SIST EN 14961-6:2012
(Main)Solid biofuels - Fuel specifications and classes - Part 6: Nonwoody pellets for non-industrial use
Solid biofuels - Fuel specifications and classes - Part 6: Nonwoody pellets for non-industrial use
This European standard determines the fuel quality classes and specifications of non-woody pellets for nonindustrial use. This European standard covers only non-woody pellets produced from the following raw material (see EN 14961-1:2010, Table 1): - 2 Herbaceous biomass. - 3 Fruit biomass; - 4 Biomass blends and mixtures. Blends are intentionally mixed biofuels, whereas mixtures are unintentionally mixed biofuels. The origin of the blend and mixture has to be described using EN 14961-1:2010, Table 1. If solid biofuel blend or mixture contains chemically treated material, it shall be stated.
Feste Biobrennstoffe - Brennstoffspezifikationen und - klassen - Teil 6: Nicht-holzartige Pellets für nichtindustrielle Verwendung
Diese Europäische Norm legt die qualitätsbezogenen Brennstoffklassen und spezifikationen für nicht-holzartige Pellets für nichtindustrielle Verwendung fest. Die vorliegende Europäische Norm umfasst nur nicht-holzartige Pellets, die aus folgenden Rohmaterialien hergestellt wurden (siehe EN 14961 1:2010, Tabelle 1):
- 2 halmgutartige Biomasse;
ANMERKUNG 1 Halmgutartige Biomasse stammt von Pflanzen mit einem nicht-holzartigen Stängel, die am Ende der Wachstumssaison absterben. Dazu gehören Getreide oder Saatgutpflanzen aus der Lebensmittel verarbeitenden Industrie und deren Nebenprodukte, wie z. B. Getreidestroh.
- 3 Biomasse von Früchten;
- 4 definierte und undefinierte Mischungen von Biomasse.
ANMERKUNG 2 Gruppe 4 definierte und undefinierte Mischungen umfasst definierte und undefinierte Mischungen aus den auf der Herkunft beruhenden Hauptgruppen fester Biobrennstoffe holzartige Biomasse, halmgutartige Biomasse und Biomasse von Früchten.
Definierte Mischungen sind absichtlich gemischte Biobrennstoffe, während undefinierte Mischungen unabsichtlich gemischte Biobrennstoffe sind. Die Herkunft der definierten und undefinierten Mischungen sollte unter Anwendung von EN 14961 1:2010, Tabelle 1, beschrieben werden.
Wenn eine definierte oder undefinierte Mischung von festen Biobrennstoffen chemisch behandeltes Material enthält, sollte dies angegeben werden.
Biocombustibles solides - Classes et spécifications des combustibles - Partie 6: Granulés non ligneux à usage non industriel
La présente Norme européenne détermine les classes de qualité des combustibles et les spécifications des granulés non ligneux destinés à un usage non industriel. La présente Norme européenne ne couvre que les granulés non ligneux produits à partir des matières premières suivantes (voir l’EN 14961-1:2010, Tableau 1) :
- 2 biomasse herbacée ;
NOTE 1 La biomasse herbacée est extraite de plantes à tiges non ligneuses et se fanent à la fin de la saison de croissance. Elle inclut les graines ou les pédoncules provenant du secteur de la transformation alimentaire et leurs sous-produits, tels que les pailles de céréales :
- 3 biomasse fruitière ;
- 4 assortiments et mélanges de biomasses.
NOTE 2 Le groupe 4 Assortiments et mélanges comprend des assortiments et mélanges de biocombustibles solides issus des principaux groupes de biomasses ligneuse, herbacée et fruitière.
Les assortiments résultent du mélange intentionnel de différents biocombustibles tandis que les mélanges résultent d’une association non intentionnelle de différents biocombustibles. Il convient que l’origine de l'assortiment et du mélange soit décrite à l'aide du Tableau 1 de l'EN 14961-1:2010.
Si l’assortiment ou le mélange de biocombustibles solides contient des matériaux traités chimiquement, il convient de le mentionner.
Trdna biogoriva - Specifikacije goriv in razredi - 6. del: Nelesni peleti za neindustrijsko uporabo
Ta evropski standard določa kakovostne razrede goriva in specifikacije nelesnih peletov za neindustrijsko uporabo. Ta evropski standard zajema le nelesne pelete, izdelane iz naslednjih surovin (glejte preglednico 1 iz standard EN 14961-1:2010): – 2 zelnata biomasa; – 3 sadna biomasa; – 4 mešanice in zmesi iz biomase. Mešanice so namerno zmešana biogoriva, zmesi pa so nenamerno zmešana biogoriva. Poreklo mešanice in zmesi mora biti opisano na podlagi preglednice 1 iz standarda EN 14961-1:2010. Če mešanica ali zmes iz trdnega biogoriva vsebuje kemično obdelan material, je treba to navesti.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Trdna biogoriva - Specifikacije goriv in razredi - 6. del: Nelesni peleti za neindustrijsko uporaboFeste Biobrennstoffe - Brennstoffspezifikationen und - klassen - Teil 6: Nicht-holzartige Pellets für nichtindustrielle VerwendungBiocombustibles solides - Classes et spécifications des combustibles - Partie 6: Granulés non ligneux à usage non industrielSolid biofuels - Fuel specifications and classes - Part 6: Nonwoody pellets for non-industrial use75.160.10Trda gorivaSolid fuelsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 14961-6:2012SIST EN 14961-6:2012en,fr,de01-marec-2012SIST EN 14961-6:2012SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
SIST EN 14961-6:2012
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 14961-6
January 2012 ICS 75.160.10 English Version
Solid biofuels - Fuel specifications and classes - Part 6: Non-woody pellets for non-industrial use
Biocombustibles solides - Classes et spécifications des combustibles - Partie 6: Granulés non ligneux à usage non industriel
Feste Biobrennstoffe - Brennstoffspezifikationen und -klassen - Teil 6: Nicht-holzartige Pellets für nichtindustrielle Verwendung This European Standard was approved by CEN on 27 November 2011.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 14961-6:2012: ESIST EN 14961-6:2012
EN 14961-6:2012 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword .3Introduction .41 Scope .52 Normative references .53 Terms and definitions .64 Symbols and abbreviations .65 Specification of non-woody pellets for non-industrial use .7Annex A (informative)
A-deviations . 11Bibliography . 14 SIST EN 14961-6:2012
EN 14961-6:2012 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 14961-6:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 335 “Solid biofuels”, the secretariat of which is held by SIS. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by July 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by July 2012. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. The European standard series EN 14961, Solid biofuels Fuel specifications and classes are provided as a general requirements and additional product standards. Additional product standards may extend this series over time. EN 14961 consists of the following parts, under the general title Solid biofuels Fuel specifications and classes: Part 1: General requirements; Part 2: Wood pellets for non-industrial use; Part 3: Wood briquettes for non-industrial use; Part 4: Wood chips for non-industrial use; Part 5: Firewood for non-industrial use; Part 6: Non-woody pellets for non-industrial use. Although these product standards may be obtained separately, they require a general understanding of the standards based on and supporting EN 14961-1. It is recommended to obtain and use EN 14961-1 in conjunction with these standards.
NOTE
In these product standards, non-industrial use means - fuel intended to be used in smaller appliances, such as in households and small commercial and public sector buildings. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. SIST EN 14961-6:2012
EN 14961-6:2012 (E) 4 Introduction This European Standard for Solid biofuels Fuel specifications and classes Part 6: Non-woody pellets for non-industrial use has been produced by CEN/TC 335, "Solid Biofuels", Working group "Fuel specifications, classes and quality assurance". The objective of this European Standard is to provide unambiguous and clear classification principles for solid biofuels and to serve as a tool to enable efficient trading of biofuels and to enable good understanding between seller and buyer as well as a tool for communication with equipment manufacturers. It will also facilitate authority permission procedures and reporting. This European Standard is made to support the use of non-woody pellets in non-industrial situations and specifically for the domestic/householder markets and smaller commercial boiler situations, where sensitivity to the fuel quality can cause major issues. Non-woody pellets have high ash, chlorine, nitrogen and sulphur content and major element contents, so non-woody pellets are recommended to be used in appliances, which are specially designed or adjusted for this kind of pellet. These consumers need special consideration for the following reasons:
1) small-scale equipment does not usually have advanced controls and flue gas cleaning; 2) it is not generally managed by professional heating engineers; 3) they are often located in residential and populated districts. NOTE 1 Pellets produced according to this European Standard can be used in pellet burners tested according to EN 15270 and pellet boilers or integrated-pellet burner systems tested according to prEN 303-5 (< 500 kWth). NOTE 2 When using non-woody materials for combustion special attention should be paid to the risk of corrosion in small- and medium scale boilers and flue gas system. Be aware that for different types of herbaceous or fruit biomass growth under different conditions and soil type, may influence the fuel ash composition, e.g. in soil with a high phosphorus (P) content, potassium (K), that will capture chlorine (K will form K-phosphates instead of KCl) in the ash that will result in high hydrochloric emissions.
NOTE 3 In general non-woody biomass materials have higher content of ash forming elements and lower ash melting temperature compared to most wood based materials, which may result in slagging and deposit problems inside the boiler. These problems are especially related to materials that contain high content of potassium (K) and silicate (Si) and low content of calcium (Ca). SIST EN 14961-6:2012
EN 14961-6:2012 (E) 5 1 Scope This European standard determines the fuel quality classes and specifications of non-woody pellets for non-industrial use. This European standard covers only non-woody pellets produced from the following raw material (see EN 14961-1:2010, Table 1): 2 Herbaceous biomass. NOTE 1 Herbaceous biomass is from plants that have a non-woody stem and which die back at the end of the growing season. It includes grains or seeds crops from food processing industry and their by-products such as cereal straw: 3 Fruit biomass; 4 Biomass blends and mixtures. NOTE 2 Group 4 Blends and mixtures include blends and mixtures from the main origin-based solid biofuel groups woody, herbaceous biomass and fruit biomass. Blends are intentionally mixed biofuels, whereas mixtures are unintentionally mixed biofuels. The origin of the blend and mixture should be described using EN 14961-1:2010, Table 1. If solid biofuel blend or mixture contains chemically treated material, it should be stated. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this standard. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 14588:2010, Solid biofuels Terminology, definitions and descriptions EN 14774-1, Solid biofuels Determination of moisture content Oven dry method Part 1: Total moisture Reference method
EN 14774-2, Solid biofuels Determination of moisture content Oven dry method Part 2: Total moisture Simplified method
EN 14775, Solid biofuels Determination of ash content EN 14918, Solid biofuels Determination of calorific value EN 14961-1:2010, Solid biofuels Fuel specifications and classes Part 1: General requirements EN 15103, Solid biofuels Determination of bulk density EN 15104, Solid biofuels Determination of total content of carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen Instrumental methods EN 15210-1, Solid biofuels Determination of mechanical durability of pellets and briquettes Part 1: Pellets EN 15234-6, Solid biofuels Fuel quality assurance Part 6. Non-woody pellets for non-industrial use EN 15289, Solid biofuels Determination of total content of sulfur and chlorine SIST EN 14961-6:2012
EN 14961-6:2012 (E) 6 EN 15297, Solid biofuels Determination of minor elements As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, V and Zn CEN/TS 15370-1, Solid biofuels Method for the determination of ash melting behaviour Part 1: Characteristic temperatures method EN 16127, Solid biofuels Determination of length and diameter of pellets 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 14588:2010 and the following apply. 3.1 non-woody pellet densified non-woody biofuel made from pulverised (e.g. ground) biomass with or without additives usually with a cylindrical form diameter < 25 mm, random length and typically 3,15 mm to 40 mm with broken ends, obtain by mechanical compression NOTE The raw material for non-woody pellets can be herbaceous biomass, fruit biomass, or biomass blends and mixtures. They are usually manufactured in a die with a total moisture content usually less than 15 % of their mass. 3.2 additive material which improves the quality of the fuel (e.g. combustion properties), reduces emissions or makes production more efficient 3.3 chemical treatment treatment with chemicals other than air, water or heat NOTE Examples of chemical treatment are listed in informative Annex C of EN 14961-1:2010. 4 Symbols and abbreviations The symbols and abbreviations used in this European Standard comply with the SI system of units as far as possible. d
dry (dry basis) ar as received w-% weight-percentage A designation for ash content, Ad [w-%, dry basis]1) BD designation for bulk density as received [kg/m3]1) D designation for diameter as received, D [mm]1) DU designation for mechanical durability as received [w-%]1) F designation for amount of fines as received [w-%, particles less than 3,15 mm]1)
1) Designation symbols are used in combination with a number to specify property levels in Tables 1 and 2. For designation of chemical properties chemical symbols like S (sulphur), Cl (chlorine), N (nitrogen) are used and the value is added at the end of the symbol. SIST EN 14961-6:2012
EN 14961-6:2012 (E) 7 L designation for length as received, L [mm]1) M designation for moisture content as received on wet basis, Mar [w-%]1) Q designation for net calorific value as received, qp,net,ar [MJ/kg or kWh/kg or MWh/t] at constant pressure1) NOTE 1 MJ/kg equals 0,277 8 kWh/kg (1 kWh/kg equals 1 MWh/t and 1 MWh/t is 3,6 MJ/kg). 1 g/cm3 equals 1 kg/dm3. 5 Specification of non-woody pellets for non-industrial use Specifications of the non-woody pellets from cereal straw, Miscanthus and reed canary grass are stated in accordance with Table 1. Specification of non-woody pellets produced from other herbaceous biomass, fruit biomass and blends and mixtures are stated in accordance with Table 2. The sampling and analysis of the properties shall be carried out in accordance with the methods mentioned in the normative references. Chemical treatment before harvesting of biomass does not need to be stated. Where any operator in the fuel supply chain has reason to suspect serious contamination of land (e.g. coal slag heaps) or if planting has been used specifically for the sequestration of chemicals or biomass is f
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