SIST EN 15445:2008
Fugitive and diffuse emissions of common concern to industry sectors - Qualification of fugitive dust sources by Reverse Dispersion Modelling
Fugitive and diffuse emissions of common concern to industry sectors - Qualification of fugitive dust sources by Reverse Dispersion Modelling
This standard specifies a Reverse Dispersion Modelling method to qualify the fugitive emission rates of diffuse fine and coarse dust sources of industrial plants or areas. The application needs calculations using a dispersion model, and the definition of a sampling experimental set-up taking into account field data such as number, height and width of diffuse dust sources, sampling distances, and meteorological information. The RDM method does not allow quantification in absolute figures of the dust emission rates because of an undetermined accuracy depending on various site conditions, but it is a tool which enables each industrial plant to identify its dust sources that emit the most, and then to implement actions reducing their importance by self-control and related improvement process as part of environmental management. In this framework, the RDM method should not be used to control or verify any compliance with air quality threshold global values which might be contained in an operating permit, or to carry out comparison between different plants belonging to the same industrial sector.
Fugitive und diffuse Emissionen von allgemeinem Interesse für Industriebereiche - Berechnung fugitiver Emissionsquellstärken aus Immissionsmessungen mit der RDM (Reverse Dispersion Modelling)-Methode
Diese Europäische Norm legt eine Reverse-Dispersion-Modelling-Methode (Methode zur Quellterm¬rückrechnung) (Reverse Dispersion Modelling) zur Abschätzung fugitiver Emissionsraten diffuser Fein- und Grobstaubquellen in Industrieanlagen oder -flächen fest. Die Anwendung erfordert Berechnungen unter Verwendung eines Ausbreitungsmodells und die Definition eines Aufbaus einer Probenahme unter Berücksichtigung von Felddaten, wie etwa Anzahl, Höhe und Fläche diffuser Staubquellen, Entfernungen der Probenahme von den Staubquellen und meteorologische Daten.
Die RDM-Methode erlaubt aufgrund einer nicht bestimmten Genauigkeit, keine Quantifizierung der Emissionsraten in absoluten Zahlen. Dennoch ist sie ein Werkzeug, durch dessen Einsatz die am stärksten emittierende, offene Staubquelle einer Industrieanlage identifiziert werden kann und damit Schritte zur Reduzierung ihrer Bedeutung durch Selbstkontrolle und darauf bezogene Verbesserungsprozesse im Rahmen des Umweltmanagements ermöglicht.
In diesem Rahmen sollte die RDM-Methode weder zur Kontrolle oder Verifikation einer Übereinstimmung mit Luftqualitätsschwellenwerten, die in einer Betriebsgenehmigung enthalten sein könnten, noch zum Vergleich zwischen verschiedenen Anlagen desselben Industriebereichs Verwendung finden.
Emissions fugitives et diffuses concernant divers secteurs industriels - Estimations des taux d’émissions fugitive de poussieres par Modellisation de Dispersion inverse
La présente norme décrit une méthode de Modélisation Inverse (MI) permettant de qualifier les débits d’émissions diffuses de sources de particules fines et grossières, d’installations et de zones industrielles. Cette méthode nécessite l’utilisation d’un modèle de dispersion atmosphérique et la mise en place d’un dispositif expérimental d’échantillonnage optimisé en fonction des données de terrain, comme le nombre, la hauteur et la largeur des sources de particules diffuses et les caractéristiques météorologiques.
La méthode MI ne permet pas la quantification en nombre absolu des débits d'émissions diffuses de particules en raison d'une justesse indéterminée. Cependant, elle est un outil qui permet à chaque installation industrielle d’identifier ses sources diffuses de particules les plus émissives et de mettre en œuvre un plan d'action pour les réduire en procédant à un auto-contrôle associé à un processus d'amélioration dans le cadre de la gestion de l’environnement.
Dans ce contexte, la méthode MI ne doit pas être utilisée pour contrôler ou vérifier la conformité aux valeurs seuils de la qualité de l'air, qui pourraient être données dans une autorisation d’exploitation. Cette méthode ne doit pas non plus être utilisée pour établir des comparaisons entre les différentes installations appartenant au même secteur industriel.
Ubežne in razpršene emisije skupnega pomena za industrijske sektorje - Ovrednotenje ubežne emisije prahu z reverzno disperznim modeliranjem
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Fugitive and diffuse emissions of common concern to industry sectors - Qualification of fugitive dust sources by Reverse Dispersion ModellingUbežne in razpršene emisije skupnega pomena za industrijske sektorje - Ovrednotenje ubežne emisije prahu z reverzno disperznim modeliranjemEmissions fugitives et diffuses concernant divers secteurs industriels - Estimations des taux d’émissions fugitive de poussieres par Modellisation de Dispersion inverseFugitive und diffuse Emissionen von allgemeinem Interesse für Industriebereiche - Berechnung fugitiver Emissionsquellstärken aus Immissionsmessungen mit der RDM (Reverse Dispersion Modelling)-MethodeTa slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 15445:2008SIST EN 15445:2008en13.040.40ICS:SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 15445:200801-marec-2008
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 15445January 2008ICS 13.040.40 English VersionFugitive and diffuse emissions of common concern to industrysectors - Qualification of fugitive dust sources by ReverseDispersion ModellingEmissions fugitives et diffuses concernant divers secteursindustriels - Estimations des taux d'émissions fugitive depoussières par Modelisation de Dispersion inverseFugitive und diffuse Emissionen von allgemeinem Interessefür Industriebereiche - Berechnung fugitiverEmissionsquellstärken aus Immissionsmessungen mit derRDM (Reverse Dispersion Modelling)-MethodeThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 30 November 2007.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2008 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 15445:2008: E
EN 15445:2008 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword.3 1 Scope.4 2 Normative references.4 3 Terms and definitions.4 4 Principle.5 5 Measurement Equipment.6 6 Dispersion model.6 7 Procedure.7 8 Calculations.9 9 Precision.13 10 Report.13 Annex A (informative)
Determination of conversion factors Dph data to Dae data.15 Bibliography.17
EN 15445:2008 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 15445:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 264 “Air quality”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by July 2008, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by July 2008. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This European Standard has been elaborated under a mandate of the European Commission/DG Enterprise to support essential requirements of the IPPC Directive (96/61/EC) and by voluntary action of industry. The horizontal approach of common concern to industrial sectors is to gather industries concerned by diffuse/fugitive emissions and to develop methods suiting their needs. The industries of three trade associations have participated: EUROFER, EUROMETAUX and CEFIC. For practical reasons the two developed measurement methods, one for dusts and the other for gases are published as two separate standards. This standard has not been developed for Air Quality Control purposes and therefore shall not be used for monitoring by authorities. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
EN 15445:2008 (E) 4
1 Scope This standard specifies a Reverse Dispersion Modelling method to qualify the fugitive emission rates of diffuse fine and coarse dust sources of industrial plants or areas. The application needs calculations using a dispersion model, and the definition of a sampling experimental set-up taking into account field data such as number, height and width of diffuse dust sources, sampling distances, and meteorological information.
The RDM method does not allow quantification in absolute figures of the dust emission rates because of an undetermined accuracy depending on various site conditions, but it is a tool which enables each industrial plant to identify its dust sources that emit the most, and then to implement actions reducing their importance by self-control and related improvement process as part of environmental management. In this framework, the RDM method should not be used to control or verify any compliance with air quality threshold global values which might be contained in an operating permit, or to carry out comparison between different plants belonging to the same industrial sector.
2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 12341, Air Quality – Determination of the PM10 fraction of suspended particulate matter – Reference method and field test procedure to demonstrate reference equivalence of measurement methods 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 fugitive dust emission uncontrolled dust emission to the atmosphere from diffuse emission. EXAMPLE Windblown dust from stock piles, diffuse dust from workshop buildings, dust from handling dry bulk goods, re-suspension by traffic etc. 3.2 suspended particulate matter SPM notion of all particles surrounded by air in a given, undisturbed volume of air 3.3 PM10 fraction of SPM corresponding to a sampling target specification as defined in EN 12341 3.4 aerodynamic diameter (Dae) to any particle, characterized by a physical diameter Dph and a density, corresponds a Dae: it is the diameter of a spherical particle of a specific mass of 1 g/cm3, which would have the same limit falling velocity in undisturbed air 3.5 fine dust fraction of SPM which particles display a physical diameter (Dph) lower than 10 µm
EN 15445:2008 (E) 5 NOTE If appropriate sampling devices are used, PM10 is applicable as fine dust, remembering that PM10 corresponds to the SPM fraction defined on the basis of aerodynamic diameter of particles (Dae). 3.6 coarse dust fraction of SPM in which particles display a physical diameter (Dph) equal or higher than 10 µm. No upper limit is defined because the size of the suspended particles depends on the density of particulate matter 3.7 background dust dust that is not related to the industrial activities of a plant, and generally coming from surrounding local and far-away sources outside the plant under investigation 3.8 dispersion factor . of a dust source corresponds to the ratio between the contribution of a dust source i to the dust concentration (µg/m³) at a sampling location, and the emission rate e (g/s) of this dust source iiiecα= (1) 3.9 correlation coefficient, R. correlation coefficient obtained between sets of calculated dispersion factors of two dust sources; the value of R. indicates if two dust sources are independent or not
EXAMPLE When a dust sampler is located between two dust sources, for the one located upwind the dispersion factor value ≠is higher than zero (α>0)≠¢—≠ and for the other one downwind the dispersion factor value ≠is zero (α=0). When the wind is blowing from the opposite direction, it is the reverse for α.Then ≠their dispersion factors are not correlated. 3.10 correlation coefficient Rc between two sampling locations correlation coefficient obtained between measured dust concentrations in two sampling locations; the value of Rc indicates the relative contribution of the plant dust sources and background dust 3.11 coefficient R2d of multiple determination coefficient calculated from the multiple determination regression for a source. For each source taken into account, the value of R2d represents the fraction of the variations in measured dust concentrations (source contribution) explained by the dispersion model ()()idirdtiirdirdetctcαΣ=Σ= (2) 3.12 residue difference between a measured dust concentration at a sampling location, and the calculated dust concentration at the same location by using the mean emission rate of each investigated dust source 4 Principle Fugitive dust sources are not emitted at a fixed flow rate and the emitted matter is dispersed in air. In many cases, different dust sources contribute to the dust concentration in a sampling location. Reverse-Dispersion Modelling is a method to obtain the mean emission rate estimation of each source by statistic treatment of: measured dust concentrations in different sampling locations;
EN 15445:2008 (E) 6 calculated dispersion factors .; to solve this equation: ()()idirdtiirdirdetctcαΣ=Σ= (3) where cird is the concentration of particles with the aerodynamic diameter d (equal Dae), due to the source i at a sampling location r; .irdt is the dispersion factor of particles with the aerodynamic diameter d (equal Dae), between source i and sampling location r; eid
is source i emission rate of particles with the aerodynamic diameter d (equal Dae), that we try to find out. The dispersion of emitted matter is influenced by the location and geometry of the dust source, weather conditions, land roughness and the aerodynamic diameter d of particles. With an appropriate dispersion model and default emission rate e of 1 g/s, the dispersion factor . can be calculated in different locations around a dust source. Contributions of different sources can be distinguished by simultaneous sampling in several locations, and calculation of correlation coefficient R. between their sets of dispersion factors. The measurements of dust concentrations comprise a background dust contribution which the exact origin is mostly not well known. Nevertheless areas shall be defined as potential background sources to be taken into account for calculations. 5 Measurement Equipment 5.1 Fine dust sampler Devices used to measure the fine dust concentration at the sampling locations shall provide data with a sampling time resolution of 1 h, and shall collect the dust particles on a filter membrane (quartz fibre or PTFE) with a separation efficiency higher than 99,5 %. If the device is not sampling PM 10 according to EN 12341, but a sampler which determines the proportion of particles with Dph < 10 µm, a comparative measuring campaign with a PM 10 reference sampler shall determine a conversion factor to convert the Dph data to Dae data. (see A.1) 5.2 Coarse dust sampler Devices used to measure the coarse dust concentrations at the sampling locations shall provide data with a sampling time resolution of 1 h, and they shall present a particle size resolution capable of distinguishing between three size fractions, preferably the physical diameter (Dph) classes 10 µm to 30 µm, 30 µm to 70 µm and higher than 70 µm. To obtain the corresponding Dae size fractions data needed for the dispersion model calculations, a wind tunnel test shall be carried out for the dust under consideration, using an appropriate Tunnel Impactor, to determine a conversion factor allowing converting the Dph data to Dae data (see A.2). 6 Dispersion model Dispersion models used to calculate the dispersion factors . shall be valid for the topological environment of the industrial area to be investigated. The minimum requirements for the selection of the model are:
EN 15445:2008 (E) 7 locations, heights and size of the dust sources;
particle size data where a distinction between particle size is required;
locations and heights of the sampling locations; hourly data of wind speed, wind direction, stability of the atmosphere; hourly calculations of dispersion factor . 7 Procedure 7.1 Experimental set-up 7.1.1 Dust sources location The industrial dust sources to be investigated shall be defined (size, heights, nature, label …) and precisely located on a detailed map of the area. Additionally, background sources are defined, inside and surrounding the plant. 7.1.2 Sampling locations The number and the locations of dust sampling depend on the location and number of industrial dust sources to be investigated. A minimum of two sampling locations are required for the emission rate estimation of one dust source. The distance between the plant dust sources and dust samplers should be in the range 50 m to 300 m, depending on the density of the dust particles (chemical compound) of sources under consideration. To distinguish different dust sources, it is highly recommended to select the sampling locations in between the plant dust sources, preferably on the axis of the most frequent wind direction. The experimental set-up (locations of samplers) can be checked before beginning of dust sampling measurements by using the dispersion model and historical mean meteorological data for the measurement period (see 8.2.2 and 8.2.3)1) 7.1.3 Number of samplers and sampling campaigns The number of sampling campaigns depends on the number of plant dust sources to be investigated and number of dust samplers available as one set for simultaneous measurements at different sampling locations. A set of two
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