oSIST prEN 302 186 V2.2.19:2026

• Abstract:

  REN/SES-00477

• Status: Not Published
• Public Enquiry End Date: 30-Nov-2026
• ICS: 33.060.30 - Radio relay and fixed satellite communications systems
• ICS: 33.070.40 - Satellite
• Technical Committee: MOC - Mobile Communications
• Current Stage: 4020 - Public enquire (PE) (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 21-Sep-2026
• Due Date: 08-Feb-2027
• Ref Project: ETSI EN 302 186 V2.2.19 (2026-08) - Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Aircraft Earth Stations (AESs) operating in the 11/12/14 GHz frequency bands; Harmonised Standard for access to radio spectrum

Overview

oSIST prEN 302 186 V2.2.19:2026 is a harmonised European standard developed by SIST/ETSI, focusing on Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES). This standard specifically addresses Aircraft Earth Stations (AESs) operating in the 11/12/14 GHz frequency bands. It details the technical characteristics, essential requirements, and compliance testing methods necessary for AESs accessing radio spectrum under European regulatory frameworks.

The document plays a key role in ensuring reliable, interference-free aeronautical mobile satellite communications by establishing emission limits and control requirements for AESs mounted on aircraft. This is particularly relevant for aviation operators, satellite service providers, and equipment manufacturers working within the framework of Fixed-Satellite Service (FSS) and Aeronautical Mobile-Satellite Service (AMSS).

Key Topics

• Frequency bands: The standard applies to AESs transmitting in the 14,00-14,50 GHz and 12,75-13,25 GHz bands, and receiving in the 10,70-12,75 GHz band.
• Emission limits: Specifies strict emission limits, including both off-axis and on-axis spurious radiation controls, aimed at protecting other radio services and satellite systems from harmful interference.
• Power Flux Density (PFD) controls: Describes PFD limits at the Earth's surface to safeguard terrestrial Fixed Services (FS) and Radio Astronomy Services (RAS).
• Control and Monitoring Functions (CMFs): Focuses on the mandatory monitoring and control capabilities of AESs, ensuring they remain responsive to network commands and do not generate unauthorized signals.
• Antenna requirements: Establishes technical guidelines for directional antenna subsystems capable of continuous satellite tracking, including off-axis gain and pointing accuracy.
• Testing and conformance: Provides methods for measuring compliance with all technical and emission requirements, covering environmental conditions, receiver selectivity, and blocking performance.

Applications

This harmonised standard is integral to the development, certification, and deployment of aircraft earth stations within the aviation industry. Practical application areas include:

• Aeronautical connectivity: Enabling broadband satellite communications for commercial and private aircraft, covering passenger Wi-Fi, operational data, and safety services.
• Regulatory compliance: Serving as a reference for manufacturers and network operators seeking conformity with the Radio Equipment Directive (RED) 2014/53/EU, facilitating legal market access across the European Union and EFTA countries.
• Frequency management: Assisting spectrum managers and regulators in assessing and authorizing AES deployments, ensuring coexistence with existing terrestrial and space-based systems.
• Product development and testing: Guiding the design and validation of AES equipment, ensuring robust operation under defined environmental and radio interface conditions.

Related Standards

The oSIST prEN 302 186 V2.2.19:2026 standard is closely linked with other international and European standards, including:

• ITU-R Recommendations: ITU-R M.1643 and Appendix 30B Radio Regulations, providing foundational technical frameworks for satellite communications and earth station operations.
• ECC Reports/Decisions: ECC Report 26 and ECC Decision (19)04, which inform PFD limits and coordination requirements for satellite earth stations.
• ETSI EN 303 978: Covers earth stations on vessels (ESVs) - related equipment for maritime satellite communications.
• ETSI EN 301 681: Specification for geostationary fixed satellite systems and the radio interface for other earth stations.
• RED Directive (2014/53/EU): Ensures harmonisation of essential requirements for all radio equipment sold in Europe.

By aligning with these standards and directives, oSIST prEN 302 186 provides a comprehensive basis for the safe, effective, and compliant operation of AESs in the crucial 11/12/14 GHz frequency bands, supporting the expanding needs of modern aeronautical communications.

Draft ETSI EN 302 186 V2.2.19 (2026-08)

HARMONISED EUROPEAN STANDARD
Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES);
Aircraft Earth Stations (AESs)
operating in the 11/12/14 GHz frequency bands;
Harmonised Standard for access to radio spectrum

2 Draft ETSI EN 302 186 V2.2.19 (2026-08)

Reference
REN/SES-00477
Keywords
aeronautical, air interface, AMSS, earth station,
FSS, GSO, mobile, MSS, regulation, satellite

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ETSI
3 Draft ETSI EN 302 186 V2.2.19 (2026-08)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 7
Foreword . 7
Modal verbs terminology . 8
1 Scope . 9
2 References . 10
2.1 Normative references . 10
2.2 Informative references . 11
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations . 11
3.1 Terms . 11
3.2 Symbols . 15
3.3 Abbreviations . 15
4 Technical requirement specifications . 16
4.1 General . 16
4.1.0 Introduction. 16
4.1.1 Environmental profile . 16
4.2 Conformance requirements . 17
4.2.1 General . 17
4.2.2 Off-axis spurious radiation . 17
4.2.2.1 Justification . 17
4.2.2.2 Specification. 17
4.2.2.3 Conformance tests . 18
4.2.3 On-axis spurious radiation . 19
4.2.3.1 Justification . 19
4.2.3.2 Specification. 19
4.2.3.2.1 "Carrier-on" state . 19
4.2.3.2.2 "Carrier-off" state and "transmission disabled" state . 19
4.2.3.3 Conformance tests . 19
4.2.4 Off-axis EIRP emissions density in the nominated bandwidth for 14 GHz AES and the power flux-
density resulting from the 13 GHz AES towards any location in the geostationary-satellite orbit . 20
4.2.4.1 Justification . 20
4.2.4.2 Specification. 20
4.2.4.2.1 14 GHz AES . 20
4.2.4.2.2 13 GHz AES . 21
4.2.4.3 Conformance tests . 21
4.2.5 Control and Monitoring Functions (CMFs) . 21
4.2.5.0 General . 21
4.2.5.1 Processor monitoring . 22
4.2.5.1.1 Justification . 22
4.2.5.1.2 Specification . 22
4.2.5.1.3 Conformance tests . 22
4.2.5.2 Transmit subsystem monitoring . 23
4.2.5.2.1 Justification . 23
4.2.5.2.2 Specification . 23
4.2.5.2.3 Conformance tests . 23
4.2.5.3 Power-on/Reset . 23
4.2.5.3.1 Justification . 23
4.2.5.3.2 Specification . 23
4.2.5.3.3 Conformance tests . 23
4.2.5.4 Control Channel (CC) reception . 23
4.2.5.4.1 Justification . 23
4.2.5.4.2 Specification . 23
4.2.5.4.3 Conformance tests . 23
4.2.5.5 Capacity of AES to receive and process Network control commands . 24
4.2.5.5.1 Justification . 24
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4 Draft ETSI EN 302 186 V2.2.19 (2026-08)
4.2.5.5.2 Specification . 24
4.2.5.5.3 Conformance tests . 24
4.2.5.6 Initial burst transmission . 24
4.2.5.6.1 General . 24
4.2.5.6.2 Specification . 24
4.2.5.6.3 Conformance tests . 25
4.2.6 Power Flux Density at the surface of the earth . 25
4.2.6.0 General . 25
4.2.6.1 14 GHz AES. 25
4.2.6.1.1 Power flux density limits in the 14,00 GHz to 14,50 GHz frequency band . 25
4.2.6.2 13 GHz AES. 27
4.2.6.2.0 General . 27
4.2.6.2.1 Justification . 27
4.2.6.2.2 Specification . 28
4.2.6.2.3 Conformance tests . 28
4.2.7 Receive antenna off-axis gain pattern . 28
4.2.7.1 Justification . 28
4.2.7.2 Specification. 28
4.2.7.3 Conformance tests . 28
4.2.8 Blocking performance . 28
4.2.8.1 Justification . 28
4.2.8.2 Specification. 29
4.2.8.3 Conformance tests . 29
4.2.9 Adjacent signal selectivity . 29
4.2.9.1 Justification . 29
4.2.9.2 Specification. 29
4.2.9.3 Conformance tests . 29
4.2.10 Image frequency rejection . 29
4.2.10.1 Justification . 29
4.2.10.2 Specification. 30
4.2.10.3 Conformance tests . 30
5 Testing for compliance with technical requirements . 30
5.1 Environmental conditions for testing . 30
6 Testing methods . 30
6.0 General . 30
6.1 Off-axis spurious radiation . 31
6.1.1 Test method . 31
6.1.1.0 Introduction . 31
6.1.1.1 Void. 31
6.1.1.2 Above 1 000 MHz (see clause 4.2.2.2, tables 3 and 4) . 31
6.1.1.2.0 General . 31
6.1.1.2.1 Identification of the significant frequencies of spurious radiation . 31
6.1.1.2.2 Measurement of radiated power levels of identified spurious radiation . 32
6.2 On-axis spurious radiation . 33
6.2.1 Test method . 33
6.2.1.1 General . 33
6.2.1.2 Method of measurement . 33
6.2.1.2.1 General . 33
6.2.1.2.2 Method of measurement at the antenna flange . 34
6.2.1.2.3 Method of measurement with a test antenna . 35
6.3 Off-axis EIRP emissions density in the nominated bandwidth for 14 GHz AES and the power flux-
density resulting from the 13 GHz AES towards any location in the geostationary-satellite orbit . 36
6.3.1 14 GHz AES . 36
6.3.1.1 General . 36
6.3.1.2 rms antenna pointing accuracy . 36
6.3.1.2.1 Method of measurement . 36
6.3.1.3 Measurement of the off-axis EIRP without the antenna. 37
6.3.1.3.1 Transmitter output power density . 37
6.3.1.3.2 Antenna transmit gain . 38
6.3.1.3.3 Antenna transmit radiation patterns . 39
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5 Draft ETSI EN 302 186 V2.2.19 (2026-08)
6.3.1.3.4 Computation of results . 41
6.3.1.4 Measurement of the off-axis EIRP with the antenna . 41
6.3.1.4.1 General . 41
6.3.1.4.2 Maximum EIRP density per 40 kHz ratio relative to the EIRP . 41
6.3.1.4.3 Maximum on-axis EIRP . 41
6.3.1.4.4 Antenna transmit radiation patterns . 43
6.3.1.4.5 Computation of results . 45
6.3.2 13 GHz AES . 45
6.3.2.1 General . 45
6.4 Power Flux Density Test . 45
6.4.1 14 GHz AES . 45
6.4.1.1 General . 45
6.4.1.2 Verification of specification 1: Mode of PFD limitation . 46
6.4.1.3 Verification of specification 2: Location where to limit the PFD . 46
6.4.1.4 Verification of specification 3: PFD limitation . 46
6.4.1.4.1 Measurement of the antenna radiation pattern below the aircraft fuselage . 46
6.4.1.4.2 Measurement of on-axis EIRP as a function of altitude . 48
6.4.1.4.3 Computation of the power flux density at the surface of the Earth . 49
6.4.1.5 Verification of specification 4: Fault conditions . 49
6.4.1.5.1 Test Arrangement . 49
6.4.1.5.2 Test method . 49
6.4.2 13 GHz AES . 50
6.4.2.1 Test Method . 50
6.5 Control and monitoring . 50
6.5.0 General . 50
6.5.1 Test arrangement . 51
6.5.2 Processor monitoring . 51
6.5.2.1 Test method . 51
6.5.3 Transmit subsystem monitoring . 52
6.5.3.1 Test method . 52
6.5.4 Power-on/Reset . 52
6.5.4.1 Test method . 52
6.5.5 Control Channel (CC) reception . 52
6.5.5.1 Test method . 52
6.5.6 Network control commands . 54
6.5.6.1 Test method . 54
6.5.7 Initial burst transmission . 55
6.5.7.1 Test method . 55
6.6 Receive antenna off-axis gain pattern . 55
6.6.1 Test method . 55
6.6.1.1 Test site . 55
6.6.1.2 Method of measurement . 55
6.6.1.3 Computation . 56
6.7 Blocking performance . 56
6.7.1 General . 56
6.7.2 Test method . 56
6.8 Adjacent signal selectivity . 57
6.8.0 General . 57
6.8.1 Test method . 57
Annex A (informative): Relationship between the present document and the essential
requirements of Directive 2014/53/EU . 59
Annex B (normative): Environmental conditions . 62
B.1 General . 62
B.2 Environmental conformance . 62
Annex C (informative): Maximum measurement uncertainty . 63
Annex D (informative): Bibliography . 64
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6 Draft ETSI EN 302 186 V2.2.19 (2026-08)
Annex E (informative): Change history . 65
History . 66

ETSI
7 Draft ETSI EN 302 186 V2.2.19 (2026-08)
Intellectual Property Rights
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Foreword
This draft Harmonised European Standard (EN) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Satellite Earth
Stations and Systems (SES), and is now submitted for the combined Public Enquiry and Vote phase of the ETSI
Standardisation Request deliverable Approval Procedure (SRdAP).
The present document has been prepared under the Commission's standardisation request C(2015) 5376 final [i.2] to
provide one voluntary means of conforming to the essential requirements of Directive 2014/53/EU on the harmonisation
of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of radio equipment and repealing
Directive 1999/5/EC [i.7].
Once the present document is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union under that Directive, compliance with
the normative clauses of the present document given in Table A.1 confers, within the limits of the scope of the present
document, a presumption of conformity with the corresponding essential requirements of that Directive, and associated
EFTA regulations.
Proposed national transposition dates
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 3 months after ETSI publication
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 6 months after doa
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 18 months after doa

ETSI
8 Draft ETSI EN 302 186 V2.2.19 (2026-08)
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and
"cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of
provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
ETSI
9 Draft ETSI EN 302 186 V2.2.19 (2026-08)
1 Scope
The present document specifies technical characteristics and methods of measurements for Aircraft Earth Station (AES)
with both transmit and receive capabilities for provision of aeronautical mobile satellite service, in the frequency bands
given in Table 1.
Table 1: Frequency bands for the AES equipment specified in the present document
Mode of Operation Frequency Band
AES transmit 14,00 GHz to 14,50 GHz
AES transmit 12,75 GHz to 13,25 GHz
AES receive 10,70 GHz to 12,75 GHz

The AES has the following characteristics:
• These AESs are equipment for installation on aircraft.
• The AESs transmit in the 14,00 GHz to 14,50 GHz band, receive within the range from 10,70 GHz to
12,75 GHz , referred to as "14 GHz AES" in the present document, are operating in one or more frequency
ranges of the Fixed-Satellite Service and Aeronautical Mobile-Satellite Service.
• The AESs transmit in the 12,75 GHz to 13,25 GHz band and receive within the range from 10,70 GHz to
12,75 GHz , referred to as "13 GHz AES" in the present document, are operating in one or more frequency
ranges of the Fixed-Satellite Service.
NOTE 1: When the term "AES" used in the present document without stating 13 GHz AES or 14 GHz AES, it is a
reference to both 14 GHz AES and 13 GHz AES. When referring to AES in the 13 GHz band, the AES
acronym in this case is taken as equivalent to Earth Station In Motion, as referred to in the Radio
Regulations (RR) No. 5.496A (ESIM).
• The AES can consist of a number of modules from the antenna subsystem to the user interfaces.
• The AES uses linear polarization.
• The AES system uses digital modulation.
• The 14 GHz AES operates through a GSO satellite at least 3° away from any other geostationary satellite
operating in the same frequency band and covering the same area.
• The 13 GHz AES operates with a GSO satellite network whose frequency assignments are from the List of
Appendix 30B of the Radio Regulations.
• The antenna of the AES is directional, with means of tracking the satellites, which can be achieved by using
either an active phase array or reflective type configuration consistent with the AES to be brought to the
market.
• These AESs are operating as part of a satellite network used for the distribution and/or exchange of
information between users.
• These AESs are controlled and monitored by a Network Control Facility (NCF). The NCF is outside the scope
of the present document.
• When on the ground, the 14 GHz AES does not transmit at elevation angles below 7° with respect to the local
horizontal plane, except at locations where transmissions below 7° are permitted by the local Administration;
(the minimum elevation angle is also limited as per clause 4.2).
The technical requirements in the present document are in two major categories:
• emission limits: to protect other radio services and systems from harmful interference generated by the AES
in normal use;
ETSI
10 Draft ETSI EN 302 186 V2.2.19 (2026-08)
• AES Control and Monitoring Functions (CMFs): to protect other radio services and systems from unwanted
transmissions from the AES. The CMF in each AES is capable of answering to commands from the Network
Control Facility (NCF) for its supporting satellite network.
The present document applies to the AESs with their ancillary equipment and its various ports, and when operated
within the boundary limits of the operational environmental profile defined for its intended AES use as to be brought to
the market.
The technical requirements for the 14 GHz AES in regard to the Power Flux Density (PFD) limits to protect Fixed
Service (FS) and Radio Astronomy Service (RAS) are based on annexes B and C of Recommendation ITU-R
M.1643 [5] and ECC Report 26 [i.4]. Furthermore, in relation to the protection of the Fixed Satellite Service (FSS) the
technical requirements of the AES take into account annex A of Recommendation ITU-R M.1643 [5].
The technical requirements for the 13 GHz AES in regards to the PFD limits on earth for the protection of FS are based
on the ECC Decision (19)04 [i.12].
NOTE 2: The relationship between the present document and essential requirements of article 3.2 of Directive
2014/53/EU [i.7] is given in annex A.
The present document does not cover equipment compliance with relevant civil aviation regulations. In this respect, an
AES, for its installation and operation on board an aircraft is subject to additional national or international civil aviation
airworthiness certification requirements.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-
specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found in the
ETSI docbox.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long-term validity.
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
[1] Void.
[2] CISPR 16-1-1:2019: "Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods - Part 1-1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus - Measuring apparatus".
[3] Void.
[4] Void.
[5] Recommendation ITU-R M.1643 (06-2003): "Technical and operational requirements for aircraft
earth stations of aeronautical mobile-satellite service including those using fixed-satellite service
network transponders in the band 14-14.5 GHz (Earth-to-space)".
[6] Void.
[7] ETSI ETS 300 457 (Edition 1) (11-1995): "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Test
methods for Television Receive Only (TVRO) operating in the 11/12 GHz frequency bands".
ETSI
11 Draft ETSI EN 302 186 V2.2.19 (2026-08)
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long-term validity.
The following referenced documents may be useful in implementing an ETSI deliverable or add to the reader's
understanding, but are not required for conformance to the present document.
[i.1] Void.
[i.2] Commission Implementing Decision C(2015) 5376 final of 4.8.2015 on a standardisation request
to the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardisation and to the European
Telecommunications Standards Institute as regards radio equipment in support of Directive
2014/53/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council.
[i.3] Recommendation ITU-R S.524-9: "Maximum permissible levels of off-axis e.i.r.p. density from
earth stations in geostationary-satellite orbit networks operating in the fixed-satellite service
transmitting in the 6 GHz, 13 GHz, 14 GHz and 30 GHz frequency bands".
[i.4] ECC Report 26 (02-2003): "The compatibility & sharing of the aeronautical mobile satellite
service with existing services in the band 14,00 to 14,50 GHz Molde".
[i.5] ITU Radio Regulations (edition 2024).
[i.6] Void.
[i.7] Directive 2014/53/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014 on the
harmonisation of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of
radio equipment and repealing Directive 1999/5/EC (RE Directive).
[i.8] Recommendation ITU-R S.728-1: "Maximum permissible level of off-axis e.i.r.p. density from
very small aperture terminals (VSATs)".
[i.9] ETSI EG 203 336 (V1.2.1): "Guide for the selection of technical parameters for the production of
Harmonised Standards covering article 3.1(b) and article 3.2 of Directive 2014/53/EU".
[i.10] Void.
[i.11] EUROCAE ED-14 (2015) (Equivalent to RTCA DO-160D): "Environmental Conditions and Test
Procedures for Airborne Equipment".
[i.12] ECC Decision (19)04 (03-2020): "The harmonised use of spectrum, free circulation and use of
earth stations on-board aircraft operating with GSO FSS networks and NGSO FSS systems in the
frequency bands 12.75-13.25 GHz (Earth-to-space) and 10.7-12.75 GHz (space-to-Earth)".
[i.13] ERC/REC 74-01: "Unwanted emissions in the spurious domain".
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Terms
For the purposes of the present document, the terms given in Directive 2014/53/EU [i.7] and the following apply:
AMSS network: network which comprises the 14 GHz AESs, geostationary satellite, LES and NCF
ETSI
12 Draft ETSI EN 302 186 V2.2.19 (2026-08)
ancillary equipment: equipment used in connection with an AES is considered as ancillary if the three following
conditions are met:
a) the equipment is intended for use in conjunction with the AES to provide additional operational and/or control
features (e.g. to extend control to another position or location); and
b) the equipment cannot be used on a stand alone basis, to provide user functions independently of the AES; and
c) the absence of the equipment does not inhibit the operation of the AES.
antenna plane: plane orthogonal to the main beam axis direction, for a passive antenna
NOTE 1: For a phased array antenna, the antenna plane is the phase array plane.
NOTE 2: See Figure 1b.
beam Az angle: angle between an arbitrary reference direction (specified by the manufacturer) within the ground plane
and the orthogonal projection of the main beam axis within that plane
NOTE 1: See Figure 1b and Figure 1c.
NOTE 2: In case of a rectangular phased array antenna such reference direction may be taken, for example, as the
direction parallel to the lon
...

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-november-2026
Satelitske zemeljske postaje in sistemi (SES) - Letalske zemeljske postaje (AES), ki
delujejo v frekvenčnih pasovih 11/12/14 GHz - Harmonizirani standard za dostop
do radijskega spektra
Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES) - Aircraft Earth Stations (AESs) operating in
the 11/12/14 GHz frequency bands - Harmonised Standard for access to radio spectrum
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ETSI EN 302 186 V2.2.19 (2026-08)
ICS:
33.060.30 Radiorelejni in fiksni satelitski Radio relay and fixed satellite
komunikacijski sistemi communications systems
33.070.40 Satelit Satellite
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

Draft ETSI EN 302 186 V2.2.19 (2026-08)

HARMONISED EUROPEAN STANDARD
Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES);
Aircraft Earth Stations (AESs)
operating in the 11/12/14 GHz frequency bands;
Harmonised Standard for access to radio spectrum

2 Draft ETSI EN 302 186 V2.2.19 (2026-08)

Reference
REN/SES-00477
Keywords
aeronautical, air interface, AMSS, earth station,
FSS, GSO, mobile, MSS, regulation, satellite

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ETSI
3 Draft ETSI EN 302 186 V2.2.19 (2026-08)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 7
Foreword . 7
Modal verbs terminology . 8
1 Scope . 9
2 References . 10
2.1 Normative references . 10
2.2 Informative references . 11
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations . 11
3.1 Terms . 11
3.2 Symbols . 15
3.3 Abbreviations . 15
4 Technical requirement specifications . 16
4.1 General . 16
4.1.0 Introduction. 16
4.1.1 Environmental profile . 16
4.2 Conformance requirements . 17
4.2.1 General . 17
4.2.2 Off-axis spurious radiation . 17
4.2.2.1 Justification . 17
4.2.2.2 Specification. 17
4.2.2.3 Conformance tests . 18
4.2.3 On-axis spurious radiation . 19
4.2.3.1 Justification . 19
4.2.3.2 Specification. 19
4.2.3.2.1 "Carrier-on" state . 19
4.2.3.2.2 "Carrier-off" state and "transmission disabled" state . 19
4.2.3.3 Conformance tests . 19
4.2.4 Off-axis EIRP emissions density in the nominated bandwidth for 14 GHz AES and the power flux-
density resulting from the 13 GHz AES towards any location in the geostationary-satellite orbit . 20
4.2.4.1 Justification . 20
4.2.4.2 Specification. 20
4.2.4.2.1 14 GHz AES . 20
4.2.4.2.2 13 GHz AES . 21
4.2.4.3 Conformance tests . 21
4.2.5 Control and Monitoring Functions (CMFs) . 21
4.2.5.0 General . 21
4.2.5.1 Processor monitoring . 22
4.2.5.1.1 Justification . 22
4.2.5.1.2 Specification . 22
4.2.5.1.3 Conformance tests . 22
4.2.5.2 Transmit subsystem monitoring . 23
4.2.5.2.1 Justification . 23
4.2.5.2.2 Specification . 23
4.2.5.2.3 Conformance tests . 23
4.2.5.3 Power-on/Reset . 23
4.2.5.3.1 Justification . 23
4.2.5.3.2 Specification . 23
4.2.5.3.3 Conformance tests . 23
4.2.5.4 Control Channel (CC) reception . 23
4.2.5.4.1 Justification . 23
4.2.5.4.2 Specification . 23
4.2.5.4.3 Conformance tests . 23
4.2.5.5 Capacity of AES to receive and process Network control commands . 24
4.2.5.5.1 Justification . 24
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4 Draft ETSI EN 302 186 V2.2.19 (2026-08)
4.2.5.5.2 Specification . 24
4.2.5.5.3 Conformance tests . 24
4.2.5.6 Initial burst transmission . 24
4.2.5.6.1 General . 24
4.2.5.6.2 Specification . 24
4.2.5.6.3 Conformance tests . 25
4.2.6 Power Flux Density at the surface of the earth . 25
4.2.6.0 General . 25
4.2.6.1 14 GHz AES. 25
4.2.6.1.1 Power flux density limits in the 14,00 GHz to 14,50 GHz frequency band . 25
4.2.6.2 13 GHz AES. 27
4.2.6.2.0 General . 27
4.2.6.2.1 Justification . 27
4.2.6.2.2 Specification . 28
4.2.6.2.3 Conformance tests . 28
4.2.7 Receive antenna off-axis gain pattern . 28
4.2.7.1 Justification . 28
4.2.7.2 Specification. 28
4.2.7.3 Conformance tests . 28
4.2.8 Blocking performance . 28
4.2.8.1 Justification . 28
4.2.8.2 Specification. 29
4.2.8.3 Conformance tests . 29
4.2.9 Adjacent signal selectivity . 29
4.2.9.1 Justification . 29
4.2.9.2 Specification. 29
4.2.9.3 Conformance tests . 29
4.2.10 Image frequency rejection . 29
4.2.10.1 Justification . 29
4.2.10.2 Specification. 30
4.2.10.3 Conformance tests . 30
5 Testing for compliance with technical requirements . 30
5.1 Environmental conditions for testing . 30
6 Testing methods . 30
6.0 General . 30
6.1 Off-axis spurious radiation . 31
6.1.1 Test method . 31
6.1.1.0 Introduction . 31
6.1.1.1 Void. 31
6.1.1.2 Above 1 000 MHz (see clause 4.2.2.2, tables 3 and 4) . 31
6.1.1.2.0 General . 31
6.1.1.2.1 Identification of the significant frequencies of spurious radiation . 31
6.1.1.2.2 Measurement of radiated power levels of identified spurious radiation . 32
6.2 On-axis spurious radiation . 33
6.2.1 Test method . 33
6.2.1.1 General . 33
6.2.1.2 Method of measurement . 33
6.2.1.2.1 General . 33
6.2.1.2.2 Method of measurement at the antenna flange . 34
6.2.1.2.3 Method of measurement with a test antenna . 35
6.3 Off-axis EIRP emissions density in the nominated bandwidth for 14 GHz AES and the power flux-
density resulting from the 13 GHz AES towards any location in the geostationary-satellite orbit . 36
6.3.1 14 GHz AES . 36
6.3.1.1 General . 36
6.3.1.2 rms antenna pointing accuracy . 36
6.3.1.2.1 Method of measurement . 36
6.3.1.3 Measurement of the off-axis EIRP without the antenna. 37
6.3.1.3.1 Transmitter output power density . 37
6.3.1.3.2 Antenna transmit gain . 38
6.3.1.3.3 Antenna transmit radiation patterns . 39
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5 Draft ETSI EN 302 186 V2.2.19 (2026-08)
6.3.1.3.4 Computation of results . 41
6.3.1.4 Measurement of the off-axis EIRP with the antenna . 41
6.3.1.4.1 General . 41
6.3.1.4.2 Maximum EIRP density per 40 kHz ratio relative to the EIRP . 41
6.3.1.4.3 Maximum on-axis EIRP . 41
6.3.1.4.4 Antenna transmit radiation patterns . 43
6.3.1.4.5 Computation of results . 45
6.3.2 13 GHz AES . 45
6.3.2.1 General . 45
6.4 Power Flux Density Test . 45
6.4.1 14 GHz AES . 45
6.4.1.1 General . 45
6.4.1.2 Verification of specification 1: Mode of PFD limitation . 46
6.4.1.3 Verification of specification 2: Location where to limit the PFD . 46
6.4.1.4 Verification of specification 3: PFD limitation . 46
6.4.1.4.1 Measurement of the antenna radiation pattern below the aircraft fuselage . 46
6.4.1.4.2 Measurement of on-axis EIRP as a function of altitude . 48
6.4.1.4.3 Computation of the power flux density at the surface of the Earth . 49
6.4.1.5 Verification of specification 4: Fault conditions . 49
6.4.1.5.1 Test Arrangement . 49
6.4.1.5.2 Test method . 49
6.4.2 13 GHz AES . 50
6.4.2.1 Test Method . 50
6.5 Control and monitoring . 50
6.5.0 General . 50
6.5.1 Test arrangement . 51
6.5.2 Processor monitoring . 51
6.5.2.1 Test method . 51
6.5.3 Transmit subsystem monitoring . 52
6.5.3.1 Test method . 52
6.5.4 Power-on/Reset . 52
6.5.4.1 Test method . 52
6.5.5 Control Channel (CC) reception . 52
6.5.5.1 Test method . 52
6.5.6 Network control commands . 54
6.5.6.1 Test method . 54
6.5.7 Initial burst transmission . 55
6.5.7.1 Test method . 55
6.6 Receive antenna off-axis gain pattern . 55
6.6.1 Test method . 55
6.6.1.1 Test site . 55
6.6.1.2 Method of measurement . 55
6.6.1.3 Computation . 56
6.7 Blocking performance . 56
6.7.1 General . 56
6.7.2 Test method . 56
6.8 Adjacent signal selectivity . 57
6.8.0 General . 57
6.8.1 Test method . 57
Annex A (informative): Relationship between the present document and the essential
requirements of Directive 2014/53/EU . 59
Annex B (normative): Environmental conditions . 62
B.1 General . 62
B.2 Environmental conformance . 62
Annex C (informative): Maximum measurement uncertainty . 63
Annex D (informative): Bibliography . 64
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6 Draft ETSI EN 302 186 V2.2.19 (2026-08)
Annex E (informative): Change history . 65
History . 66

ETSI
7 Draft ETSI EN 302 186 V2.2.19 (2026-08)
Intellectual Property Rights
Essential patents
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Group Specification (GS) or ETSI Standard (ES)) may have been declared to ETSI. The declarations pertaining to these
essential IPRs, if any, are publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found in
ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the
ETSI IPR online database.
Pursuant to the ETSI Directives including the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation regarding the essentiality of IPRs,
including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not
referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become,
essential to the present document.
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Foreword
This draft Harmonised European Standard (EN) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Satellite Earth
Stations and Systems (SES), and is now submitted for the combined Public Enquiry and Vote phase of the ETSI
Standardisation Request deliverable Approval Procedure (SRdAP).
The present document has been prepared under the Commission's standardisation request C(2015) 5376 final [i.2] to
provide one voluntary means of conforming to the essential requirements of Directive 2014/53/EU on the harmonisation
of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of radio equipment and repealing
Directive 1999/5/EC [i.7].
Once the present document is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union under that Directive, compliance with
the normative clauses of the present document given in Table A.1 confers, within the limits of the scope of the present
document, a presumption of conformity with the corresponding essential requirements of that Directive, and associated
EFTA regulations.
Proposed national transposition dates
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 3 months after ETSI publication
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 6 months after doa
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 18 months after doa

ETSI
8 Draft ETSI EN 302 186 V2.2.19 (2026-08)
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and
"cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of
provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
ETSI
9 Draft ETSI EN 302 186 V2.2.19 (2026-08)
1 Scope
The present document specifies technical characteristics and methods of measurements for Aircraft Earth Station (AES)
with both transmit and receive capabilities for provision of aeronautical mobile satellite service, in the frequency bands
given in Table 1.
Table 1: Frequency bands for the AES equipment specified in the present document
Mode of Operation Frequency Band
AES transmit 14,00 GHz to 14,50 GHz
AES transmit 12,75 GHz to 13,25 GHz
AES receive 10,70 GHz to 12,75 GHz

The AES has the following characteristics:
• These AESs are equipment for installation on aircraft.
• The AESs transmit in the 14,00 GHz to 14,50 GHz band, receive within the range from 10,70 GHz to
12,75 GHz , referred to as "14 GHz AES" in the present document, are operating in one or more frequency
ranges of the Fixed-Satellite Service and Aeronautical Mobile-Satellite Service.
• The AESs transmit in the 12,75 GHz to 13,25 GHz band and receive within the range from 10,70 GHz to
12,75 GHz , referred to as "13 GHz AES" in the present document, are operating in one or more frequency
ranges of the Fixed-Satellite Service.
NOTE 1: When the term "AES" used in the present document without stating 13 GHz AES or 14 GHz AES, it is a
reference to both 14 GHz AES and 13 GHz AES. When referring to AES in the 13 GHz band, the AES
acronym in this case is taken as equivalent to Earth Station In Motion, as referred to in the Radio
Regulations (RR) No. 5.496A (ESIM).
• The AES can consist of a number of modules from the antenna subsystem to the user interfaces.
• The AES uses linear polarization.
• The AES system uses digital modulation.
• The 14 GHz AES operates through a GSO satellite at least 3° away from any other geostationary satellite
operating in the same frequency band and covering the same area.
• The 13 GHz AES operates with a GSO satellite network whose frequency assignments are from the List of
Appendix 30B of the Radio Regulations.
• The antenna of the AES is directional, with means of tracking the satellites, which can be achieved by using
either an active phase array or reflective type configuration consistent with the AES to be brought to the
market.
• These AESs are operating as part of a satellite network used for the distribution and/or exchange of
information between users.
• These AESs are controlled and monitored by a Network Control Facility (NCF). The NCF is outside the scope
of the present document.
• When on the ground, the 14 GHz AES does not transmit at elevation angles below 7° with respect to the local
horizontal plane, except at locations where transmissions below 7° are permitted by the local Administration;
(the minimum elevation angle is also limited as per clause 4.2).
The technical requirements in the present document are in two major categories:
• emission limits: to protect other radio services and systems from harmful interference generated by the AES
in normal use;
ETSI
10 Draft ETSI EN 302 186 V2.2.19 (2026-08)
• AES Control and Monitoring Functions (CMFs): to protect other radio services and systems from unwanted
transmissions from the AES. The CMF in each AES is capable of answering to commands from the Network
Control Facility (NCF) for its supporting satellite network.
The present document applies to the AESs with their ancillary equipment and its various ports, and when operated
within the boundary limits of the operational environmental profile defined for its intended AES use as to be brought to
the market.
The technical requirements for the 14 GHz AES in regard to the Power Flux Density (PFD) limits to protect Fixed
Service (FS) and Radio Astronomy Service (RAS) are based on annexes B and C of Recommendation ITU-R
M.1643 [5] and ECC Report 26 [i.4]. Furthermore, in relation to the protection of the Fixed Satellite Service (FSS) the
technical requirements of the AES take into account annex A of Recommendation ITU-R M.1643 [5].
The technical requirements for the 13 GHz AES in regards to the PFD limits on earth for the protection of FS are based
on the ECC Decision (19)04 [i.12].
NOTE 2: The relationship between the present document and essential requirements of article 3.2 of Directive
2014/53/EU [i.7] is given in annex A.
The present document does not cover equipment compliance with relevant civil aviation regulations. In this respect, an
AES, for its installation and operation on board an aircraft is subject to additional national or international civil aviation
airworthiness certification requirements.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-
specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found in the
ETSI docbox.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long-term validity.
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
[1] Void.
[2] CISPR 16-1-1:2019: "Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods - Part 1-1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus - Measuring apparatus".
[3] Void.
[4] Void.
[5] Recommendation ITU-R M.1643 (06-2003): "Technical and operational requirements for aircraft
earth stations of aeronautical mobile-satellite service including those using fixed-satellite service
network transponders in the band 14-14.5 GHz (Earth-to-space)".
[6] Void.
[7] ETSI ETS 300 457 (Edition 1) (11-1995): "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Test
methods for Television Receive Only (TVRO) operating in the 11/12 GHz frequency bands".
ETSI
11 Draft ETSI EN 302 186 V2.2.19 (2026-08)
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long-term validity.
The following referenced documents may be useful in implementing an ETSI deliverable or add to the reader's
understanding, but are not required for conformance to the present document.
[i.1] Void.
[i.2] Commission Implementing Decision C(2015) 5376 final of 4.8.2015 on a standardisation request
to the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardisation and to the European
Telecommunications Standards Institute as regards radio equipment in support of Directive
2014/53/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council.
[i.3] Recommendation ITU-R S.524-9: "Maximum permissible levels of off-axis e.i.r.p. density from
earth stations in geostationary-satellite orbit networks operating in the fixed-satellite service
transmitting in the 6 GHz, 13 GHz, 14 GHz and 30 GHz frequency bands".
[i.4] ECC Report 26 (02-2003): "The compatibility & sharing of the aeronautical mobile satellite
service with existing services in the band 14,00 to 14,50 GHz Molde".
[i.5] ITU Radio Regulations (edition 2024).
[i.6] Void.
[i.7] Directive 2014/53/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014 on the
harmonisation of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of
radio equipment and repealing Directive 1999/5/EC (RE Directive).
[i.8] Recommendation ITU-R S.728-1: "Maximum permissible level of off-axis e.i.r.p. density from
very small aperture terminals (VSATs)".
[i.9] ETSI EG 203 336 (V1.2.1): "Guide for the selection of technical parameters for the production of
Harmonised Standards covering article 3.1(b) and article 3.2 of Directive 2014/53/EU".
[i.10] Void.
[i.11] EUROCAE ED-14 (2015) (Equivalent to RTCA DO-160D): "Environmental Conditions and Test
Procedures for Airborne Equipment".
[i.12] ECC Decision (19)04 (03-2020): "The harmonised use of spectrum, free circulation and use of
earth stations on-board aircraft operating with GSO FSS networks and NGSO FSS systems in the
frequency bands 12.75-13.25 GHz (Earth-to-space) and 10.7-12.75 GHz (space-to-Earth)".
[i.13] ERC/REC 74-01: "Unwanted emissions in the spurious domain".
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Terms
For the purposes of the present document, the terms given in Dir
...