SIST EN 14843:2007
(Main)Precast concrete products - Stairs
Precast concrete products - Stairs
This standard gives specifications for materials, production, properties, requirements and methods of testing for precast concrete monolithic stairs, and for precast concrete elements (e.g. individual steps) used to make reinforced and/or prestressed concrete stairs.
This standard is applicable to structural stairs for indoor or outdoor use.
This standard covers precast concrete stairs and associated landings of monolithic design or constructed from individual steps supported by beams or columns. Supporting elements may include in situ concrete.
This standard covers terminology, performance criteria, verification methods, tolerances, relevant physical properties, special test methods and specific aspects of transport, erection and connection.
Geometrical properties related to functionality of stairs are not covered by this standard and can be found in National regulations or local practice.
Precast concrete stairs are classified into two main product families :
? monolithic stairs constructed from precast concrete components consisting of flights, landings or a combination of these. They may include vertical supporting elements ;
? stairs constructed from individual steps, whether load bearing or not, assembled on site with, for example, carriages or a central column.
Their shape may be straight or winding.
Stairs may incorporate parapets (on one or both sides) and landings.
Stairs may have simple bearings (e.g. on corbels, walls or beams), bolted connections or they may be connected with reinforcement and in situ concrete.
The surfaces of the precast elements may be exposed or covered by finishes.
Betonfertigteile - Treppen
Diese Norm enthält Spezifikationen für die Baustoffe, die Herstellung, die Eigenschaften, die Anforderungen an und Prüfverfahren für monolithische Betontreppenfertigteile und für Betonfertigteile (z. B. Einzelstufen-elemente), die für die Herstellung von Treppen aus Stahlbeton und/oder Spannbeton verwendet werden.
Diese Norm ist auf tragende Treppen für die Innen- und die Außenbauteile anwendbar.
Vorgefertigte Betontreppen werden in zwei Hauptproduktfamilien eingeteilt:
- monolithische Treppenfertigteile aus vorgefertigten Betonbauteilen, wie Läufen, Podesten oder eine Kombination daraus. Diese können auch vertikale Stützelemente umfassen.
- Treppen, die aus Einzelstufenelementen hergestellt und lasttragend oder nicht lasttragend sind und vor Ort mit Hilfe von beispielsweise Treppenholmen oder einer Mittelstütze zusammengesetzt werden.
Diese Treppen können gerade oder gewendelt sein.
Treppen können Geländer (auf einer Seite oder beiden Seiten) sowie Podeste umfassen.
Treppen können über einfache Auflager (z. B. auf Konsolen, an Wänden oder auf Trägern) oder verschraubte Verbindungen aufweisen; sie können jedoch auch durch eine Bewehrung und Ortbeton miteinander verbunden sein.
Die Oberflächen der Fertigbauteile können unbehandelt oder endbehandelt sein.
Beschreibungen von Oberflächentypen vorgefertigter Betontreppen sind in Anhang B (informativ) angegeben.
Produits préfabriqués en béton - Escaliers
La présente norme fixe les spécifications en matiere de matériaux, de production, de propriétés, d'exigences et de méthodes d'essai pour les escaliers monoblocs préfabriqués en béton et les éléments préfabriqués en béton (par exemple les marches individuelles) utilisés pour réaliser des escaliers en béton armé et/ou précontraint.
La présente norme est applicable aux escaliers structurels intérieurs et extérieurs.
Les escaliers préfabriqués en béton sont classés en deux familles principales de produits :
- les escaliers monoblocs construits a partir d'éléments préfabriqués en béton comprenant des volées, des paliers ou une combinaison de ces éléments. Ils peuvent comprendre des éléments porteurs verticaux ;
- les escaliers construits a partir de marches individuelles, porteuses ou non, assemblées en place avec, par exemple, des crémailleres ou un fut central.
Ils peuvent etre droits ou balancés.
Les escaliers peuvent comprendre des garde-corps (sur l'un ou les deux côtés) et des paliers.
Les escaliers peuvent comporter des appuis simples (par exemple sur des corbeaux, des murs ou des poutres), des assemblages boulonnés ou ils peuvent etre assemblés avec des armatures et du béton coulé en place.
Les surfaces des éléments préfabriqués peuvent etre apparentes ou recouvertes par des produits de finition.
Des descriptions des type de surfaces pour les escaliers préfabriqués en béton sont données dans l'Annexe B (informative).
Montažni betonski izdelki - Stopnice
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Precast concrete products - StairsMontažni betonski izdelki - StopniceProduits préfabriqués en béton - EscaliersBetonfertigteile - TreppenTa slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 14843:2007SIST EN 14843:2007en;de91.100.30Beton in betonski izdelkiConcrete and concrete products91.060.30Stropi. Tla. StopniceCeilings. Floors. StairsICS:SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 14843:200701-julij-2007
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 14843April 2007ICS 91.100.30 English VersionPrecast concrete products - StairsProduits préfabriqués en béton - EscaliersBetonfertigteile - TreppenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 17 February 2007.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2007 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 14843:2007: E
EN 14843:2007(E) 2 Contents Page The numbering of clauses is strictly related to EN 13369:2004: Common rules for precast concrete products, at least for the first three digits. When a clause of EN 13369:2004 is not relevant or included in a more general reference of this standard, its number is omitted and this may result in a gap in numbering. Introduction.6 1 Scope.7 2 Normative references.7 3 Terms and definitions.8 3.1 General.8 4 Requirements.8 4.1 Material requirements.8 4.2 Production requirements.8 4.3 Finished product requirements.8 4.3.1 Geometrical properties.8 4.3.2 Surface characteristics.9 4.3.3 Mechanical resistance.9 4.3.4 Resistance and reaction to fire.10 4.3.5 Acoustic properties.10 4.3.6 Thermal properties.10 4.3.7 Durability.10 4.3.8 Other requirements.10 4.3.9 Detailing.10 5 Test methods.11 5.1 Tests on concrete.11 5.2 Measuring of dimensions and surface characteristics.11 5.3 Weight of the product.11 6 Evaluation of conformity.11 7 Marking.12 8 Technical documentation.12 Annex A (informative)
Stairs — Terms and definitions.13 Annex B (informative)
Test Method.20 B.1 Objectives.20 B.2 Specification and selection of specimens.20 B.2.1 Identification of product group.20 B.2.2 Design of test specimens.20 Annex Y (Informative)
Choice of CE marking method.25 Y.1 Method 1.25 Y.2 Method 2.25 Y.3 Method 3.25 Annex ZA (informative)
Clauses of this European Standard addressing the provisions of the EU Constructions Product Directive.26 ZA.1 Scope and relevant characteristics.26 ZA.2 Procedure for attestation of conformity of stairs.28 ZA.2.1 System of attestation of conformity.28 ZA.2.2 EC Certificate and Declaration of conformity.29 ZA.3 CE marking and labelling.30
EN 14843:2007(E) 3 ZA.3.1 General.30 ZA.3.2 Declaration of geometrical data and material properties.32 ZA.3.3 Declaration of product properties.33 ZA.3.4 Declaration of compliance with a given design specification.35 Bibliography.38
EN 14843:2007(E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 14843:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 229 “Precast concrete products”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR and was examined by and agreed with a joint working party appointed by the Liaison Group CEN/TC 229-TC250, particularly for its compatibility with structural Eurocodes.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2007, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by January 2009. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Construction Products Directive(s) (89/106/EEC). For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document. This document is one of a series of product standards for precast concrete products. For common aspects reference is made to EN 13369:2004: Common rules for precast concrete products, from which also the relevant requirements of the EN 206-1: Concrete — Part 1: Specification, performance, production and conformity are taken. The references to EN 13369:2004 by CEN/TC 229 product standards are intended to make them homogeneous and to avoid repetitions of similar requirements. Eurocodes are taken as a common reference for design aspects. The installation of some structural precast concrete products is dealt with by ENV 13670-1: Execution of concrete structures — Part 1: Common rules, which has at the moment the status of a European Prestandard. In all countries it can be accompanied by alternatives for national application and it should not be treated as a European Standard. The programme of standards for structural precast concrete products comprises the following standards, in some cases consisting of several parts : EN 1168, Precast concrete products — Hollow core slabs. EN 12794, Precast concrete products — Foundation piles. EN 12843, Precast concrete products — Masts and poles. EN 13224, Precast concrete products — Ribbed floor elements. EN 13225, Precast concrete products — Linear structural elements. EN 13693, Precast concrete products — Special roof elements. EN 13747, Precast concrete products — Floor plates for floor systems. EN 13978, Precast concrete products — Precast concrete garages. EN 14843, Precast concrete products — Stairs. EN 14844, Precast concrete products — Box culverts.
EN 14843:2007(E) 5 EN 14991, Precast concrete products — Foundation elements. EN 14992, Precast concrete products — Wall elements. prEN 15037, Precast concrete products - Beam-and-block floor systems. EN 15050, Precast concrete products — Bridge elements. prEN 15258, Precast concrete products — Retaining wall elements. This standard defines in Annex ZA the application methods of CE marking to products designed using the relevant EN Eurocodes (EN 1992-1-1 and EN 1992-1-2). Where, in default of applicability conditions of EN Eurocodes to the works of destination, design Provisions other than EN Eurocodes are used for mechanical strength and/or fire resistance, the conditions to affix CE marking to the product are described in ZA.3.4. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EN 14843:2007(E) 6 Introduction The evaluation of conformity given in this standard refers to precast concrete elements which are supplied to the market and covers all the production operations carried out in the factory. The documentation accompanying a manufactured component will refer to the clauses of this standard with which it complies.
EN 14843:2007(E) 7 1 Scope This standard gives specifications for materials, production, properties, requirements and methods of testing for precast concrete monolithic stairs, and for precast concrete elements (e.g. individual steps) used to make reinforced and/or prestressed concrete stairs. This standard is applicable to structural stairs for indoor or outdoor use. This standard covers precast concrete stairs and associated landings of monolithic design or constructed from individual steps supported by beams or columns. Supporting elements may include in situ concrete. This standard covers terminology, performance criteria, verification methods, tolerances, relevant physical properties, special test methods and specific aspects of transport, erection and connection. Geometrical properties related to functionality of stairs are not covered by this standard and can be found in National regulations or local practice. Precast concrete stairs are classified into two main product families : monolithic stairs constructed from precast concrete components consisting of flights, landings or a combination of these. They may include vertical supporting elements ; stairs constructed from individual steps, whether load bearing or not, assembled on site with, for example, carriages or a central column. Their shape may be straight or winding. Stairs may incorporate parapets (on one or both sides) and landings. Stairs may have simple bearings (e.g. on corbels, walls or beams), bolted connections or they may be connected with reinforcement and in situ concrete. The surfaces of the precast elements may be exposed or covered by finishes. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 1992-1-1:2004, Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures — Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings EN 13369: 2004, Common rules for precast concrete products
EN 14843:2007(E) 8 3 Terms and definitions 3.1 General Subclauses 3.1 and J.4 of EN 13369:2004 shall apply. Terms and definitions for stairs are given in Annex A (informative). 4 Requirements 4.1 Material requirements Subclause 4.1 of EN 13369:2004 shall apply. 4.2 Production requirements Subclause 4.2 of EN 13369:2004 shall apply. The concrete shall have a minimum class of C30/37 for reinforced or prestressed concrete stairs. 4.3 Finished product requirements 4.3.1 Geometrical properties 4.3.1.1 Production tolerances Unless stricter tolerances are given in the project specification, subclause 4.3.1.1 of EN 13369:2004 shall apply except for the amendments given in Table 1 below. Table 1 — Amendment to EN 13369:2004, Table 4 Permitted deviations of cross-sections for structural elements Target dimension of the cross-section in the direction to be checked ∆La (mm) ∆cb (mm) L ≤ 150 mm + 10 - 5 ± 5 L ≥ 400 mm ± 15 + 15 - 10 Linear interpolation for Intermediate values. a The difference between two consecutive rises shall not exceed 6 mm. b The minimum concrete cover defined in 4.3.7 shall take into account the depth of any concrete removed by a finishing process. The positioning of reinforcement shall ensure that the minimum cover defined in 4.3.7 is achieved. NOTE 1 ∆L and the positive values for ∆c (upper permitted deviation) are given to ensure that deviations in cross-sectional dimensions and in the position of the reinforcement do not exceed values covered by the relevant safety factors in the Eurocodes. NOTE 2 The negative values for ∆c (lower permitted deviation) are given for durability purposes.
EN 14843:2007(E) 9 4.3.1.2 Minimum nominal dimensions The minimum nominal dimensions of Table 2 shall apply. Table 2 — Minimum nominal dimensions (mm) Dimension Minimum dimension Thickness of a step or landing
45 Thickness of a wall 80 Thickness of a parapet 60 Wall thickness of a hollow element 45 Plan dimensions of a column 120 In case of 45 mm of thickness, special care shall be paid to the correct positioning of reinforcement. 4.3.2 Surface characteristics Subclause 4.3.2 of EN 13369:2004 shall apply. The tolerances for surface characteristics listed in Table 3 shall be permitted for precast concrete stair components. Table 3 — Permitted deviations for surface characteristics (sizes in mm) L = length of the reference rulera ∆d = d1 – d2 ∆d ≤ (2 + L / 500) a See 5.2 NOTE A client may inform the producer that specific surfaces are intended to be finished with paint or a thin coating. 4.3.3 Mechanical resistance 4.3.3.1 General Subclause 4.3.3.1 of EN 13369:2004 shall apply. 4.3.3.2 Verification by calculation Subclause 4.3.3.2 of EN 13369:2004 shall apply. Both static and dynamic loading should be considered. NOTE 1 For steps less than 80 mm thick or independent steps, the dynamic coefficient may be defined in National regulations or other rules valid in the place of use of the product. NOTE 2 For accidental actions and robustness requirements see National regulation. 4.3.3.3 Verification by calculation aided by testing Subclause 4.3.3.3 of EN 13369:2004 shall apply. The test methods recommended in Annex B may be used to support verification by calculation.
EN 14843:2007(E) 10 4.3.4 Resistance and reaction to fire 4.3.4.1 General Subclauses 4.3.4.1 of EN 13369:2004 shall apply. 4.3.4.2 Resistance to fire Subclauses 4.3.4.2 and 4.3.4.3 of EN 13369:2004 shall apply. 4.3.4.3 Reaction to fire Subclause 4.3.4.4 of EN 13369:2004 shall apply. 4.3.5 Acoustic properties Subclause 4.3.5 of EN 13369:2004 shall apply. 4.3.6 Thermal properties Subclause 4.3.6 of EN 13369:2004 shall apply. 4.3.7 Durability Subclause 4.3.7 of EN 13369:2004 shall apply, except for the minimum concrete cover for stair corbels defined in subclause 4.3.9. 4.3.8 Other requirements Subclause 4.3.8 of EN 13369:2004 shall apply. 4.3.9 Detailing The detailing of the element, with respect to geometrical data and complementary properties of materials and inserts shall be given in technical documentation, which shall include the construction data, such as the dimensions, the tolerances, the layout of reinforcement, the concrete cover, the expected transient and final support conditions and lifting conditions. In particular, the technical documentation shall include the maximum acceptable gap between components when erected to ensure the design overlap of the reinforcement is achieved (see 10.9.4.7 of EN 1992-1-1:2004). The design of the bearings shall be in accordance with 10.9.5 of EN 1992-1-1:2004 and due allowances shall be made for erection tolerances. For the application of this rule, two classes of stair corbels are defined (Figure 1) : Class A : the stair corbel is manufactured with the design cover according to 4.3.1.1 ; Class B : the stair corbel is similar to class A but with a reduced cover at the extreme end. In this case the concrete cover is achieved on site with a non shrink mortar. The mortar and its minimum thickness shall respect Clause 4 of EN 1992-1-1:2004.
EN 14843:2007(E) 11 Key 1 stair corbel 2 end cover 3 support Figure 1a — Stair corbel class A
Key 1 stair corbel 2 reduced cover at the extreme end 3 support 4 non shrink mortar filling placed on site and suitable for the exposure conditions Figure 1b — Stair corbel class B Figure 1 — Definition of classes of stair corbels NOTE Consideration should be given to the use of stainless or protected reinforcement to ensure adequate durability of stair corbel class B. 5 Test methods 5.1 Tests on concrete Subclause 5.1 of EN 13369:2004 shall apply. 5.2 Measuring of dimensions and surface characteristics Subclause 5.2 of EN 13369:2004 shall apply. With reference to Figure J.5 of EN 13369:2004, ruler of 200 mm or 1 000 mm may be used according to the dimensions being verified. 5.3 Weight of the product Subclause 5.3 of EN 13369:2004 shall apply. 6 Evaluation of conformity Clause 6 of EN 13369:2004 shall apply. Table 4 replaces item 2 of Table D.4 of EN 13369:2004.
EN 14843:2007(E) 12 Table 4 — Finished product inspection
SUBJECT METHOD PURPOSE FREQUENCY D.4.1 - Product Testing 1 Final inspection Measuring of dimensions (see 5.2) Conformity with the requirements of this standard and the requirements for the manufacturer declared properties At least one stair in every ten per model manufactured. 2 Surface characteristics Measuring according to 5.2. Conformity to 4.3.2 At least one stair in every ten per model manufactured. 7 Marking Clause 7 of EN 13369:2004 shall apply. 8 Technical documentation Clause 8 of EN 13369:2004 shall apply.
EN 14843:2007(E) 13 Annex A (informative)
Stairs — Terms and definitions Table A.1 — Classification by reference Reference Term Definition 1.1 General See Figure A.1 1.1.1 Stair A succession of horizontal stages (stepsor landings) at a pitch which makes it possible to pass on foot to other levels. 1.1.2 Individual step Precast product providing a single tread and riser. NOTE
Individual steps may have an integral boss at one end to facilitate the construction of the central column of a spiral stair or they may be designed to be assembled into a stair with strings, carriages or other supports. 1.1.3 Prefabricated stair A stair which is manufactured either complete or in component form, later to be installed and/or assembled in its final location. 1.1.4 Stair enclosure The space reserved for accommodating a stair and faces of the walls limiting its volume. 1.1.5 Stairwell The void formed on the inside by the shape of a stair. 1.1.6 Landing A level platform at the endof a flight or between two flights of stairs. It can be part of the stair or of the floor. 1.1.7 String An inclined member supporting the end(s) of steps. 1.1.8 Fixing A component to secure a stair to its support(s). 1.1.9 Bearing A support upon which a precast product rests. 1.1.10 Corbel A projection from an element to form a bearing. 1.1.11 Lap joint (rebated joint) A pair of overlapping corbels transmitting load. 1.1.12 Wall An element which divides or encloses an area. It may be loadbearing or not. 1.1.13 Hollow element A precast element with internal voids. 1.1.14 Parapet An element providing protection against falling over an edge. 1.2 Stair types and layouts See Figure A.2. 1.2.1 Straight stair Stair in which the direction is the same throughout. 1.2.2 Flight An unbroken series of steps between two landings. 1.2.3 Intermediate or rest landing A landing inserted between two floors. 1.2.4 Double return stair Turning stair with one flight to an intermediate landing and two flights from that landing. 1.2.5 Turning stair Stair in which the direction changes. 1.2.6 Left-hand (or right-hand) stair Stair turning to the left hand(or right hand) when ascending. 1.2.7 Winding stair Stair which changes direction by using tapered steps. 1.2.8 Monolithic stair A stair cast as a single piece. 1.2.9 Open well stair Turning stair around a stairwell. "
EN 14843:2007(E) 14 Table A.1 — Classification by reference (continued) Reference Term Definition 1.2.10 Helical stair Winding stair that describes a helix around a stairwell. 1.2.11 Spiral stair Winding stair that describes a helix around a central column. 1.3 Dimensions See Figure A.3. 1.3.1 Stair opening A space reserved in a floor for a stair. 1.3.2 Floor to floor height The dimension measured vertically from the finished surface of one floor level to the finished surface of the next. 1.3.3 Pitch line A notional line connecting the nosings of successive steps usually taken on the walking line.1.3.4 Pitch The angle between the pitch line and the horizontal plane. 1.3.5 Headroom The minimum unobstructed vertical dimension above the pitch line. 1.3.6 Rise The vertical dimension from the surface of one tread to the surface of the next. 1.3.7 Going (run) The horizontal dimension between the nosings of two consecutive steps, measured on the walking line. 1.3.8 Tread width The horizontal dimension from the nosing to the back of a tread. 1.3.9 Overlap Horizontal dimension between the rear edge of a tread and the consecutive nosing above. 1.3.10 Stair width Horizontal dimension of the treads taken at right angles to the walking line. 1.3.11 Stair clear width Unobstructed horizontal dimension taken at right angles to the walking line to allow the passage of people and objects. 1.3.12 Width over strings Horizontal dimension between the outer faces of the strings. 1.3.13 Walking line A theoretical line indicating the usual path of the users of the stair.
NOTE
An arrow on this line always indicates the direction of ascent. 1.3.14 Walking zone Notional width occupied by a single person ascending the stair. 1.4 Types of steps See Figure A.4. 1.4.1 Winder A step in which the nosing of the tread is not parallel to the nosing of the step or landing immediately above it. 1.4.2 Top step The uppermost step of a flight. 1.4.3 Bottom step The step containing the first riser mounted when ascending the stair. 1.5 Stair components See Figure A.5. 1.5.1 Step Part of a stair consisting of a tread and a riser. 1.5.2 Tread The horizontal component or upper surface of a step. 1.5.3 Riser The part closing the front face of the step. 1.5.4 Open rise stair A stair in which the vertical spaces between successive treads are either open or not fully filled by risers. 1.5.5 Nosing Projecting front edge of a tread or landing. 1.5.6 Carriage Member under the steps to give them support. 1.5.7 Waist Structural component of a stair supporting the steps. 1.5.8 Column Vertical structural element of a stair with a width not greater than 4 times its thickness. 1.5.9 Spandrel Central wall of a winding stair that may provide support for the stair. 1.5.10 Boss An annular component of steps intended for use in spiral stairs that enables the central column to be formed.
EN 14843:2007(E) 15
NOTE Reinforcement arrangements are illustrative only Figure A.1 — General terms
EN 14843:2007(E) 16
Figure A.2 — Stair types and layouts
EN 14843:2007(E) 17
Figure A.3 — Dimensions
EN 14843:2007(E) 18 Figure A.4 — Types of steps
EN 14843:2007(E) 19
Figure A.5 — Stair components
EN 14843:2007(E) 20 Annex B (informative)
Test method B.1 Objectives Load tests should be carried out initially as necessary to verify the reliability of the design model assumed for calculation (see 4.3.3.3 of EN 13369:2004). NOTE Further guidance may be found in CEN/TR 14862, Precast concrete products — Full-scale testing requirements in standards on precast concrete products. B.2 Specification and selection of specimens B.2.1 Identification of product group The producer should identify the group of elements that will be treated as having the same product properties. For each group a specific set of product properties should be defined as representative for the group. B.2.2 Design of test specimens The producer should prepare and record a test plan containing appropriate drawings and documents describing the test specimens and their relations to the groups defined in B.2.1. A minimum of three specimens for each group should be tested. a) Monolithic stairs : for monolithic stairs with steps less than 80 mm thick, a test may be carried out in which a concentrated test load is applied to take account of the dynamic effects of the normal use of the stair (Figure B.1) ;
EN 14843:2007(E) 21
Key 1 hardwood cube 100 mm × 100 mm × 100 mm 2 dimensions = 100 mm 3 detail Figure B.1 — Example of test for a stair with thin steps b) Individual steps : individual steps may be load tested when installed in a test rig designed to hold the step as when it is installed in a building. Examples of test arrangements are shown in Figures B.2 to B.4. individual step on two supports : The test load is centred at the mid-span where there is a single walking zone (Figure B.2) or at the centre of each walking zone where there is more than one. In case of a step containing a cantilever part, a second test loading scheme is defined to test this part (Figure B.3). In this last case, the step may be restrained by fixings as intended for use on site to evaluate their suitability or the step may be held in a supplementary support to avoid rocking. individual step with an integral boss (e.g. for a spiral stair) : The test load is placed close to the end of the walking zone, as shown in Figure B.4.
EN 14843:2007(E) 22
Key 1 walking zone 2 span 3 hardwood cube 100 × 100 × 100 mm 4 top face with its finishes 5 rubber plate
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