development of existing skills and the acquisition of new ones, while taking into account technological
and economic effectiveness and efficiency.
The principles in this International Standard are applicable to many other human activities, e.g. in the
design of products for domestic and leisure activities. A more general description of the principles in
this International Standard can be found in ISO 26800.
NOTE 1 This International Standard is considered to be the core ergonomic standard for work systems from
which many others on specific issues are derived.
Note 2 Although elements of the system can be the same, this International Standard is not intended to be
applied to systems used in a non-work context (e.g. the use of a vehicle for private purposes).
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SIST EN ISO 6385:2017
ISO 6385:2016(E)
2 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
2.1
well-being
sustainable internal state resulting from satisfaction of the physical and cognitive
needs of the worker (2.4) during his/her activity
Note 1 to entry: Well-being can contribute to the quality of working life.
2.2
work system
system comprising one or more workers (2.4) and work equipment (2.6) acting together to perform
the system function (2.21), in the workspace (2.9), in the work environment (2.8), under the conditions
imposed by the work tasks (2.17)
2.3
ergonomics
human factors
scientific discipline concerned with the understanding of interactions among human and other elements
of a system, and the profession that applies theory, principles, data and methods to design in order to
optimize human well-being (2.1) and overall system performance
[SOURCE: ISO 26800:2011, 2.2]
2.4
worker
person performing one or more activities to achieve a goal within a work system (2.2)
[SOURCE: ISO 26800:2011, 2.11, modified — synonym “operator” omitted]
2.5
work organization
interacting work systems (2.2) acting to produce a specific overall outcome
Note 1 to entry: The process of work organization includes coherent actions in relation to establishing the
form and mode of organization to be adopted (e.g. individual or collective work, teams working separately
or interdependently, etc.). It is also necessary to define and allocate resources and determine the means and
channels of communication. All these actions lead to the definition and assignment of prescribed tasks to the
operators involved.
2.6
work equipment
tools, including hardware and software, machines, vehicles, devices, furniture, installations and other
components used in the work system (2.2)
2.7
work process
sequence in time and space of the interaction of workers (2.4), work equipment (2.6), materials, energy
and information within a work system (2.2)
2.8
work environment
physical, chemical, biological, organizational, social and cultural factors surrounding a worker (2.4)
2.9
workspace
volume allocated to one or more persons in the work system (2.2) to complete the work task (2.17)
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2.10
external work load
work stress
external conditions and demands in a work system (2.2) which influence a person’s physical and/or
mental internal load
Note 1 to entry: In some countries, “external work load” is referred to as “work stress”.
Note 2 to entry: Compare ISO 26800:2011, 2.4.
2.11
work strain
internal response of a worker (2.4) to being exposed to external work load (2.10) depending on his/her
individual characteristics (e.g. body size, age, capacities, abilities, skills, etc.)
Note 1 to entry: In ISO 26800, “work strain” is called “internal load”.
Note 2 to entry: Compare ISO 26800:2011, 2.6.
2.12
usability
extent to which a system, product or service can be used by specified users to achieve specified goals
with effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction in a specified context of use
Note 1 to entry: Systems, products or services are part of work systems (2.2) and used by workers (2.4) within
those systems.
Note 2 to entry: In this International Standard, the context of use is within a work system.
[SOURCE: ISO 9241-210:2010, 2.13]
2.13
human-centred design
approach to systems design and development that aims to make interactive systems more usable by
focusing on the use of the system and applying human factors/ergonomics (2.3) and usability (2.12)
knowledge and techniques
[SOURCE: ISO 9241-210:2010, 2.7, modified — Notes 1 and 2 to entry omitted]
2.14
accessibility
extent to which products, systems, services, environments and facilities can be used by people from
a population with the widest range of characteristics and capabilities to achieve a specified goal in a
specified context of use
[SOURCE: ISO 26800:2011, 2.1, modified — Notes 1 and 2 to entry omitted]
Note 1 to entry: Products, systems, services and facilities are part of work systems (2.2) and used by workers (2.4)
within those systems.
Note 2 to entry: In this International Standard, the context of use is within a work system.
2.15
allocation of functions
process of deciding whether system functions (2.21) will be implemented by humans, by equipment
and/or hardware and/or software
2.16
job
organization and sequence in time and space of an individual’s work tasks (2.17) or the combination of
all human performance by one worker (2.4) within a work system (2.2)
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2.17
work task
activity or set of activities required of the worker (2.4) to achieve an intended outcome
2.18
workstation
combination and spatial arrangement of work equipment (2.6), surrounded by the work environment
(2.8) under the conditions imposed by the work tasks (2.17)
2.19
work fatigue
impairing non-pathological manifestation of work strain (2.11), completely reversible with rest
Note 1 to entry: Work fatigue can be mental, physical, local and/or general.
Note 2 to entry: Compare ISO 26800:2011, 2.5.
2.20
target population
people for whom the design is intended, specified according to the relevant characteristics
Note 1 to entry: Relevant characteristics include, for example, the skill level, intelligence or physical
characteristics, such as anthropometric dimensions, of these people. Gender and age can be related to variations
in these characteristics. In addition to these intrinsic characteristics, extrinsic factors (e.g. cultural differences)
could also be relevant.
[SOURCE: ISO 26800:2011, 2.8]
2.21
system function
broad category of activity performed by a system
3 Designing work systems
3.1 General principles
Work system design considers human beings as the main factor and an integral part of the system to be
designed, including the work process, as well as the work environment.
In the design process of work systems, the major interactions between one or more people and the
components of the work system, such as tasks, equipment, workspace and environment, shall be
considered.
These interactions create demands on the worker that together constitute the external work load. This
will result in reactions within the worker, depending on her/his individual characteristics (e.g. size,
age, capacities, abilities, skills, etc.) called work strain. Work strain will result in impairing effects (e.g.
fatigue generated by work), or facilitating effects (e.g. skill development), thus affecting the individual
characteristics of the worker in a feedback loop.
Ergonomic work system design aims at optimizing work strain, avoiding impairing effects and
promoting facilitating effects. Unimpaired human performance at the same time will often improve
system effectiveness and efficiency, thus contributing to another important goal of ergonomic work
system design.
Ergonomics shall be used in a preventive function by being employed from the beginning rather than
being used to solve problems after the design of the work system is complete. However, ergonomics can
be successfully employed in the redesign of an existing, unsatisfactory work system. Furthermore, in
a risk assessment process, the interaction between work system design and the worker’s foreseeable
behaviour should be considered in order to secure their safety and health.
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The most important decisions that have consequences in the design are made at the beginning of
the design process. Therefore, particular attention should be paid to the application of ergonomics
principles at this stage. Ergonomic contribution to the work system design shall continue throughout
the design process. However, the level of input can vary from being fundamental and extensive during
the analysis of the system needs (“formulation of goals”) to fine-tuning when the completed system is
being implemented (“realization, implementation and verification”). Sufficient attention shall continue
to be given to the application of ergonomic principles until late in the design process in order to prevent
negative effects such as delays in projects, extra costs for adaptation, a lower design quality, and
reduced usability.
In accordance with a human-centred approach, workers should ideally be involved in and should
participate in the design of work systems during the process in an effective and efficient manner.
Workers include those responsible for constructing, maintaining, operating, and supervising, each of
which requires different considerations. In work system design, a participatory approach is essential
in order to avoid sub-optimal solutions, because the experience of workers provides an indispensable
knowledge base. The design process shall therefore, wherever possible, involve workers in all stages.
NOTE 1 Detailed information about the human-centred approach can be found in ISO 9241-210.
It is recommended that a work system be designed for a broad range of the target population (see
ISO 26800:2011, 4.2.2). In particular, the designer should consider the needs of people with special
requirements and apply ergonomic principles to ensure that work systems are accessible to them. Thus,
the need for the development of special solutions for individual workers can be minimized and the
accessibility of the work system improved.
NOTE 2 Special requirements include limitations to sensory abilities such as vision, tactile and acoustic input,
and physical abilities such as dexterity, manipulation, movement, voice, strength and endurance, cognitive
abilities such as intellect, memory, language and literacy. For further guidance, see ISO/IEC Guide 71 and
ISO/TR 22411.
In ergonomics, the variation within the target population is commonly accounted for by using the 5th
and/or 95th percentiles of important design characteristics, with the intention of accommodating at
least 90 % of the target population.
NOTE 3 In some circumstances, a different percentile range is used. For example, the 1st and 99th percentiles
are used for many safety-related applications.
In designing the work system, a variety of conditions should be considered, e.g. normal, disturbed and
degraded functioning.
The work system design process (3.2) can be divided into the following phases:
— formulation of goals (requirements analysis) (3.3);
— analysis and allocation of functions (3.4);
— design concept (3.5);
— detailed design (or development) (3.6);
— realization, implementation, adjustment, verification and validation (3.7);
— evaluation and monitoring (Clause 4).
These phases will be explained in the relevant clauses or subclauses.
3.2
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN ISO 6385:2014
01-november-2014
(UJRQRPVNDQDþHOD]DQDþUWRYDQMHGHORYQLKVLVWHPRY ,62',6
Ergonomic principles in the design of work systems (ISO/DIS 6385:2014)
Grundsätze der Ergonomie für die Gestaltung von Arbeitssystemen (ISO/DIS 6385:2014)
Principes ergonomiques de la conception des systèmes de travail (ISO/DIS 6385:2014)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 6385
ICS:
13.180 Ergonomija Ergonomics
21.020 =QDþLOQRVWLLQQDþUWRYDQMH Characteristics and design of
VWURMHYDSDUDWRYRSUHPH machines, apparatus,
equipment
oSIST prEN ISO 6385:2014 en,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN ISO 6385:2014
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oSIST prEN ISO 6385:2014
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 6385
ISO/TC 159/SC 1 Secretariat: DIN
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2014-08-14 2015-01-14
Ergonomic principles in the design of work systems
Principes ergonomiques de la conception des systèmes de travail
ICS: 13.180
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
This draft has been developed within the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO), and processed under the ISO lead mode of collaboration
as defined in the Vienna Agreement.
This draft is hereby submitted to the ISO member bodies and to the CEN member
bodies for a parallel five month enquiry.
Should this draft be accepted, a final draft, established on the basis of comments
received, will be submitted to a parallel two-month approval vote in ISO and
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
formal vote in CEN.
FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS
THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY
NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
To expedite distribution, this document is circulated as received from the
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
committee secretariat. ISO Central Secretariat work of editing and text
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
composition will be undertaken at publication stage.
TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND
USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL
STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR
POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
Reference number
NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO/DIS 6385:2014(E)
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO
©
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. ISO 2014
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Copyright notice
This ISO document is a Draft International Standard and is copyright-protected by ISO. Except as
permitted under the applicable laws of the user’s country, neither this ISO draft nor any extract
from it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means,
electronic, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission being secured.
Requests for permission to reproduce should be addressed to either ISO at the address below or ISO’s
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Reproduction may be subject to royalty payments or a licensing agreement.
Violators may be prosecuted.
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30 Contents Page
31 Foreword . iv
32 Introduction . v
33 1 Scope . 1
34 2 Terms and definitions . 2
35 3 Designing work systems . 4
36 3.1 General principles . 4
37 3.2 Work system design process . 5
38 3.3 Formulation of goals (requirements analysis) . 6
39 3.4 Analysis and allocation of functions . 6
40 3.5 Design concept . 7
41 3.6 Detailed design (or development) . 7
42 3.6.1 General . 7
43 3.6.2 Design of work organization . 7
44 3.6.3 Design of work tasks . 8
45 3.6.4 Design of jobs . 8
46 3.6.5 Design of work environment . 9
47 3.6.6 Design of work equipment and interfaces . 10
48 3.6.7 Design of workspace and workstation . 10
49 3.7 Realization, implementation, adjustment, verification and validation . 11
50 4 Evaluation and monitoring . 12
51 4.1 General . 12
52 4.2 Health and well-being . 13
53 4.3 Safety . 13
54 4.4 System performance . 13
55 4.5 Usability . 14
56 4.6 Cost-benefit . 14
57 4.7 Conformity . 14
58 Bibliography . 15
59
60
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61 Foreword
62 ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
63 (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
64 technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
65 established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
66 non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
67 International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
68 International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
69 The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
70 adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
71 International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
72 Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
73 rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
74 ISO 6385 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159, Ergonomics, Subcommittee SC 1, and by
75 Technical Committee CEN/TC 122, Ergonomics in collaboration.
76 This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (EN ISO 6385:2004), which has been technically
77 revised. The terms were aligned with the terms given in ISO 26000. The definition of the term worker was
78 deleted. Furthermore clauses 3.2, 3.7 and 4 have been technically revised. The life cycle of a work system
79 was introduced in 3.2. The principle of adjustment was added to 3.7 and validation replaced by verification. A
80 new clause on conformity was added to clause 4. Examples were added in several clauses of this edition of
81 ISO 6385.
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82 Introduction
83 Technological, economic, organizational and human factors affect the work behaviour and well-being of
84 people as part of a work system. Applying ergonomic knowledge in the light of practical experience in the
85 design of a work system is intended to satisfy human requirements.
86 This International Standard provides a basic ergonomic framework for professionals and other people who
87 deal with the issues of ergonomics, work systems and working situations. The provisions of this International
88 Standard will also apply to the design of products for use in work systems.
89 Following the principles and requirements described in this International Standard will support management in
90 making better decisions, for instance related to the sustainability of investments in work system innovation.
91 In the design of work systems in accordance with this International Standard, the body of knowledge in the
92 field of ergonomics is taken into account. Ergonomic evaluations of existing or new work systems will show
93 the need for, and encourage attention to, the role of the worker within those systems.
94 ISO 26800 provides a general starting point for thought on ergonomics and determines the essential general
95 principles and concepts. This International Standard (ISO 6385) presents these in the context of the design
96 and evaluation of work systems.
97 This International Standard is also valuable in the application of management systems such as
98 OHSAS 18001. Besides guidelines for processes it also offers guidance for achieving good human
99 performance.
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100 Ergonomic principles in the design of work systems —
101 1 Scope
102 This International Standard establishes the fundamental principles of ergonomics as basic guidelines for the
103 design of work systems and defines relevant basic terms. It describes an integrated approach to the design of
104 work systems, where ergonomists will cooperate with others involved in the design, with attention to the
105 human, the social and the technical requirements in a balanced manner during the design process.
106 Users of this International Standard will include executives, managers, workers (or their representatives), and
107 professionals such as ergonomists, project managers and designers who are involved in the design or
108 redesign of work systems. Those who use this International Standard may find a general knowledge of
109 ergonomics (human factors), engineering, design, quality and project management helpful.
110 The term “work system” in this International Standard is used to indicate a large variety of working situations
111 including permanent and flexible work places. The intention of this International Standard is to assist in the
112 improvement, (re)design or change of work systems. Work systems involve combinations of workers and
113 equipment, within a given space and environment, and the interactions between these components within a
114 work organization. Work systems vary in complexity and characteristics, for example the use of temporary
115 work systems. Some examples of work systems in different areas are:
116 ⎯ production, e.g. machine operator and machine, worker and assembly line;
117 ⎯ transportation, e.g. driver and car or lorry, personnel in an airport;
118 ⎯ support, e.g. maintenance technician with work equipment;
119 ⎯ commercial, e.g. office worker with work station, mobile worker with a tablet computer, cook in a
120 restaurant kitchen;
121 ⎯ and other areas like health care, teaching and training.
122 The observance of ergonomic principles applies to all phases throughout the life cycle of the work system
123 from conception through development, realization and implementation, utilization, maintenance and support to
124 decommissioning.
125 The systems approach in this International Standard gives guidance to the users of this standard in existing
126 and new situations.
127 The definitions and ergonomic principles specified in this International Standard apply to the design of optimal
128 working conditions with regard to human well-being, safety and health, including the development of existing
129 skills and the acquisition of new ones, whilst taking into account technological and economic effectiveness
130 and efficiency.
131 The principles in this International Standard are applicable to many other human activities, e.g. in the design
132 of products for domestic and leisure activities. A more general description of the principles in this standard can
133 be found in ISO 26800.
134 NOTE This International Standard is considered to be the core ergonomic standard for work systems from which
135 many others on specific issues are derived.
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136 2 Terms and definitions
137 For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
138 2.1
139 well-being
140 internal state perceived by the worker while working by enhancing comfort and satisfaction
141 and reducing work fatigue and other adverse reactions
142 Note 1 to entry: Well-being can contribute to the quality of working life.
143 Note 2 to entry: This definition is based on EN 614-1:2006+A1:2009, definition 3.6.
144 2.2
145 work system
146 system comprising one or more workers and work equipment acting together to perform the system function,
147 in the workspace, in the work environment, under the conditions imposed by the work tasks
148 2.3
149 ergonomics
150 human factors
151 scientific discipline concerned with the understanding of interactions among human and other elements of a
152 system, and the profession that applies theory, principles, data and methods to design in order to optimize
153 human well-being and overall system performance
154 [SOURCE: ISO 26800:2011, definition 2.2]
155 2.4
156 worker
157 person performing one or more activities to achieve a goal within a work system
158 [SOURCE: ISO 26800:2011, definition 2.11, modified – synonym "operator" omitted]
159 2.5
160 work organization
161 sequence and interaction of work systems fitted together to produce a specific result
162 2.6
163 work equipment
164 tools, including hardware and software, machines, vehicles, devices, furniture, installations and other
165 components used in the work system
166 2.7
167 work process
168 sequence in time and space of the interaction of workers, work equipment, materials, energy and information
169 within a work system
170 2.8
171 work environment
172 physical, chemical, biological, organizational, social and cultural factors surrounding a worker
173 2.9
174 workspace
175 volume allocated to one or more persons in the work system to complete the work task
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176 2.10
177 external work load
178 work stress
179 external conditions and demands in a work system which influence a person's physical and/or mental internal
180 load
181 Note 1 to entry: In some countries “external work load” is referred to as “work stress”.
182 Note 2 to entry: Compare ISO 26800:2011, definition 2.4.
183 2.11
184 work strain
185 internal response of a worker to being exposed to external work load depending on his/her individual
186 characteristics (e.g. body size, age, capacities, abilities, skills, etc.)
187 Note 1 to entry: In ISO 26800:2011, “work strain” is called “internal load”.
188 Note 2 to entry: Compare ISO 26800:2011, definition 2.6.
189 2.12
190 usability
191 extent to which a system, product or service can be used by specified users to achieve specified goals with
192 effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction in a specified context of use
193 [SOURCE: ISO 9241-210:2009, definition 2.13]
194 Note 1 to entry: Systems, products or services are part of work systems and used by workers within those systems.
195 Note 2 to entry: In this standard the context of use is within a work system.
196 2.13
197 human-centred design
198 approach to systems design and development that aims to make interactive systems more usable by focusing
199 on the use of the system and applying human factors/ergonomics and usability knowledge and techniques
200 [SOURCE: ISO 9241-210:2009, definition 2.7, modified – Notes 1 and 2 to entry omitted]
201 2.14
202 accessibility
203 extent to which products, systems, services, environments and facilities can be used by people from a
204 population with the widest range of characteristics and capabilities to achieve a specified goal in a specified
205 context of use
206 [SOURCE: ISO 26800:2011, definition 2.1, modified – Notes 1 and 2 to entry omitted]
207 Note 1 to entry: Products, systems, services and facilities are part of work systems and used by workers within those
208 systems.
209 Note 2 to entry: In this standard the context of use is within a work system.
210 2.15
211 allocation of functions
212 process of deciding whether system functions will be implemented, by humans, by equipment and/or
213 hardware and/or software
214 2.16
215 job
216 organization and sequence in time and space of an individual's work tasks or the combination of all human
217 performance by one worker within a work system
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218 2.17
219 work task
220 activity or set of activities required of the worker to achieve an intended outcome
221 2.18
222 workstation
223 combination and spatial arrangement of work equipment, surrounded by the work environment under the
224 conditions imposed by the work tasks
225 2.19
226 work fatigue
227 impairing non-pathological manifestation of work strain, completely reversible with rest
228 Note 1 to entry: Work fatigue can be mental, physical, local and/or general.
229 Note 2 to entry: Compare ISO 26800:2011, definition 2.5.
230 2.20
231 design population
232 designated group of workers delimited as a percentile range of the general population, defined according to
233 relevant characteristics, e.g. gender, age, skill level, etc.
234 2.21
235 system function
236 broad category of activity performed by a system
237 3 Designing work systems
238 3.1 General principles
239 Work system design considers human beings as the main factor and an integral part of the system to be
240 designed, including the work process as well as the work environment.
241 In the design process of work systems, the major interactions between one or more people and the
242 components of the work system, such as tasks, equipment, workspace and environment, need to be
243 considered.
244 These interactions create demands on the worker that together constitute the external work load. This will
245 result in reactions within the worker, depending on her/his individual characteristics (e.g. size, age, capacities,
246 abilities, skills, etc.) called work strain. Work strain will result in impairing effects (e.g. fatigue generated by
247 work), or facilitating effects (e.g. skill development), thus affecting the individual characteristics of the worker
248 in a feedback loop.
249 Ergonomic work system design aims at optimizing work strain, avoiding impairing effects and promoting
250 facilitating effects. Unimpaired human performance at the same time will often improve system effectiveness
251 and efficiency, thus contributing to another important goal of ergonomic work system design.
252 Ergonomics shall be used in a preventive function by being employed from the beginning rather than being
253 used to solve problems after the design of the work system is complete. However, ergonomics can be
254 successfully employed in the redesign of an existing, unsatisfactory work system. Furthermore, in a risk
255 assessment process the interaction between work system design and the worker's foreseeable behaviour
256 should be considered in order to secure their safety and health.
257 The most important decisions that have consequences in the design are made at the beginning of the design
258 process. Therefore, particular attention should be paid to the application of ergonomics principles at this
259 stage. Ergonomic contribution to the work system design shall continue throughout the design process.
260 However, the level of input can vary from being fundamental and extensive during the analysis of the system
261 needs (“formulation of goals”) to fine-tuning when the completed system is being implemented (“realization,
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262 implementation and verification”). Sufficient attention needs to be given to the application of ergonomic
263 principles until late in the design process in order to prevent negative effects such as: delays in projects; extra
264 costs for adaptation; a lower design quality; and reduced usability.
265 In accordance with a human-centred approach workers should ideally be involved in and should participate in
266 the design of work systems during the process in an effective and efficient manner. Workers include those
267 responsible for constructing, maintaining, operating, and supervising, each of which requires different
268 considerations. In work system design, a participatory approach is essential in order to avoid sub-optimal
269 solutions, because the experience of workers provides an indispensable knowledge base. The design process
270 should therefore, wherever possible, involve workers in all stages.
271 NOTE 1 Detailed information about the human-centred approach can be found in ISO 9241-210.
272 It is recommended that a work system be designed for a broad range of the target population (see
273 ISO 26800:2011, 4.2.2). In particular, the designer should consider the needs of people with special
274 requirements and apply ergonomic principles to ensure that work systems are accessible to them. Thus the
275 need for the development of special solutions for individual workers can be minimized and the accessibility of
276 the work system improved.
277 NOTE 2 Special requirements include limitations to sensory abilities such as vision, tactile and acoustic input, physical
278 abilities such as dexterity, manipulation, movement, voice, strength and endurance, cognitive abilities such as intellect,
279 memory, language and literacy. For further guidance see ISO/IEC Guide 71 and ISO/TR 22411.
280 In ergonomics, the variation within the target population is commonly accounted for by using the 5th and/or
281 95th percentiles of important design characteristics, with the intention of accommodating at least 90 % of the
282 target population.
283 NOTE 3 In some circumstances, a different percentile range is used. For example, the 1st and 99th percentiles are
284 used for many safety-related applications.
285 In designing the work system, a variety of conditions should be considered, e.g. normal, disturbed and
286 degraded functioning.
287 The work system design process (3.2) can be divided into the following phases:
288 ⎯ formulation of goals (requirements analysis) (3.3);
289 ⎯ analysis and allocation of functions (3.4);
290 ⎯ design concept (3.5);
291 ⎯ detailed design (or development) (3.6);
292 ⎯ realization, implementation, adjustment, verification and validation (3.7);
293 ⎯ evaluation and monitoring (Clause 4).
294 These phases will be explained in the relevant clauses or subclauses.
295 3.2 Work system design process
296 “Designing” refers to an iterative and structured process of a number of design phases, which results in a new
297 design or a redesign. The work system design process should include all phases throughout the life cycle of
298 the work system from conception through development, realisation and implementation, utilisation,
299 maintenance and support to decommissioning. Verification should be performed in each of these phases to
300 confirm that the specified requirements are being fulfilled. A multidisciplinary design team best accomplishes
301 this process. Activities involved in the phases of the design process are analysis, synthesis, simulation and
302 evaluation.
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303 NOTE 1 A multidisciplinary design team can include engineers, operators, ergonomists, occupational health and safety
304 specialists, management, financial services and purchasers.
305 Each of the many variables is likely to influence others. Decisions concerning, for instance, the allocation of
306 different functions to people or equipment; the design of any interface; and the training requirements, all
307 interact to an extent which will make it necessary for the system designer to evaluate alternatives before
308 reaching the final decision.
309 This process of evaluating suitable alternatives is likely to be iterative until sufficient information is gathered for
310 each area. The marshalling and final consideration of the information is then conducted in the following stages
311 of the design process. It is important to ensure that appropriate methods and techniques are applied in the
312 realization of a new work system design.
313 NOTE 2 ISO 26800 lists the basic requirements for ergonomics-oriented design.
314 NOTE 3 See ISO/TR 16982 on usability methods supporting human-centred design.
315 NOTE 4 A work system can change or evolve over time and is not necessarily static and unchanging.
316 3.3 Formulation of goals (requirements analysis)
317 In the case of a new design, the analysis of system requirements will involve the acquisition of information
318 regarding the production or performance requirements of the work process, together with the characteristics
319 and limitations of the people who will be working in the new system and the environment in which they will
320 work. Where equivalent or similar systems already exist, this will also entail the identification of information
321 regarding ergonomics issues and problems occurring with these existing work systems, either from existing
322 sources or from studies conducted for the purpose. Appropriate ergonomic methods and techniques for this
323 purpose imply the use of evaluation tools for working conditions, observations on the spot, interviews, etc.
324 After gathering and analysing this information, a program of demands, requirements and specifications shall
325 be created, which includes work system specifications relating to the performance, safety, health and
326 well-being of the workers as well as the technical performance requirements for the new system.
327 EXAMPLE One design goal of a dedicated voice recognition system to be designed is to allow surgeons to verbally
328 dictate a report about an operation they have just carried out, with a voice recognition accuracy greater than 98 %.
329 Each aspect, element and component (see 3.6) of the work system, which can influence the human or system
330 perform
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