SIST-TP CEN/TR 16690:2014

Electronic fee collection - Guidelines for EFC applications based on in-vehicle ITS stations

This Technical Report (TR) contains an analysis of the technical and operational feasibility of using a generic ITS Station as specified in ETSI EN 302 665, Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Communications Architecture, for EFC applications compliant to the requirements specified in ISO 17573, EN ISO 12855, CEN ISO/TS 17575 (all parts), EN ISO 14906, EN 15509, CEN ISO/TS 12813, CEN ISO/TS 13141 and CEN/TS 16439.
The scope of this Technical Report includes:
-   description of the context of Cooperative ITS and the ITS Stations;
-   providing details of the context of EFC applications;
-   outlining the basic architectural concepts and role model of both EFC and Cooperative ITS;
-   identification of core requirement areas for operation of an EFC application on an ITS Station;
-   specification of a set of recommendations for functional, operational and security requirements to the ITS Station supporting the EFC application(s);
-   description of a possible role model in which the roles known in EFC applications make use of the roles in the C-ITS system in order to provide EFC services in an C-ITS context;
-   provision of considerations in particular areas of EFC like certification and governances;
-   guideless and recommendations for further standardization work in this area;
-   emphasising on security related elements of EFC that need to be considered in a C-ITS environment.
The scope of this Technical Report is limited to in-vehicle ITS Stations. However, an EFC service always requires the involvement of in-vehicle and central functionalities. Furthermore, for enforcement purposes as well as in DSRC based toll domains for toll charging purposes also, it is essential that road-side based functions are provided and operated. In order to facilitate EFC services a set of functionalities, tasks and responsibilities are defined and specified in an EFC role model (ISO 17573). These functionalities, tasks and responsibilities are shared between the roles Toll Charger, Toll Service Provider, Road User and Interoperability Management. All these roles interact with each other. As a consequence this Technical Report provides in various areas explanations that are beyond the in-vehicle environment. This is required in order to present the full environment and context. It keeps the readability of this document at a sound level and provides valuable information to those readers which are not yet familiar with EFC in detail.
Outside the scope of this Technical Report is:
-   detailed technical specifications for EFC services and applications on C-ITS systems;
-   implementation specific elements.

Leitfaden zur elektronischen Gebührenerhebung (EFC) - Anwendungen basierend auf fahrzeuginternen ITS Stationen

Perception de télépéage - Lignes directrices concernant les applications de perception de télépéage basées sur des stations de systèmes de transport intelligents embarquées à bord des véhicules

Elektronsko pobiranje pristojbin (EFC) - Smernice za aplikacije EFC na podlagi v vozila vgrajenih postaj ITS

To tehnično poročilo vsebuje analizo tehnične in obratovalne izvedljivosti uporabe splošne postaje ITS, kot je opredeljeno v standardu ETSI EN 302 665, Inteligentni transportni sistemi (ITS), Komunikacijska arhitektura, za aplikacije EFC, skladne z zahtevami iz standardov ISO 17573, EN ISO 12855, CEN ISO/TS 17575 (vsi deli), EN ISO 14906, EN 15509, CEN ISO/TS 12813, CEN ISO/TS 13141 in CEN/TS 16439.
Področje uporabe tega tehničnega poročila vključuje:
– opis konteksta kooperativnega ITS in postaj ITS;
– zagotavljanje podrobnosti o kontekstu aplikacij EFC;
– pregled osnovnih arhitekturnih pojmov ter modela vlog EFC in kooperativnega ITS;
– opredelitev ključnih področij zahtev za obratovanje aplikacije EFC na postaji ITS;
– specifikacijo sklopa priporočil za funkcijske, obratovalne in varnostne zahteve za postajo ITS, ki podpirajo aplikacije EFC;
– opis možnega modela vlog, v katerih vloge, znane v aplikacijah EFC, izkoriščajo vloge v sistemu C-ITS za zagotavljanje storitev EFC v kontekstu C-ITS;
– zagotavljanje vprašanj pri posameznih področjih EFC, kot sta certificiranje in upravljanje;
– smernice in priporočila za dodatno standardizacijsko delo na tem področju;
– izpostavljanje elementov EFC, povezanih z varnostjo, ki jih je treba obravnavati v okolju C-ITS;
Obseg tega tehničnega poročila je omejen na v vozila vgrajene postaje ITS. Vendar storitev EFC vedno zahteva vključenost funkcij v vozilu in centralnih funkcij. Poleg tega je za namene izvrševanja in tudi v domenah pristojbin na podlagi DSRC za namene pobiranja pristojbin bistveno, da se zagotovijo ter upravljajo funkcije ob cesti. Da se olajša izvajanje storitev EFC, se določi in opredeli sklop funkcij, nalog in odgovornosti v modelu vlog EFC (standard ISO 17573). Te funkcije, naloge in odgovornosti si delijo vloge Pobiralec pristojbin, Izvajalec storitve pobiranja pristojbin, Uporabnik ceste in Vodstvo medobratovalnosti. Vse te vloge medsebojno vplivajo druga na drugo. Posledično to tehnično poročilo na različnih področjih zagotavlja razlage, ki presegajo okolje v vozilu. To je potrebno za predstavitev popolnega okolja in konteksta. Tako se ohranja dobra berljivost dokumenta in zagotavljajo dragocene informacije za tiste bralce, ki še niso podrobno seznanjeni z EFC.
Področje uporabe tega tehničnega poročila ne vključuje:
– podrobnih tehničnih specifikacij za storitve EFC in aplikacije na sistemih C-ITS;
– elementov, specifičnih za izvajanje.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Public Enquiry End Date: 30-Mar-2014
• Publication Date: 09-Nov-2014
• ICS: 35.240.60 - IT applications in transport
• Technical Committee: ITC - Information technology
• Current Stage: 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 31-Jul-2014
• Due Date: 05-Oct-2014
• Completion Date: 10-Nov-2014
• Directive: 2004/52/EC - Interoperability of electronic road toll systems in the Community
• Mandate: M/338 - Standardisation mandate to CEN, CENELEC and ETSI in support of interoperabilty of electonic road toll systems in the community
• Mandate: M/453 - Standardisation mandate addressed to CEN, CENELEC and ETSI in the field of information and communication technologies to support the interoperability of co-operative for intelligent transport in the european community
• Ref Project: CEN/TR 16690:2014 - Electronic fee collection - Guidelines for EFC applications based on in-vehicle ITS stations

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST-TP CEN/TR 16690:2014
01-december-2014
Elektronsko pobiranje pristojbin (EFC) - Smernice za aplikacije EFC na podlagi v
vozila vgrajenih postaj ITS
Electronic fee collection - Guidelines for EFC applications based on in-vehicle ITS
stations
Leitfaden zur elektronischen Gebührenerhebung (EFC) - Anwendungen basierend auf
fahrzeuginternen ITS Stationen
Perception de télépéage - Lignes directrices concernant les applications de perception
de télépéage basées sur des stations de systèmes de transport intelligents embarquées
à bord des véhicules
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TR 16690:2014
ICS:
35.240.60 Uporabniške rešitve IT v IT applications in transport
transportu in trgovini and trade
SIST-TP CEN/TR 16690:2014 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST-TP CEN/TR 16690:2014

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SIST-TP CEN/TR 16690:2014

TECHNICAL REPORT
CEN/TR 16690

RAPPORT TECHNIQUE

TECHNISCHER BERICHT
July 2014
ICS 35.240.60
English Version
Electronic fee collection - Guidelines for EFC applications based
on in-vehicle ITS stations
Perception de télépéage - Lignes directrices pour les Elektronische Gebührenerhebung - Richtlinien für
applications de télépéage installées dans les stations de Anwendungen der Elektronischen Gebührenerhebung
systèmes de transport intelligents (ITS) embarquées dans basierend auf fahrzeuginternen IVS Geräten
les véhicules


This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 10 May 2014. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 278.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.





EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TR 16690:2014 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

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Contents Page
Foreword .5
Introduction .6
1 Scope .8
2 Normative references .8
3 Terms and definitions .9
4 Symbols and abbreviations . 12
5 Context of C-ITS . 13
5.1 Definition of C-ITS. 13
5.1.1 Introduction . 13
5.1.2 The European Commission basic definition . 14
5.1.3 The vehicle active safety viewpoint . 14
5.1.4 The CEN/ETSI/ISO definition . 14
5.2 C-ITS role model and business architecture . 15
5.2.1 Role model . 15
5.2.2 Business architecture . 17
5.3 Technical architecture . 19
5.3.1 ITS Station architecture . 19
5.3.2 ITS communication access technologies . 20
5.3.3 Application provisioning and life cycle management. 22
5.3.4 Security . 23
5.4 Legal aspects and background . 23
5.4.1 European action plan and directive for ITS . 23
5.4.2 User privacy and data protection . 24
5.4.3 Liabilities regarding application performance / suitability for use . 24
5.5 Overview of standardization activities . 24
5.5.1 Introduction . 24
5.5.2 Basic set of ITS applications . 25
5.5.3 CEN/TC 278/WG 16 on cooperative systems . 26
5.5.4 ISO/TC 204/WG 18 on cooperative systems . 26
5.5.5 ISO/TC 204/WG 16 on wide area communications/protocols and interfaces . 27
5.5.6 ETSI Technical Committee on ITS (ETSI TC ITS) . 27
5.6 Overview of R&D projects and other relevant initiatives . 27
5.6.1 CVIS project on cooperative vehicle infrastructure systems . 27
5.6.2 SAFESPOT project on road safety related applications . 28
5.6.3 eCoMove project on road transport efficiency applications . 29
5.6.4 DRIVE C2X project with focus on field trials . 29
5.6.5 Car-to-car communication consortium (C2C-CC) . 29
5.6.6 EasyWay project on applications for the major EU road network . 30
5.6.7 COMeSafety and COMeSafety2 projects on road safety applications . 30
5.6.8 Amsterdam Group . 30
6 Context of EFC . 30
6.1 Definition of EFC . 30
6.2 EFC role model and business architecture . 31
6.2.1 Role model . 31
6.2.2 Business architecture . 32
6.3 Technical architecture . 33
6.3.1 Overview . 33
6.3.2 Communication architecture . 35
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6.3.3 Autonomous OBE / Front End implementation . 36
6.3.4 EFC security . 37
6.4 Additional major aspects . 38
6.4.1 Interoperability . 38
6.4.2 Value added services based on EFC OBE . 38
6.4.3 EFC outside Europe . 40
6.5 Legal aspects and background . 41
6.5.1 Toll domain specific . 41
6.5.2 European Electronic Toll Service (EETS) . 41
6.5.3 User privacy and data protection . 42
6.6 Overview of standardization activities . 42
6.6.1 CEN/TC 278/WG 1 on Electronic fee collection and access control applications . 42
6.6.2 ISO/TC 204/WG 5 on electronic fee collection and access control applications . 42
6.6.3 ETSI Technical Committee for ITS (ETSI TC ITS) . 42
6.7 Examples of commercial projects . 43
6.7.1 Small EFC system: Herrentunnel Lübeck (Germany) . 43
6.7.2 Nationwide EFC system: Germany . 43
6.7.3 Interoperable EFC system: EasyGo . 44
7 Outline of EFC requirements to an ITS Station . 44
7.1 High level EFC requirements . 44
7.2 Requirements for the EFC application(s) . 46
7.2.1 Detection of Charge Objects (autonomous toll domains) . 46
7.2.2 Provision of charge reports (autonomous toll domains) . 47
7.2.3 Fee calculation (autonomous toll domains) . 48
7.2.4 Generation of charge data (DSRC based toll domains) . 48
7.2.5 Location support (autonomous toll domains) . 49
7.2.6 Support of enforcement application . 49
7.2.7 Operation of an enforcement application . 49
7.2.8 Changing variable tariff parameters . 50
7.2.9 Feedback to the road user . 50
7.3 Resulting requirements for the ITS Station . 51
7.3.1 Technical requirements . 51
7.3.2 Security requirements . 55
7.3.3 Operational requirements . 58
8 EFC services in the C-ITS environment . 60
8.1 EFC services on ITS Stations . 60
8.2 Involved C-ITS sub-roles in the life cycle of EFC services . 61
8.2.1 Life cycle of EFC services . 61
8.2.2 C-ITS sub-roles involved in different phases of the EFC service life cycle . 62
8.3 Combined models of EFC services in C-ITS context . 66
8.3.1 C-ITS and EFC role model relations . 66
8.3.2 Technical EFC architecture in C-ITS context. 68
8.3.3 ITS Station Service Provider . 70
8.3.4 Extended EFC role model in C-ITS environment . 70
8.3.5 Business architecture . 71
9 Considerations on particular implementation aspects . 72
9.1 Introduction . 72
9.2 Synergies. 73
9.3 Particular and critical areas in relation to EFC in an ITS environment . 74
9.3.1 Phase of migration from dedicated EFC devices to ITS-S based EFC . 74
9.3.2 Resource management . 77
9.3.3 Performance monitoring . 80
9.4 Suitability for use and certification . 81
9.4.1 Introduction . 81
9.4.2 Conformity to specifications . 82
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9.4.3 Suitability for use tests . 83
9.4.4 Certification . 83
9.4.5 Registration and Certification Authority . 84
9.4.6 Quality system approval und surveillance . 85
9.5 Governance and responsibility . 85
9.5.1 Introduction . 85
9.5.2 Application configuration of the ITS Station . 86
9.5.3 Technical implementation of the ITS Station . 87
9.5.4 Update and installation of applications . 88
10 Guidelines for further work . 89
10.1 Role of EFC to boost the deployment of C-ITS . 89
10.2 Actions to reduce barriers for the deployment of EFC applications — Create harmonized

certification and test rules . 90
10.2.1 Introduction . 90
10.2.2 Issuing test rules . 90
10.2.3 Guidelines on certification and tests . 91
10.3 Recommendations for further standardization activities . 91
10.3.1 Recommendations with regard to the area of EFC . 91
10.3.2 Recommendations with regard to the area of (C-)ITS. 93
10.4 Best practice . 94
Annex A (informative) Security Considerations . 95
A.1 Introduction . 95
A.1.1 Security areas and targets . 95
A.1.2 System and application availability and reliability . 95
A.1.3 Data security . 95
A.1.4 User privacy protection . 96
A.2 Security scope of this annex . 96
A.3 General EFC security considerations . 96
A.3.1 Security analysis. 96
A.3.2 Security system . 98
A.3.2.1 General . 98
A.3.2.2 Technical security architecture . 98
A.3.2.3 Organisational security architecture . 98
A.4 System and application availability and reliability . 99
A.5 Security of an ITS Station . 100
A.5.1 General . 100
A.5.2 Closed ITS Station application platform . 100
A.5.3 Open ITS Station application platform . 101
A.6 Summary . 101
Bibliography . 102

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Foreword
This document (CEN/TR 16690:2014) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 278 “Intelligent
transport systems”, the secretariat of which is held by NEN.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association.
A CEN Technical Report is a document adopted by CEN/CENELEC containing informative material not
suitable for publication as a European Standard or a Technical Specification.
This document has been prepared by CEN/TC 278/WG 1, Project Team 136. The work done by the project
team has been governed by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 278 “Intelligent transport systems”, the
secretariat of which is held by NEN, and by CEN/TC 278/WG 1, Electronic fee collection and access control
(EFC).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
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Introduction
Increasingly, tolling systems are becoming automated and electronic fee collection (EFC) is becoming a
pervasive service in Europe. The widespread deployment of EFC systems requires provisions to allow users
to employ a single contract and a single OBE to circulate through many different toll domains. In Europe, for
example, this need has been officially recognized and legislation on interoperability has already been adopted
in the form of the Interoperability Directive 2004/52/EC and the EETS Decision 2009/750/EC.
Standardization in the context of Electronic Fee Collection has been active since the early '90s with the aim of
providing the architecture and the definition of interoperable interfaces for interoperable tolling systems.
Interoperable interfaces allow tolling systems to exchange information and make mutual use of it.
Specifications of such interfaces have been provided in the form of Application Interface Definitions, which are
to be considered as toolboxes for defining application protocols and application data exchanged. In many
cases, interoperable application profiles have been defined to narrow down the options and provide a sound
basis for interoperability.
The standardization results have major relevance for the future of the EETS. Some standards are directly
referenced by the EETS Decision and are hence of mandatory application. Other standards provide open and
interoperable definitions which are likely to be employed to fulfil the requirement that: “EETS equipment shall
be designed in such a manner that its interoperability constituents utilise open standards”.
EFC is one of the intelligent transport systems (ITS) applications with the widest deployment. Currently EFC
equipment is mostly dedicated to one or a few applications only. On the one hand, EFC equipment is also
becoming more capable and EFC OBE may provide platforms for delivering selected Value Added Services
as analysed in CEN/TR 16219. On the other hand, future ITS Stations may in principle deliver the EFC
Service to users, if certain requirements are fulfilled.
This Technical Report mainly provides a view on how “both worlds”, the established and wide-spread EFC
services and the emerging ITS services and platforms, could be combined to future solutions in which EFC
services are considered as one service amongst others offered by ITS. The Report provides information to
designers of ITS about the nature and specialities in the EFC services to be taken into account. It also
provides EFC stakeholders with guidance how an integration of EFC into the set of services provided in the
ITS environment may be achieved.
In order to identify the guidelines how EFC applications can be provided on ITS in-vehicle stations, the
following approach is chosen:
— provide a view and understanding of both EFC and cooperative ITS in terms of available architectures,
definitions, specifications, stakeholders and operational experiences (commercially available projects as
well as research and trial activities);
— identify major EFC requirements that will have an impact to the ITS Station;
— provide a view as to how EFC roles and functionalities (according to ISO 17573) shall be enabled and
supported in the cooperative ITS context (in different phases of the entire life cycle of an EFC service);
— identify a base technical architecture that enables EFC services in an ITS context;
— analyse stakeholders in a business architecture and provide an example of a business architecture for
EFC services in an ITS environment; and
— emphasize on particular key areas like conformance and certification, potential synergies in the context of
the ITS Station, areas of major concern, governance, critical elements.
This approach could be chosen as the EFC environment is seen very mature in terms of architectural,
technical and operational requirements and processes. EFC as a service is already in use in various
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commercial projects in many countries throughout the world. Operational experiences have already been
taken into account in refining the landscape of existing specifications in EFC. This can be seen as an
extraordinary condition compared to other (future) ITS services for which such mature environmental and
context is not yet available
ETSI TC ITS has defined a Basic Set of Applications in ETSI/TR 102 638 which is expected to be deployed
relatively swiftly after completion of standardization of C-ITS. EFC is directly addressed in this Basic Set of
Applications and considered as a primary application. Standardization of the EFC application requirements is,
however, within the scope of CEN/TC 278/WG 1, which is in charge of defining the requirements for the EFC
use cases in accordance with the set of standards developed by this Working Group.
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1 Scope
This Technical Report (TR) contains an analysis of the technical and operational feasibility of using a generic
ITS Station as specified in ETSI EN 302 665, Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Communications
Architecture, for EFC applications compliant to the requirements specified in ISO 17573, EN ISO 12855
...