SIST EN 196-6:2019
(Main)Methods of testing cement - Part 6: Determination of fineness
Methods of testing cement - Part 6: Determination of fineness
This European Standard describes three methods of determining the fineness of cement.
The sieving method serves only to demonstrate the presence of coarse cement particles. This method is primarily suited to checking and controlling the production process.
The air-jet sieving method measures the retention on sieving and is suitable for particles which substantially pass a 2,0 mm test sieve. It may be used to determine the particle size distribution of agglomerates of very fine particles. This method may be used with test sieves in a range of aperture sizes, e.g. 63 μm and 90 μm.
The air permeability method (Blaine) measures the specific surface area (mass related surface area) by comparison with a reference material sample. The determination of the specific surface area serves primarily to check the consistency of the grinding process of one and the same plant. This method only enables a limited assessment of the properties of the cement in use.
NOTE The air permeability method may not give significant results for cements containing ultrafine materials.
The methods are applicable to all the cements defined in EN 197.
Prüfverfahren für Zement - Teil 6: Bestimmung der Mahlfeinheit
Diese Europäische Norm beschreibt drei Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Mahlfeinheit von Zement.
Das Siebverfahren dient nur dem Nachweis von groben Zementpartikeln. Dieses Prüfverfahren eignet sich in erster Linie für die Kontrolle und Steuerung des Herstellungsprozesses.
Mit dem Luftstrahl-Siebverfahren wird der Siebrückstand ermittelt. Das Verfahren eignet sich für Partikel, die im Wesentlichen ein 2,0-mm-Prüfsieb passieren, und darf zur Bestimmung der Korngrößenverteilung von Agglomeraten sehr feiner Partikel verwendet werden. Bei Anwendung des Verfahrens dürfen Prüfsiebe mit verschiedenen Maschenweiten, z. B. 63 µm und 90 µm, verwendet werden.
Mit dem Luftdurchlässigkeitsverfahren (nach Blaine) wird die spezifische Oberfläche (massenbezogene Ober¬fläche) im Vergleich zur Oberfläche einer Referenzprobe gemessen. Die Bestimmung der spezifischen Ober¬fläche dient in erster Linie der Kontrolle der Gleichmäßigkeit des Mahlprozesses in einem Werk. Eine Beurteilung der Gebrauchseigenschaften des Zements ist hiermit nur in begrenztem Umfang möglich.
ANMERKUNG Im Falle von Zementen, die sehr feines Material enthalten, kann es vorkommen, dass das Luftdurchlässig¬keitsverfahren keine aussagekräftigen Ergebnisse liefert.
Die Verfahren sind für alle in EN 197 definierten Zemente anwendbar.
Méthodes d'essai des ciments - Partie 6 : Détermination de la finesse
La présente Norme européenne décrit trois méthodes de détermination de la finesse du ciment.
La méthode par tamisage sert uniquement à détecter la présence de grosses particules de ciment. Cette méthode d’essai convient avant tout à la vérification et au contrôle du procédé de production.
La méthode par tamisage à jet d’air mesure le refus de tamisage et convient aux particules qui passent effectivement à travers un tamis d’essai de dimension d’ouverture 2,0 mm et elle peut être utilisée pour déterminer la granulométrie des grumeaux constitués de particules très fines. Cette méthode fait appel à des tamis d’essais dans une série d’ouverture, par exemple, 63 µm et 90 µm..
La méthode de perméabilité à l’air (Blaine) mesure la surface spécifique (surface spécifique de masse) par comparaison avec un échantillon d’un ciment de référence. La détermination de la surface spécifique sert avant tout à vérifier la constance du procédé de broyage d’une seule et même installation. Cette méthode ne permet qu’un jugement limité des propriétés du ciment utilisé.
NOTE : La méthode de perméabilité à l’air peut ne pas donner des résultats significatifs pour les ciments qui contiennent des matières ultrafines
Les méthodes sont applicables à tous les ciments définis dans l’EN 197-1.
Metode preskušanja cementa - 6. del: Določanje finosti
Ta evropski standard opisuje tri metode določanja finosti cementa.
Metoda sejanja je namenjena samo za dokazovanje prisotnosti grobih cementnih delcev. Ta metoda je primerna predvsem za preverjanje in nadzor proizvodnega procesa.
Metoda za sejanje z zračnim curkom meri zadrževanje pri sejanju in je primerna za delce, ki v večji meri prehajajo skozi preskusno sito velikosti 2,0 mm. Lahko se uporablja za določanje razporeditve velikosti delcev v aglomeratih zelo finih delcev. Ta metoda se lahko uporablja s preskusnimi siti z različnimi velikostmi odprtin npr. 63 μm in 90 μm.
Pri (Blainovi) metodi s prepustnostjo zraka se izmeri specifična površina (površina, povezana z maso) v primerjavi z vzorcem referenčnega materiala. Določanje specifične površine je namenjeno predvsem za preverjanje doslednosti postopka mletja v istem obratu. Ta metoda omogoča le omejeno oceno lastnosti uporabljenega cementa.
OPOMBA: Metoda s prepustnostjo zraka morda ne bo zagotovila pomembnih rezultatov za cemente z ultrafinimi materiali.
Te metode se uporabljajo za vse cemente, določene v standardu EN 197.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Prüfverfahren für Zement - Teil 6: Bestimmung der MahlfeinheitMéthodes d'essai des ciments - Partie 6 : Détermination de la finesseMethods of testing cement - Part 6: Determination of fineness91.100.10Cement. Mavec. Apno. MaltaCement. Gypsum. Lime. MortarICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 196-6:2018SIST EN 196-6:2019en,fr,de01-februar-2019SIST EN 196-6:2019SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 196-6:20101DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 196-6:2019
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 196-6
December
t r s z ICS
{ sä s r rä s r Supersedes EN
s { xæ xã t r s rEnglish Version
Methods of testing cement æ Part
xã Determination of fineness Méthodes d 5essai des ciments æ Détermination de la finesse
Prüfverfahren für Zement æ Teil
xã Bestimmung der Mahlfeinheit This European Standard was approved by CEN on
s July
t r s zä
egulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alterationä Upætoædate lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CENæCENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN memberä
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CENæCENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versionsä
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austriaá Belgiumá Bulgariaá Croatiaá Cyprusá Czech Republicá Denmarká Estoniaá Finlandá Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedoniaá Franceá Germanyá Greeceá Hungaryá Icelandá Irelandá Italyá Latviaá Lithuaniaá Luxembourgá Maltaá Netherlandsá Norwayá Polandá Portugalá Romaniaá Serbiaá Slovakiaá Sloveniaá Spainá Swedená Switzerlandá Turkey and United Kingdomä
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre:
Rue de la Science 23,
B-1040 Brussels
9
t r s z CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Membersä Refä Noä EN
s { xæ xã t r s z ESIST EN 196-6:2019
EN 196-6:2018 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword . 3 1 Scope . 4 2 Normative references . 4 3 Sieving method . 4 3.1 Principle . 4 3.2 Apparatus . 4 3.3 Material for checking the sieve . 5 3.4 Procedure. 5 3.4.1 Determination of the cement residue . 5 3.4.2 Checking the sieve. 5 3.5 Expression of results . 6 4 Air permeability method (Blaine method) . 6 4.1 Principle . 6 4.2 Apparatus . 6 4.3 Materials . 8 4.4 Test conditions . 8 4.5 Compacted cement bed . 9 4.5.1 Basis . 9 4.5.2 Preparation of the sample . 9 4.5.3 Determination of density . 9 4.5.4 Formation of the bed . 9 4.6 Air permeability test . 10 4.6.1 Basis . 10 4.6.2 Procedure. 10 4.7 Calibration of apparatus . 11 4.7.1 Determination of the bed volume by measurement. 11 4.7.2 Determination of the apparatus constant . 11 4.7.3 Recalibration . 12 4.8 Special cements . 12 4.9 Simplification of the calculations . 13 4.9.1 Basic formula . 13 4.9.2 Effect of specified porosity . 13 4.9.3 Effect of controlled temperature . 13 4.9.4 Effect of density of cement . 14 4.10 Expression of results . 14 5 Air-jet sieving method . 15 5.1 Principle . 15 5.2 Apparatus . 15 5.3 Procedure. 16 5.4 Checking the sieve. 17 5.5 Expression of results . 17 5.6 Repeatability and reproducibility . 17 SIST EN 196-6:2019
EN 196-6:2018 (E) 3 European foreword This document (EN 196-6:2018) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 51 “Cement and building limes”, the secretariat of which is held by NBN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2019, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2019. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 196-6:2010. In comparison with the previous edition, the following technical modifications have been made: — elimination of the determination of bed volume by mercury volume; —
in subclause 4.10, new data for standard deviation of the repeatability and reproducibility have been introduced. A list of all parts in the EN 196 series can be found on the CEN website. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. SIST EN 196-6:2019
EN 196-6:2018 (E) 4 1 Scope This document describes three methods of determining the fineness of cement. The sieving method serves only to demonstrate the presence of coarse cement particles. This method is primarily suited to checking and controlling the production process. The air-jet sieving method measures the retention on sieving and is suitable for particles which substantially pass a 2,0 mm test sieve. It can be used to determine the particle size distribution of agglomerates of very fine particles. This method can be used with test sieves in a range of aperture sizes, e.g. 63
The air permeability method (Blaine) measures the specific surface area (surface area related to mass) by comparison with a reference material sample. The determination of the specific surface area serves primarily to check the consistency of the grinding process of one and the same plant. This method only enables a limited assessment to be made of the properties of the cement in use. NOTE The air permeability method may not give significant results for cements containing ultrafine materials. The methods are applicable to all the cements defined in EN 197-1. 2 Normative references The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 197-1, Cement - Part 1: Composition, specifications and conformity criteria for common cements ISO 383, Laboratory glassware — Interchangeable conical ground joints ISO 565, Test sieves — Metal wire cloth, perforated metal plate and electroformed sheet — Nominal sizes of openings ISO 3310-1, Test sieves — Technical requirements and testing — Part 1: Test sieves of metal wire cloth ISO 4803, Laboratory glassware — Borosilicate glass tubing 3 Sieving method 3.1 Principle The fineness of cement is measured by sieving it on standard sieves. The mass proportion of cement of which the grain sizes are larger than the specified mesh size is thus determined. A reference sample having a known mass proportion of material coarser than the specified mesh size is used for checking the specified sieve. 3.2 Apparatus 3.2.1 Test sieve, comprising a firm, durable, non-corrodible, cylindrical frame of 150 mm to 200 mm nominal diameter and 40 mm to 100 mm depth, fitted with, e.g. 90 µm, mesh sieve cloth of woven stainless steel, or other abrasion-resisting and non-corrodible metal wire. SIST EN 196-6:2019
EN 196-6:2018 (E) 5 The sieve cloth shall conform to the requirements of ISO 565 and ISO 3310-1 and shall be free of visible irregularities in mesh size when inspected optically by the methods of ISO 3310-1. A tray fitting beneath the sieve frame and a lid fitting above it shall be provided to avoid loss of material during sieving. Sieving may be carried out manually or on a sieving machine. 3.2.2 Balance, capable of weighing to an accuracy of ± 0,01 g. 3.3 Material for checking the sieve A reference material of known sieve residue shall be provided for checking the sieve. The material shall be stored in sealed, airtight containers to avoid changes in its characteristics due to absorption or deposition from the atmosphere. The containers shall be marked with the sieve residue of the reference material. 3.4 Procedure 3.4.1 Determination of the cement residue Agitate the sample of cement to be tested by shaking for 2 min in a stoppered jar to disperse agglomerates. Wait 2 min. Stir the resulting powder gently using a clean dry rod to distribute the fines throughout the cement. Fit the tray under the sieve. Weigh, to ± 0,01 g, (25 ± 0,5) g of cement and place it in the sieve, being careful to avoid loss. Disperse any agglomerates. Fit the lid over the sieve. Agitate the sieve by swirling, planetary and linear movements until no more fine material passes through it. Remove and weigh the residue. Express its mass as a percentage, R1 of the quantity first placed in the sieve to the nearest 0,1 %. Gently brush all the fine material off the base of the sieve into the tray. Repeat the whole procedure using a fresh 25 g sample to obtain R2. Then calculate the residue of the cement R as the mean of R1 and R2 as a percentage, expressed to the nearest 0,1 %. When the results differ by more than 1 % absolute, repeat the whole procedure a third time and calculate the mean of the three values. Sieving by the manual process requires a skilled and experienced operator. 3.4.2 Checking the sieve Sieves should be cleaned and checked for damage before and after each sieving (e.g. that the mesh is taut and is not dented or perforated). In addition, check the sieve after every 100 sievings as follows: Agitate the sample of reference material, to be used for checking the sieve, by shaking for 2 min in a stoppered jar to disperse agglomerates. Wait 2 min. Stir the resulting powder gently using a clean dry rod to distribute the fines throughout the reference material. Fit the tray under the sieve. Weigh, to ± 0,01 g, (25,0 ± 0,5) g of the reference material (3.3) and place it in the sieve, being careful to avoid loss. Sieve the material in accordance with 3.4.1 including the repeat determination of residue to yield two values P1 and P2 expressed to the nearest 0,1 %. The two values of P1 and P2 for a satisfactory sieve should differ by not more than 0,6 %. Their mean P characterizes the state of the sieve. Given the known residue on the sieve of the reference material, R0, calculate R0/P as the sieve factor, F, expressed to the nearest 0,01. The residue, R, determined as in 3.4.1 shall be corrected by multiplying by F, which may have a value of 1,00 ± 0,20. When the factor F exceeds the permitted value, 1,00 ± 0,20, the sieve shall be discarded. Any other checking procedure, such as the optical methods described in ISO 3310-1, may be used. SIST EN 196-6:2019
EN 196-6:2018 (E) 6 NOTE
All sieves will wear slowly and consequently their sieve factor, F, will slowly change. 3.5 Expression of results Report the value of R to the nearest 0,1 %, as the residue, the sieve mesh size and details of the cement tested. The standard deviation of the repeatability and reproducibility are: Repeatability (sr): sr = 0,2 % Reproducibility (sR): sR = 0,3 % Where there is local difficulty in obtaining ISO standard sieves, the same procedure can be followed with the nearest available standard sieve but the report should state on which standard sieve mesh the cement residue has been determined. 4 Air permeability method (Blaine method) 4.1 Principle The fineness of cement is measured as specific surface area by observing the time taken for a fixed quantity of air to flow through a compacted cement bed of specified dimensions and porosity. Under standardized conditions the specific surface area of cement is proportional to
¾t where t is the time for a given quantity of air to flow through the compacted cement bed. The number and size range of individual pores in the specified bed are determined by the cement particle size distribution, which also determines the time for the specified air flow. The method is comparative rather than absolute and therefore a reference sample of known specific surface area is required for calibration of the apparatus. 4.2 Apparatus 4.2.1 Permeability cell. The cell shall be a rigid right cylinder of the dimensions and tolerances shown in Figure 1 a). It shall be of austenitic stainless steel or other abrasion-resisting, non-corrodible material. The top and bottom faces shall be flat and normal to the axis of the cylinder, as shall the upper surface of the ledge at the bottom of the cell. The outer surface of the cylinder shall be tapered to form an airtight fit with the conical socket with joint 19/34 of the manometer in accordance to ISO 383. 4.2.2 Perforated disc. The disc shall be of non-corrodible metal, perforated with 30 to 40 holes of 1 mm diameter, and shall have the dimensions and tolerances shown in Figure 1 b). When in position on the ledge in the cell, its plane surfaces shall be normal to the axis of the cell. 4.2.3 Plunger. The plunger is a piston, capable of sliding freely in the measuring cell by means of a clearance to be applied in such a way that, when the cap of the plunger comes to rest on the upper face of the cell cylinder, a distance of (15 ± 1) mm will be maintained between the upper face of the perforated disc and the lower face of the piston. This piston shall be provided with a flat connected to an annulus around the head to enable air to escape. SIST EN 196-6:2019
EN 196-6:2018 (E) 7 Dimensions in millimetres
a) Cell b) Perforated disc
* Recommended
c) Plunger d) Manometer Key 1 piston 7 manometer 2 flat for air vent 8, 9, 10, 11 etched lines 3 cell 12 conical joint for cell 4 compacted cement disc 13 stopcock 5 filter paper disc 14 rubber tube 6 perforated disc 15 aspirator bulb
A
¶ 50 G 12,7 ± 0,1 B 135 ± 10 H 15 ± 1 C 275 ± 25 J 50 ± 15 D 23 ± 1 K 0,8 ± 0,2 E G - 0,1 L 0,9 ± 0,1 F J – H M 9,0 ± 0,4 Figure 1 — Blaine permeability apparatus SIST EN 196-6:2019
EN 196-6:2018 (E) 8 The plunger shall be of austenitic stainless steel or other abrasion-resisting and non-corrodible material. It shall have the dimensions and tolerances shown in Figure 1c).
A plunger shall only be used with a cell of the specified dimensions and tolerances such that, when used together, the specified distance between the upper face of the perforated disc and the lower face of the piston is satisfied. 4.2.4 Manometer. The manometer shall be a rigidly and vertically mounted U-tube of borosilicate glass tubing conforming to ISO 4803 arranged as in Figure 1d) and having the dimensions and tolerances shown in that figure. One ar
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