SIST EN 15313:2010
Railway applications - In-service wheelset operation requirements - In-service and off-vehicle wheelset maintenance
Railway applications - In-service wheelset operation requirements - In-service and off-vehicle wheelset maintenance
To ensure safety and interoperability, this European Standard gives: ¾ the mandatory limits for in-service and off-vehicle wheelsets; ¾ the mandatory operations to be carried out for which the specific values (and/or criteria) remain to be defined in the maintenance plan. This document applies to wheelsets complying with the following European Standards: ¾ EN 12080, EN 12081, EN 12082; ¾ EN 13103, EN 13104; ¾ EN 13260, EN 13261, EN 13262; ¾ EN 13979-1; ¾ EN 13715, that comprise: ¾ the axle with wheel diameters greater than or equal to 330 mm; ¾ axle boxes with bearings and grease. This document is also applicable to wheelsets: ¾ fitted with brake discs, final drive, transmission or noise-damping systems, as appropriate; ¾ not complying with the above European Standards, but complying with the international requirements in force before the approval of these standards; ¾ with tyred wheels whose characteristics are given in Annex D. For bilateral and domestic traffic, this document may be applied, noting that different values may be used. All the dimensions of this document are in millimetres (mm).
Bahnanwendungen - Radsätze und Drehgestelle - Radsatzinstandhaltung
Diese Europäische Norm bezieht sich auf komplett ausgerüstete Radsätze:
- und entspricht den folgenden ENs:
- EN 473;
- EN 12080, EN 12081, EN 12082;
- EN 13103, EN 13104;
- EN 13260, EN 13261, EN 13262;
- EN 13979-1;
- prEN 13715
- die Folgendes umfassen:
- Radsatz mit Raddurchmessern von 330 mm oder mehr, wie dies in EN 13 260 definiert wird;
- Radsatzlagergehäuse mit Lagern und Fett;
- Bremsscheiben, Achsantrieb- und Lärmdämpfsysteme, je nach Erfordernis;
- mit bereiften Rädern, deren Merkmale in Anhang G wiedergegeben werden.
Nach dem Ermessen des EVU kann sich die Norm auch auf Radsätze beziehen, die nicht den oben genannten Europäischen Normen entsprechen und vor der Genehmigung der Europäischen Normen gebaut wurden und den zu dem damaligen Zeitpunkt geltenden internationalen Anforderungen entsprachen
Application ferroviares - Exploitation des essieux en service - Maintenance des essieux en exploitation ou déposés
La présente Norme européenne s'applique aux essieux montés totalement équipés
- conformes aux EN suivantes :
- EN 473 ;
- EN 12080, EN 12081, EN 12082;
- EN 13103, EN 13104;
- EN 13260, EN 13261, EN 13262;
- EN 13979-1;
- prEN 13715.
- qui comprennent :
- l'essieu monté avec des roues de diametre supérieur ou égal a 330 mm conforme a l'EN 13260 ;
- des boîtes avec des roulements et de la graisse ;
- éventuellement des disques de frein, un pont moteur, une transmission ou des dispositifs d'insonorisation .
- des roues bandagées dont les caractéristiques sont reprises en Annexe G.
Elle est également applicable pour les essieux, non en conformité avec les Normes européennes reprises ci-dessus, fabriqués avant l'approbation des Normes européennes mais en conformité avec les prescriptions internationales en vigueur a ce moment-la.
Železniške naprave - Zahteve za vzdrževanje kolesnih dvojic - Vzdrževanje kolesnih dvojic med obratovanjem in vzdrževanje demontiranih kolesnih dvojic
Za zagotavljanje varnosti in interoperabilnosti ta evropski standard podaja: ¾ obvezne mejne vrednosti za kolesne dvojice med obratovanjem in demontirane kolesne dvojice; ¾ obvezne operacije, ki jih je treba izvesti, za katere je treba specifične vrednosti (in/ali merila) opredeliti v načrtu vzdrževanja. Ta dokument velja za kolesne dvojice, ki so v skladu z naslednjimi evropskimi standardi: ¾ EN 12080, EN 12081, EN 12082; ¾ EN 13103, EN 13104; ¾ EN 13260, EN 13261, EN 13262; ¾ EN 13979-1; ¾ EN 13715, ki zajemajo: ¾ os s premerom kolesa, večjim ali enakim 330 mm; ¾ ohišja osi z ležaji in mazivom. Ta dokument velja tudi za kolesne dvojice: ¾ opremljene z zavornimi ploščicami, končnim pogonom, sistemi prenosa ali dušenja hrupa, kot je primerno; ¾ ki niso v skladu z zgoraj navedenimi evropskimi standardi, vendar so v skladu z mednarodnimi zahtevami, ki so veljale pred odobritvijo teh standardov; ¾ s kolesi s pnevmatikami, katerih značilnosti so navedene v Dodatku D. Ta dokument se lahko uporabi za dvostranski in domači promet, z upoštevanjem, da se lahko uporabijo različne vrednosti. Vse mere v tem dokumentu so v milimetrih (mm).
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Železniške naprave - Zahteve za vzdrževanje kolesnih dvojic - Vzdrževanje kolesnih dvojic med obratovanjem in vzdrževanje demontiranih kolesnih dvojicBahnanwendungen - Radsätze und Drehgestelle - RadsatzinstandhaltungApplication ferroviares - Exploitation des essieux en service - Maintenance des essieux en exploitation ou déposésRailway applications - In-service wheelset operation requirements - In-service and off-vehicle wheelset maintenance45.040Materiali in deli za železniško tehnikoMaterials and components for railway engineeringICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 15313:2010SIST EN 15313:2010en,fr01-september-2010SIST EN 15313:2010SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
SIST EN 15313:2010
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 15313
April 2010 ICS 45.040 English Version
Railway applications - In-service wheelset operation requirements - In-service and off-vehicle wheelset maintenance Applications ferroviaires - Exploitation des essieux en service - Maintenance des essieux en exploitation ou déposés
Bahnanwendungen - Radsätze und Drehgestelle - Radsatzinstandhaltung This European Standard was approved by CEN on 30 January 2010.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 15313:2010: ESIST EN 15313:2010
EN 15313:2010 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword.5 1 Scope.6 2 Normative references.7 3 Terms and definitions.7 4 Maintenance.8 4.1 General.8 4.2 Maintenance organization.8 4.2.1 Maintenance plan.8 4.2.2 Service experience.8 4.2.3 Traceability – storage – transportation.9 4.3 Qualification of equipment and systems.10 4.3.1 General principle.10 4.3.2 Qualification file for equipment and systems.10 4.4 Staff certification and competence.10 4.5 Maintenance organization plan.11 4.6 Qualification of an undertaking for the maintenance of in-service or off-vehicle wheelsets.11 5 Definition and illustrations of a wheelset, its associated components and defects.13 5.1 Definition and illustrations of a wheelset.13 5.1.1 Wheelset.13 5.1.2 Axle.14 5.1.3 Wheel.15 5.1.4 Axle box.16 5.2 Functional references of the rail-wheel interface.17 5.2.1 General.17 5.2.2 Wheelset functional references.17 5.2.3 Wheel functional references.17 5.3 Definition and illustrations of defects.18 5.3.1 General.18 5.3.2 Defects for all types of wheel.18 5.3.3 Defects specific to monobloc wheels.27 5.3.4 Axle defects.28 5.3.5 Axle box defects.30 5.3.6 Wheelset defects.31 6 Mandatory requirements and operations.33 6.1 General.33 6.2 Mandatory requirements.34 6.2.1 In-service limit dimensions and positions.34 6.2.2 Maintenance decision criteria for in-service wheels.38 6.2.3 Marking of wheelsets with wheels according to EN 13979-1.41 6.2.4 Electrical resistance of wheelsets after overhaul.41 6.2.5 Tyred wheels.41 6.2.6 Operational limit values for axle bodies.41 6.3 Reprofiling operation.42 6.4 Dimensions after reprofiling.42 6.4.1 Front-to-front dimension "a2".42 6.4.2 Diameter difference between wheels on the same axle.42 6.4.3 Limit values of radial run-out as a function of the maximum operating speed authorized for the vehicle.42 SIST EN 15313:2010
EN 15313:2010 (E) 3 6.4.4 Wheel axial run-out as a function of the maximum operating speed authorized for the vehicle.42 6.5 Mandatory operations.43 6.5.1 Detection of thermal damage on the wheel rim or tyre.43 6.5.2 Verification of brake disc integrity.43 6.5.3 Detection of circularity defects (e.g. flats, metal build-up, cavity, etc.).43 6.5.4 Verification of rim integrity
Detection of deep sub-surface tread defects.43 6.5.5 Verification of web integrity.43 6.5.6 Verification of axle integrity.44 6.5.7 Non-destructive testing.44 6.5.8 Verification of residual magnetism.44 6.5.9 Lubrication operation.44 6.5.10 Checking for axle box defects.44 6.5.11 Verification of wheelset electrical resistance after overhauls.45 6.6 Requirements to be met by wheelset maintenance equipment.45 7 In-service wheelset maintenance.45 7.1 General.45 7.2 Maintenance plan.45 7.3 Wheelset protection during body and bogie cleaning.46 8 Off-vehicle wheelset maintenance.46 8.1 General.46 8.2 Maintenance plan.46 8.3 Key operations for off-vehicle wheelset maintenance.46 8.4 Off-vehicle wheelset cleaning.47 9 Action to be taken on any wheelset after an incident in service or when not covered by the maintenance plan.48 9.1 Wheelset bearings subject to water ingress.48 9.2 Wheelsets having been subjected to a short circuit current (e.g. from falling overhead line equipment, etc.).48 9.3 Detection by a trackside facility of a wheel circularity defect.48 9.4 Wheelsets loaded over the allowed limit.48 9.5 Hot axle box detection.48 9.5.1 General.48 9.5.2 Technical procedure.48 9.5.3 Treatment of the wheelsets with hot axle box in commercial or other service.49 9.6 Derailment.49 9.7 Head-on collision.49 9.8 Grease leakage or loss.49 9.9 Brake incident (detection of seized brake or discoloration).49 9.10 Reporting after detection of a wheelset irregularity outside the maintenance plan.49 10 Domestic or bilateral traffic.49 11 Summary table of requirements.49 Annex A (normative)
Freight stock.51 Annex B (informative)
Rim width without roll-over for vehicle for domestic use.52 Annex C (informative)
Position of wear groove and reverse slope.53 Annex D (informative)
Tyred wheels.54 D.1 Marking of tyred wheels.54 D.2 Tyre thicknesses.55 D.3 Defects specific to tyred wheels.56 D.4 Specific requirements for tyred wheels.56 D.5 Incidents arising outside the maintenance plan: loose tyre.57 D.6 Verification of the electrical resistance during overhauls.57 D.7 Verification of the electrical resistance during removal.57 Annex E (informative)
Characteristics of metric gauge wheelsets.58 SIST EN 15313:2010
EN 15313:2010 (E) 4 Annex F (informative)
Characteristics of Spanish and Portuguese gauge wheelsets.59 Annex G (informative)
Characteristics of Finnish and Baltic country gauge wheelsets.60 Annex H (informative)
Plain bearing regeneration.61 Annex I (informative)
Permissible circularity defects.62 Annex ZA (informative)
Relationship between this
European
Standard and the Essential Requirements
of EU Directive 2008/57/EC.63 Bibliography.66
SIST EN 15313:2010
EN 15313:2010 (E) 5 Foreword This document (EN 15313:2010) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256 “Railway applications”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2010, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by October 2010. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive 2008/57/EC. For relationship with Directive 2008/57/EC, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. SIST EN 15313:2010
EN 15313:2010 (E) 6
1 Scope To ensure safety and interoperability, this European Standard gives: ¾ the mandatory limits for in-service and off-vehicle wheelsets; ¾ the mandatory operations to be carried out for which the specific values (and/or criteria) remain to be defined in the maintenance plan. This document applies to wheelsets complying with the following European Standards: ¾ EN 12080, EN 12081, EN 12082; ¾ EN 13103, EN 13104; ¾ EN 13260, EN 13261, EN 13262; ¾ EN 13979-1; ¾ EN 13715, that comprise:
the axle with wheel diameters greater than or equal to 330 mm; ¾ axle boxes with bearings and grease. This document is also applicable to wheelsets:
fitted with brake discs, final drive, transmission or noise-damping systems, as appropriate; ¾ not complying with the above European Standards, but complying with the international requirements in force before the approval of these standards; ¾ with tyred wheels whose characteristics are given in Annex D. For bilateral and domestic traffic, this document may be applied, noting that different values may be used. All the dimensions of this document are in millimetres (mm). NOTE The requirements to be met by components other than axles, wheels, axle boxes, bearings and grease (e.g. brake disc, final drive, transmission, noise-damping systems, etc.) shall be defined in a specific document.
SIST EN 15313:2010
EN 15313:2010 (E) 7 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 287-1, Approval testing of welders — Fusion welding — Part 1: Steels EN 473, Non-destructive testing — Qualification and certification of NDT personnel — General principles EN 13260, Railway applications — Wheelsets and bogies — Wheelsets — Product requirements EN 13261, Railway applications — Wheelsets and bogies — Axles — Product requirements EN 13262, Railway applications — Wheelsets and bogies — Wheels — Product requirements EN 13715, Railway applications — Wheelsets and bogies — Wheels — Tread profile
EN 13979-1, Railway applications — Wheelsets and bogies — Monobloc wheels — Technical approval procedure — Part 1: Forged and rolled wheels
EN ISO 9934-1, Non-destructive testing — Magnetic particle testing — Part 1: General principles
(ISO 9934-1:2001) EN ISO 9934-2, Non-destructive testing — Magnetic particle testing — Part 2: Detection media
(ISO 9934-2:2002) EN ISO 9934-3, Non-destructive testing — Magnetic
particle testing — Part
3: Equipment.
(ISO 9934-3:2002) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 operation everday use of wheelsets in service on the track or during routine planned maintenance.
NOTE This term also includes any in-service problems and their treatment. 3.2 competent technical department department having experience in the wheelset maintenance field having already written the rules
NOTE Departments of the former "networks" come into this category. 3.3 technical expert
person recognized and designated as such by the railway undertaking
3.4 former networks historical networks existing before the publication of the European Directives and which had specified the requirements for the wheelsets registered in their respective country SIST EN 15313:2010
EN 15313:2010 (E) 8 4 Maintenance 4.1 General Maintenance involves:
maintenance of in-service wheelsets; ¾ maintenance of off-vehicle wheelsets; ¾ overhaul after in-service incidents (e.g. overloads, hot axle box detection, wheelset bearings subject to water ingress, etc.). An in-service wheelset shall be maintained by a maintenance undertaking qualified for this type of wheelset. For maintenance of wheelsets, as a minimum, the following shall be utilized: ¾
a maintenance plan; ¾ service experience; ¾ an organization for component and production management; ¾ specific qualified wheelset tools; ¾ qualified staff for non-destructive testing and welding. 4.2 Maintenance organization 4.2.1 Maintenance plan For wheelset maintenance, it is necessary to have a maintenance plan for the wheelsets when in-service and off-vehicle. The maintenance plan shall specify:
the actions to the requirements and mandatory operations listed in this standard; ¾ the maintenance intervals; ¾ any specific measures to be implemented. This maintenance plan shall be written by a competent technical department in the railway field and approved by the technical expert of the owner undertaking. 4.2.2 Service experience The maintenance plan shall be reviewed to include: a) the service experience based on the performance of parts in service; b) the corrective actions necessary for dealing with defects: 1) detected outside the maintenance plan; 2) established on the track using specific devices. SIST EN 15313:2010
EN 15313:2010 (E) 9 The general principle of service experience is shown in Figure 1:
Maintenance rules
Maintenance
Service experience
New or modified requirement
Figure 1 — Service experience 4.2.3 Traceability – storage – transportation 4.2.3.1 Wheelset identification In order to ensure traceability, in-service wheelsets shall have marks complying with the requirements of
EN 13260, EN 13261 and EN 13262. It is recommended having:
the owner's mark on the wheel (e.g. on the hub, with the same requirement as for the other marks, as specified in EN 13262; painted on the web, etc.); ¾ external identification on wheelset with axle boxes mounted (e.g. tag or metal plate on the axle box, collar on the axle, etc.). None of the external identification marks shall adversely affect the axle or its components. All the identification marks shall be described in a specific document to support the management of the wheelsets during their service lives. The markings are applied to the wheelsets when the latter are being overhauled. NOTE It is recommended, where possible, for these markings to be applied retrospectively, even when the wheelset components were not manufactured in accordance with EN 13261 or EN 13262. 4.2.3.2 Traceability of operations and transfers The traceability shall be ensured throughout the life of the in-service wheelset by recording the various operations and transfers. SIST EN 15313:2010
EN 15313:2010 (E) 10 The traceability shall be recorded in a database (e.g. paper, electronic, etc.) and shall be validated. The traceability shall be secured. The contents of the database and process for capturing information shall be described in a specific procedure. In the case of a computerized database, the consistency of the recordings shall be checked on a regular basis. 4.2.3.3 Grease storage Grease storage areas shall be protected from direct sunlight. 4.2.3.4 Component storage Component parts of the wheelsets shall be protected against damage and corrosion. It is recommended storing the components in dry conditions with free air circulation. 4.2.3.5 Handling and transportation conditions for new or overhauled wheelsets A procedure shall be written for safe handling and transporting new or overhauled wheelsets or their components. 4.3 Qualification of equipment and systems 4.3.1 General principle All railway-specific tools, gauges and systems for wheelset maintenance (e.g. checking for circularity defect, stresses in the wheel rim, non-destructive testing, etc.) shall be qualified to ensure that requirements of this standard are met. A qualification file shall be created for all railway-specific equipment in order to ensure that it meets the specifications. 4.3.2 Qualification file for equipment and systems This file shall indicate that the equipment or railway-specific system has the appropriate levels of sensitivity and repeatability in line with the desired objective.
Performance sustainability shall be demonstrated by means of calibrated reference equipment. In addition, when new methods are used, it shall be ensured that the results achieved with the new equipment or system are at least equivalent to those obtained with the former (e.g. differentiation between parts with or without defects, etc.). 4.4 Staff certification and competence Certification is necessary for staff carrying out: a) non-destructive testing: the staff shall be qualified according to EN 473 or equivalent and authorized to work on specific processes; b) welding operations: SIST EN 15313:2010
EN 15313:2010 (E) 11 the staff shall be qualified according to EN 287-1 or equivalent for components where welding is authorized. 4.5 Maintenance organization plan The general maintenance of the wheelsets is organized as shown in Figure 2
EN 15313 Performance criteria
Maintenance plan
Service experience
Traceability
Qualification of tools
Staff qualification
Figure 2 —
General maintenance organization
4.6 Qualification of an undertaking for the maintenance of in-service or off-vehicle wheelsets
The qualification principle shown in Figure 3 applies to each of the following activities: ¾ maintenance of in-service wheelsets; ¾ maintenance of off-vehicle wheelsets; ¾ maintenance activity component (example: reprofiling). The qualification shall be reviewed before its extension to a new wheelset.
SIST EN 15313:2010
EN 15313:2010 (E) 12
EN 15313 Performance criteria
Development and implementation of maintenance plan and inspection plan
Approval audit Check compliance of maintenance plan with this standard and its actual application
No
Yes
The site is authorized to carry out wheelset maintenance
Development of quality assurance with procedures and processes and implementation of quality assurance plan according to
EN ISO 9001 or equivalent
Qualification audit
No
Correction of non conformities
Yes
Site qualification for wheelset maintenance for selected activities
Figure 3 — Flow chart for qualification of an undertaking SIST EN 15313:2010
EN 15313:2010 (E) 13 5 Definition and illustrations of a wheelset, its associated components and defects 5.1 Definition and illustrations of a wheelset 5.1.1 Wheelset The various components of a wheelset are shown in Figures 4a) and 4b).
Key 1
axle
2
monobloc wheel
3
wheel centre
4
tyre
5
retaining ring
a) — Wheelset — Principal components
SIST EN 15313:2010
EN 15313:2010 (E) 14
Key
1
bearings
2
brake disc, final drive or traction motor
3
wheel-mounted brake disc
4
axle box with bearings
b) — Wheeset — Other components Figure 4 — Wheelset 5.1.2 Axle The axle for all types of wheelset is shown in Figure 5.
Key
1 journal 2 collar-bearing surface 3 wheel
...
SLOVENSKI oSIST prEN 15313:2005
PREDSTANDARD
september 2005
Železniške naprave – Kolesne dvojice in podstavni vozički – Vzdrževanje
kolesnih dvojic
Railway Applications - Wheelsets and bogies - Wheelset maintenance
ICS 45.060.01 Referenčna številka
oSIST prEN 15313:2005(en)
© Standard je založil in izdal Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje ali kopiranje celote ali delov tega dokumenta ni dovoljeno
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EUROPEAN STANDARD
DRAFT
prEN 15313
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
July 2005
ICS
English version
Railway Applications - Wheelsets and bogies - Wheelset
maintenance
Applications ferroviaires - Essieux montés et bogies - Bahnanwendungen - Radsätze und Drehgestelle -
Maintenance des essieux montés Radsatzinstandhaltung
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 256.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language
made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and
shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2005 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 15313:2005: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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prEN 15313:2005 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword .5
Introduction.6
1 Scope.7
2 Normative references.7
3 Terms and definitions .8
4 Illustrations of a wheelset and its components .10
4.1 Wheelset .10
4.2 Axle .11
4.3 Wheel .12
4.4 Axle box.13
4.5 Functional references for the wheel-rail interface .14
4.6 Illustrations of wheel defects.15
4.6.1 Defects for all types .15
4.6.2 Defects specific to monobloc wheels.22
4.6.3 Defects specific to tyred wheels.23
4.7 Illustrations of axle defects.23
4.7.1 Corrosion pit.23
4.7.2 Circumferential scoring/grooving.24
4.7.3 Impact damage (ballast, debris,…) and damage due to particular equipment (rotational
contact, return current brushes …) .24
4.7.4 Defects in the corrosion protection.24
4.7.5 Longitudinal defects or indications and possible cracks.25
4.7.6 Transverse defects or indications and possible cracks.25
4.8 List of axle box defects.25
4.9 Illustrations of wheelset defects.25
4.9.1 Wheel distortion .25
4.9.2 Displacement of wheels or discs or other fitted components.26
5 Maintenance organization.27
5.1 General.27
5.2 Qualification principle for wheelset maintenance.27
5.3 Service experience review .28
5.4 Qualification procedure for all equipment and processes .28
5.5 Qualification file for all equipment and processes .28
6 Maintenance plan .28
7 Mandatory requirements and operations.29
7.1 Mandatory requirements.29
7.1.1 Specific requirement for tyred wheels.29
7.1.2 In-service limit values .29
7.1.3 Wheel defects.32
7.2 Reprofiling operation .34
7.3 Dimensions after reprofiling .35
7.3.1 Front-to-front dimension "a " .35
2
7.3.2 Dimension "qR".35
7.3.3 Diameter difference between wheels on the same axle.35
7.3.4 Limit values of radial run-out as a function of the maximum operating speed authorized
for the vehicle.35
7.3.5 Limit values of wheel axial run-out as a function of the maximum operating speed
authorized for the vehicle .35
2
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prEN 15313:2005 (E)
7.3.6 5 x 5 mm chamfer of the wheel rim.36
7.4 Mandatory operations . 36
7.4.1 Detection of thermal damage on the wheel rim or tyre. 36
7.4.2 Detection of circularity defects. 36
7.4.3 Detection of deep sub-surface tread defects . 37
7.4.4 Check of wheel web integrity. 37
7.4.5 Inspection for web integrity . 37
7.4.6 Non-destructive testing. 37
7.4.7 Residual magnetism. 37
7.4.8 Lubrication checks. 37
7.4.8.1 Grease charge after overhaul. 37
7.4.9 Wheel flange lubricator checks. 38
7.4.10 Detection of axle box defects. 38
7.4.11 Broken or cracked axle box . 38
7.4.12 Electrical resistance measurement after overhaul. 38
7.5 Requirements to be met by axle maintenance equipment. 38
7.5.1 Electrical resistance testing device. 39
7.5.2 Magnetic particle tests . 39
7.5.3 Maximum permissible temperature for mounting bearings. 39
7.5.4 Maximum permissible temperature for shrink fitting. 39
7.5.5 Maximum permissible temperature for tyre fitting. 39
7.5.6 Fitting of the axle box. 39
8 Action to be taken on each wheelset after an incident in service. 39
8.1 Wheelset bearings subjected to water ingress . 39
8.2 Wheelsets subjected to passage of abnormal electrical current . 39
8.3 Detection by a trackside facility of a wheel circularity fault . 39
8.4 Wheelsets loaded over the permissible limit. 40
8.5 Hot axle box detection. 40
8.5.1 Technical process . 40
8.5.2 Handling of wheelsets with hot axle bearing, in commercial service or otherwise. 40
9 In-service maintenance . 40
9.1 Maintenance document . 40
9.2 Non-destructive tests in service . 40
9.3 Dimensional check . 41
9.4 Check list of the wheelset requirements . 41
9.4.1 Wheelset characteristics. 41
9.4.2 Treatment of in-service defects . 43
10 Maintenance of wheelsets removed from vehicle. 45
10.1 Wheelset repair and overhaul document. 45
10.2 Non-destructive testing. 46
10.3 Minimum content for repair and overhaul . 46
10.3.1 Initial wheelset inspection complete with axle boxes in the as-received condition and
recording of the findings for traceability. 46
10.3.2 Wheelset and axle box cleaning as required using approved products. 46
10.3.3 Dismantling, if specified, and inspection of wheelset components. 46
10.3.4 Assembly of wheels and other components (cold, hot) . 47
10.3.5 Pressing on and lubrication of bearings . 47
10.3.6 Final check on the exchanged wheelset – certificate of conformity . 47
11 Wheelset identification. 48
12 Quality management of maintenance operations – quality assurance . 48
12.1 Grease storage . 48
12.2 Traceability of actions. 48
13 Handling and transportation of new or overhauled wheelsets. 48
14 Subcontracting by a railway undertaking. 48
15 Qualification for a new entrant undertaking a maintenance activity. 48
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15.1 Prerequisite .48
15.2 Qualification of the maintenance activity of a railway undertaking .48
16 Tools .49
Annex A (informative) Summary of requirements (draft).50
Annex B (informative) Flats.52
Annex C (informative) Maintenance organization.53
Annex D (normative) Freight rolling stock.54
Annex E (informative) Rim width without roll-over for vehicle for domestic use.55
Annex F (normative) Service experience .56
Annex G (normative) Tyred wheels .57
G.1 General.57
G.2 Definition of the tyre thickness.57
G.3 Tyre problem to be examined .58
Annex H (normative) Manual or automatic detection of in-service defects.59
Bibliography.60
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 96/48.61
Annex ZB (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 2001-16.62
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prEN 15313:2005 (E)
Foreword
This document (prEN 15313:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256 “Railway
applications”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directives 96-48 and 2001-16.
For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annexes ZA, ZB, which are an integral part of this
document.
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Introduction
To ensure safety and interoperability, this standard gives:
the mandatory limits for in-service maintenance of wheelsets, and the requirements for off-vehicle repair
or overhaul;
the mandatory operations to be carried out. The specific values (and/or criteria) shall be defined by the
railway undertaking.
To enable bilateral traffic, alternative values may be applied subject to the agreement of the notified body or
bodies authorizing the use of the railway infrastructures
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1 Scope
This European Standard applies to fully equipped wheelsets:
complying with the following ENs:
EN 473;
EN 12080, EN 12081, EN 12082;
EN 13103, EN 13104;
EN 13260, EN 13261, EN 13262;
EN 13979-1;
prEN 13715
that comprise:
wheelset with wheel diameters greater than or equal to 330 mm as defined in EN 13 260;
axle boxes with bearings and grease;
brake discs, final drive and noise-damping systems, as appropriate.
with tyred wheels whose characteristics are given in Annex G.
It may also be applied to wheelsets which do not comply with the above European Standards at the discretion
of the railway undertaking, built before approval of the European Standards but complying with the
international requirements in force at that time.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 473, Non-destructive testing – Qualification and certification of NDT personnel – General principles
EN 12080, Railway applications – Axle boxes – Rolling bearings
EN 12081, Railway applications – Axle boxes – Lubricating greases
EN 12082, Railway applications – Axle boxes – Performance testing
EN 13103, Railway applications – Wheelsets and bogies – Non-powered axles – Design method
EN 13104, Railway applications – Wheelsets and bogies – Powered axles – Design method
EN 13260, Railway applications – Wheelsets and bogies – Wheelsets – Product requirements
EN 13261, Railway applications – Wheelsets and bogies – Axles – Product requirements
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prEN 15313:2005 (E)
EN 13262, Railway applications – Wheelsets and bogies – Wheels – Product requirements
EN 13979-1, Railway applications – Wheelsets and bogies – Monobloc wheels – Technical approval
procedure – Part 1: Forged and rolled wheels
1)
prEN 13715, Railway applications – Wheelsets and bogies – Wheels – tread profile
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
maintenance
in-service and off-vehicle wheelset activities that ensure safe operation
3.2 General terminology
3.2.1
infrastructure manager
3.2.2
railway network
3.2.3
quality body authorizing operation
3.2.4
railway undertaking operating the vehicles
3.2.5
technical representative of the railway network
3.2.6
railway undertaking
3.2.7
railway undertaking representative owner
3.2.8
railway undertaking owner
3.2.9
subcontractor qualified by the railway undertaking
3.2.10
authority in charge of train operation
3.2.11
non-railway undertaking
3.2.12
registering railway undertaking
1) In preparation
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3.2.13
service experience
3.2.14
qualification of tooling
3.2.15
qualification of undertaking
3.3 Technical definitions
3.3.1
overhaul of axles
3.3.2
maintenance programme
3.3.3
maintenance interval
3.3.4
wheelset
3.3.5
axle
3.3.6
axle box
3.3.7
non-destructive testing
3.3.8
limit dimensions after maintenance
3.3.9
dimensional record of axles
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4 Illustrations of a wheelset and its components
4.1 Wheelset
The wheelset is illustrated in Figures 1a and 1b.
Key
1 Axle
2 Monobloc wheel
3 Wheel centre
4 Tyre
5 Retaining ring
Figure 1a — Wheelset
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prEN 15313:2005 (E)
Key
1 Bearings
2 Brake disc, final drive or traction motor
3 Wheel-mounted brake disc
4 Axle box
Figure 1b — Wheelset and components
4.2 Axle
The axle is shown in Figure 2.
Key
1 Journal
2 Collar bearing surface
3 Wheel seat
4 Axle body
5 Seat for disc, final drive or traction motor
6 Transition zone between seats
Figure 2 — Axle
NOTE Axles may be solid or hollow.
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prEN 15313:2005 (E)
4.3 Wheel
The wheel is shown in Figures 3a and 3b.
Key
1 Wheel centre - tyre interference surface
2 Wheel centre - rim
3 Drive hole for machining
4 Web
5 Hub
6 Rim
L1 Hub width
Figure 3a — Tyred wheel centre Figure 3b — Monobloc wheel
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4.4 Axle box
Key
1 Front cover
2 End cap bolts
3 End cap
4 Front cover bolts
5 Axle box body
6 Outer bearing
7 Internal spacer
8 Lubrication point
9 External spacer
10 Inner bearing
11 Rear cover
12 Rear cover bolts
13 Abutment ring
Figure 4 — Axle box
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4.5 Functional references for the wheel-rail interface
The tread profile is defined in prEN 13715.
Key
a1 Distance between internal wheel faces (back-to-back dimension)
a2 Distance between active wheel faces (front-to-front dimension) (a + e + e)
1 1 2
D0 Position of the rolling circle (1) wheel 1, (2) wheel 2
e1, e2s Flange thicknesses
h Flange height
L Wheel rim width
Z 1 Internal zone of flange (H - S)
2
FEJ External face of the wheel rim
FIJ Internal face of the wheel rim
S Flange tip
d1, d2 Wheel diameters
Figure 5 — Interface dimensions
Key
qR Flange angle dimension between P1 and P2
d Wheel diameter
Figure 6 — Dimension qR
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4.6 Illustrations of wheel defects
4.6.1 Defects for all types
4.6.1.1 Shelling
Cavity due to local material loss.
Figure 7 — Shelling
4.6.1.2 Spalling
Material loss over the whole running surface.
Figure 8 — Spalling
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4.6.1.3 Scaling
Metal flow over the whole running surface.
Figure 9 — Scaling
4.6.1.4 Metal build-up
Figure 10 — Metal build-up
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4.6.1.5 Wheel flat
Figure 11 — Wheel flat
4.6.1.6 Circularity defect
This includes all in-service permanent changes to the shape of the tread contact zone of the wheel
(polygonization with one or more defects around the circumference of the wheel, local tread collapse, …). The
reference plane includes the point D , as shown in Figure 12.
0
4.6.1.6.1 Polygonization
Key
A Zone of circularity defect
B Actual geometry at tread circle surface
C Theoretical tread circle surface
Figure 12 — Polygonization
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4.6.1.6.2 Localized tread collapse
Figure 13 — Localized tread collapse
4.6.1.7 Wheel tread surface rolling contact fatigue
Reserved.
4.6.1.8 Deep sub-surface tread defect resulting from a metallurgical discontinuity
Figure 14 — Deep sub-surface tread defect
4.6.1.9 Wheel tread roll over
Continuous defect around the wheel tread corner circumference.
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Figure 15 — Wheel tread roll over -1
4.6.1.10 Tooling marks on the wheel inner rim or rim face
Tooling marks after reprofiling.
Figure 16 — Tooling marks on the wheel inner rim or rim face
4.6.1.11 Thermal cracks
Axial thermal cracks :
at the interface between the brake block and the wheel, including the external face of the wheel as a
result of flanging brake blocks (Figure 17a).
at the flange tip as a result of brake blocks that contact both the flange and the running surface
(Figure 17b).
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Figure 17 — Thermal cracks
Figure 17a — Thermal cracks - Flanging brake blocks
Figure 17b — Thermal cracks – Brake blocks that contact both the flange and the running surface
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4.6.1.12 Damage marks of all types
sharp-edged circumferential defects on the web or wheel centre
Figure 18 — Sharp-edged circumferential defects
marks (with sharp edges) that generate notch effects in the same areas and orientation as thermal cracks
or tooling marks on the wheel inner rim or rim face (Figures 16 et 17).
4.6.1.13 Geometric defects at the flange tip and in zone P1-P2
Defects can be discrete or continuous.
Key
1 Defects due to metal flow
2 Defects due to metal flow
3 Material loss from flange
4 Material loss from flange
Figure 19 — Defects due to metal flow or material loss from flange
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4.6.2 Defects specific to monobloc wheels
4.6.2.1 Defects on the wheel hub
4.6.2.1.1 Sharp-edged radial defect
Figure 20 — Sharp-edged radial defect
4.6.2.1.2 Wheel web hole defects
Figure 21 — Wheel web hole defects
4.6.2.1.3 Defects resulting from mechanical or thermal contact with the web, e.g. use of wheel web-
mounted brake discs
Figure 22 — Defects resulting from mechanical or thermal contact
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4.6.2.1.4 Overheating affecting the rim-w
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