SIST EN 16472:2014
(Main)Plastics - Method for artificial accelerated photoageing using medium pressure mercury vapour lamps
Plastics - Method for artificial accelerated photoageing using medium pressure mercury vapour lamps
EN 16472 specifies a method for carrying out accelerated photoageing of test specimens by exposing them to medium pressure filtered mercury vapour lamp as light source, under controlled temperature conditions.
Kunststoffe - Verfahren zur künstlich beschleunigten Alterung bei Verwendung von Quecksilberdampflampen
Diese europäische Norm legt ein Verfahren zur künstlich beschleunigten Alterung von Probekörpern durch deren Aussetzen einer gefilterten Strahlung der Mitteldruck-Quecksilberdampflampe als Strahlungsquelle bei geregelten Temperaturbedingungen fest.
Plastiques - Méthode de photovieillissement artificiel accéléré utilisant des lampes à vapeur de mercure à moyenne pression
La présente Norme européenne spécifie une méthode permettant de soumettre des éprouvettes à un photovieillissement artificiel accéléré en les exposant à une lampe à vapeur de mercure à moyenne pression filtrée en tant que source lumineuse, dans des conditions de température contrôlées.
Polimerni materiali - Metoda za pospešeno umetno staranje z uporabo živosrebrne svetilke s srednjim parnim tlakom
Standard EN 16472 določa metodo za pospešeno umetno staranje preskušancev z uporabo živosrebrne svetilke s srednjim parnim tlakom kot vira svetlobe pri nadzorovanih temperaturnih pogojih.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Polimerni materiali - Metoda za pospešeno umetno staranje z uporabo živosrebrne svetilke s srednjim parnim tlakomKunststoffe - Verfahren zur künstlich beschleunigten Alterung bei Verwendung von QuecksilberdampflampenPlastiques - Méthode de photovieillissement artificiel accéléré utilisant des lampes à vapeur de mercure à moyenne pressionPlastics - Method for artificial accelerated photoageing using medium pressure mercury vapour lamps83.080.01Polimerni materiali na splošnoPlastics in generalICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 16472:2014SIST EN 16472:2014en,fr,de01-junij-2014SIST EN 16472:2014SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
SIST EN 16472:2014
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 16472
April 2014 ICS 83.080.01 English Version
Plastics - Method for artificial accelerated photoageing using medium pressure mercury vapour lamps
Plastiques - Méthode de photovieillissement artificiel accéléré utilisant des lampes à vapeur de mercure à moyenne pression
Kunststoffe - Verfahren zur künstlich beschleunigten Alterung bei Verwendung von Quecksilberdampflampen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 8 February 2014.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 16472:2014 ESIST EN 16472:2014
EN 16472:2014 (E) 2 Contents Page
Foreword .3 Introduction .4 1 Scope .5 2 Normative references .5 3 Terms and definitions .5 4 General .5 5 Apparatus .6 5.1 Laboratory light source .6 5.2 Test chamber .8 5.3 Specimen holders .9 5.4 Radiometer .9 5.5 Temperature sensor .9 5.6 Temperature controller .9 5.7 Optional facilities . 10 6 Test specimens . 10 7 Exposure conditions . 10 7.1 Radiation . 10 7.2 Temperature . 10 7.3 Optional facilities . 10 8 Procedure . 10 8.1 Verification of the apparatus . 10 8.2 Mounting the test specimens . 11 8.3 Exposure . 11 8.4 Measurement of radiant exposure . 11 8.5 Determination of changes in properties after exposure . 11 9 Test report . 11 Annex A (informative)
Additional filtering of lamp UV radiations . 13 A.1 Additional filtering of UVB radiations for chromophoric polymers exposed to outdoor conditions . 13 A.2 Additional filtering of UV radiations for polymers exposed to indoor conditions . 14 Annex B (informative)
Temperature control during photoageing . 15 Bibliography . 16
SIST EN 16472:2014
EN 16472:2014 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 16472:2014) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 249 “Plastics”, the secretariat of which is held by NBN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2014 and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by October 2014. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. SIST EN 16472:2014
EN 16472:2014 (E) 4 Introduction When a polymeric material is exposed to natural UV radiation and other moderate environmental stresses, the change in most physical properties is attributable to chemical ageing, and the extent of the chemical changes can be related to the duration of the exposure under natural outdoor weathering conditions. This method attempts to maximize the acceleration of photoageing using elevated UV irradiance and temperature that still keep the fundamental photoageing mechanism equivalent to that found in natural ageing. Temperature increase above the natural level should be limited so that the photothermal transformation exceeds any pure thermal conversion. A medium pressure mercury lamp, with radiations of wavelength lower than 290 nm properly filtered out, gives a relevant source with high UV emission intensity and low IR emission. One of the main interests in use of artificial accelerated photoageing tests is to able to provide a relevant lifetime estimate of polymeric materials exposed in natural outdoor conditions. The relevance of artificial ageing can be determined by comparing the chemical changes that occur in the accelerated test to those that occur in natural weathering (see ISO 10640). Kinetic analysis is recommended to determine the rate of degradation under different conditions of ageing in order to rank different formulations or to determine the range of acceleration possible for an artificial ageing test compared to a given natural outdoor weathering exposure (without distortion of the photodegradation mechanism of the polymer). Chemical changes control the degradation of mechanical properties and contribute to changes in the visual appearance of polymer materials during photoageing. These chemical changes may be analysed primarily by IR spectroscopy, with additional analyses using UV/visible spectroscopy during the photoageing of polymers. SIST EN 16472:2014
EN 16472:2014 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard specifies a method for carrying out artificial accelerated photoageing of test specimens by exposing them to medium pressure filtered mercury vapour lamp as light source, under controlled temperature conditions. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN ISO 4892-1:2000, Plastics — Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources — Part 1: General guidance (ISO 4892-1:1999) ISO 4582, Plastics — Determination of changes in colour and variations in properties after exposure to daylight under glass, natural weathering or laboratory light sources ISO 9370, Plastics — Instrumental determination of radiant exposure in weathering tests — General guidance and basic test method ISO 10640, Plastics — Methodology for assessing polymer photoageing by FTIR and UV/visible spectroscopy 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 control material which is of similar composition and construction to the test material and which is exposed at the same time for comparison with the test material Note 1 to entry: An example of the use of a control material would be when a formulation different from one currently being used is being evaluated. In that case, the control would be the plastic made with the original formulation. [SOURCE: EN ISO 4892-1:2000] 3.2 reference material material of known performance 4 General When correctly powered and maintained, the plasma of a medium pressure mercury arc discharge emits mainly UV and the visible radiation. This lamp allows the acceleration of the photochemical process by high UV irradiance without high infrared emission. Specimens of the samples to be tested are exposed to the laboratory light source under controlled temperature condition. The temperature activates the photochemical process. SIST EN 16472:2014
EN 16472:2014 (E) 6 Optionally, the samples can be exposed to immersion and/or dark periods. The design of the equipment shall achieve the appropriate specifications as well as the UV irradiance (radiant exposure) and temperature set points. For comparing the performance of the test material to that of the control, it is recommended that at least one control be exposed during each test. 5 Apparatus 5.1 Laboratory light source 5.1.1 General Medium pressure mercury vapour lamps consist of a quartz burner filled with a mixture of gas and mercury where the discharge takes place, the burner being located in a borosilicate bulb. These lamps are available in different power categories. The radiation they emit consists of lines of variable intensity within the range from 250 nm to 800 nm. Irradiance at wavelengths shorter than 290 nm is filtered out by the bulb. Therefore only lines at wavelength 297 nm, 302 nm, 313 nm, 334 nm, 365 nm, 391 nm, 405 nm, 436 nm, 492 nm, 547 nm and 579 nm remain. SIST EN 16472:2014
EN 16472:2014 (E) 7 A typical filtered spectrum of a medium pressure mercury vapour lamp is shown in Figure 1.
Key X wavelength, nm Y spectral irradiance, mW·m-2·nm-1 Figure 1 — Typical spectrum of a filtered medium pressure mercury vapour lamp The filtered light emitted by a medium pressure mercury-arc does not simulate full spectrum sunlight but can be used to investigate photochemical phenomena. The relevancy to outdoor data shall be carefully considered. The only requirement is a relevant control of the chemical change in the solid state under polychromatic light. Additional optical filters may be used for specific applications. Annex A provides information on additional filtering of lamp UV radiations. Ensure the lamp has been pre-aged for 100 h prior to use, since the transmittance spectrum of borosilicate bulb may change significantly during this initial period. NOTE Commonly, the light output (intensity and wavelength) does not vary more than 20 % during the lifetime of the lamps (see 5.4 or 8.1). 5.1.2 Spectral irradiance of medium pressure mercury vapour lamps The minimum and maximum levels of the relative spectral irradiance in the UV region are given in Table 1. SIST EN 16472:2014
EN 16472:2014 (E) 8 Table 1 — Relative spectral irradiance of medium pressure mercury vapour lamps Spectral passband ( = wavelength in nm) Relative spectral irradiance a b c Minimum % Maximum % 290 ≤
≤ 300 0,0 2,0 300 <
≤ 320 5,0 20,0 320 <
≤ 360 8,0 14,0 360 <
≤ 380 46,0 61,0 380 <
≤ 400 1,0 5,0 400 <
≤ 420 14,0 25,0 a This table gives the irradiance in the given passband, expressed as a percentage of the total irradiance between 290 nm and 420 nm. To determine whether a mercur
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2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Polimerni materiali - Metoda za umetno staranje z živosrebrno žarnicoKunststoffe - Verfahren zur künstlich beschleunigten Alterung bei Verwendung von QuecksilberdampflampenPlastiques - Méthode de photovieillissement artificiel accéléré utilisant des lampes à vapeur de mercure à moyenne pressionPlastics - Method for artificial accelerated photoageing using medium pressure mercury vapour lamps83.080.01Polimerni materiali na splošnoPlastics in generalICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:FprEN 16472kSIST FprEN 16472:2014en,fr,de01-januar-2014kSIST FprEN 16472:2014SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
kSIST FprEN 16472:2014
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
FINAL DRAFT
FprEN 16472
November 2013 ICS 83.080.01 English Version
Plastics - Method for artificial accelerated photoageing using medium pressure mercury vapour lamps
Plastiques - Méthode de photovieillissement artificiel accéléré utilisant des lampes à vapeur de mercure à moyenne pression
Kunststoffe - Verfahren zur künstlich beschleunigten Alterung bei Verwendung von Quecksilberdampflampen This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for formal vote. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 249.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. FprEN 16472:2013 EkSIST FprEN 16472:2014
FprEN 16472:2013 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword . 3 Introduction . 4 1 Scope . 5 2 Normative references . 5 3 Terms and definitions . 5 4 General . 5 5 Apparatus . 6 5.1 Laboratory light source . 6 5.2 Test chamber . 8 5.3 Specimen holders . 9 5.4 Radiometer . 9 5.5 Temperature sensor . 9 5.6 Temperature controller . 9 5.7 Optional facilities . 10 6 Test specimens . 10 7 Exposure conditions . 10 7.1 Radiation . 10 7.2 Temperature . 10 7.3 Optional facilities . 10 8 Procedure . 10 8.1 Verification of the apparatus . 10 8.2 Mounting the test specimens . 11 8.3 Exposure . 11 8.4 Measurement of radiant exposure . 11 8.5 Determination of changes in properties after exposure . 11 9 Test report . 12 Annex A (informative)
Additional filtering of lamp UV radiations . 13 Annex B (informative)
Temperature control during photoageing . 15 Bibliography. 16
kSIST FprEN 16472:2014
FprEN 16472:2013 (E) 3 Foreword This document (FprEN 16472:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 249 “Plastics”, the secretariat of which is held by NBN. This document is currently submitted to the Formal Vote. kSIST FprEN 16472:2014
FprEN 16472:2013 (E) 4 Introduction When a polymeric material is exposed to natural UV radiation and other moderate environmental stresses, the change in most physical properties is attributable to chemical ageing, and the extent of the chemical changes can be related to the duration of the exposure under natural outdoor weathering conditions. This method attempts to maximize the acceleration of photoageing using elevated UV irradiance and temperature that still keep the fundamental photoageing mechanism equivalent to that found in natural ageing. Temperature increase above the natural level should be limited so that the photothermal transformation exceeds any pure thermal conversion. A medium pressure mercury lamp, with radiations of wavelength lower than 290 nm properly filtered out, gives a relevant source with high UV emission intensity and low IR emission. One of the main interests in use of artificial accelerated photoageing tests is to able to provide a relevant lifetime estimate of polymeric materials exposed in natural outdoor conditions. The relevance of artificial ageing can be determined by comparing the chemical changes that occur in the accelerated test to those that occur in natural weathering (see ISO 10640). Kinetic analysis is recommended to determine the rate of degradation under different conditions of ageing in order to rank different formulations or to determine the range of acceleration possible for an artificial ageing test compared to a given natural outdoor weathering exposure (without distortion of the photodegradation mechanism of the polymer). Chemical changes control the degradation of mechanical properties and contribute to changes in the visual appearance of polymer materials during photoageing. These chemical changes may be analysed primarily by IR spectroscopy, with additional analyses using UV/visible spectroscopy during the photoageing of polymers. kSIST FprEN 16472:2014
FprEN 16472:2013 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard specifies a method for carrying out artificial accelerated photoageing of test specimens by exposing them to medium pressure filtered mercury vapour lamp as light source, under controlled temperature conditions. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN ISO 4892-1:2000, Plastics — Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources — Part 1: General guidance (ISO 4892-1:1999) ISO 4582, Plastics — Determination of changes in colour and variations in properties after exposure to daylight under glass, natural weathering or laboratory light sources ISO 9370, Plastics — Instrumental determination of radiant exposure in weathering tests — General guidance and basic test method ISO 10640, Plastics — Methodology for assessing polymer photoageing by FTIR and UV/visible spectroscopy 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 control material which is of similar composition and construction to the test material and which is exposed at the same time for comparison with the test material Note 1 to entry: An example of the use of a control material would be when a formulation different from one currently being used is being evaluated. In that case, the control would be the plastic made with the original formulation. [SOURCE: EN ISO 4892-1:2000] 3.2 reference material material of known performance 4 General When correctly powered and maintained, the plasma of a medium pressure mercury arc discharge emits mainly UV and the visible radiation. This lamp allows the acceleration of the photochemical process by high UV irradiance without high infrared emission. Specimens of the samples to be tested are exposed to the laboratory light source under controlled temperature condition. The temperature activates the photochemical process. kSIST FprEN 16472:2014
FprEN 16472:2013 (E) 6 Optionally, the samples can be exposed to immersion and/or dark periods. The design of the equipment shall achieve the appropriate specifications as well as the UV irradiance (radiant exposure) and temperature set points. For comparing the performance of the test material to that of the control, it is recommended that at least one control be exposed during each test. 5 Apparatus 5.1 Laboratory light source 5.1.1 General Medium pressure mercury vapour lamps consist of a quartz burner filled with a mixture of gas and mercury where the discharge takes place, the burner being located in a borosilicate bulb. These lamps are available in different power categories. The radiation they emit consists of lines of variable intensity within the range from 250 nm to 800 nm. Irradiance at wavelengths shorter than 290 nm is filtered out by the bulb. Therefore only lines at wavelength 297 nm, 302 nm, 313 nm, 334 nm, 365 nm, 391 nm, 405 nm, 436 nm, 492 nm, 547 nm and 579 nm remain. A typical filtered spectrum of a medium pressure mercury vapour lamp is shown in Figure 1. kSIST FprEN 16472:2014
FprEN 16472:2013 (E) 7
Key X wavelength, nm Y spectral irradiance, mW/m2.nm Figure 1 — Typical spectrum of a filtered medium pressure mercury vapour lamp The filtered light emitted by a medium pressure mercury-arc does not simulate full spectrum sunlight but can be used to investigate photochemical phenomena. The relevancy to outdoor data shall be carefully considered. The only requirement is a relevant control of the chemical change in the solid state under polychromatic light. Additional optical filters may be used for specific applications. Annex A provides information on additional filtering of lamp UV radiations. Ensure the lamp has been pre-aged for 100 h prior to use, since the transmittance spectrum of borosilicate bulb may change significantly during this initial period. NOTE Commonly, the light output (intensity and wavelength) does not vary more than 20 % during the lifetime of the lamps (see 5.4 or 8.1). 5.1.2 Spectral irradiance of medium pressure mercury vapour lamps The minimum and maximum levels of the relative spectral irradiance in the UV region are given in Table 1. kSIST FprEN 16472:2014
FprEN 16472:2013 (E) 8 Table 1 — Relative spectral irradiance of medium pressure mercury vapour lamps Spectral passband ( = wavelength in nm) Relative spectral irradiance a b c Minimum % Maximum % 290 ≤
≤ 300 0,0 2,0 300 <
≤ 320 5,0 20,0 320 <
≤ 360 8,0 14,0 360 <
≤ 380 46,0 61,0 380 <
≤ 400 1,0 5,0 400 <
≤ 420 14,0 25,0 a This table gives the irradiance in the given passband, expressed as a percentage of the total irradiance between 290 nm and 420 nm. To determine whether a mercury vapour lamp meets the requirements of this table, the spectral irradiance shall be measured from 250 nm to 420 nm. The total irradiance in each wavelength passband is then summed and divided by the total irradiance from 290 nm to 420 nm. b The minimum and maximum limits in this table are based on a round robin test performed by five laboratories on several lamps from three suppliers, by using different spectroradiometers. The spectroradiometers shall be calibrated and shall have a FWHM (full width at half maximum) resolution ≤ 2,5 nm. c The
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