SIST EN 13445-3:2002/A5:2006
(Amendment)Unfired pressure vessels - Part 3: Design
Unfired pressure vessels - Part 3: Design
Design method for openings when fatigue is not the controlling factor; the present method in Clause 9 makes no distinction and may be too conservative in these cases.
Unbefeuerte Druckbehälter - Teil 3: Konstruktion
Récipients sous pression non soumis a la flamme - Partie 3: Conception
Neogrevane tlačne posode – 3. del: Konstruiranje
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 13445-3:2002/A5:2006
01-maj-2006
1HRJUHYDQHWODþQHSRVRGH±GHO .RQVWUXLUDQMH
Unfired pressure vessels - Part 3: Design
Unbefeuerte Druckbehälter - Teil 3: Konstruktion
Récipients sous pression non soumis a la flamme - Partie 3: Conception
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 13445-3:2002/A5:2005
ICS:
23.020.30
SIST EN 13445-3:2002/A5:2006 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 13445-3:2002/A5
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
February 2006
ICS 23.020.30
English Version
Unfired pressure vessels - Part 3: Design
Récipients sous pression non soumis à la flamme - Partie Unbefeuerte Druckbehälter - Teil 3: Konstruktion
3: Conception
This amendment A5 modifies the European Standard EN 13445-3:2002; it was approved by CEN on 24 June 2005.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for inclusion of this
amendment into the relevant national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such
national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.
This amendment exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the
responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 13445-3:2002/A5:2006: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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EN 13445-3:2002/A5:2006 (E)
Foreword
This document (EN 13445-3:2002/A5:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 54 “Unfired
pressure vessels”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
The document includes the text of the amendment itself. The corrected pages of EN 13445-3 will be delivered
as Issue 17 of the standard.
This amendment is based on EN 13445-3 up to issue 16 (September 2005).
This Amendment to the European Standard EN 13445-3:2002 shall be given the status of a national standard,
either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2006, and conflicting
national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by August 2006.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland and United Kingdom.
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EN 13445-3:2002/A5:2006 (E)
9.3.2 Symbols
Definition of A change the reference to 9.5.2.4 by 9.5.2.3.3
fw
Delete definition of A
s
Definition for e change the reference to equation 9.-36 by 9.5-47.Modify definition of ϕ :
a,m
ϕ : obliquity angle in the longitudinal or transversal cross-section, measured between the normal to the wall at
the opening centre and the projection of the nozzle axis on the considered cross-section
_______________________________________________________________________________________
9.4.4 Elliptical or obround openings
st
In the 1 paragraph, change reference to 9.5.8 by 9.5.2.4.5
______________________________________________________________________________________
9.4.4.2
In the last paragraph (before the Note), change reference to equation 9.5-39 by 9.5-75 and reference to sub-
clause 9.5.7.1 by 9.5.2.4.4.1.
______________________________________________________________________________________
9.4.5.2 Openings with reinforcing plates
Add the following sentence after the first paragraph:
Reinforcing plates are normally situated on the external surface of the shell, but they may be situated also on
the internal surface or on both surfaces.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
9.4.5.3 Openings in dished ends
Replace the text with the following:
For openings in hemispherical ends and dished ends, the ratio d / D shall not exceed 0,6. Therefore, if the
e
opening is reinforced by a nozzle or a reinforcing ring d / D and d / D shall not exceed 0,6.
ib e ir e
_______________________________________________________________________________________
9.4.6 Limitations on thickness
Replace the title of sub-clause 9.4.6 and the text with the following three sub-clauses:
9.4.6 Effective thickness for nozzles :
9.4.6.1 in fatigue applications (i.e.: when the opening is a critical area as defined in Clause 17 )
The ratio e /e shall not exceed the value taken from the graph in Figure 9.4-14 and the value of e shall
b a,s b
. Nozzle thickness in excess of that calculated using Figure 9.4-14 shall not be
never exceed the value of e
a,b
included in the reinforcement calculation.
Furthermore the ratio e /e shall not exceed the value taken from the graph in Figure 9.4-15 .
a,b a,s
3
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EN 13445-3:2002/A5:2006 (E)
NOTE e is the effective thickness of the nozzle, to be used for the verification of the reinforcement; e is the analysis
b a,b
thickness of this nozzle; the ratio e /e limits the contribution of the nozzle to the resistance of the opening; the ratio
b a,s
e /e limits the analysis thickness of the nozzle, and thus its manufacturing thickness, in order to limit the stresses which
a,b a,s
can occur due to great thickness differences and to avoid the fatigue problems which can result.
9.4.6.2 in creep applications (i.e.: when the calculation temperature is situated in the creep range)
The effective thickness e may be taken equal to the analysis thickness e of the nozzle.
b a,b
However the ratio e /e shall not exceed the value taken from the graph in Figure 9.4-15.
a,b a,s
9.4.6.3 in applications without creep and without fatigue (i.e.: when the calculation temperature is
situated out of the creep range and the opening is not a critical area according to Clause 17 ):
The effective thickness e may be taken equal to the analysis thickness e of the nozzle and no limitations
a,b
b
apply to the ratio
e /e .
a,b a,s
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
9.4.7
In the 3rd paragraph, change reference to 9.5.7.3 by 9.5.2.4.4.2
______________________________________________________________________________________
9.4.8 Openings close to a shell butt-weld
Replace the title of sub-clause 9.4.8 and the text with the following:
9.4.8 Distance between a nozzle and a shell butt-weld
The distance between the centre line of a shell butt-weld (longitudinal or circumferential) and the centre of an
opening shall be either less than d / 6 or greater than the value l given by:
ib n
l = min (0,5 d + 2e ; 0,5 d + 40) (9.4-4)
n eb a,s eb
______________________________________________________________________________________
9.5 Isolated openings
Replace the entire sub-clause 9.5 with the following (keep figures 9.5-1 to 9.5-4):
9.5 Isolated openings
9.5.1 Limitations
An opening is considered isolated if the following condition is satisfied:
L ≥ a + a + l + l (9.5-1)
b 1 2 so1 so2
where
a and a are shown in Figures 9.6-1 to 4, and l and l are calculated according to
1 2 so1 so2
l = (2r + e ) ⋅ e (9.5-2)
so is c,s c,s
where
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EN 13445-3:2002/A5:2006 (E)
e is the assumed shell thickness to be taken as is explained in 9.3.2 ; normally the value of shell
c,s
analysis thickness e may be taken, but this may be conservative and sometimes it may be
a,s
advantageous to use a smaller assumed value for e to obtain smaller minimum distances from
c,s
adjacent shell discontinuities;
r is given by
is
— for cylindrical or spherical shells
D
e
r = − e (9.5-3)
is a,s
2
— for hemispherical or torispherical ends
r = R (9.5-4)
is
— for elliptical ends
2
0,44D
i
r = + 0,02D (9.5-5)
is i
2h
— for conical shells
D
e
r = − e (9.5-6)
is a,s
2 cos α
9.5.2 Reinforcement rules
9.5.2.1 General equation and its derivates
9.5.2.1.1 The general equation for the reinforcement of an isolated opening is given by
(Af + Af ) ( f - 0,5P) + Af (f - 0,5P) + Af (f - 0,5P) ≥ P (Ap + Ap + 0,5 Ap) (9.5-7)
s w s p op b ob s b ϕ
where
f = min (f ; f) (9.5-8)
ob s b
= min (f ; f) (9.5-9)
f
op s p
Where a reinforcing ring is fitted, Af and Ap shall be substituted for Af and Ap .
r r b b
9.5.2.1.2 For all reinforced openings except small openings and those reinforced by a ring, the equation
(9.5-7) applies; in particular:
a) Where either f or f is not greater than f , the reinforcement shall be determined from equation (9.5-7)
b p s
and P shall be obtained as follows
max
(Af + Af ) ⋅ f + Af ⋅ f + Af ⋅ f
s w b ob p op
s
P = (9.5-10)
max
(Ap + Ap + 0,5Ap ) + 0,5 (Af + Af + Af + Af )
s b s w b p
ϕ
b) Where f and f are both greater than f , the reinforcement shall be determined from
b p s
(Af + Af + Af + Af ) x (f - 0,5P) ≥ P (Ap + Ap + 0,5Ap) (9.5-11)
s w p b s s b ϕ
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EN 13445-3:2002/A5:2006 (E)
(Af + Af + Af + Af ) ⋅ f
s w b p
s
P = (9.5-12)
max
(Ap + Ap + 0,5Ap ) + 0,5(Af + Af + Af + Af )
s b ϕ s w b p
9.5.2.1.3 For an opening with a reinforcing ring:
a) where f is less than f , the following shall apply
r s
(Af + Af ) x ( f - 0,5P) + Af x (f - 0,5P) ≥ P (Ap + Ap + 0,5Ap) (9.5-13)
s w s r or s r ϕ
and P is given by
max
(Af + Af ) ⋅f + Af ⋅f
s w r or
s
P = (9.5-14)
max
(Ap + Ap + 0,5Ap ) + 0,5(Af + Af + Af )
s r s w r
ϕ
where f is given by
or
f = min (f ; f) (9.5-15)
or s r
b) where f is greater than or equal to f , the following shall apply
r s
(Af + Af + Af ) x ( f - 0,5P) ≥ P (Ap + Ap + 0,5Ap) (9.5-16)
s w r s s r ϕ
and P is given by
max
(Af + Af + Af ) ⋅f
s w r
s
P = (9.5-17)
max
(Ap + Ap + 0,5Ap ) + 0,5(Af + Af + Af )
s r s w r
ϕ
9.5.2.2 Small opening
A small opening is one which satisfies the following condition
d ≤ 0,15 (2r + e ) ⋅ e (9.5-18)
is c,s c,s
Where a small opening lies beyond the distance w defined in 9.7.3, no reinforcement check is necessary.
p
Where it lies within this distance, the reinforcement shall be in accordance with equation (9.5-7) or (9.5-11) as
appropriate. However the distance w between small opening and shell discontinuity shall respect the minimum
value w as required in 9.7.1.
min
9.5.2.3 General requirements for reinforcement
9.5.2.3.1 Reinforcing pads
For cases where a reinforcing pad contributes to the reinforcement (see Figures 9.4-3, 9.4-4, 9.4-10):
- reinforcing plates shall be fitted in close contact with the shell.
- the width of a reinforcing plate l' to be considered as contributing to reinforcement is given by
p
'
l = min(l ;l ) (9.5-19)
p so p
- the value of e used for the calculation of Af shall not exceed the following
p p
e = min(e ;e ) (9.5-20)
p a, p c,s
furthermore the analysis thickness of the reinforcing pad shall meet the following condition
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EN 13445-3:2002/A5:2006 (E)
e ≤ 1.5 e (9.5-21)
a,p a,s
- e and l are dimensions of reinforcing pads used in equations for openings that may be reinforced also
a,p p
by reinforcing pads; if reinforcing pad is not present then the values e and l shall be put equal to zero. If
a,p p
the reinforcing pad is contributing to reinforcement then, for all cases:
'
Af = l ⋅ e (9.5-22)
p p p
9.5.2.3.2 Weld joint coefficient
9.5.2.3.2.1 Opening intersecting with a shell governing weld
If an opening intersects with a shell governing weld (see definition in 5.6), the value f in equation (9.5-
s
7,11,13 and 16) for the shell material shall be replaced by f ·z, where z is the weld joint coefficient of the
s
shell.
9.5.2.3.2.2 Nozzle with a longitudinal weld
If a nozzle has a longitudinal weld having a weld joint factor z, the value f for the nozzle material shall be
b
replaced by fxz except for openings in cylindrical or conical shells if the angle θ as defined in subclause
b
9.3.2 is greater than 45°.
9.5.2.3.3 Fillet weld areas for compensation
For all cases:
- Af is the area of any welds connecting together the different components (shell to nozzle, shell to
w
reinforcing ring or reinforcing plate) which is located within length l’ on the shell (see 9.5.2.4.2) and
s
lengths l’ and l’ on the nozzle (see 9.5.2.4.4.1). Areas of welds already included in other areas, e.g.
b bi
Af , Af , Af or Af , shall be omitted from Af ( see Figures 9.4-6 and 9.4-10).
s r p b w
9.5.2.4 Pressure loaded cross-sectional areas Ap and stress loaded cross-sectional areas Af
9.5.2.4.1 General
With reference to the general equations and its derivates of paragraph 9.5.2.1 the stress loaded and pressure
loaded cross-sectional areas shall be calculated by different formulae depending on different cases of shells
and different cases of nozzles.
In presence of reinforcing pads the cross sectional area Af shall be calculated according 9.5.2.3.1
p
For fillet weld areas participating to the reinforcement the cross sectional area Af shall be evaluated
w
according 9.5.2.3.4.
For additional pressure loaded cross sectional area Ap due to the obliquity of a nozzle, see 9.5.2.4.5
ϕ
9.5.2.4.2 Shells with openings without nozzle or reinforcing ring, with or without reinforcing pads
9.5.2.4.2.1 On cylindrical shell, longitudinal cross-section
With reference to Figures 9.4-1 and 9.4-3 the values useful for compensation of opening shall be calculated
as follows:
d
a = (9.5-23)
2
D
e
r = − e (9.5-24)
is a,s
2
7
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EN 13445-3:2002/A5:2006 (E)
l = ((D − 2e ) + e ) ⋅ e (9.5-25)
so e a,s c,s c,s
'
l = min(l ;l ) (9.5-26)
s so s
'
Ap = r (l + a) + a ⋅ (e + e ) (9.5-27)
s is s a,s a, p
'
(9.5-28)
Af = l ⋅ e
s s c,s
If the closure of the opening is located inside the shell ( as in Figure 9.4-2 ), then:
'
Ap = r (l + a) (9.5-29)
s is s
For adequate reinforcement either equation (9.5-7) or (9.5-11), as appropriate, shall be satisfied.
9.5.2.4.2.2 On conical shell, longitudinal cross-section
With reference to Figure 9.4-13 the values useful for compensation of opening shall be calculated as follows:
d
a = (9.5-30)
2
D
e
r = − e (9.5-31)
is a,s
2cosα
D
e
l = (( − 2e ) + e ) ⋅ e (9.5-32)
so a,s c,s c,s
cosα
'
l = min(l ;l ) (9.5-33)
s so s
'
Af = l ⋅ e (9.5-34)
s s c,s
' '
Ap = 0,5⋅ (l + a) ⋅ (2r + (l + a) tanα) + a ⋅ (e + e ) (9.5-35)
s s is s a,s a, p
If the closure of the opening is located inside the ring, then :
' '
Ap = 0,5⋅ (l + a) ⋅ (2r + (l + a) tanα) (9.5-35a)
s s is s
For adequate reinforcement either equation (9.5-7) or (9.5-11), as appr
...
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