2001/80/EC - Directive 2001/80/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2001 on the limitation of emissions of certain pollutants into the air from large combustion plants
Directive 2001/80/EC focuses on limiting emissions of sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and dust from large combustion plants with a rated thermal input of 50 MW or more. It recasts previous legislation to clarify and strengthen emission limits, contributing to the EU’s environmental objectives, including protecting air quality and preventing acidification. The Directive aligns with international commitments such as the Gothenburg Protocol and integrates with broader pollution prevention policies like Directive 96/61/EC on integrated pollution prevention and control. It mandates emission limit values for both new and existing plants, with stricter controls for new plants and national reduction plans for existing plants by 2008. Specific provisions address fuels, including biomass, gas turbines, and multi-fuel firing units, and exclude certain combustion plants used in manufacturing or transport. The Directive establishes requirements for operator responsibilities, monitoring, and reporting, aiming to reduce pollutants to levels below critical thresholds in line with the EU’s sustainable development and public health goals. It allows for adaptation to technical progress and incorporation of additional substances and sets out timelines for compliance and evaluation of further measures.
Purpose
Directive 2001/80/EC aims to limit emissions of certain pollutants into the air from large combustion plants within the European Union. The directive builds on earlier legislation (notably Directive 88/609/EEC) and aligns with international commitments such as the Gothenburg Protocol under the UNECE Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution. It seeks to reduce the emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO₂), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and dust from large combustion installations, thereby protecting human health and the environment from the harmful effects of acidification, eutrophication, and ground-level ozone.
This directive also supports the EU's broader environmental objectives, including compliance with integrated pollution prevention and control (Directive 96/61/EC) and air quality management frameworks (Directive 96/62/EC). It incorporates technical progress in pollution control and measurement techniques and recognizes the importance of various fuels including biomass and natural gas.
Key Obligations
Scope of Application: Applies to combustion plants with a rated thermal input of 50 MW or more, excluding certain specific installations (e.g. those used directly for heating, drying, or manufacturing processes; post-combustion units; propulsion engines).
Emission Limits: Establishes emission limit values (ELVs) for SO₂, NOx, and dust for both new and existing plants, differentiated in Annexes III to VII. The ELVs consider fuel type and installation specifics.
Licensing Requirements:
- New plants (licensable after 27 Nov 2002 and operational by 27 Nov 2003) must comply with stricter ELVs.
- Plants licensed earlier face less stringent ELVs but must comply with progressive reduction requirements.
- Existing plants must incorporate emission limits or be included in national emission reduction plans by 1 January 2008 at the latest.
National Emission Reduction Plans (NERP):
- Member States may develop NERPs that set objectives, measures, timetables, and monitoring to reduce annual emissions from existing plants to levels comparable to those achieved by new plants.
- Emission reduction plans must consider costs, benefits, and must not exempt plants from compliance with relevant EU environmental legislation.
- NERPs must be communicated to the European Commission for evaluation.
Annual Emissions Inventories and Monitoring: Member States are required to monitor, measure, and report emissions data, ensuring comparability and quality through standardized measurement techniques promoted by CEN (European Committee for Standardisation).
Operational Hour Restrictions: Existing plants exempted from ELV compliance must commit in writing not to operate beyond a 20,000 hour limit between 2008 and 2015 and provide annual usage reports.
Technical and Economic Feasibility: The directive allows for review and adjustments to emission ceilings and dates under exceptional circumstances, ensuring flexibility while maintaining environmental objectives.
Affected Products and Actors
Combustion Plants: Those with rated thermal inputs equal to or exceeding 50 MW utilizing solid, liquid, or gaseous fuels, excluding plants used primarily for direct manufacturing processes or certain exempted types like gas turbines on offshore platforms or propulsion engines.
Operators: Natural or legal persons holding operational control or economic power over combustion installations must comply with licensing and emission requirements.
Member States: Responsible for transposing the directive, issuing licenses with emission conditions, monitoring compliance, developing national emission reduction plans, and reporting progress to the Commission.
European Commission: Oversees implementation, evaluates national plans, issues guidelines, and reports to EU institutions on progress and potential further action.
Fuel Types: Includes coal, oil, gas, biomass (with specific definitions and exceptions), and multi-fuel firing units.
Implementation Timeline
By 1 July 1990: Member States were required to draw up programmes for progressively reducing annual emissions from existing large combustion plants.
By 27 November 2002: Stricter emission limit values for new plants licensed after this date were set to apply.
By 27 November 2003: New plants subject to full licensing requests had to be operational and compliant with ELVs.
By 30 June 2004: Operators of existing plants had to declare, in writing, any exemption conditions related to operational hour limits.
By 1 January 2008: Member States had to ensure significant reductions in emissions from existing plants either by binding ELV compliance or via inclusion in national emission reduction plans.
By 31 December 2015: Exempted existing plants that signed operational limits were required to cease operation unless fully compliant with ELVs.
Ongoing: Member States must continue monitoring, reporting, and implementing measures as part of integrated pollution control frameworks and subsequent reporting requirements by the European Commission for further assessments.
This structured timeline supports phased emission reductions, accommodating technical and economic feasibility while emphasizing environmental protection and public health.
The directive applies to large combustion plants with a rated thermal input equal to or greater than 50 MW, regardless of the type of fuel used (solid, liquid, or gaseous). It covers combustion plants designed for energy production, excluding those that directly use the products of combustion in manufacturing processes. Specifically excluded are plants used for direct heating, drying, or treatment of materials, post-combustion plants, facilities for catalytic cracking catalyst regeneration, hydrogen sulfide conversion, chemical industry reactors, coke battery furnaces, cowpers, propulsion apparatus for vehicles, ships, or aircraft, and certain gas turbines. Plants powered by diesel, petrol, and gas engines are also excluded. The directive addresses emissions of pollutants such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and dust from these large combustion plants in order to limit their impact on air quality and acidification.
Die Richtlinie 2001/80/EG zielt auf die Begrenzung der Luftschadstoffemissionen von Großfeuerungsanlagen mit einer Feuerungswärmeleistung von 50 MW oder mehr ab. Sie ersetzt frühere Regelungen zur Emissionskontrolle und fördert den Schutz der menschlichen Gesundheit und Umwelt vor den Auswirkungen von Schwefeldioxid (SO2), Stickoxiden (NOx) und Staub. Die Mitgliedstaaten sind verpflichtet, Programme zur schrittweisen Emissionsverminderung bestehender Anlagen zu erstellen und sicherzustellen, dass neue Anlagen strenge Emissionsgrenzwerte einhalten. Für bestehende Anlagen müssen bis spätestens 2008 bedeutende Emissionsreduzierungen erreicht werden. Die Richtlinie integriert Verfahren zur Überwachung, Berichterstattung und Genehmigung der Emissionen und berücksichtigt technische, wirtschaftliche und ökologische Aspekte sowie den technischen Fortschritt. Zudem werden spezifische Ausnahmen und Besonderheiten für bestimmte Anlagentypen definiert. Darüber hinaus verpflichtet die Richtlinie die Mitgliedstaaten, nationale Emissionsverminderungspläne vorzulegen und Emissionsdaten systematisch zu erfassen. Ziel ist eine europaweit koordinierte Senkung der luftschädlichen Emissionen aus Großfeuerungsanlagen, um Versauerung und weitere Umweltbelastungen zu reduzieren.
Zweck
Die Richtlinie 2001/80/EG des Europäischen Parlaments und des Rates vom 23. Oktober 2001 dient der Begrenzung von Schadstoffemissionen von Großfeuerungsanlagen in die Luft. Ihr Ziel ist es, die Emissionen von Schwefeldioxid (SO2), Stickstoffoxiden (NOx) und Staub, welche maßgeblich zur Luftverschmutzung und Versauerung beitragen, wirksam zu reduzieren. Dies soll den Schutz der Umwelt und der menschlichen Gesundheit verbessern, im Einklang mit internationalen Verpflichtungen wie dem Göteborg-Protokoll der UN/ECE. Die Richtlinie ersetzt und aktualisiert dabei die Vorgängerregelung 88/609/EWG und harmonisiert die Emissionsgrenzwerte innerhalb der EU.
Wesentliche Verpflichtungen
- Emissionsgrenzwerte: Für Neuanlagen sind strikte Emissionsgrenzwerte für SO2, NOx und Staub verbindlich festzulegen, bei bestehenden Anlagen sind diese schrittweise einzuführen.
- Genehmigungsverfahren: Für neue Großfeuerungsanlagen ist die Einhaltung der Emissionsgrenzwerte Voraussetzung für die Erteilung der Errichtungs- oder Betriebsgenehmigung.
- Nationale Emissionsverminderungspläne: Mitgliedstaaten müssen Pläne erstellen, die eine schrittweise Verminderung der jährlichen Gesamtemissionen aus bestehenden Anlagen vorsehen, inklusive detaillierter Maßnahmen, Zeitplänen und Überwachung.
- Überwachung und Berichterstattung: Die Mitgliedstaaten haben regelmäßige Emissionsmessungen durchzuführen und der Kommission zu melden, um Transparenz und Nachweis der Einhaltung sicherzustellen.
- Ausnahmen: Bestehende Anlagen können unter bestimmten Bedingungen von der Einhaltung bis zu bestimmten Stichtagen ausgenommen werden, wenn der Betreiber die Abschaltung bis spätestens 2015 garantiert.
- Weitere Maßnahmen: Mitgliedstaaten dürfen strengere Grenzwerte setzen und weitere Schadstoffe erfassen sowie technische Fortschritte berücksichtigen.
Betroffene Anlagen und Akteure
- Großfeuerungsanlagen: Anlagen mit einer Feuerungswärmeleistung von 50 Megawatt (MW) und mehr, die fest-, flüssige oder gasförmige Brennstoffe zur Energieerzeugung verbrennen.
- Ausnahmen: Bestimmte Anlagen wie z.B. Wärmöfen für industrielle Prozesse, Nachverbrennungsanlagen, Katalysator-Regenerierungen, chemische Reaktoren, Koksöfen und Motoranlagen an Fahrzeugen, Schiffen und Flugzeugen fallen nicht unter diese Richtlinie.
- Brennstoffe: Die Richtlinie umfasst verschiedene Brennstoffarten, einschließlich Biomasse, mit speziellen Regelungen zum Ausschluss bestimmter gefährlicher Holzabfälle.
- Betreiber: Natürliche oder juristische Personen, die die Anlagen betreiben oder über diese wirtschaftliche Verfügungsmacht besitzen und damit die Pflichten zur Einhaltung der Regelungen tragen.
Umsetzungszeitplan
- Programme zur Emissionsminderung: Für bestehende Anlagen mussten geeignete Programme spätestens zum 1. Juli 1990 erstellt werden, um die schrittweise Emissionsreduzierung sicherzustellen.
- Genehmigungen für Neuanlagen: Bis zum 27. November 2002 müssen Genehmigungsanträge für Neuanlagen gemäß strengeren Emissionsgrenzwerten bearbeitet werden; die Inbetriebnahme solcher Anlagen muss spätestens zum 27. November 2003 erfolgen.
- Emissionsgrenzwerte bei bestehenden Anlagen: Die Mitgliedstaaten sollen bis spätestens 1. Januar 2008 sicherstellen, dass bestehende Anlagen die Anforderungen für Emissionsgrenzwerte erfüllen oder in entsprechende nationale Emissionsverminderungspläne einbezogen sind.
- Betriebszeitbegrenzung für Ausnahmen: Betreiber bestehender Anlagen, die von den Anforderungen ausgenommen werden, müssen sicherstellen, dass diese ab 2008 maximal 20.000 Betriebsstunden und längstens bis Ende 2015 betrieben werden.
- Mitteilungspflichten: Nationale Emissionsverminderungspläne müssen bis zum 27. November 2003 der Kommission übermittelt werden; die Kommission bewertet und überwacht die Umsetzung.
Diese Fristen und Vorgaben sichern eine gesetzliche Grundlage für die nachhaltige Senkung von Schadstoffemissionen aus Großfeuerungsanlagen und tragen somit zum Umwelt- und Gesundheitsschutz in der EU bei.
Die Richtlinie 2001/80/EG gilt für Großfeuerungsanlagen mit einer Feuerungswärmeleistung von 50 MW oder mehr, unabhängig von der Art des Brennstoffs (fest, flüssig oder gasförmig). Sie betrifft insbesondere Feuerungsanlagen, die zur Energieerzeugung eingesetzt werden, schließt jedoch Anlagen aus, bei denen die Verbrennungsprodukte unmittelbar bei Herstellungsverfahren oder zur Wärmeerzeugung, Trocknung oder Behandlung von Materialien verwendet werden, sowie Nachverbrennungsanlagen, Katalysator-Regenerierungsanlagen, chemische Reaktoren, Koksöfen, Winderhitzer, Antriebe für Fahrzeuge, Schiffen oder Flugzeugen und bestimmte Gasturbinen. Ausgenommen sind auch Anlagen, die von Diesel-, Benzin- oder Gasmotoren angetrieben werden. Die Richtlinie zielt darauf ab, Emissionen von Schwefeldioxid, Stickstoffoxiden und Staub aus Großfeuerungsanlagen zu begrenzen, um Luftverschmutzung zu reduzieren und Gesundheitsrisiken zu minimieren.
La directive 2001/80/CE vise à limiter les émissions de certains polluants provenant des grandes installations de combustion d'une puissance thermique nominale égale ou supérieure à 50 MW, qu'elles utilisent des combustibles solides, liquides ou gazeux. Elle remplace la directive 88/609/CEE pour clarifier et renforcer les normes environnementales. Son objectif est de réduire les émissions de dioxyde de soufre (SO2), d'oxydes d'azote (NOx) et de poussières afin de prévenir l'acidification, l'eutrophisation et l'ozone au niveau du sol, contribuant ainsi à la protection de la santé publique et de l'environnement. Elle impose des valeurs limites d'émission contraignantes, avec des exigences différenciées entre installations nouvelles et existantes, et encourage l'utilisation de meilleures techniques disponibles. La directive prévoit aussi des mesures spécifiques pour les combustibles issus de la biomasse et traite de la gestion des déchets incinérés. En outre, elle harmonise les règles au niveau communautaire pour garantir l'efficacité des actions de réduction des polluants atmosphériques transfrontières. Les États membres doivent mettre en place des programmes de réduction des émissions et contrôler leur respect dans des délais précis.
Objet
La directive 2001/80/CE du Parlement européen et du Conseil du 23 octobre 2001 a pour objet de limiter les émissions dans l'atmosphère de certains polluants provenant des grandes installations de combustion. Elle vise à réduire notamment les émissions de dioxyde de soufre (SO₂), d'oxydes d'azote (NOx), et de poussières, dans un contexte de protection de l'environnement et de la santé publique. Cette directive remplace la directive 88/609/CEE afin d’introduire un cadre plus clair, harmonisé et efficace au niveau communautaire. Elle participe notamment à la mise en œuvre du protocole de Göteborg (1999) et s'inscrit dans une stratégie communautaire contre l'acidification.
Obligations principales
Champ d’application : La directive s'applique aux installations de combustion d’une puissance thermique nominale égale ou supérieure à 50 MW, indépendamment du type de combustible utilisé (solide, liquide ou gazeux). Certaines installations sont exclues, notamment celles destinées directement à un usage industriel autre que la production d’énergie, les turbines à gaz offshore, ou encore les moteurs à combustion interne.
Valeurs limites d’émission (VLE) : Les États membres doivent veiller à ce que les émissions de SO₂, NOx et poussières respectent des valeurs limites précises, différenciées selon que l’installation est nouvelle ou existante. Ces valeurs limites sont fixées dans les annexes III à VII de la directive.
Autorisations : Toute demande d’autorisation de construction ou d’exploitation pour une installation nouvelle d’ici le 27 novembre 2002 doit inclure des conditions garantissant le respect des VLE applicables pour les émissions polluantes. Les installations existantes doivent faire l’objet d’un programme national de réduction progressive des émissions.
Programmes nationaux : Les États membres doivent établir, avant le 1er juillet 1990 (date visée dans l’historique de la directive), des programmes appropriés avec des calendriers pour réduire les émissions annuelles totales des installations existantes. Ces programmes peuvent être adaptés si des changements techniques ou économiques majeurs surviennent.
Limitation spécifique pour les installations existantes : Les installations existantes doivent au plus tard au 1er janvier 2008 respecter les VLE fixées pour les installations nouvelles ou être intégrées à un schéma national de réduction des émissions. Certaines dérogations sont possibles sous réserve d’engagements de réduction sur la durée de vie restante des installations.
Surveillance et déclaration : L’exploitant doit régulièrement fournir des données sur les émissions et la consommation énergétique des installations pour garantir un contrôle fiable des niveaux d’émission.
Produits et acteurs concernés
Installations concernées : Grandes installations de combustion de puissance ≥ 50 MW, utilisant des combustibles solides, liquides ou gazeux, à l’exception notamment des installations de postcombustion, fours à coke, turbines à gaz sur plateformes offshore, et moteurs à combustion pour la propulsion.
Exploitants : Toute personne physique ou morale qui exploite ou détient un pouvoir économique déterminant sur une installation de combustion est tenue de respecter les obligations de la directive.
Combustibles : Inclut la biomasse (définie précisément dans la directive), mais exclut les déchets municipaux et dangereux qui relèvent d’autres directives spécifiques sur l’incinération.
Autorités compétentes : Les États membres doivent désigner les organes chargés de délivrer les autorisations et de contrôler le respect des engagements.
Calendrier de mise en œuvre
Installation nouvelles : Les installations nouvelles dont la demande d’autorisation est faite avant le 27 novembre 2002, et mises en service au plus tard le 27 novembre 2003, doivent respecter les valeurs limites d’émission définies dans les annexes A des annexes III à VII.
Installations existantes :
- Mise en place des programmes nationaux au plus tard le 1er juillet 1990 (historique).
- Respect des VLE comme pour les installations nouvelles au plus tard le 1er janvier 2008, ou application d’un schéma national de réduction des émissions.
- Possibilité d’une exploitation limitée à 20 000 heures entre 2008 et 2015 sous conditions pour certaines installations existantes dérogeant aux VLE.
Déclarations annuelles : Tous les ans, les exploitants doivent rendre compte des heures d’utilisation et des émissions mesurées à l’autorité compétente.
Cette directive place des exigences fortes sur la limitation des émissions polluantes des grandes installations thermiques, tout en reconnaissant des contraintes techniques et économiques propres aux États membres. Elle complète et s’inscrit en cohérence avec les autres directives communautaires sur la prévention et la réduction intégrées de la pollution (notamment 96/61/CE) et la qualité de l’air.
La directive 2001/80/CE s'applique aux grandes installations de combustion dont la puissance thermique nominale est égale ou supérieure à 50 mégawatts, quel que soit le type de combustible utilisé (solide, liquide ou gazeux). Elle concerne spécifiquement les installations destinées à la production d'énergie, à l'exclusion de celles utilisant directement le produit de combustion dans des procédés industriels de fabrication. Sont notamment exclues les installations de réchauffage direct, les installations de postcombustion, les fours à coke, les dispositifs pour la propulsion de véhicules, ainsi que certaines turbines à gaz sous conditions. Les moteurs diesel, essence ou gaz ne sont pas soumis à cette directive. Sont également concernées les installations alimentées par biomasse, ainsi que les installations combinant plusieurs types de combustibles. L'objectif est de limiter les émissions atmosphériques de certains polluants comme le dioxyde de soufre, les oxydes d'azote et les poussières, en vue de protéger la qualité de l'air et la santé publique au sein de l'Union européenne.
Direktiva 2001/80/ES ureja omejevanje emisij žveplovega dioksida (SO2), dušikovih oksidov (NOx) in prahu iz velikih kurilnih naprav z nazivno toplotno močjo 50 MW ali več, ne glede na vrsto goriva. Namen direktive je zmanjšati onesnaževanje zraka, ki povzroča zakisljevanje in druge škodljive učinke na okolje ter zdravje ljudi, v skladu s cilji okoljskih programov EU in mednarodnih sporazumov, kot je Göteborški protokol UNECE. Direktiva določa mejne vrednosti emisij za nove in obstoječe naprave ter zahteve za sprejemanje nacionalnih programov za postopno zmanjševanje emisij. Prav tako vključuje posebne določbe za biomaso in kombinirane enote ter izključitve za specifične naprave. Države članice morajo v svojih dovoljenjih upoštevati tehnične pogoje glede emisij, spremljati obratovalne ure obstoječih naprav ter vseskozi izvajati ukrepe za zmanjševanje onesnaževanja. Komisija spremlja izvajanje direktive in lahko predlaga dodatne ukrepe za izboljšanje kakovosti zraka in varstvo okolja.
Namen
Direktiva 2001/80/ES Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta z dne 23. oktobra 2001 določa ukrepe za omejevanje emisij nekaterih onesnaževal v zrak, ki izhajajo iz velikih kurilnih naprav z nazivno vhodno toplotno močjo 50 MW ali več. Namen direktive je zmanjšati emisije žveplovega dioksida (SO₂), dušikovih oksidov (NOx) in prahu, ki povzročajo zakisljevanje, evtrofikacijo in slabšajo kakovost zraka ter ogrožajo zdravje ljudi.
Direktiva sledi ciljem petega programa varstva okolja EU in spoštuje Göteborški protokol k UNECE konvenciji o onesnaženju zraka na velike razdalje preko meja, ki predvideva zmanjšanje emisij teh snovi. Poudarek je na učinkovitem zmanjšanju emisij na ravni vse EU, saj koordinirani ukrepi držav članic omogočajo doseganje ciljev, ki jih posamični ukrepi ne bi dosegli.
Ključne obveznosti
Izpolnjevanje mejnih vrednosti emisij: Kurilne naprave morajo spoštovati mejne vrednosti emisij žveplovega dioksida, dušikovih oksidov in prahu, določene v prilogah direktive glede na vrsto goriva in datum obratovanja naprave (obstoječe ali nove naprave).
Programi zmanjševanja emisij: Države članice morajo do 1. julija 1990 pripraviti programe postopnega zmanjševanja letnih emisij iz obstoječih naprav, ki vključujejo časovne okvire in konkretne ukrepe. Ti programi morajo upoštevati mejne vrednosti in doseči znižanje emisij, ki so primerljive s tistimi, ki bi jih dosegale nove naprave.
Nacionalni programi za obstoječe naprave: Države članice lahko vzpostavijo tudi nacionalne programe za dodatno zmanjšanje emisij, pri čemer morajo do 27. novembra 2003 sporočiti Komisiji osnutke teh programov. Komisija jih oceni in po potrebi zahteva dopolnitve.
Vključitev pogojev v dovoljenja: Za nove naprave, ki so predmet dovoljenj pred 27. novembrom 2002, morajo biti pogoji za izpolnjevanje mejnih vrednosti emisij vključeni že v gradbenih ali obratovalnih dovoljenjih. Za druge nove naprave velja obveznost izpolnjevanja mejnih vrednosti po delu B prilog direktive.
Zmanjšanje obratovalnih ur za nekatere obstoječe naprave: Upravljavci obstoječih naprav, ki ne morejo izpolniti mejnih vrednosti, lahko s pisno izjavo zagotovijo omejitev obratovalnih ur na največ 20.000 ur do 31. decembra 2015, da se izognejo izpolnjevanju strožjih mej emisij.
Preverjanje tehnične in ekonomske izvedljivosti soproizvodnje: Za nove naprave morajo države članice preveriti možnost izvajanja soproizvodnje toplotne in električne energije, kar pripomore k boljši izrabi goriva in zmanjšanju emisij.
Redna poročila in ocena stanja: Komisija bo do 31. decembra 2004 pripravila poročilo o učinkih direktive, stroških, prednostih in potrebnih nadaljnjih ukrepih. Dokument bo vključeval tudi oceno emisij težkih kovin ter ponujenih nacionalnih programov.
Možnost strožjih nacionalnih pravil: Države članice lahko po potrebi sprejmejo strožje mejne vrednosti emisij ali dodatne zahteve za večje varstvo okolja in zdravja.
Vplivani proizvodi in akterji
Velike kurilne naprave: Direktiva se uporablja za kurilne naprave z nazivno vhodno toplotno močjo 50 MW in več, ki proizvajajo toploto ali električno energijo z uporabo trdnih, tekočih ali plinastih goriv. Izključene so določene posebne naprave, kot so plinske turbine za naftne ploščadi, naprave za neposredno segrevanje in procesne peči.
Upravljavci naprav: Odgovorni so za spoštovanje mejnih vrednosti emisij in izvajanje ukrepov ter poročanje o obratovalnih urah in emisijah.
Nacionalni regulatorji in države članice: So odgovorni za pripravo, izvajanje in nadzor nad programi zmanjševanja emisij ter vključevanje pogojev direktive v dovoljenja za delovanje naprav.
Industrija in energetika: Velike elektrarne in drugi proizvajalci energije, ki uporabljajo kurilne naprave, morajo upoštevati zahteve glede emisij ter uvajati strožje tehnične standarde.
Roki za izvedbo
1. julij 1990: Rok za pripravo programov postopnega zmanjševanja emisij iz obstoječih naprav.
27. november 2002: Rok za vključitev pogojev skladnosti z mejami emisij v dovoljenja za nove naprave, katerih vloge so bile popolne pred tem datumom, da začnejo obratovati najkasneje do 27. novembra 2003.
27. november 2003: Rok za države članice, da Komisiji sporočijo svoje nacionalne programe za zmanjševanje emisij iz obstoječih naprav.
30. junij 2004: Rok za upravljavce obstoječih naprav, da predložijo pisno izjavo o omejitvi obratovalnih ur, če ne dosegajo mejnih vrednosti.
1. januar 2008: Rok, do katerega morajo države članice pomembno zmanjšati emisije z vsemi ustreznimi ukrepi vključno z vključitvijo pogojev za skladnost v obratovalna dovoljenja.
31. december 2015: Najkasnejši datum, do katerega lahko upravljavci obstoječih naprav omejijo obratovalne ure do 20.000, da bi se izognili izpolnjevanju mej.
31. december 2004: Rok, do katerega mora Komisija pripraviti poročilo o učinkih direktive in morebitnih nadaljnjih ukrepih.
Ta direktiva predstavlja pomemben korak za izboljšanje kakovosti zraka v EU s ciljem zaščite zdravja ljudi in okolja preko znižanja emisij glavnih onesnaževal iz velikih kurilnih naprav. Države članice morajo zagotoviti uskladitev z zahtevami in izvajanje potrebnih ukrepov v predpisanih rokih.
Direktiva 2001/80/ES se uporablja za velike kurilne naprave z nazivno vhodno toplotno močjo 50 MW ali več, ne glede na vrsto uporabljenega goriva (trdno, tekoče ali plinasto). Namenjena je napravam, ki proizvajajo energijo, razen tistih, kjer se produkti zgorevanja neposredno uporabljajo v proizvodnih procesih. Iz direktive so izvzete kurilne naprave za neposredno segrevanje, sušenje ali drugo obdelavo materialov, naprave za naknadno zgorevanje odpadnih plinov, določene industrijske naprave, plinske turbine na naftnih ploščadih, vozila, ladje in zrakoplove poganjajoče naprave ter nekateri drugi specifični obrati. Direktiva se osredotoča na omejevanje emisij žveplovega dioksida (SO2), dušikovih oksidov (NOx) in prašnih delcev, ki jih velike kurilne naprave oddajajo v zrak, ter določa mejne vrednosti emisij in obveznosti držav članic za zmanjševanje onesnaževanja zraka iz teh virov.
General Information
This Technical Specification describes a method for sampling and determining the concentration of gaseous sulphur dioxide (SO2) emissions from stacks. This method is based on instrumental techniques. It is applicable to both periodic measurements and the calibration of automated measuring systems permanently installed on stacks, for regulatory or other purposes.
- Technical specification45 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This Technical Specification describes a method for sampling and determining the concentration of gaseous sulphur dioxide (SO2) emissions from stacks. This method is based on instrumental techniques. It is applicable to both periodic measurements and the calibration of automated measuring systems permanently installed on stacks, for regulatory or other purposes.
- Technical specification45 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies procedures for establishing quality assurance levels (QAL) for automated measuring systems (AMS) installed on industrial plants for the determination of the flue gas components and other flue gas parameters.
This European Standard specifies:
- a procedure (QAL2) to calibrate the AMS and determine the variability of the measured values obtained by it, so as to demonstrate the suitability of the AMS for its application, following its installation;
- a procedure (QAL3) to maintain and demonstrate the required quality of the measurement results during the normal operation of an AMS, by checking that the zero and span characteristics are consistent with those determined during QAL1;
- a procedure for the annual surveillance tests (AST) of the AMS in order to evaluate (i) that it functions correctly and its performance remains valid and (ii) that its calibration function and variability remain as previously determined.
This European Standard is designed to be used after the AMS has been certified in accordance with the series of European Standards EN 15267.
- Standard84 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies procedures for establishing quality assurance levels (QAL) for automated measuring systems (AMS) installed on industrial plants for the determination of the flue gas components and other flue gas parameters.
This European Standard specifies:
- a procedure (QAL2) to calibrate the AMS and determine the variability of the measured values obtained by it, so as to demonstrate the suitability of the AMS for its application, following its installation;
- a procedure (QAL3) to maintain and demonstrate the required quality of the measurement results during the normal operation of an AMS, by checking that the zero and span characteristics are consistent with those determined during QAL1;
- a procedure for the annual surveillance tests (AST) of the AMS in order to evaluate (i) that it functions correctly and its performance remains valid and (ii) that its calibration function and variability remain as previously determined.
This European Standard is designed to be used after the AMS has been certified in accordance with the series of European Standards EN 15267.
- Standard84 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 16911-1:2013 specifies a method for periodic determination of the axial velocity and volume flow rate of gas within emissions ducts and stacks. It is applicable for use in circular or rectangular ducts with measurement locations meeting the requirements of EN 15259. Minimum and maximum duct sizes are driven by practical considerations of the measurement devices described within ISO 16911-1:2013.
ISO 16911-1:2013 requires all flow measurements to have demonstrable metrological traceability to national or international primary standards.
To be used as a standard reference method, the user is required to demonstrate that the performance characteristics of the method are equal to or better than the performance criteria defined in ISO 16911-1:2013 and that the overall uncertainty of the method, expressed with a level of confidence of 95 %, is determined and reported. The results for each method defined in ISO 16911-1:2013 have different uncertainties within a range of 1 % to 10 % at flow velocities of 20 m/s.
Methods further to these can be used provided that the user can demonstrate equivalence, based on the principles of CEN/TS 14793.
- Standard94 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 16911-2:2013 describes specific requirements for automated measuring system (AMS) flow monitoring. It is partly derived from EN 14181 which is the general document on the quality assurance of AMSs and is applicable in conjunction with that document.
ISO 16911-2:2013 specifies conditions and criteria for the choice, mounting, commissioning and calibration of AMSs used for determining the volume flow rate from a source in ducted gaseous streams. ISO 16911-2:2013 is applicable by correlation with the manual reference methods described in ISO 16911-1.
ISO 16911-2:2013 is primarily developed for monitoring emissions from waste incinerators and large combustion plants. From a technical point of view, it can be applied to other processes for which flow rate measurement is required with a defined and minimized uncertainty.
- Standard65 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 16911-1:2013 specifies a method for periodic determination of the axial velocity and volume flow rate of gas within emissions ducts and stacks. It is applicable for use in circular or rectangular ducts with measurement locations meeting the requirements of EN 15259. Minimum and maximum duct sizes are driven by practical considerations of the measurement devices described within ISO 16911-1:2013.
ISO 16911-1:2013 requires all flow measurements to have demonstrable metrological traceability to national or international primary standards.
To be used as a standard reference method, the user is required to demonstrate that the performance characteristics of the method are equal to or better than the performance criteria defined in ISO 16911-1:2013 and that the overall uncertainty of the method, expressed with a level of confidence of 95 %, is determined and reported. The results for each method defined in ISO 16911-1:2013 have different uncertainties within a range of 1 % to 10 % at flow velocities of 20 m/s.
Methods further to these can be used provided that the user can demonstrate equivalence, based on the principles of CEN/TS 14793.
- Standard94 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 16911-2:2013 describes specific requirements for automated measuring system (AMS) flow monitoring. It is partly derived from EN 14181 which is the general document on the quality assurance of AMSs and is applicable in conjunction with that document.
ISO 16911-2:2013 specifies conditions and criteria for the choice, mounting, commissioning and calibration of AMSs used for determining the volume flow rate from a source in ducted gaseous streams. ISO 16911-2:2013 is applicable by correlation with the manual reference methods described in ISO 16911-1.
ISO 16911-2:2013 is primarily developed for monitoring emissions from waste incinerators and large combustion plants. From a technical point of view, it can be applied to other processes for which flow rate measurement is required with a defined and minimized uncertainty.
- Standard65 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
The method described in this European Standard determines the concentration of chlorinated compounds in a flue gas that - after passage of the sampling system including a particle filter - give Cl- ions in the absorption solution. This Standard Reference Method has been evaluated during field tests on waste incineration. The method applies to waste gases in which chlorides concentration expressed as HCl may vary between
1 mg m-3 and 5 000 mg m-3 under normal pressure and temperature conditions (see Note 1), and according to emission limit values laid down, for example, in the Council Directive 2000/76/EC on waste incineration plants.
NOTE 1 The limit values of this European Standard are expressed in mg HCl/m3, on dry basis, at the reference conditions of 273 K and 101,3 kPa and at the reference O2 concentration.
NOTE 2 The required uncertainty results from the capacity of the method tested in the field (Annex D) and in the laboratory (see performance characteristics in Tables 1 and 2 and Annex C).
- Standard46 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
The method described in this European Standard determines the concentration of chlorinated compounds in a flue gas that - after passage of the sampling system including a particle filter - give Cl- ions in the absorption solution. This Standard Reference Method has been evaluated during field tests on waste incineration. The method applies to waste gases in which chlorides concentration expressed as HCl may vary between
1 mg m-3 and 5 000 mg m-3 under normal pressure and temperature conditions (see Note 1), and according to emission limit values laid down, for example, in the Council Directive 2000/76/EC on waste incineration plants.
NOTE 1 The limit values of this European Standard are expressed in mg HCl/m3, on dry basis, at the reference conditions of 273 K and 101,3 kPa and at the reference O2 concentration.
NOTE 2 The required uncertainty results from the capacity of the method tested in the field (Annex D) and in the laboratory (see performance characteristics in Tables 1 and 2 and Annex C).
- Standard46 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the general principles of certification, including common procedures and requirements, for the certification of air quality monitoring equipment (AQME).
This document applies to the certification of AQME for ambient air quality and emissions from stationary sources for which performance criteria and test procedures are available in European Standards.
This document provides for the certification of AQME according to the requirements of EN ISO/IEC 17065:2012.
This document elaborates and supplements the requirements of EN ISO/IEC 17065:2012 for bodies certifying AQME. It specifies requirements on testing laboratories as well as the manufacturer’s quality management system (QMS) and the surveillance for the manufacturing process as part of the certification process.
- Draft21 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the requirements for the manufacturer’s quality management system (QMS), the initial assessment of the manufacturer’s production control and the continuing surveillance of the effect of subsequent changes on the performance of certified air quality monitoring equipment (AQME).
This document also serves as a reference document for auditing the manufacturer’s QMS.
This document elaborates and supplements the requirements of EN ISO 9001:2015.
- Draft18 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the requirements for the manufacturer’s quality management system, the initial assessment of the manufacturer’s production control and the continuing surveillance of the effect of subsequent design changes on the performance of certified air quality monitoring equipment (AQME).
This document also serves as a reference document for auditing the manufacturer’s quality management system. This document elaborates and supplements the requirements of EN ISO 9001:2015.
- Draft18 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the general principles of certification, including common procedures and requirements, for the certification of air quality monitoring equipment (AQME).
This document applies to the certification of AQME for ambient air quality and emissions from stationary sources for which performance criteria and test procedures are available in European Standards.
This document provides for the certification of AQME according to the requirements of EN ISO/IEC 17065:2012.
This document elaborates and supplements the requirements of EN ISO/IEC 17065:2012 for bodies certifying AQME. It specifies requirements on testing laboratories as well as the manufacturer’s quality management system (QMS) and the surveillance for the manufacturing process as part of the certification process.
- Draft21 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies the general principles, including common procedures and requirements, for the product certification of automated measuring systems (AMS) for monitoring ambient air quality and emissions from stationary sources. This product certification consists of the following sequential stages:
a) performance testing of an automated measuring system;
b) initial assessment of the AMS manufacturer’s quality management system;
c) certification;
d) surveillance.
This European Standard applies to the certification of all AMS for monitoring ambient air quality and emissions from stationary sources for which performance criteria and test procedures are available in European Standards.
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies the requirements for the manufacturer’s quality management system, the initial assessment of the manufacturer’s production control and the continuing surveillance of the effect of subsequent design changes on the performance of certified automated measuring systems.
This European Standard also serves as a reference document for auditing the manufacturer’s quality management system.
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This Technical Specification supplements the requirements of EN ISO/IEC 17025:2005, and is suitable for the demonstration of competence of laboratories that undertake periodic measurement of emissions from stationary sources including
- the taking of representative samples of emissions and subsequent laboratory analysis for gases and for particulate species,
- the determination of reference quantities such as temperature, pressure, water vapour and oxygen content in the field and
- the use of portable instruments (such as hand held instruments and transportable instruments used in mobile laboratories) in the field.
This Technical Specification is applicable to all laboratories undertaking the periodic measurement of emissions from stationary sources, the calibration of installed automated measuring systems in accordance with EN 14181:2004 and/or the field testing of automated measuring systems for conformity assessment purposes.
- Technical specification42 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document gives recommendations and specifies requirements for the elaboration of standardised reference methods of measurement for the field of stationary source emissions by CEN/TC 264, with or without reference to accreditation. It aims at facilitating in the working groups the elaboration and the harmonisation of the standards produced by CEN/TC 264.
This document aims at ensuring that the specific requirements specified in CEN/TS 15675 are taken on board in the individual measurement standards either directly or by reference to EN 15259.
This document specifies terms and definitions for use in other air quality standards.
This document elaborates the CEN rules as given in CEN/BOSS and in the Internal Regulations Part 3 (PNE rules) in the field of stationary source emissions.
- Technical specification23 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document gives recommendations and specifies requirements for the elaboration of standardised reference methods of measurement for the field of stationary source emissions by CEN/TC 264, with or without reference to accreditation. It aims at facilitating in the working groups the elaboration and the harmonisation of the standards produced by CEN/TC 264.
This document aims at ensuring that the specific requirements specified in CEN/TS 15675 are taken on board in the individual measurement standards either directly or by reference to EN 15259.
This document specifies terms and definitions for use in other air quality standards.
This document elaborates the CEN rules as given in CEN/BOSS and in the Internal Regulations Part 3 (PNE rules) in the field of stationary source emissions.
- Technical specification23 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies the general principles, including common procedures and requirements, for the product certification of automated measuring systems (AMS) for monitoring ambient air quality and emissions from stationary sources. This product certification consists of the following sequential stages:
a) performance testing of an automated measuring system;
b) initial assessment of the AMS manufacturer’s quality management system;
c) certification;
d) surveillance.
This European Standard applies to the certification of all AMS for monitoring ambient air quality and emissions from stationary sources for which performance criteria and test procedures are available in European Standards.
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies the requirements for the manufacturer’s quality management system, the initial assessment of the manufacturer’s production control and the continuing surveillance of the effect of subsequent design changes on the performance of certified automated measuring systems.
This European Standard also serves as a reference document for auditing the manufacturer’s quality management system.
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This Technical Specification supplements the requirements of EN ISO/IEC 17025:2005, and is suitable for the demonstration of competence of laboratories that undertake periodic measurement of emissions from stationary sources including
- the taking of representative samples of emissions and subsequent laboratory analysis for gases and for particulate species,
- the determination of reference quantities such as temperature, pressure, water vapour and oxygen content in the field and
- the use of portable instruments (such as hand held instruments and transportable instruments used in mobile laboratories) in the field.
This Technical Specification is applicable to all laboratories undertaking the periodic measurement of emissions from stationary sources, the calibration of installed automated measuring systems in accordance with EN 14181:2004 and/or the field testing of automated measuring systems for conformity assessment purposes.
- Technical specification42 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
Amendments concerning definition, requirements, warning and rationale for small balls
- Standard87 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
Frequently Asked Questions
An EU Directive is a legislative act of the European Union that sets out goals that all EU member states must achieve. However, it is up to each member state to devise their own laws on how to reach these goals through national transposition. Directives are used to harmonize laws across the EU, particularly for the functioning of the single market.
Directive 2001/80/EC covers "Directive 2001/80/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2001 on the limitation of emissions of certain pollutants into the air from large combustion plants". There are 23 standards associated with this directive.
Harmonized standards under 2001/80/EC are European standards (ENs) developed by CEN, CENELEC, or ETSI in response to a mandate from the European Commission. When these standards are cited in the Official Journal of the European Union, products manufactured in conformity with them benefit from a presumption of conformity with the essential requirements of 2001/80/EC, facilitating CE marking and free movement within the European Economic Area.