SIST EN 1993-3-2:2007
(Main)Eurocode 3 - Design of steel structures - Part 3-2: Towers, masts and chimneys - Chimneys
Eurocode 3 - Design of steel structures - Part 3-2: Towers, masts and chimneys - Chimneys
This Part 3.2 of EN 1993 applies to the structural design of vertical steel chimneys of circular or conical section. It covers chimneys that are cantilevered, supported at intermediate levels or guyed.
Eurocode 3 - Bemessung und Konstruktion von Stahlbauten - Teil 3-2: Türme, Maste und Schornsteine - Schornsteine
1.1 Anwendungsbereich
(1) EN 1993-3-2 behandelt die Bemessung und Konstruktion vertikaler Stahlschorn¬steine mit zylindrischer oder konischer Form. Sie schließt Schornsteine ein, die als Kragsystem ausgebildet oder auf unterschied¬lichen Ebenen abgestützt oder abgespannt sind.
(2) Die Regeln in diesem Teil ergänzen die Regeln von EN 1993-1-1.
(3) Der Teil 3-2 befasst sich nur mit den Belangen der Beanspruchbarkeit (Festigkeit, Stabilität, Ermüdung) von Stahlschornsteinen.
ANMERKUNG In diesem Zusammenhang (Beanspruchbarkeit) bezieht sich der Begriff Schornstein auf:
a) Schornsteinkonstruktionen;
b) die zylindrischen Stahlbauteile von Türmen;
c) den zylindrischen Stahlschaft abgespannter Maste.
(4) Chemische Beanspruchung, thermodynami¬sches Verhalten und Wärmedämmung sind in EN 13084-1 geregelt, Bemessung und Konstruktion von Innenrohren in EN 13084-6.
(5) Stahlbetonfundamente für Stahlschornsteine werden in EN 1992 und EN 1997 behandelt. Siehe auch EN 13084-1, 4.7 und 5.4.
(6) Windlasten sind in EN 1991-1-4 geregelt.
ANMERKUNG Verfahren zur Berechnung der Windwirkungen auf abgespannte Schornsteine werden in EN 1993-3-1, Anhang B angegeben.
(7) Dieser Teil enthält keine besonderen Regeln für die Bemessung und Konstruktion im Hinblick auf Erd¬beben; diese sind in EN 1998-6 enthalten. Siehe auch EN 13084-1, 5.2.4.1.
(8) Regeln für Abspannungen und deren Anschlüsse sind in EN 1993-1-1 und in EN 1993-3-11 zu finden.
(9) Bei der Fertigung und Montage von Stahlschornsteinen sollten EN 1090-2 und EN 13084-1 beachtet werden.
ANMERKUNG Fertigung und Montage werden nur in dem Umfang behandelt, dass die Qualität der zur Verwendung vorgesehenen Werkstoffe und Bauprodukte für tragende Teile und die Qualität der Montage erkennbar wird, die für die Gültigkeit der Bemessungsregeln vorausgesetzt wurde.
(10) Folgende Themen werden in EN 1993-3-2 behandelt:
Abschnitt 1: Allgemeines;
Abschnitt 2: Grundlagen der Tragwerksplanung;
Abschnitt 3: Werkstoffe;
Eurocode 3 - Calcul des structures en acier - Partie 3-2: Tours, mâts et cheminées - Cheminées
(1) La présente Partie 3.2 de l'EN 1993 s'applique au calcul structural des cheminées verticales en acier a section circulaire ou conique. Elle couvre les cheminées en console, maintenues a des niveaux intermédiaires, ou haubanées.
(2) Les dispositions figurant dans la présente Partie completent celles données dans la Partie 1.1 de l'EN 1993.
(3) La présente Partie 3.2 ne concerne que les exigences de résistance (solidité, stabilité et fatigue) des cheminées en acier.
NOTE Dans ce contexte (c'est-a-dire résistance), le terme « 'cheminée »' fait référence :
a) aux structures de cheminées
b) aux éléments cylindriques en acier des tours
c) aux futs cylindriques en acier des mâts haubanés
(4) Pour les dispositions concernant les aspects tels que l'attaque chimique, le comportement thermodynamique ou l'isolation thermique, voir l'EN 13084-1. Pour le calcul des doublages, voir l'EN 13084-6.
(5) Les fondations en béton armé des cheminées en acier sont couvertes par l'EN 1992 et l'EN 1997. Voir également 4.7 et 5.4 de l'EN 13084-1.
(6) Les charges dues au vent sont déterminées selon l'EN 1991-1-4.
NOTE Les procédures applicables a la réponse au vent des cheminées haubanées sont décrites dans l'Annexe B de l'EN 1993-3-1.
(7) La présente Partie ne couvre pas les dispositions particulieres concernant le calcul sismique, qui sont données dans l'EN 1998-6. Voir également 5.2.4.1 de l'EN 13084-1.
(8) Des dispositions concernant les haubans et leurs attaches sont données dans l'EN 1993 3 1 et l'EN 1993 1 11.
(9) Pour l’exécution des cheminées en acier, on se reportera a l'EN 1090, Partie 2 et a l'EN 13084-1.
NOTE L’exécution est couverte dans la mesure nécessaire pour indiquer la qualité des matériaux et produits de construction qu’il convient de mettre en oeuvre, et le niveau d’exécution sur chantier requis pour satisfaire aux hypotheses des regles de calcul.
(10) Les sujets suivants sont traités dans l'EN 1993-3-2 :
Section 1 : Généralités
Evrokod 3: Projektiranje jeklenih konstrukcij – 3-2. del: Stolpi, jambori in dimniki - Dimniki
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 1993-3-2:2007
01-marec-2007
1DGRPHãþD
SIST ENV 1993-3-2:2001
Evrokod 3: Projektiranje jeklenih konstrukcij – 3-2. del: Stolpi, jambori in dimniki -
Dimniki
Eurocode 3 - Design of steel structures - Part 3-2: Towers, masts and chimneys -
Chimneys
Eurocode 3 - Bemessung und Konstruktion von Stahlbauten - Teil 3-2: Türme, Maste
und Schornsteine - Schornsteine
Eurocode 3 - Calcul des structures en acier - Partie 3-2: Tours, mâts et cheminées -
Cheminées
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 1993-3-2:2006
ICS:
91.010.30 7HKQLþQLYLGLNL Technical aspects
91.060.40 Dimniki, jaški, kanali Chimneys, shafts, ducts
91.080.10 Kovinske konstrukcije Metal structures
SIST EN 1993-3-2:2007 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 1993-3-2
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
October 2006
ICS 91.010.30; 91.060.40; 91.080.10 Supersedes ENV 1993-3-2:1997
English Version
Eurocode 3 - Design of steel structures - Part 3-2: Towers,
masts and chimneys - Chimneys
Eurocode 3 - Calcul des structures en acier - Partie 3-2: Eurocode 3 - Bemessung und Konstruktion von
Tours, mâts et cheminées - Cheminées Stahlbauten - Teil 3-2: Türme, Maste und Schornsteine -
Schornsteine
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 13 January 2006.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 1993-3-2:2006: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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EN 1993-3-2: 2006 (E)
Contents
1 General .5
1.1 Scope.5
1.2 Normative references .6
1.3 Assumptions.6
1.4 Distinction between principles and application rules.6
1.5 Terms and definitions.6
1.6 Symbols used in Part 3.2 of Eurocode 3 .9
2 Basis of design.9
2.1 Requirements.9
2.2 Principles of limit state design .10
2.3 Actions and environmental influences .10
2.4 Ultimate limit state verifications.12
2.5 Geometrical data .12
2.6 Durability .12
3 Materials .12
3.1 General .12
3.2 Structural steels .12
3.3 Connections.12
4 Durability .13
4.1 Allowance for corrosion.13
4.2 External corrosion allowance.13
4.3 Internal corrosion allowance .13
5 Structural analysis.14
5.1 Modelling of the chimney for determining action effects.14
5.2 Calculation of internal stress resultants and stresses.14
6 Ultimate limit states.16
6.1 General .16
6.2 Structural shells.17
6.3 Safety assessment of other structural elements of the chimney .18
6.4 Joints and connections.18
6.5 Welded connections .19
7 Serviceability limit states .19
7.1 Basis.19
7.2 Deflections .19
8 Design assisted by testing.20
9 Fatigue.20
9.1 General .20
9.2 Fatigue loading.21
9.3 High cycle fatigue resistances.21
9.4 Safety assessment.21
9.5 Partial factors for fatigue.22
Annex A [normative] – Reliability differentiation and partial factors for actions.23
A.1 Reliability differentiation for steel chimneys.23
A.2 Partial factors for actions.23
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EN 1993-3-2: 2006 (E)
Annex B [informative] – Aerodynamic and damping measures .24
B.1 General .24
B.2 Aerodynamic measures .24
B.3 Dynamic vibration absorber.25
B.4 Cables with damping devices.25
B.5 Direct damping.25
Annex C [informative] – Fatigue resistances and quality requirements .26
C.1 General .26
C.2 Enhancement of fatigue strength for special quality requirements .26
Annex D [informative] – Design assisted by testing .29
D.1 General .29
D.2 Definition of the logarithmic damping decrement .29
D.3 Procedure for measuring the logarithmic damping decrement.29
Annex E [informative] – Execution.30
E.1 General .30
E.2 Execution tolerances .30
E.3 Quality of welds and fatigue .30
3
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EN 1993-3-2: 2006 (E)
Foreword
This European Standard EN 1993-3-2, Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures: Part 3-2 Towers, masts and
chimneys – Chimneys, has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC250 « Structural Eurocodes »,
the Secretariat of which is held by BSI. CEN/TC250 is responsible for all Structural Eurocodes.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a National Standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2007 and conflicting National Standards shall be withdrawn
at latest by March 2010.
This Eurocode supersedes ENV 1993-3-2.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the National Standard Organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
National Annex for EN 1993-3-2
This standard gives alternative procedures, values and recommendations for classes with notes indicating
where national choices may have to be made. Therefore the National Standard implementing EN 1993-3-2
should have a National Annex containing all Nationally Determined Parameters to be used for the design of
steel structures to be constructed in the relevant country.
National choice is allowed in EN 1993-3-2 through paragraphs:
– 2.3.3.1(1)
– 2.3.3.5(1)
– 2.6(1)
– 4.2(1)
– 5.1(1)
– 5.2.1(3)
– 6.1(1)P
– 6.2.1(6)
– 6.4.1(1)
– 6.4.2(1)
– 6.4.3(2)
– 7.2(1)
– 7.2(2)
– 9.1(3)
– 9.1(4)
– 9.5(1)
– A.1(1)
– A.2(1) (2 places)
– C.2(1)
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EN 1993-3-2: 2006 (E)
1 General
1.1 Scope
(1) This Part 3.2 of EN 1993 applies to the structural design of vertical steel chimneys of circular or
conical section. It covers chimneys that are cantilevered, supported at intermediate levels or guyed.
(2) The provisions in this Part supplement those given in Part 1.1 of EN 1993.
(3) This Part 3.2 is concerned only with the requirement for resistance (strength, stability and fatigue) of
steel chimneys.
NOTE: In this context (i.e. resistance) the term chimney refers to:
a) chimney structures
b) the steel cylindrical elements of towers
c) the steel cylindrical shafts of guyed masts
(4) For provisions concerning aspects, such as chemical attack, thermo-dynamical performance or
thermal insulation see EN 13084-1. For the design of liners see EN 13084-6.
(5) Foundations in reinforced concrete for steel chimneys are covered in EN 1992 and EN 1997. See
also 4.7 and 5.4 of EN 13084-1.
(6) Wind loads are specified in EN 1991-1-4.
NOTE: Procedures for the wind response of guyed chimneys are given in annex B of EN 1993-3-1.
(7) This Part does not cover special provisions for seismic design, which are given in EN 1998-6. See
also 5.2.4.1 of EN 13084-1.
(8) Provisions for the guys and their attachments are given in EN 1993-3-1 and EN 1993-1-11.
(9) For the execution of steel chimneys, reference should be made to EN 1090, Part 2 and EN 13084-1.
NOTE: Execution is covered to the extent that is necessary to indicate the quality of the construction
materials and products that should be used and the standard of workmanship on site needed to comply with the
assumptions of the design rules.
(10) The following subjects are dealt with in EN 1993-3-2:
Section 1: General
Section 2: Basis of design
Section 3: Materials
Section 4: Durability
Section 5: Structural analysis
Section 6: Ultimate limit states
Section 7: Serviceability limit states
Section 8: Design assisted by testing
Section 9: Fatigue
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EN 1993-3-2: 2006 (E)
1.2 Normative references
(1) The following normative documents contain provisions which, through references in this text,
constitute provisions of this European standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or
revisions of any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this European
standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative
documents indicated below. For undated references the latest edition of the normative document referred to
applies.
EN 1090 Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures
EN 10025 Hot rolled products of non-alloy structural steels. Technical delivery conditions
EN 10088 Stainless steels
EN 13084-1 Free standing industrial chimneys – Part 1 : General Requirements
EN ISO 5817 Welding - Fusion-welded joints in steel, nickel, titanium and their alloys (beam welding
excluded) - Quality levels for imperfections
1.3 Assumptions
(1) See 1.3 of EN 1993-1-1.
1.4 Distinction between principles and application rules
(1) See 1.4 of EN 1993-1-1.
1.5 Terms and definitions
(1) The terms and definitions that are defined in EN 1990 for common use in the Structural Eurocodes
apply to this Part 3.2 of EN 1993.
(2) Supplementary to Part 1 of EN 1993, for the purposes of this Part 3.2, the following definitions
apply. Definitions used for chimney structures are shown in Figure 1.1.
1.5.1
chimney
Vertical construction works or building components that conduct waste gases, or other flue gases, supply or
exhaust air to the atmosphere.
1.5.2
self-supported chimney
A chimney whose supporting shaft is not connected with any other construction above the base level.
1.5.3
guyed chimney
A chimney whose supporting shaft is held in place by guys at one or more height levels.
1.5.4
single-wall chimney
A chimney whose structural shell also conducts the flue gases. It may be fitted by thermal insulation and/or
internal lining.
1.5.5
double-wall chimney
A chimney consisting of an outer steel structural shell and one inner liner which carries the flue gases.
6
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EN 1993-3-2: 2006 (E)
1.5.6
multi-flue chimney
A group of two or more chimneys structurally interconnected or a group of two or more liners within a
structural shell.
1.5.7
liner
The structural element (membrane) of the lining system, contained within the structural shell.
1.5.8
lining system
Total system, if any, which separates the flue gases from the structural shell. This comprises a liner and its
supports, the space between the liner and structural shell and insulation, where existing.
1.5.9
structural shell
The main load-bearing steel structure of the chimney, excluding any flanges.
1.5.10
aerodynamic device
A device fitted to the chimney to reduce vortex excitation without increasing the structural damping.
1.5.11
damping device
A device fitted to the chimney to reduce vortex excited oscillations by increasing the structural damping.
1.5.12
spoiler
A device attached to the surface of a chimney with the objective of reducing cross wind response.
1.5.13
helical strakes, shrouds or slats
Devices fitted to the outer surface of the chimney to reduce cross wind response.
1.5.14
base plate
A horizontal plate fixed to the base of a chimney.
1.5.15
anchor bolt
A bolt for the connection of the chimney to the foundation.
1.5.16
stiffening rings
Horizontal members to prevent ovalling and to hold the chimney shell round during fabrication and transport.
Horizontal members to provide stiffeners at cut outs and openings or possibly at changes in slope of the
structural shell.
7
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EN 1993-3-2: 2006 (E)
1 Cravat
2 Tundish
3 Access door
4 Drain pipe
5 Base or
bearing plate
6 Cope hood
7 Cap plate
8 Cope angle
9 Lateral
supports
10 Mineral wool
insulation
11 Liners
12 Jointing
flange
13 Structural
shell
14 Inlet
15 Liner base
16 Base cone
17 Compression
ring
18 Base stool
19 Anchor bolts
20 Possible
stiffening ring
21 Top cone
22 Helical
aerodynamic
stabilizers
23 Intermediate
cone
24 Jointing
flange
25 Splitter plate
26 Damping
device
27 Liner
28 Access hooks
29 Base plate
Multiflue chimney Single wall chimney Double wall chimney
Figure 1.1 Definitions used for Chimneys
8
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EN 1993-3-2: 2006 (E)
1.6 Symbols used in Part 3.2 of Eurocode 3
(1) In addition to those given in EN 1993-1-1 the following main symbols are used.
c corrosion allowance
N number of cycles
b diameter
d bolt diameter
h height
m slope
t time
w wind pressure
ref reference
crit critical value
ext external
F load
f fatigue
int internal
lat lateral (cross wind)
top top
R rupture
Temp temperature
λ equivalence factor
η factor to account for second order effects
(2) Further symbols are defined where they first occur.
2 Basis of design
2.1 Requirements
2.1.1 Basic Requirements
(1) See EN 1993-1-1.
(2)P A chimney shall be designed so that provided it is properly constructed and maintained it is capable
of satisfying the fundamental requirements specified in EN 1990 and in EN 13084-1.
(3) The structural design of guyed chimneys should be in accordance with the relevant clauses of
EN 1993-3-1 as well as this Part.
2.1.2 Reliability management
(1) Different levels of reliability may be adopted for the ultimate limit states verifications for chimneys,
depending on the possible economic and social consequences of their collapse.
NOTE: For the definition of different levels of reliability see Annex A.
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EN 1993-3-2: 2006 (E)
2.2 Principles of limit state design
(1) See 2.2 of EN 1993-1-1.
2.3 Actions and environmental influences
2.3.1 General
(1)P The general requirements of section 4 of EN 1990 shall be satisfied.
(2) The strength and stability of chimneys should be verified for the actions described in 2.3.2 and 2.3.3.
2.3.2 Permanent actions
(1) In calculating self-weight, the full thickness of steelwork should be considered, with no loss due to
corrosion.
(2) The permanent actions should include the estimated weight of all permanent structures and other
elements, including fittings, insulation, dust loads, clinging ash, coatings and other loads. The weight of the
chimney and its lining should be determined according to EN 1991-1-1 taking account of long-term effects
of fluids or moisture on the density of linings if relevant.
2.3.3 Variable actions
2.3.3.1 Imposed loads
(1) Imposed loads should be applied on platforms and railings.
NOTE 1: The National Annex may give information on imposed loads on platforms and railings. The
following characteristic values of imposed loads are recommended:
2
– Imposed loads on platforms: 2,0 kN/m (see also EN 13084-1) . (2.1a)
– Horizontal loads on railings: 0,5 kN/m . (2.1b)
NOTE 2: These loads may be assumed to act in the absence of other climatic loads.
2.3.3.2 Wind actions
(1) Wind action should be taken from EN 1991-1-4.
(2) Wind loads should be applied on the external surfaces of a chimney as a whole and on accessory
components, for example a ladder. Besides the drag forces due to the gusty wind acting in general in the
wind direction, forces due to vortex shedding that cause cross wind vibrations of a chimney should be
considered.
NOTE: For guyed chimneys see also Annex B to EN 1993-3-1.
(3) Other wind actions, for instance due to uneven wind pressure distribution (ovalling) or interference
effects, should be taken into account if the relevant criteria are exceeded, see 5.2.1.
(4) Actions caused by interference galloping or classical galloping should be assessed according to
EN 1991-1-4.
(5) If chimneys are predicted to be subject to excessive wind vibrations, measures may be taken to
reduce these in the design, or by installation of damping devices, see Annex B.
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EN 1993-3-2: 2006 (E)
2.3.3.3 Internal pressures
(1) If events are possible that may lead to abnormal under-pressure or to over-pressure, these cases
should be treated as accidental loads.
NOTE: The under-pressure may be determined, for example, from the gas flow velocity, the gas density, the
total resistance to flow and the ambient conditions, see EN 13084-1, Annex A.
2.3.3.4 Thermal actions
(1) The thermal action may be composed of a temperature uniformly distributed over the structure and
differential temperature action caused by meteorological and operational effects including those arising from
an imperfect gas flow.
(2) For meteorological thermal actions see EN 1991-1-5.
(3) Temperatures from operational effects and due to imperfect gas flow, should also be taken into
account, see EN 13084-1 and EN 13084-6.
2.3.3.5 Ice loads
(1) For chimneys that are likely to be subject to ice loading, the appropriate ice thicknesses, densities
and distributions should be determined.
NOTE 1: The National Annex may give further information on ice loading.
NOTE 2: See also 2.3.2 of EN 1993-3-1.
2.3.3.6 Seismic actions
(1) Seismic actions should be determined from EN 1998-6. See also EN 13084-1.
2.3.3.7 Fire
(1) The risk of a fire inside a chimney should be considered.
NOTE: Chimney fires may be caused by ignition of:
– unburned fuel carried over the associated boiler or furnace;
– unburned hydrocarbon carryover following a furnace tube rupture;
– soot and sulphur deposits; and
– any deposits, for example from textile industry, grease or condensates.
(2) The load bearing structure should not fail due to fire action, and any other parts near the chimney
should not be heated to their ignition temperature. If there is a risk of fire, appropriate fire proofing should
be provided. See EN 13084-6 and EN 13084-7.
2.3.3.8 Chemical actions
(1) For chemical actions see EN 13084-1.
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EN 1993-3-2: 2006 (E)
2.4 Ultimate limit state verifications
(1) For design values of actions and combination of actions see EN 1990.
(2) In addition to ultimate limit state and to fatigue assessment limiting amplitudes in the serviceability
limit state (see Section 7) may be relevant for design.
NOTE: For partial factors for ultimate limit states see Annex A.
2.5 Geometrical data
(1) The stiffnesses and strengths of the structural parts should be determined with nominal geometrical
data taking account of both corrosion allowances or temperature effects if relevant, see sections 3 and 5.
2.6 Durability
(1) Durability should be satisfied by complying with the fatigue assessment (see section 9) and
appropriate choice of the calculated shell thickness (see 4) and/or by appropriate corrosion protection. See
also section 4 of EN 1993-1-1.
NOTE: The National Annex may give information on the design service life of the structure. A service life of
30 years is recommended.
3 Materials
3.1 General
(1) See EN 1993-1-1, EN 1993-1-3 and EN 1993-1-4.
3.2 Structural steels
3.2.1 Material properties
(1) Due account should be taken of the variation of mechanical properties of the steels due to ambient
and operational temperatures, see 3.2.2(1).
(2) For temperatures exceeding 400°C the effects of temperature creep should be considered to avoid
creep rupture.
(3) For toughness requirements of structural steels see EN 1993-1-10.
3.2.2 Mechanical properties for structural carbon steels
(1) For the mechanical properties of structural carbon steels S 235, S 275, S 355, S 420, S 460 and for
weathering steel S 235, S 275, S 355 see EN 1993-1-1. For properties at higher temperatures see
EN 13084-7.
3.2.3 Mechanical properties of stainless steels
(1) For the mechanical properties related to stainless steels see EN 1993-1-4 valid for temperature up to
400°C. For properties at higher temperatures see EN 10088 and EN 13084-7.
3.3 Connections
(1) For connection material, welding consumables, etc., see EN 1993-1-8.
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EN 1993-3-2: 2006 (E)
4 Durability
4.1 Allowance for corrosion
(1) When allowance for corrosion is made for exposed surfaces, the calculations for the resistance and
fatigue should be based on the corroded thickness of the steel, unless the uncorroded thickness produces
more unfavourable stress conditions.
(2) Allowance for corrosion should be the sum of external (c ) and internal allowances (c ) as given
ext int
below. Where relevant these allowances should be applied in all or part of each 10 year period.
(3) This total allowance should be added to the thickness needed to satisfy the requirements for strength
and stability of the members.
4.2 External corrosion allowance
(1) External corrosion allowance should be appropriate to the environmental conditions.
NOTE: The National Annex may give values for the external allowance c . For normal environment the
ext
values in Table 4.1 are recommended.
Table 4.1 External corrosion allowance (c )
ext
Exposure time
Protection system
Each additional
First 10 years
10 years period
painted carbon steel (with no planned programme for repainting) 0 1 mm
painted carbon steel (with a planned programme for repainting) 0 0 mm
painted carbon steel protected by insulation and waterproof cladding 0 1 mm
unprotected carbon steel 1,5 mm 1 mm
unprotected weathering steel (see (3)) 0,5 mm 0,3 mm
unprotected stainless steel 0 0
unprotected inner surface of the structural shell and unprotected outer
surface of the liner in a double skin or multi-flue chimney (for carbon 0,2m
...
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