SIST EN 14961-4:2011
(Main)Solid biofuels - Fuel specifications and classes - Part 4: Wood chips for non-industrial use
Solid biofuels - Fuel specifications and classes - Part 4: Wood chips for non-industrial use
This European Standard determines the fuel quality classes and specifications for non- industrial wood chips. This European Standard covers only wood chips produced from the following raw material (see EN 14961-1, table 1):
- 1.1 Forest, plantation and other virgin wood
- 1.2 By-products and residues from wood processing industry
- 1.3 Used wood
NOTE: For the avoidance of doubt, demolition wood is not included in the scope of this European Standard. Demolition wood is "used wood arising from demolition of buildings or civil engineering installations" (EN 14588).
Feste Biobrennstoffe - Brennstoffspezifikationen und - klassen - Teil 4: Holzhackschnitzel für nichtindustrielle Verwendung
Diese Europäische Norm legt die qualitätsbezogenen Brennstoffklassen und spezifikationen für Holzhack-schnitzel für nichtindustrielle Verwendung fest. Die vorliegende Europäische Norm umfasst nur Holzhack-schnitzel, die aus folgenden Rohmaterialien hergestellt wurden (siehe EN 14961 1:2010, Tabelle 1):
- 1.1 Wald und Plantagenholz sowie anderes erntefrisches Holz;
- 1.2 Industrie Restholz;
- 1.3 Gebrauchtholz.
ANMERKUNG Um keine Zweifel aufkommen zu lassen, wurde Abbruchholz nicht in den Anwendungsbereich dieser Europäischen Norm aufgenommen. Abbruchholz ist „Gebrauchtholz, das aus dem Abriss von Gebäuden oder sonstigen Bauwerken stammt“ (EN 14588:2010, 4.52).
Biocombustibles solides - Classes et spécifications des combustibles - Partie 4: Plaquettes de bois à usage non industriel
La présente Norme européenne détermine les classes et spécifications de qualité de combustible pour des plaquettes de bois à usage non industriel. La présente Norme européenne couvre uniquement les plaquettes de bois produites à partir des matières premières suivantes (voir EN 14961-1:2010, Tableau 1) :
- 1.1 Bois de forêt, de plantation et autres bois vierges,
- 1.2 Produits dérivés et sous-produits de l'industrie de transformation du bois,
- 1.3 Bois usagé.
NOTE 1 Afin d'ôter tout doute, le bois de démolition est exclu du domaine d'application de la présente Norme européenne. Le bois de démolition est défini comme un « bois usagé provenant de la démolition de bâtiments ou d'installations de génie civil » (EN 14588:2010, 4.52).
Trdna biogoriva - Specifikacije goriv in razredi - 4. del: Lesni sekanci za neindustrijsko uporabo
Ta evropski standard določa razrede kakovosti goriv in specifikacije za neindustrijske lesne sekance. Ta evropski standard zajema samo lesne sekance, izdelane iz naslednjih surovin (glej EN 14961-1, preglednica 1):
- 1.1 Gozdni les, les iz nasadov in druge vrste primarni les
- 1.2 Stranski proizvodi in ostanki lesnopredelovalne industrije
- 1.3 Uporabljen les
OPOMBA: Da bi se izognili dvomom, odpadni gradbeni les ni vključen v obseg uporabe tega evropskega standarda. Odpadni gradbeni les je »les, ki nastane pri rušenju stavb ali inštalacij nizkih gradenj« (EN 14588).
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Trdna biogoriva - Specifikacije goriv in razredi - 4. del: Lesni sekanci za neindustrijsko uporaboFeste Biobrennstoffe - Brennstoffspezifikationen und - klassen - Teil 4: Holzhackschnitzel für nichtindustrielle VerwendungBiocombustibles solides - Classes et spécifications des combustibles - Partie 4: Plaquettes de bois à usage non industrielSolid biofuels - Fuel specifications and classes - Part 4: Wood chips for non-industrial use75.160.10Trda gorivaSolid fuelsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 14961-4:2011SIST EN 14961-4:2011en,fr,de01-september-2011SIST EN 14961-4:2011SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST-TS CEN/TS 14961:20051DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 14961-4:2011
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 14961-4
June 2011 ICS 75.160.10 English Version
Solid biofuels - Fuel specifications and classes - Part 4: Wood chips for non-industrial use
Biocombustibles solides - Classes et spécifications des combustibles - Partie 4: Plaquettes de bois à usage non industriel
Feste Biobrennstoffe - Brennstoffspezifikationen und -klassen - Teil 4: Holzhackschnitzel für nichtindustrielle Verwendung This European Standard was approved by CEN on 18 January 2011.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 14961-4:2011: ESIST EN 14961-4:2011
EN 14961-4:2011 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword .3Introduction .41 Scope .52 Normative references .53 Terms and definitions .54 Symbols and abbreviations .65 Specification of wood chips for non-industrial use .6Annex A (informative)
General guidelines for bulk density of wood chips for non-industrial use . 10Annex B (informative)
A–deviations . 11Bibliography . 13 SIST EN 14961-4:2011
EN 14961-4:2011 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 14961-4:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 335 “Solid biofuels”, the secretariat of which is held by SIS. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2011, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2011. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. The European standard series EN 14961 Solid biofuels Fuel specifications and classes are provided as general requirements and additional product standards. Additional product standards may extend this series over time. EN 14961 consists of the following parts, under the title Solid biofuels Fuel specifications and classes: Part 1: General requirements; Part 2: Wood pellets for non-industrial use; Part 3: Wood briquettes for non-industrial use; Part 4: Wood chips for non-industrial use; Part 5: Firewood for non-industrial use; Part 6: Non woody pellets for non-industrial use (under development). Although these product standards may be obtained separately, they require a general understanding of the standards based on and supporting EN 14961-1. It is recommended to obtain and use EN 14961-1 in conjunction with these standards.
NOTE In these product standards, non-industrial use means fuel intended to be used in smaller appliances, such as in households and small commercial and public sector buildings. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. SIST EN 14961-4:2011
EN 14961-4:2011 (E) 4 Introduction This European Standard for "Fuel Specifications and Classes Part 4: Wood chips for non-industrial use" has been produced by CEN/TC 335 Solid Biofuels Working group "Fuel Specifications, Classes and Quality Assurance". The objective of this European Standard is to provide unambiguous and clear classification principles for solid biofuels, to serve as a tool to enable efficient trading of biofuels and to enable good understanding between seller and buyer as well as a tool for communication with equipment manufacturers. It will also facilitate authority permission procedures and reporting. This European Standard is made to support the use of wood chips in non-industrial situations and specifically for the domestic/householder markets and smaller commercial boiler situations, where sensitivity to the fuel quality can cause major issues. These consumers need special consideration for the following reasons:
• small-scale equipment does not usually have advanced controls and flue gas cleaning; • it is not generally managed by professional heating engineers; • they are often located in living and populated districts. NOTE Wood chips produced according to this European Standard can be used in boilers tested according to
EN 303-5 (< 500 kWth). SIST EN 14961-4:2011
EN 14961-4:2011 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard determines the fuel quality classes and specifications for non-industrial wood chips. This European Standard covers only wood chip produced from the following raw materials (see
EN 14961-1:2010, Table 1): • 1.1 Forest, plantation and other virgin wood; • 1.2 By-products and residues from wood processing industry; • 1.3 Used wood. NOTE For the avoidance of doubt, demolition wood is not included in the scope of this European Standard.
Demolition wood is “used wood arising from demolition of buildings or civil engineering installations” (EN 14588:2010, 4.52). 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this standard. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 14588:2010, Solid biofuels Terminology, definitions and descriptions EN 14774-1, Solid biofuels Determination of moisture content Oven dry method Part 1: Total moisture Reference method EN 14774-2, Solid biofuels Determination of moisture content Oven dry method Part 2: Total moisture Simplified method EN 14775, Solid biofuels Determination of ash content EN 14918, Solid biofuels Determination of calorific value EN 14961-1:2010, Solid biofuels Fuel specifications and classes Part 1: General requirements EN 15103, Solid biofuels Determination of bulk density EN 15104, Solid biofuels Determination of total content of carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen Instrumental methods EN 15149-1, Solid biofuels Determination of particle size distribution Part 1: Oscillating screen method using sieve apertures of 1 mm and above prEN 15234-4, Solid biofuels Fuel quality assurance Part 4. Wood chips for non-industrial use EN 15289, Solid biofuels Determination of total content of sulphur and chlorine EN 15297, Solid biofuels Solid biofuels - Determination of minor elements - As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, V and Zn 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 14588:2010 and the following apply. SIST EN 14961-4:2011
EN 14961-4:2011 (E) 6 3.1 wood chips chipped woody biomass in the form of pieces with a defined particle size produced by mechanical treatment with sharp tools such as knives NOTE Wood chips have a subrectangular shape with a typical length of 5 mm to 50 mm and a low thickness compared to other dimensions. 3.2 chemical treatment any treatment with chemicals other than air, water or heat NOTE Examples of chemical treatment are listed in informative Annex C of EN 14961-1:2010. 3.3 contamination make impure by exposure to or addition of a poisonous or polluting substance to a fuel 4 Symbols and abbreviations The symbols and abbreviations used in this European Standard comply with the SI system of units as far as possible. d
dry (dry basis) ar as received w-% weight-percentage A
designation for ash content Ad [w-%, dry basis] 1) BD
designation for bulk density as received [kg/m3] 1) P designation for particle size distribution
1) M designation for moisture content as received on wet basis, Mar [w-%] 1) Q designation for net calorific value as received, qp,net,ar [MJ/kg or kWh/kg or MWh/t] at constant
pressure 1) NOTE 1 MJ/kg equals 0,277 8 kWh/kg (1 kWh/kg equals 1 MWh/t and 1 MWh/t is 3,6 MJ/kg). 1 g/cm3 equals 1 kg/dm3. 5 Specification of wood chips for non-industrial use
Specification of the wood chips is stated in accordance with Table 1 and Table 2. The sampling and analysis of the properties shall be carried out in accordance with the methods mentioned in the normative references. Property classes A1 and A2 represent virgin woods and chemically untreated wood residues. A1 represents fuels with lower ash content indicating no or little bark, and lower moisture content, while class A2 has slightly higher ash content and/or moisture content. B1 extended the origin and source of class A to include other material, such as, short rotation coppice, wood from gardens and plantation, etc. and chemically untreated
1) Designation symbols are used in combination with a number to specify property levels in Table1. For designation of chemical properties chemical symbols like S (sulphur), Cl (chlorine), N (nitrogen) are used and the value is added at the end of the symbol. SIST EN 14961-4:2011
EN 14961-4:2011 (E) 7 industrial by-products and residues. Property class B2 also includes chemically treated industrial by-products and residues and used wood. Chemically treated wood residues, fibres and wood constituents from wood p
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