SIST EN ISO 16911-2:2014

Stationary source emissions - Manual and automatic determination of velocity and volume flow rate in ducts - Part 2: Automated measuring systems (ISO 16911-2:2013)

EN ISO 16911-2 describes specific requirements for automated measuring system (AMS) flow monitoring. It is partly derived from EN 14181 which is the general document on the quality assurance of AMSs and is applicable in conjunction with that document. EN ISO 16911-2 specifies conditions and criteria for the choice, mounting, commissioning and calibration of AMSs used for determining the volume flow rate from a source in ducted gaseous streams. EN ISO 16911-2 is applicable by correlation with the manual reference methods described in EN ISO 16911-1. EN ISO 16911-2 is primarily developed for monitoring emissions from waste incinerators and large combustion plants. From a technical point of view, it can be applied to other processes for which flow rate measurement is required with a defined and minimized uncertainty.

Emissionen aus stationären Quellen - Manuelle und automatische Bestimmung der Geschwindigkeit und des Volumenstroms in Abgaskanälen - Teil 2: Kontinuierliche Messverfahren (ISO 16911-2:2013)

Dieser Teil der EN ISO 16911 beschreibt spezifische Anforderungen an automatische Messeinrichtungen zur Volumenstromüberwachung. Er wurde teilweise aus der EN 14181 abgeleitet, die das allgemeine Dokument zur Qualitätssicherung für automatische Messeinrichtungen darstellt und zusammen mit diesem Dokument anwendbar ist.
Dieser Teil der EN ISO 16911 legt Bedingungen und Kriterien für die Auswahl, Montage, Inbetriebnahme und Kalibrierung von automatischen Messeinrichtungen (AMS) fest, die zum Bestimmen des Volumenstroms aus einer Quelle in kanalgeführten Gasströmen dient. Dieser Teil der EN ISO 16911 gilt durch Korrelation mit dem in Teil 1 dieser Norm, EN ISO 16911 1, beschriebenen manuellen Referenzverfahren.
Dieser Teil der EN ISO 16911 wurde hauptsächlich für die Emissionsüberwachung von Müllverbrennungs-anlagen und Großfeuerungsanlagen entwickelt. Aus technischer Sicht kann er auf andere Prozesse angewen-det werden, bei denen eine Messung des Volumenstroms mit definierter und minimierter Messunsicherheit erforderlich ist.

Émissions de sources fixes - Détermination manuelle et automatique de la vitesse et du débit-volume d'écoulement dans les conduits - Partie 2: Systèmes de mesure automatiques (ISO 16911-2:2013)

L'ISO 16911-2:2013 décrit les exigences spécifiques pour les systèmes automatiques de mesurage (AMS) mesurant le débit. Elle est en partie dérivée de l'EN 14181 qui est le document général sur l'assurance qualité des AMS et qui est applicable conjointement avec le présent document.
L'ISO 16911-2:2013 spécifie les conditions et les critères de choix, de montage, de mise en service et d'étalonnage des AMS utilisés pour déterminer le débit-volume d'écoulement d'une source dans les effluents gazeux canalisés. L'ISO 16911-2:2013 est applicable par corrélation avec les méthodes manuelles de référence décrites dans l'ISO 16911-1.
L'ISO 16911-2:2013 est principalement développée pour la surveillance des émissions des incinérateurs de déchets et des grandes installations de combustion. D'un point de vue technique, elle peut être appliquée à d'autres procédés pour lesquels le mesurage du débit doit être effectué selon une incertitude définie et réduite au minimum.

Emisije nepremičnih virov - Ročno in avtomatsko določevanje hitrosti in volumenskega pretoka v odvodnikih - 2. del: Avtomatski merilni sistemi (ISO 16911-2:2013)

EN ISO 16911-2 opisuje specifične zahteve za merjenje pretoka z avtomatskimi merilnimi sistemi (AMS). Deloma je pridobljen iz standarda EN 14181, splošnega dokumenta o zagotavljanju kakovosti avtomatskih merilnih sistemov, in se lahko uporablja skupaj s tem dokumentom. EN ISO 16911-2 določa pogoje in kriterije za izbiro, pritrjevanje, začetek uporabe in umerjanje avtomatskih merilnih sistemov, uporabljenih za določanje volumenskega pretoka plina iz vira v odvodnikih plinastih tokov. EN ISO 16911-2 se lahko uporablja v soodvisnosti z ročnimi referenčnimi metodami, opisanimi v standardu EN ISO 16911-1. EN ISO 16911-2 je bil v prvi vrsti razvit za nadzor emisij iz sežigalnic odpadkov in velikih kurilnih naprav. Tehnično gledano ga je mogoče uporabiti za druge postopke, pri katerih je potrebno merjenje stopnje pretoka z določeno in minimizirano nejasnostjo.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Public Enquiry End Date: 19-Jan-2012
• Publication Date: 18-May-2014
• ICS: 13.040.40 - Stationary source emissions
• Technical Committee: KAZ - Air quality
• Current Stage: 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 07-Apr-2014
• Due Date: 12-Jun-2014
• Completion Date: 19-May-2014
• Directive: 2000/76/EC - Directive 2000/76/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 4 December 2000 on the incineration of waste
• Directive: 2001/80/EC - Directive 2001/80/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2001 on the limitation of emissions of certain pollutants into the air from large combustion plants
• Ref Project: EN ISO 16911-2:2013 - Stationary source emissions - Manual and automatic determination of velocity and volume flow rate in ducts - Part 2: Automated measuring systems (ISO 16911-2:2013)

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 16911-2:2014
01-julij-2014
(PLVLMHQHSUHPLþQLKYLURY5RþQRLQDYWRPDWVNRGRORþHYDQMHKLWURVWLLQ
YROXPHQVNHJDSUHWRNDYRGYRGQLNLKGHO$YWRPDWVNLPHULOQLVLVWHPL,62

Stationary source emissions - Manual and automatic determination of velocity and
volume flow rate in ducts - Part 2: Automated measuring systems (ISO 16911-2:2013)
Emissionen aus stationären Quellen - Manuelle und automatische Bestimmung der
Geschwindigkeit und des Volumenstroms in Abgaskanälen - Teil 2: Kontinuierliche
Messverfahren (ISO 16911-2:2013)
Émissions de sources fixes - Détermination manuelle et automatique de la vitesse et du
débit-volume d'écoulement dans les conduits - Partie 2: Systèmes de mesure
automatiques (ISO 16911-2:2013)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 16911-2:2013
ICS:
13.040.40 (PLVLMHQHSUHPLþQLKYLURY Stationary source emissions
SIST EN ISO 16911-2:2014 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST EN ISO 16911-2:2014

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SIST EN ISO 16911-2:2014


EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 16911-2

NORME EUROPÉENNE

EUROPÄISCHE NORM
March 2013
ICS 13.040.40
English Version
Stationary source emissions - Manual and automatic
determination of velocity and volume flow rate in ducts - Part 2:
Automated measuring systems (ISO 16911-2:2013)
Émissions de sources fixes - Détermination manuelle et Emissionen aus stationären Quellen - Manuelle und
automatique de la vitesse et du débit-volume d'écoulement automatische Bestimmung der Geschwindigkeit und des
dans les conduits - Partie 2: Systèmes de mesure Volumenstroms in Abgaskanälen - Teil 2: Kontinuierliche
automatiques (ISO 16911-2:2013) Messverfahren (ISO 16911-2:2013)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 23 February 2013.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.





EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 16911-2:2013: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

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SIST EN ISO 16911-2:2014
EN ISO 16911-2:2013 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword . 3

2

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SIST EN ISO 16911-2:2014
EN ISO 16911-2:2013 (E)
Foreword
This document (EN ISO 16911-2:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 264 “Air quality",
the secretariat of which is held by DIN, in collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC 146 "Air quality".
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2013, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by September 2013.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.

3

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SIST EN ISO 16911-2:2014

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SIST EN ISO 16911-2:2014
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 16911-2
First edition
2013-03-01
Stationary source emissions — Manual
and automatic determination of velocity
and volume flow rate in ducts —
Part 2:
Automated measuring systems
Émissions de sources fixes — Détermination manuelle et automatique
de la vitesse et du débit-volume d’écoulement dans les conduits —
Partie 2: Systèmes de mesure automatiques
Reference number
ISO 16911-2:2013(E)
©
ISO 2013

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SIST EN ISO 16911-2:2014
ISO 16911-2:2013(E)

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2013
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail [e-mail]
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved

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SIST EN ISO 16911-2:2014
ISO 16911-2:2013(E)

Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Symbols and abbreviations . 4
4.1 Symbols . 4
4.2 Abbreviations . 5
5 Principle . 6
5.1 General . 6
5.2 Importance of minimizing systematic errors . 6
5.3 Relationship to EN 14181 . 7
6 Type testing, quality assurance level 1 data . 7
6.1 Introduction . 7
6.2 Performance criteria . 8
6.3 Flow reference material or procedure. 8
6.4 Quality assurance level 1 calculation . 9
6.5 Velocity check points and quality assurance level 3 . 9
7 Selection of automated measuring system location .10
7.1 General .10
7.2 Selection based upon pre-investigation .10
7.3 Selection based upon a predictable flow profile .10
7.4 Qualifying the automated measuring system calibration through a type 2 quality
assurance level 2 procedure .11
7.5 Ports and working platforms .11
8 Pre-investigation of flow profile .11
8.1 General .11
8.2 Pre-investigation by measurement .12
8.3 Pre-investigation by computational fluid dynamics (CFD).13
8.4 Automated measuring system selection guide .14
8.5 Quality assurance level 2 requirements .14
9 Calibration and validation of the automated measuring system (quality assurance level 2
and annual surveillance test) .14
9.1 Selection of calibration method .14
9.2 Selection of calibration method, if calculation methods are used .15
9.3 Calibration procedure .15
9.4 Functional tests .15
9.5 Parallel measurements with a standard reference method .15
9.6 Wall effects .16
9.7 Automated measuring system flow calibration procedure with transit time tracer .17
9.8 Data evaluation .17
9.9 Calibration function of the automated measuring system and its validity .17
9.10 Calculation of variability .18
9.11 Test of variability and annual surveillance test of validity of the calibration function .18
2 18
9.12 Test of R .
9.13 Quality assurance level 2 and annual surveillance test report .18
10 Commissioning documentation .19
11 On-going quality assurance during operation (quality assurance level 3) .19
12 Assessment of uncertainty in volume flow rate .19
© ISO 2013 – All rights reserved iii

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SIST EN ISO 16911-2:2014
ISO 16911-2:2013(E)

Annex A (informative) Example of calculation of the calibration function (data from tests in
Copenhagen and Wilhelmshaven) .20
Annex B (informative) Flow profile characteristics .32
Annex C (informative) Determination of measuring points and/or paths .37
Annex D (normative) Treatment of a polynomial calibration function .41
Annex E (normative) Values of k (N) and t .42
v 0,95(N − 1)
Annex F (informative) Example of a pre-investigation measurement .43
Annex G (informative) Computational fluid dynamics issues .50
Annex H (informative) The use of time of flight measurement instruments based on modulated
laser light .54
Annex I (informative) Relationship between this International Standard and the essential
requirements of EU Directives .55
Bibliography .56
iv © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved

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SIST EN ISO 16911-2:2014
ISO 16911-2:2013(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies
casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 16911-2 was prepared by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) in collaboration with
ISO Technical Committee TC 146, Air quality, Subcommittee SC 1, Stationary source emissions.
ISO 16911 consists of the following parts, under the general title Stationary source emissions — Manual
and automatic determination of velocity and volume flow rate in ducts:
— Part 1: Manual reference method
— Part 2: Automated measuring systems
© ISO 2013 – All rights reserved v

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SIST EN ISO 16911-2:2014
ISO 16911-2:2013(E)

Introduction
EN ISO 16911-2 describes the quality assurance (QA) procedures related to automated measuring
systems (AMSs) for the determination of the volume flow rate of flue gas with a total uncertainty that
[4]
accords with the requirements of Commission Decision of 2007-07-18.
The calibration and validation of flow AMSs are performed by parallel measurements with the reference
manual method described in EN ISO 16911-1.
The purpose of EN ISO 16911-2 is to secure flow monitoring with a minimized uncertainty for use
[1] [2] [5]
according to EU Directive 2000/76/EC, EU Directive 2001/80/EC, and EU Directive 2010/75/EU.
The purpose of EN ISO 16911-2 is also to secure flow monitoring with an overall uncertainty equal
[4]
to or less than stipulated in Commission Decision of 2007-07-18 and establishing guidelines for the
[3]
monitoring and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions pursuant to Directive 2003/87/EC.
vi © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved

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SIST EN ISO 16911-2:2014
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16911-2:2013(E)
Stationary source emissions — Manual and automatic
determination of velocity and volume flow rate in ducts —
Part 2:
Automated measuring systems
1 Scope
EN ISO 16911-2 describes specific requirements for automated measuring system (AMS) flow monitoring.
It is partly derived from EN 14181 which is the general document on the quality assurance of AMSs and
is applicable in conjunction with that document.
EN ISO 16911-2 specifies conditions and criteria for the choice, mounting, commissioning and
calibration of AMSs used for determining the volume flow rate from a source in ducted gaseous
streams. EN ISO 16911-2 is applicable by correlation with the manual reference methods described in
EN ISO 16911-1.
EN ISO 16911-2 is primarily developed for monitoring emissions from waste incinerators and large
combustion plants. From a technical point of view, it can be applied to other processes for which flow
rate measurement is required with a defined and minimized uncertainty.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 14956, Air quality — Evaluation of the suitability of a measurement procedure by comparison with a
required measurement uncertainty
EN ISO 16911-1:2013, Stationary source emissions — Manual and automatic determination of velocity and
volume flow rate in ducts — Part 1 Manual reference method
EN 14181:2004, Stationary source emissions — Quality assurance of automated measuring systems
EN 15267-3:2007, Air quality — Certification of automated measuring systems — Part 3: Performance criteria
and test procedures for automated measuring systems for monitoring emissions from stationary sources
EN 15259, Air quality — Measurement of stationary source emissions — Requirements for measurement
sections and sites and for the measurement objective, plan and report
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 14181 and the following apply.
3.1
automated measuring system
AMS
measuring system permanently installed on site for continuous monitoring of flow
Note 1 to entry: An AMS is a monitoring technology which is traceable to a reference method.
© ISO 2013 – All rights reserved 1

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SIST EN ISO 16911-2:2014
ISO 16911-2:2013(E)

Note 2 to entry: The AMS is a complete system for measuring flow rate, and includes the features required for
conducting regular functional checks.
3.2
cross-sensitivity
response of the AMS to determinants other than flow rate, e.g. caused by the presence of particulate
matter, changes in gas composition, duct temperature
3.3
linearity
lack of fit
systematic deviation, within the range of application, between the accepted value of a flow reference
material applied to the measuring system and the corresponding measurement result produced by the AMS
Note 1 to entry: The linearity test is described in EN 15267-3:2007, Annex B.
3.4
limit of detection
minimum value of the measurand for which the measuring system is not in the basic state, with a
stated probability
Note 1 to entry: Basic state is normally the zero reading or the minimum measured by the instrument.
3.5
period of unattended operation
maintenance interval
maximum interval of time for which the performance characteristics remain within a predefined range
without external servicing, e.g. calibration or adjustment
3.6
reproducibility under field conditions
measure of the agreement between two measurements in field tests at a level of confidence of 95 %
expressed as the standard deviation of the difference of paired measurements:
n
2
xx−
()
∑ 12ii
(1)
i=1
s =
D
2n
where
x is the ith measurement result of AMS 1;
1i
x is the ith measurement result of AMS 2;
2i
n is the number of parallel measurements.
Note 1 to entry: The absolute reproducibility in the field, R , is calculated according to:
f,abs

R = t × s (2)
f,abs 0,05(N − 1) D
where
t is the two-sided Student t-factor at a confidence level of 0,05, with N − 1 degrees of freedom.
0,05(N − 1)
Note 2 to entry: Adapted from EN 15267-3:2007.
2 © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved

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SIST EN ISO 16911-2:2014
ISO 16911-2:2013(E)

3.7
standard reference method
SRM
method described and standardized to define an air quality characteristic, temporarily installed on site
for verification purposes
Note 1 to entry: For the purposes of EN ISO 16911-2, the manual reference methods are described in EN ISO 16911-1.
3.8
flow reference material
surrogate for flow for testing the AMS performance
Note 1 to entry: A surrogate for flow is normally the parameter measured directly by the instrument, e.g. pressure,
time delay, temperature, heat dissipation or frequency.
3.9
lower reference point
output of the instrument in response to an internally generated function, intended to represent a defined
amount of the measured flow at or close to the lowest flow rate that the system can measure with a
given uncertainty
3.10
upper reference point
output of the instrument in response to an internally generated function, intended to represent a defined
amount of the measured flow at or close to the highest flow rate the system is intended to measure in a
given installation
3.11
flow profile
represented by two diagrams showing the gas velocity in the axial direction along a line across the duct
passing through the centre of gravity of the duct, and a line perpendicular to the first
Note 1 to entry: The gas velocity is expressed in m/s.
3.12
crest factor
peak-to-average ratio
characteristic of a flow profile, calculated from the measured peak value of each flow profile divided by
the average value of each flow profile in the primary and secondary monitoring paths
Note 1 to entry: If the measurement is made according to EN ISO 16911-1 and EN 15259, each measurement
represents the same area of flow in the duct, and the crest factor divisor can be calculated from a simple average
of the individual measurements.
Note 2 to entry: Crest factor shall be calculated for both flow profiles, the primary and secondary monitoring
paths, which are perpendicular to each other.
3.13
skewness
measure of asymmetry defined as the total flow to the left of the centre of the duct divided by the total
flow to the right of the centre of the duct, or the inverse thereof, whichever is larger than 1,00
Note 1 to entry: If the measurement is made according to EN ISO 16911-1 and EN 15259, each measurement
represents the same area of flow in the duct, and the skewness can be calculated from a simple average of the
individual measurements, not including a possible measurement in the centre of the duct.
Note 2 to entry: Skewness shall be calculated for both flow profiles, perpendicular to each other.
3.14
swirl
also referred to as cyclonic flow, is the tangential component of the gas velocity vector
© ISO 2013 – All rights reserved 3

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SIST EN ISO 16911-2:2014
ISO 16911-2:2013(E)

3.15
certification range
range over which the flow monitor has been tested
Note 1 to entry: The certification range is normally from zero, if the instrument reads zero, or from the lower
reference point, if the instrument does not read zero.
Note 2 to entry: The flow monitor is tested according to EN 15267-3 and EN ISO 16911-2.
3.16
primary monitoring path
P
line across the duct through the centre and where the maximum velocity is expected to be found
3.17
secondary monitoring path
S
line across the duct through the centre perpendicular to the primary monitoring path
3.18
Reynolds number
Re

d
Re=ρv
m
(3)
η
dyn
where
3
ρ is the gas density, in kg/m ;
v is the gas velocity, in m/s;
m
d is the duct diameter, in m;
η is the dynamic viscosity, in Pa s
dyn
4 Symbols and abbreviations
4.1 Symbols
a intercept of the calibration function
b slope of the calibration function
D
i ˆ
difference between measured SRM value y and calibrated AMS value y
i
i
D average of D
AVG i
D amount by which the AMS has to be adjusted when drift is detected
d duct diameter
2
k , k (N) test value for variability (based on a χ -test, with a β-value of 50 %, for N numbers of
v v
paired measurements)
n number of paired samples in parallel measurements
q volume flow rate
V
4 © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved

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SIST EN ISO 16911-2:2014
ISO 16911-2:2013(E)

2
R coefficient of determination from a linear regression
Re Reynolds number
R absolute reproducibility in the field
f.abs
s standard deviation of the differences D in parallel measurements
D i
t two-sided Student t-factor at a confidence level of 95 % with N − 1 degrees of freedom
0,95(N − 1)
t two-sided Student t-factor at a confidence level of 5 %, with N − 1 degrees of freedom
0,05(N − 1)
v weighted average of velocity across a monitoring path
AVG
v weighted average of velocity to the left of the centreline
L, AVG
v velocity measured at a point 12 % of the diameter from the duct wall to the left of the cen-
L, 12 %
treline, L
12 %
v peak velocity value on the monitoring path
PEAK
v gas velocity, in m/s
m
v weighted average of velocity to the right of the centreline
R, AVG
v velocity measured at a point 12 % of the diameter from the duct wall to the right of the
R, 12 %
centreline
...

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN ISO 16911-2:2011
01-december-2011
(PLVLMHQHSUHPLþQLKYLURY'RORþHYDQMHKLWURVWLLQYROXPHQVNHJDSUHWRNDY
RGYRGQLNLKGHO$YWRPDWVNLPHULOQLVLVWHPL,62',6
Stationary source emissions - Determination of velocity and volume flow rate in ducts -
Part 2: Automated measuring systems (ISO/DIS 16911-2:2011)
Emissionen aus stationären Quellen - Manuelle und automatische Bestimmung der
Geschwindigkeit und des Volumenstroms in Abgaskanälen - Teil 2: Kontinuierliche
Messverfahren (ISO/DIS 16911-2:2011)
Émissions de sources fixes - Détermination de la vitesse et du débit volumétrique de
l'écoulement dans les conduits - Partie 2: Systèmes de mesure automatiques (ISO/DIS
16911-2:2011)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 16911-2
ICS:
13.040.40 (PLVLMHQHSUHPLþQLKYLURY Stationary source emissions
oSIST prEN ISO 16911-2:2011 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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oSIST prEN ISO 16911-2:2011

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oSIST prEN ISO 16911-2:2011


EUROPEAN STANDARD
DRAFT
prEN ISO 16911-2
NORME EUROPÉENNE

EUROPÄISCHE NORM

October 2011
ICS 13.040.40
English Version
Stationary source emissions - Determination of velocity and
volume flow rate in ducts - Part 2: Automated measuring
systems (ISO/DIS 16911-2:2011)
Émissions de sources fixes - Détermination de la vitesse et Emissionen aus stationären Quellen - Manuelle und
du débit volumétrique de l'écoulement dans les conduits -
automatische Bestimmung der Geschwindigkeit und des
Partie 2: Systèmes de mesure automatiques (ISO/DIS Volumenstroms in Abgaskanälen - Teil 2: Kontinuierliche
16911-2:2011) Messverfahren (ISO/DIS 16911-2:2011)
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for parallel enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 264.

If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.

This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language
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Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to
provide supporting documentation.

Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and
shall not be referred to as a European Standard.


EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN ISO 16911-2:2011: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

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oSIST prEN ISO 16911-2:2011
prEN ISO 16911-2:2011 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword .3
2

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oSIST prEN ISO 16911-2:2011
prEN ISO 16911-2:2011 (E)
Foreword
This document (prEN ISO 16911-2:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 264 “Air
quality", the secretariat of which is held by DIN, in collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC 146 "Air
quality".
This document is currently submitted to the parallel Enquiry.

3

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oSIST prEN ISO 16911-2:2011

DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 16911-2
ISO/TC 146/SC 1 Secretariat: NEN
Voting begins on Voting terminates on

2011-10-13 2012-03-13
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION    МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ПО СТАНДАРТИЗАЦИИ    ORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION

Stationary source emissions — Determination of velocity and
volume flow rate in ducts —
Part 2:
Automated measuring systems
Émissions de sources fixes — Détermination de la vitesse et du débit volumétrique de l'écoulement dans les
conduit —
Partie 2: Systèmes de mesure automatiques
ICS 13.040.40


ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
This draft has been developed within the European Committee for Standardization (CEN), and
processed under the CEN-lead mode of collaboration as defined in the Vienna Agreement.
This draft is hereby submitted to the ISO member bodies and to the CEN member bodies for a parallel
five-month enquiry.
Should this draft be accepted, a final draft, established on the basis of comments received, will be
submitted to a parallel two-month approval vote in ISO and formal vote in CEN.

In accordance with the provisions of Council Resolution 15/1993 this document is circulated in
the English language only.
Conformément aux dispositions de la Résolution du Conseil 15/1993, ce document est distribué
en version anglaise seulement.

To expedite distribution, this document is circulated as received from the committee
secretariat. ISO Central Secretariat work of editing and text composition will be undertaken at
publication stage.
Pour accélérer la distribution, le présent document est distribué tel qu'il est parvenu du
secrétariat du comité. Le travail de rédaction et de composition de texte sera effectué au
Secrétariat central de l'ISO au stade de publication.


THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY NOT BE
REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES,
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME
STANDARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH
THEY ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION.
©  International Organization for Standardization, 2011

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ISO/DIS 16911-2

Copyright notice
This ISO document is a Draft International Standard and is copyright-protected by ISO. Except as permitted
under the applicable laws of the user’s country, neither this ISO draft nor any extract from it may be
reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic,
photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission being secured.
Requests for permission to reproduce should be addressed to either ISO at the address below or ISO’s
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Reproduction may be subject to royalty payments or a licensing agreement.
Violators may be prosecuted.

ii © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved

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Contents Page
Foreword . v
Introduction . vi
1  Scope . 1
2  Normative references . 1
3  Terms and definitions . 1
4  Symbols and abbreviations . 4
4.1  Symbols . 4
4.2  Abbreviations . 6
5  Principle . 6
5.1  Importance of minimising systematic errors . 7
5.2  Relationship to EN 14181. 7
6  QAL 1 approval . 7
6.1  Performance criteria . 8
6.2  Flow reference material . 9
6.3  QAL1 calculation . 9
6.4  Velocity check points and QAL3 . 9
7  AMS location . 10
7.1  Based upon pre-investigation . 10
7.2  Based upon a predictable flow profile . 10
7.3  Qualifying the AMS calibration through an extended QAL2 procedure . 11
7.4  Ports and working platforms . 11
8  Pre-investigation . 11
8.1  Pre-investigation by measurement . 12
8.2  Pre-investigation by CFD . 13
8.3  AMS selection guide . 13
8.4  QAL2 requirements . 14
9  Calibration and validation of the AMS (QAL2 and AST) . 14
9.1  General . 14
9.2  Functional tests . 15
9.3  Parallel measurements with an SRM . 15
9.4  Data evaluation . 16
9.5  Calibration function of the AMS and its validity . 17
9.6  Calculation of variability . 17
9.7  Test of variability and AST test of validity of the calibration function . 17
9.8  Test of R² . 18
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9.9  QAL2 and AST report .18
10  Commissioning documentation .18
11  On-going quality assurance during operation (QAL 3) .18
12  Assessment of uncertainty in volumetric flow .18
Annex A (informative) Example of calculation of the calibration function (data from test run in
Copenhagen and Wilhelmshaven) .19
Annex B (informative) Flow profile characteristics .27
Annex C (normative) Determination of measuring points and/or paths .30
Annex D (normative) Treatment of a polynomial calibration function .34
Annex E (normative) k (N) and t values .35
v 0,95(N-1)
Annex F (normative) Example of a pre-investigation measurement .36
Annex G (informative) Computational fluid dynamics issues .40
Annex H (informative) Relationship between this International Standard and the essential
requirements of EU Directives .44
Bibliography .45

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oSIST prEN ISO 16911-2:2011
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Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 16911-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 146, Air quality, Subcommittee SC 1, and by
Technical Committee CEN/TC 264, Air quality in collaboration.
ISO 16911 consists of the following parts, under the general title Stationary source emissions —
Determination of velocity and volumetric flow in ducts:
 Part 1: Manual reference method
 Part 2: Automated measuring systems
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Introduction
This part of EN ISO 16911 describes the quality assurance procedures related to Automated Measuring
Systems (AMS) for the determination of the volumetric flow rate of flue gas, in order to meet the uncertainty
requirements for measured values given by various regulations, e.g. Commission Decision of 18 July 2007 [4].
The calibration and validation of flow AMS are performed by parallel measurements with the reference manual
method described in this standard, Part 1, EN ISO 16911-1.
The purpose of this standard is to secure flow monitoring with a minimized uncertainty for use according to EU
Directive 2000/76/EC [1], EU Directive 2001/80/EC [2] and EU Directive 2010/75/EU [5].
The purpose of this standard is also to secure flow monitoring with a total uncertainty equal to or less than
stipulated in Commission Decision of 18 July 2007 [4] and establishing guidelines for the monitoring and
reporting of greenhouse gas emissions pursuant to Directive 2003/87/EC [3].
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DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 16911-2

Stationary source emissions — Determination of velocity and
volume flow rate in ducts —
Part 2:
Automated measuring systems
1 Scope
This Part of EN ISO 16911 describes specific requirements for AMS flow monitoring. It is partly derived from
EN 14181 which is the general document on the quality assurance of AMS and is applicable in conjunction
with that document.
This part of EN ISO 16911 specifies conditions and criteria for the choice, mounting, commissioning and
calibration of automated measuring systems (AMS) used for determining the volumetric flow rate from a
source in ducted gaseous streams. This part of EN ISO 16911 is applicable by correlation with the manual
reference method described in this standard part 1, EN ISO 16911-1.
This part of EN ISO 16911 is primarily developed for monitoring emissions from waste incinerators and large
combustion plants. From a technical point of view, it may be applied to other processes, for which flow rate
measurement is required with defined and minimised uncertainty.
2 Normative references
This part of EN ISO 16911 incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications.
These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed
hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to
this International Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the
latest edition of the publication referred to applies.
EN ISO 16911 Part 1, Stationary source emissions — Manual and automatic determination of velocity and
volumetric flow in ducts — Part 1 Manual reference method
EN 15267 Part 1, Air quality — Certification of automated measuring systems — Part 1: General principles
EN 15267 Part 3, Air quality — Certification of automated measuring systems — Part 3: Performance criteria
and test procedures for automated measuring systems for monitoring emissions from stationary sources
EN 14181:2004, Stationary source emissions — Quality assurance of automated measuring systems
EN ISO 14956, Air quality — Evaluation of the suitability of a measurement method by comparison with a
stated measurement uncertainty
EN 15259, Air quality — Measurement of stationary source emissions — Requirements for measurement
sections and sites and for the measurement objective, plan and report
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this International Standard, the terms and definitions given in EN 14181 and the following
apply.
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3.1
automated flow measuring system (AMS)
measuring system permanently installed on site for continuous monitoring of flow rate
NOTE 1 An AMS is a monitoring technology which is traceable to a reference method.
NOTE 2 The AMS is a complete system for measuring flow rate, and includes the features required for conducting
regular functional checks.
3.2
cross sensitivity
response of the AMS to determinants other than flow rate, e.g. caused by the presence of particulate matter,
changes in gas composition, stack temperature
NOTE For the EU Directives [5] and [1] it is the daily emission value that relates to the uncertainty requirement.
3.3
linearity (lack of fit)
systematic deviation, within the range of application, between the accepted value of a flow reference material
applied to the measuring system and the corresponding measurement result produced by the AMS
NOTE The linearity test is described in annex B of EN 15267-3.
3.4
limit of detection
minimum value of the measurand for which the measuring system is not in the basic state, with a stated
probability
NOTE Basic state is normally the zero reading or the minimum measured by the instrument.
3.5
period of unattended operation
maximum interval of time for which the performance characteristics remain within a predefined range without
external servicing, e.g. refill, calibration, adjustment
3.6
reproducibility under field conditions
measure of the agreement between two measurements in field tests at a level of confidence of 95 %
expressed as the standard deviation of the difference of paired measurements [EN 15267-3]:
2
n
x  x

1i 2i
i1
(1)
s 
D
2n
where
th
x is the i measurement result of analyser 1;
1i
th
x is the i measurement result of analyser 2;
2i
n is the number of parallel measurements.
The absolute reproducibility in the field (r ) is calculated according to:
f,abs
R = t  s (2)
f,abs n-1; 0,05 D
where
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t is the two-sided Students t-factor at a confidence level of 0,05, with n-1 degrees of freedom.
n-1, 0,05
3.7
Standard Reference Method (SRM)
method described and standardised to define an air quality characteristic, temporarily installed on site for
verification purposes
NOTE For the purposes of this part of EN ISO 16911, the manual reference methods are described in EN ISO
16911-1.
3.8
flow reference material
surrogate for flow for testing the AMS performance
NOTE A surrogate for flow is normally the parameter measures directly by the instrument, e.g. pressure, time delay,
temperature, heat dissipation, or frequency.
3.9
lower reference point
output of the instrument in response to an internally generated function, intended to represent a defined
amount of the measured flow at or close to the lowest flow the system can measure with a given uncertainty
3.10
upper reference point
The output of the instrument in response to an internally generated function, intended to represent a defined
amount of the measured flow at or close to the highest flow the system is intended to measure in a given
installation.
3.11
flow profile
represented by two diagrams showing the gas velocity [m/s] in the axial direction along a line across the duct
going through the centre of gravity of the duct, and a line perpendicular to the first
3.12
crest factor
or peak-to-average ratio is a measurement of a flow profile, calculated from the measured peak value of the
profile divided by the average value of the profile in the primary and secondary monitoring path
NOTE 1 If the measurement is made according to Part 1 of this standard and EN 15259, each measurement
represents the same area of flow in the duct, and the crest factors divisor can be calculated from a simple average of the
individual measurements.
NOTE 2 Crest factor shall be calculated for both flow profiles, the primary and secondary monitoring path,
perpendicular to each other.
3.13
skewness
a measure of asymmetry, and is defined as the total flow to the left of the centre of the duct divided by the
total flow to the right of the centre of the duct, or the inverse thereof, whichever is larger than 1,00
NOTE 1 If the measurement is made according to Part 1 of this standard and EN 15259, each measurement
represents the same area of flow in the duct, and the skewness can be calculated from a simple average of the individual
measurements, not counting a possible measurement in the centre of the duct.
NOTE 2 Skewness shall be calculated for both flow profiles, perpendicular to each other.
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3.14
swirl
also referred to as cyclonic flow, is the tangential component of the gas velocity vector
3.14
certification range
the range over which the flow monitor has been tested according to EN 15267-3 and this standard
NOTE The certification range is normally from zero, if the instruments reads zero, or from the lower reference points,
if the instrument does not read zero.
3.15
primary monitoring path
a line across the duct, where the maximum velocity is expected to be estimated according to Annex C, C.3
and C.4
3.16
secondary monitoring path
a line across the duct perpendicular to the primary monitoring path to be estimated according to Annex C, C.6
and C.7
4 Symbols and abbreviations
4.1 Symbols
a  intercept of the calibration function
â  best estimate of a
b  slope of the calibration function
ˆ
b best estimate of b
c concentration, value of reference material
D  difference between measured SRM value yi and calibrated AMS value yˆi
i
D average of D
AVG i
D adjust amount by which the AMS has to be adjusted, in the case that drift is detected
d  difference between actual instrument reading of the AMS and the reference value
t
d  difference between previous instrument reading of the AMS and the reference value
t−1
ELV emission limit value
h  test value for detection of a decrease in precision
s
h  test value for detection of drift
x
k  constant in the calculation in the provisional sum for standard deviation
s
k  test value for variability (based on a χ2-test, with a β-value of 50 %, for N numbers of
v
paired measurements)
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k constant in the calculation in the provisional sum for positive and negative differences and
x
in the calculation of the required adjustment of the AMS
L the weighted average of velocity across the left half of diameter on the diagram drawn
AVG
L the velocity measured at a point 12 % of the diameter from the stack wall in the left side of
12%
the diagram drawn
n  number of paired samples in parallel measurements
P  percentage value
R the weighted average of velocity across the left half of diameter on the diagram drawn.
AVG
R The velocity measured at a point 12 % of the diameter from the stack wall in the right side of
12%
the diagram drawn.
2
R coefficient of determination from a linear regression
R the absolute reproducibility in the field
f.abs
s  provisional normalized sum of the standard deviations of the AMS (QAL3)
p
s  provisional normalized sum of the standard deviations of the AMS at time t (QAL3)
t
s  provisional normalized sum of the standard deviations of the AMS at time t-1 (QAL3)
t–1
s  standard deviation of the differences Di in parallel measurements
D
t two-sided students t-factor at a confidence level of 95 % with n-1 degrees of freedom
n–1; 0,95
t two-sided students t-factor at a confidence level of 0,05, with n-1 degrees of freedom
n-1, 0,05
u combined standard uncertainty
c
u  uncertainty due to instability (expressed as a standard deviation)
inst
u uncertainty due to influence of temperature (expressed as a standard deviation)
temp
u uncertainty due to influence of pressure (expressed as a standard deviation)
pres
u  uncertainty due to influence of voltage (expressed as a standard deviation)
volt
u any other uncertainty that may influence the zero and span reading
others
(expressed as a standard deviation)
V the peak value measured of velocity across a diameter
PEAK
V the weighted average of velocity across a diameter
AVG
x  measured signal obtained with the AMS at AMS measuring conditions
th
x  i measured signal obtained with the AMS at AMS measuring conditions
i
...