SIST EN 12193:2008
(Main)Light and lighting - Sports lighting
Light and lighting - Sports lighting
This standard specifies lighting for those indoor and outdoor sports events most practised in Europe. It provides lighting values for the design and control of sports lighting installations in terms of illuminances, uniformity, glare restriction and colour properties of the light sources. All requirements are meant to be as minimum requirements. It also gives methods by which these values are measured. For the limitation of glare, it also points out restrictions on the location of the luminaires for specific applications. For emergency lighting this standard refers to the requirements of EN 1838.
Licht und Beleuchtung - Sportstättenbeleuchtung
Diese Norm legt die Beleuchtung von Sportstätten in Innen- und Außenanlagen fest für die in Europa am häufigsten ausgeübten Sportarten. Sie gibt Werte für Beleuchtungsstärken, Gleichmäßigkeiten, Blendungsbegrenzung und Farbeigenschaften der Lichtquellen an, um die Beleuchtung von Sportstätten zu planen und überprüfen zu können. Alle Anforderungen sind als Mindestwerte zu verstehen. Verfahren zur Messung dieser Werte werden angegeben. Für die Blendungsbegrenzung werden für einzelne Sportarten außerdem Einschränkungen bezüglich der Anordnung der Leuchten gegeben.
Für Anforderungen an die Notbeleuchtung wird auf EN 1838 verwiesen.
Éclairagisme - Éclairage des installations sportives
Cette norme spécifie l’éclairage des manifestations sportives, à l’intérieur ou à l’extérieur, les plus pratiquées en Europe. Elle fournit des valeurs pour le projet et le contrôle de l’éclairage des installations sportives en termes d’éclairements, d’uniformité, de limitation de l’éblouissement et de propriétés de couleur des sources lumineuses. Toutes les exigences s’entendent comme exigences minimales. Elle donne aussi des méthodes de mesure de ces valeurs. Elle précise également les restrictions de position des luminaires, dans des applications particulières, pour la limitation de l’éblouissement.
Pour les exigences de l’éclairage de secours, il convient de se référer à l’EN 1838.
Razsvetljava - Razsvetljava športnih objektov
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Light and lighting - Sports lightingRazsvetljava - Razsvetljava športnih objektovÉclairagisme - Éclairage des installations sportivesLicht und Beleuchtung - SportstättenbeleuchtungTa slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 12193:2007SIST EN 12193:2008en,fr,de97.220.1091.160.01ICS:SIST EN 12193:19991DGRPHãþDSLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 12193:200801-maj-2008
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 12193December 2007ICS 91.160.01; 97.220.10Supersedes EN 12193:1999
English VersionLight and lighting - Sports lightingÉclairagisme - Éclairage des installations sportivesLicht und Beleuchtung - SportstättenbeleuchtungThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 25 October 2007.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2007 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 12193:2007: E
EN 12193:2007 (E) 2
Contents.Page Foreword.3 Introduction.4 1 Scope.5 2 Normative references.5 3 Terms and definitions.5 4 Data to be provided.6 4.1 Essential lamp data.6 4.2 Useful lamp data.7 4.3 Essential luminaire data.7 4.4 Useful luminaire data.8 4.5 Essential installation data.8 5 General principles of the lighting installation.8 5.1 Reference grid for calculation and measurement.8 5.2 Measuring equipment.12 5.3 Measurement record.12 5.4 Tolerated differences.12 5.5 Maintenance.13 5.6 Spectator area lighting.13 5.7 Safety for participants and the continuation of an event in case of lighting failure.13 5.8 Glare restriction.14 5.9 Surface colours and reflection properties.15 5.10 Obtrusive light.15 6 Requirements for the lighting of sports most practised in Europe.16 6.1 General requirements.16 6.2 Requirements per sport.17 6.3 Specific requirements for colour television and film recording.19 Annex A (normative)
Tables of requirements.24 Annex B (informative)
A-deviation.39 Bibliography.40
EN 12193:2007 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 12193:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 169 “Light and lighting”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2008, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2008. This document supersedes EN 12193:1999. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EN 12193:2007 (E) 4 Introduction This European standard deals with sports lighting to ensure good visual conditions for players, athletes, referees, spectators and CTV transmission. The objective of this document is to provide recommendations and specify requirements for good quality sports lighting by: optimising the perception of visual information used during sports events;
maintaining the level of visual performance;
providing acceptable visual comfort; restricting obtrusive light.
EN 12193:2007 (E) 5 1 Scope This standard specifies lighting for those indoor and outdoor sports events most practised in Europe. It provides lighting values for the design and control of sports lighting installations in terms of illuminances, uniformity, glare restriction and colour properties of the light sources. All requirements are meant to be as minimum requirements. It also gives methods by which these values are measured. For the limitation of glare, it also points out restrictions on the location of the luminaires for specific applications.
For emergency lighting this standard refers to the requirements of EN 1838.
2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 12464-1, Light and lighting – Lighting of work places – Part 1: Indoor work places EN 12665:2002, Light and lighting – Basic terms and criteria for specifying lighting requirements EN 13032-1, Light and lighting – Measurement and presentation of photometric data of lamps and luminaires – Part 1: Measurement and file format 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 12665:2002 and the following apply. 3.1 principal area
PA actual playing area needed for the performance of a certain sport
NOTE 1 Usually this means the actual marked out "field" area for that sport (for instance football), but in some cases this area comprises an extra playing area around the marked area (e. g. tennis, volleyball, table tennis). NOTE 2 In all tables in Annex A examples of area sizes are given which are most commonly used for that sport. The particular area dimensions should be checked at the time when designing a lighting installation. 3.2 total area
TA area generally comprising the principal area (PA) plus an additional safety area outside the principal area 3.3 reference area area defined per sports on which the main lighting requirements apply including the marking lines and any extra area centred around the marked area NOTE The dimensions of this area are generally based on PA, for the relevant sport and level of competition. For most sports this reference area is limited by a rectangle in the horizontal plane of the ground. An example of reference area is given in Figure 1 where l and w stand respectively for the length and the width of the rectangular reference area. Where a total area (TA) is specified, it will also be necessary to fulfil the requirements as defined in 5.3 a).
EN 12193:2007 (E) 6 3.4 grid points for measurement and calculation arrangement of calculation and measurement points and their number in each dimension of the reference area NOTE 1 When the reference area is rectangular, lp and wp (see Figure 1) define the dimensions of the rectangle limited by the four corner points which are common for calculation and measurement.
NOTE 2 When the reference area covers a symmetrical track, l will be lp, which is the quarter of the length of the inner limit of the track, w the width of the track as defined in Figure 2. 3.5 obtrusive light spill light which because of quantitative, directional or spectral attributes in a given context gives rise to annoyance, discomfort, distraction or reduction in the ability to see essential information. NOTE In the case of outdoor sports lighting installation obtrusive light is considered around the installation and not for spectators, referees or players within the sports area. 3.6 curfew time after which stricter requirements (for the control of obtrusive light) will apply NOTE It is often a condition of use of lighting applied by a government controlling authority, usually the local government. 3.7 average illuminance over a surface 3.7.1 maintained average illuminance over a surface value below which the average illuminance on the specified surface is not allowed to fall
NOTE It is the average illuminance on the specified surface at the time maintenance must be carried out 3.7.2
initial average illuminance over a surface average illuminance on the specified surface when the installation is new NOTE The initial average illuminance is obtained from the specific maintained value by dividing the latter value by the maintenance factor at the time maintenance must be carried out. 4 Data to be provided 4.1 Essential lamp data 4.1.1 General The following lamp data shall be provided for verification. 4.1.2 Lamp code Any combination of letters and numbers by which the lamp type can be identified. 4.1.3 Lamp dimensions All dimensions of the lamp that are relevant for the luminaire.
EN 12193:2007 (E) 7 4.1.4 Nominal lamp wattage (Wlamp) The nominal lamp wattage (Wlamp) as the approximate wattage used to designate or identify the lamp may be stated. 4.1.5 Luminous Flux 4.1.6 Lamp lumen maintenance factor (LLMF) NOTE The lamp lumen maintenance factor may be presented as a graph or as data in a table. However, for the designer to set up an optimal maintenance scheme, it is recommended to present these data in tabular form. 4.1.7 Lamp survival factor (LSF) NOTE The lamp survival factor may be presented as a graph or as data in a table. However, to allow the designer to set up an optimal maintenance scheme, it is recommended to present these data in tabular form. 4.1.8 General colour rendering index (Ra) 4.1.9 Correlated colour temperature (Tcp) 4.2 Useful lamp data 4.2.1 General Lamp data beneficial to the designers and users in the planning and operation of lighting installations 4.2.2 Lamp energy efficiency class (LEEC) Lamp energy efficiency class assigned to the lamp in accordance with the energy efficiency index defined in the Lamps Directive 98/11/EC and measured in accordance to EN 50285. 4.3 Essential luminaire data 4.3.1 General Luminaire data required for verification of conformity to the requirements of EN 12193. 4.3.2 Luminaire code Any combination of letters and numbers by which the luminaire type is identified. 4.3.3 Normalised Intensity Table In sports lighting designs, the accuracy of illuminance calculations is based primarily upon the quality of interpolation within the intensity table of the luminaires used. For minimum requirements see EN 13032-1. 4.3.4 Correction factors When the electrical performance of the ballast, used in the photometric measurements, deviates more than
5 % from the standard measurement, then a Ballast Lumen Factor (BLF) shall be specified. 4.3.5 Dimensions of the luminous parts of the luminaire The dimensions of those parts of the luminaire from which light is emitted shall be given in m or m2.
EN 12193:2007 (E) 8 4.4 Useful luminaire data 4.4.1 General Luminaire data beneficial to the designers and users in the planning and operation of lighting installations. 4.4.2 Intensity diagram The intensity distribution presented as a graph is mainly intended to give a first impression of the shape of the luminous intensity distribution. The graph for floodlights should be in cartesian format. 4.4.3 Luminaire maintenance factor (LMF) NOTE The luminaire maintenance factor (LMF) may be presented as a graph or as data in a table. However, for the designer to set up an optimal maintenance scheme, it is recommended to present these data in a tabular form. 4.4.4 Spacing to height ratios Ratio of spacing to the height of the geometric centres of an array of luminaires above the reference plane in the axial and transverse directions. NOTE Usually used for indoor facilities in conjunction with UF tables (see below). 4.4.5 Utilisation factor tables The utilisation factor (UF) of a luminaire in an installation is the ratio of the luminous flux received by the reference surface to the sum of the rated lamp luminous fluxes of the lamps of the installation (see EN 12665). NOTE Usually used for indoor facilities. 4.5 Essential installation data 4.5.1 Field dimensions. For actual area dimensions see Annex A. 4.5.2 Reflectance of the area (required for glare calculations) 4.5.3 Maintenance factor 5 General principles of the lighting installation 5.1 Reference grid for calculation and measurement 5.1.1 General Verification of the lighting levels provided by a lighting installation requires lighting measurements to be made on site. It is then advisable to define a specific grid so that the lighting designer and customer can have a common ground when carrying out lighting calculations and measurements. These grids are generally rectangular. The illuminances are calculated or measured at every centre of grid rectangles. The grid limits are defined in 3.4. The reference level of the grid is generally the ground for horizontal illuminance evaluation or 1 m above for vertical illuminances, unless stated otherwise. The grid points are determined by the length and width of the reference area or, for a track (see Figure 2), by a quarter of the length of its inner limit and its width as described in 5.1.2.
EN 12193:2007 (E) 9 5.1.2 Grid size for calculation and measurements for particular sports In principle the grid size necessary for calculation and measurement depends on the sports area under consideration, the geometry of the installation, the luminous intensity distribution of the luminaires used, the required accuracy and the photometric quantities to be evaluated. Although this dependence cannot be described in a simple way, in practice, the maximum grid size can be estimated as:
dplog52,0⋅= (1) where p is the grid size; d is the longer dimension of the reference area. The number of points in the longer dimension is given by the nearest odd whole number of d/p.
The resulting spacing between the grid points is used to calculate the nearest odd whole number of grid points in the shorter dimension. This will give a ratio of length to width of a grid cell near to 1.
NOTE The formula (coming from CIE Report X005) has been derived under the assumption log p proportional to log d, where:
p = 0,2 m for d = 1 m
p = 1 m for d = 10 m
p = 5 m for d = 100 m
5.1.3 Grid size for calculation and measurements for multi-sports facilities Where there are several marked playing areas within a total area (e.g. multi-use sports hall) a calculation and measurement over the whole area can be made, using the dimensions of this whole area to determine the number of grid points according to the formula in 5.1.2. However checks should be performed for any separate playing area within the total area, using the grid specified for the particular sport, for instance when there are specific users or competitions (e. g. badminton, basketball, volleyball).
5.1.4 Application The calculation grid is defined to verify the specified performance of a new installation. The measurement grid can be the same as the calculation grid, however this will usually lead to an excessive number of measuring points. It is therefore recommended that a reduced number of points are taken and measured values compared to calculation at these points. This reduced grid should be agreed between the designer and the client and used as the basis of checking the installed performance. The numbers of calculation points are defined for most of sports in the grouped tables of lighting requirements (see Annex A). It will be noticed that the proposed calculation grids in 5.1.1 are such that the number of points for length or width is odd and always allows a measurement grid every two points while keeping a symmetric repartition of the points over the reference area. An example of measurement points is given in Figure 1 and Figure 2 with encircled points.
NOTE Further guidance on measurement grids can be found in CIE 169:2005.
The average illuminance is determined as the mean arithmetical value obtained from all the points. For new installations the calculation of the initial illuminances have to be compared to actual measurements. The initial illuminances are calculated from the maintained illuminances given in the tables of requirements in Annex A, taking into account an appropriate maintenance factor.
EN 12193:2007 (E) 10
Key pw Calculation grid increment widthwise
b Width of the principal area PA
pl Calculation grid increment lengthwise
d Length of the principal area PA
w Width of the reference area wp Calculation grid width
l Length of the reference area
lp Calculation grid length
Calculation point
Calculation and measurement point Figure 1 – Reference area, calculation grid points and an example of measurement grid points
EN 12193:2007 (E) 11
Key a Inner limit of the track w Width of the track wp Calculation grid width pl Calculation grid increment lengthwise pw Calculation grid increment widthwise
Calculation point
Calculation and measurement point Figure 2 – Reference area, calculation grid points and an example of measurement grid points for a track
EN 12193:2007 (E) 12 5.2 Measuring equipment The selection of appropriate measuring equipment is important for correct measurement.
NOTE Details of the performance requirements for photometric equipment are given in CIE Publication 69.
5.3 Measurement record The following details shall be included in the photometric measuring record:
a) nomenclature of the sports ground; b) date and time of measuring; c) type of installation and geometric details of luminaires installation; d) type and number of lamps, control gear, dimmers and luminaires where relevant; e) age of the luminaires and lamps; number of hours the lamps have operated; f) time of the last cleaning and number of hours the lamp have operated since this last cleaning; g) operating voltage while measuring: if the operating voltage differs from the nominal voltage of the lamp while measuring, a correction factor for the luminous flux has to be considered; operating voltage has to be measured close to the lamps or the ballasts for discharge lamps; h) ambient temperatures of the measuring units and luminaires;
i) indication of reflectance of the bordering surfaces (in case of interiors);
j) climatic conditions in case of exterior installations;
k) type of measuring unit, manufacturer, serial number, class, calibration;
l) note the location and aiming of any luminaires that are abnormally not operating during the survey.
5.4 Tolerated differences A difference between the measured and calculated values is likely to occur as a result of:
a) tolerances in manufacturing luminaires, lamps, etc.; b) tolerances in the photometric measurements; c) tolerances in position and aiming of luminaires. Taking these tolerances into account, the differences between the measured and calculated average values shall be ≤ 10 %. Additional differences can be caused by voltage variation, which have to be taken into account.
EN 12193:2007 (E) 13 Verification procedures: verification shall be by measurements, calculations or inspection of authenticated data.
measurements (E values) shall be made with calibrated instruments.
authenticated data (Ra, GR, UGR, TI, I, ULR) shall be provided with all assumptions declared. 5.5 Maintenance The lighting level provided by a lighting installation will decrease throughout life as a result of:
depreciation of the lamps and the luminaires;
dirt accumulation on the lamps and the luminaires;
depreciation of room surfaces;
lamp’s survival rate.
Planning the maintenance operation is therefore essential if the original design parameters are to be met throughout the life of the installation. As such, it is expected that lamp change and cleaning intervals will form a part of the lighting design for a specific area.
The maintenance factor shall be agreed between the designer and customer at the outset. This shall include the planned maintenance programme on which the maintenance factor is based.
NOTE To define the maintenance factor information can be taken from CIE Publication 97:2005 for indoor installations and from CIE Publication 154:2003 for outdoor installations.
Special consideration shall be given to the location of luminaires to ensure that maintenance can be carried out with the minimum of disruption.
5.6 Spectator area lighting For the visual comfort of spectators rather than safety or emergency reasons, the lighting level shall be at least 10 lx.
5.7 Safety for participants and the continuation of an event in case of lighting failure 5.7.1 Safety lighting for participants Participant safety is ensured by the safe stopping of an event which might otherwise be dangerous to continue in the absence of lighting.
The lighting level for the safe stopping of an event is a percentage of the level for that class (see 6.1). This applies to the following sports and percentages listed below: swimming 5% for a minimum period of 30 s indoor gymnastics 5% for a minimum period of 30 s indoor and outdoor equestrian 5% for a minimum period of 120 s speed skating 5% for a minimum period of 30 s bobsleigh and toboggans 10% for a minimum period of 120 s
EN 12193:2007 (E) 14 ski jump and landing 10% for a minimum period of 30 s ski slopes 10% for a minimum period of 30 s cycle racing 10% for a minimum period of 60 s The safety lighting shall come on the instant the general lighting fails and last for at least the period specified.
5.7.2 Continuation of a sport For continuation of a sport, the lighting level shall be at least the Class III level specified for that sport (see tables of Annex A).
5.8 Glare restriction 5.8.1 General Glare shall be limited to avoid a reduction in visual performance.
5.8.2 Indoor NOTE 1 Some measures for limiting glare may be taken from CIE Publication 117.
Measures for limiting glare have been developed for working areas mainly with a horizontal viewing direction and a regular layout of ceiling mounted luminaires. It may be necessary, therefore, to take additional measures for limiting glare in indoor sports facilities, depending on the type of sports.
NOTE 2 For example, the risk of glare caused by high brightness light sources in the player's field of view at some critical point in the game, can require special attention to the positioning and screening of light sources to avoid this effect. On the other hand, the viewing direction of a sports participant is constantly changing, whereas in working areas, discomfort glare is aggravated by a relatively fixed viewing position and direction. In indoor sports facilities however, there can be frequently occurring viewing directions for some sports, where discomfort glare should be limited as far as possible. For these sports, additional notes are added to the tables of requirements in Annex A.
In situations similar to working conditions described in EN 12464, glare should be evaluated using the unified glare rating (UGR) method. The limiting value shall be equivalent to those specified in EN 12464-1.
5.8.3 Outdoor Glare rating values (GR) used in the tables of requirements in Annex A apply. The glare rating shall be calculated for agreed observer positions and angles of view.
NOTE CIE Publication 112 has been taken into account to define the GR values for most sports.
+=9,0vevllog2427LLGR (2) where Lvi is the total veiling luminance in cd m-2 caused by the lighting installation and is the sum of the veiling luminances produced by each individual luminaire (Lvl = Lvl + Lv2 + …. Lvn). The veiling luminance of the individual luminaires is calculated as Lv = 10(EeAuge/θ 2), in which Eeye is the illuminance at the observer's eye in a plane perpendicular to the line of sight (2 ° below horizontal) and θ is the angle between the observer’s line of sight and the direction of the light incident from the individual luminaire.
EN 12193:2007 (E) 15 Lve is the equivalent veiling luminance of the environment in cd m-2. From the assumption that the reflection of the environment is totally diffuse, the equivalent veiling reflection from the environment may be calculated as Lve = 0,035.ρ.Ehav.π-1, in which ρ represents the average reflectance and Ehav the average illuminance of the area. 5.9 Surface colours and reflection properties Surface colours shall be chosen taking into account the usual tasks involved in the intended activities including knowledge of the colours of objects to be viewed against the background in question.
NOTE These surfaces should be matt to avoid glare due to the reflection of bright sources. 5.10 Obtrusive light To safeguard and enhance the night time environment it is necessary to control obtrusive light, which can present physiological and ecological problems to surroundings and people.
The limits of obtrusive light for exterior lighting installations, to minimise problems for people are given in Table 1 and for road users in Table 2.
Table 1 – Maximum obtrusive light permitted for exterior lighting installations Light on properties Luminaire intensity Upward light Ev lx I cd ULR Environmental zone Pre-curfewa
Post-curfew Pre-curfew Post-curfew % E1 2 0 2 500 0 0 E2 5 1 7 500 500 5 E3 10 2 10 000 1 000 15 E4 25 5 25 000 2 500 25 a In case no curfew regulations are available, the higher values shall not be exceeded and the lower values should be taken as preferable limits. E1 represents intrinsically dark areas, such as national parks or protected sites; E2 represents low district brightness areas, such as industrial or residential rural areas; E3 represents medium district brightness areas, such as industrial or residential suburbs; E4 represents high district brightness areas, such as town centres and commercial areas; Ev is the maximum value of vertical illuminance on properties in lx; I is the light intensity of each source in the potentially obtrusive direction in cd;
ULR is the proportion of the flux of the luminaire(s) that is emitted above the horizontal, when the luminaire(s) is (are) mounted in its (their) installed position and attitude.
EN 12193:2007 (E) 16 Table 2 – Maximum values of threshold increment from sports lighting installation
Road classificationa
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