SIST EN 1991-1-4:2005/A1:2010

Eurocode 1: Actions on structures - Part 1-4: General actions - Wind actions

(1)  EN 1991-1-4 gives guidance on the determination of natural wind actions for the structural design of building and civil engineering works for each of the loaded areas under consideration. This includes the whole structure or parts of the structure or elements attached to the structure, e. g. components, cladding units and their fixings, safety and noise barriers.
(2)  This Part is applicable to:
   .  Buildings and civil engineering works with heights up to 200 m. See also (11).  
   .  Bridges  having  no  span  greater  than  200 m,  provided  that they satisfy the criteria for dynamic response, see (11) and 8.2.
(3)  This  part  is  intended  to  predict  characteristic  wind actions  on land-based structures, their components and appendages.
(4)  Certain aspects necessary to determine wind actions on a structure are dependent on the location and on the availability and quality of meteorological  data, the type of terrain, etc. These need to be provided in the National Annex and Annex A, through National choice by notes in the text as indicated. Default values and methods are given in the main text, where the National Annex does not provide information.
(5)  Annex A gives illustrations of the terrain categories and provides rules for the effects of orography including  displacement  height,  roughness  change,  influence  of  landscape  and  influence  of neighbouring structures.
(6)  Annex B and C give alternative procedures for calculating the structural factor cscd.
(7)  Annex D gives cscd factors for different types of structures.
(8)  Annex E gives rules for vortex induced response and some guidance on other aeroelastic effects.
(9)  Annex F gives dynamic characteristics of structures with linear behaviour
(10) This part does not give guidance on local thermal effects on the characteristic wind, e.g. strong arctic thermal surface inversion or funnelling or tornadoes.
11) This part does not give guidance on the following aspects:

Eurocode 1: Einwirkungen auf Tragwerke - Teil 1-4: Allgemeine Einwirkungen - Windlasten

Eurocode 1: Actions sur les structures - Partie 1-4 : Actions générales - Actions du vent

Evrokod 1: Vplivi na konstrukcije - 1-4. del: Splošni vplivi - Obtežbe vetra

EN 1991-1-4 podaja navodila glede določevanja obtežbe naravnega vetra na projektiranje zgradb in gradbena dela za vsako od obravnavanih področij pod obtežbo. To vključuje celotno konstrukcijo ali dele konstrukcije ali elemente, ki so pritrjeni na konstrukcijo, npr. sestavne dele, fasadne enote in njihovo pritrjevanje, varnost in protihrupne pregrade.
Ta del se uporablja za:
- Zgradbe in civilna gradbena dela na višini do 200 m. Glej tudi točko (11).
- Mostove, pri katerih ni noben lok večji kot 200 m, pod pogojem, da ustrezajo pogojem za dinamični odziv, glej točki (11) in 8.2. Ta del je namenjen napovedovanju značilnosti obtežbe vetra na konstrukcije na kopnem, njihove komponente in dodatke. Določeni vidiki, ki so potrebni za določevanje obtežbe vetra na konstrukcijo, so odvisni od lokacije in od razpoložljivosti ter kvalitete meteoroloških podatkov, vrste zemljišča, itd. Le-te je treba določiti v Nacionalnem dodatku in Dodatku A, s pomočjo nacionalne izbire in z opombami v besedilu, kot je nakazano. Privzete vrednosti in metode so podane v glavnem besedilu, kadar Nacionalni dodatek ne podaja informacij. Dodatek A podaja ilustracije glede kategorije terena in zagotavlja pravila za učinke orografije, vključno z odmikom višine, spremembo grobosti, vplivom krajine in vplivom sosednjih konstrukcij. Dodatka B in C podajata alternativne postopke za izračun faktorja konstrukcije cscd. Dodatek D podaja cscd faktorje za različne tipe konstrukcij. Dodatek E podaja pravila za odziv, ki ga povzroči vrtinec, in nekaj navodil glede drugih aerolastičnih učinkov.
Dodatek F podaja dinamične lastnosti konstrukcij z linearnim obnašanjem. Ta del ne podaja navodil glede lokalnih toplotnih učinkov na značilni veter, t.j. močna arktična temperaturna površinska inverzija ali učinek lijaka ali tornadov.
Ta del ne podaja navodil glede naslednjih vidikov:
- obtežba vetra na rebraste stolpe z nevzporedna mrežasto strukturo,
- obtežba vetra na drogove in dimnike, pritrjene z vrvmi,
- torzionalne tresljaje, npr. visoke zgradbe s centralnim jedrom,
- tresljaje krova mostu zaradi prečne turbulence vetra,
- mostove, ki so podprti s kabli,
- tresljaje, pri katerih je treba upoštevati več kot samo osnoven način.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Public Enquiry End Date: 29-Nov-2009
• Publication Date: 21-Jul-2010
• ICS: 91.010.30 - Technical aspects
• Technical Committee: KON - Structures
• Current Stage: 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 17-May-2010
• Due Date: 22-Jul-2010
• Completion Date: 22-Jul-2010
• Directive: 2005-01-4408 - Pravilnik o mehanski odpornosti in stabilnosti objektov
• Ref Project: EN 1991-1-4:2005/A1:2010 - Eurocode 1: Actions on structures - Part 1-4: General actions - Wind actions

Relations

• Amends: SIST EN 1991-1-4:2005 - Eurocode 1: Actions on structures - Part 1-4: General actions - Wind actions
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2010

Overview

EN 1991-1-4:2005/A1:2010 (Eurocode 1 - Part 1-4) defines how to determine wind actions (wind loads) for the structural design of buildings and civil engineering works. The standard covers wind effects on entire structures, parts of structures and attached elements - for example components, cladding, fixings, safety and noise barriers. It is applicable to buildings up to 200 m high and to bridges with spans up to 200 m that satisfy dynamic-response criteria. The amendment A1 (2010) updates pressure-coefficient tables, zoning rules for roofs and other procedural clarifications.

Key topics and technical requirements

• Scope and applicability: Land-based structures, components and appendages; limits on height and bridge span (up to 200 m), with dynamic criteria for bridges.
• Determination of characteristic wind actions: Procedures to compute wind pressure and forces on global structure and local elements.
• Terrain, orography and roughness: Annex A illustrates terrain categories and gives rules for orography effects, displacement height, roughness change, landscape influence and neighbouring structures.
• Pressure coefficients and zoning: Roofs (flat, monopitch, duopitch, hipped, multispan) should be divided into zones with pressure coefficients defined per zone; recommended values appear in the main text and amendment tables.
• Dynamic and aeroelastic effects: Annex E addresses vortex-induced response and guidance on other aeroelastic phenomena; Annex F gives dynamic characteristics for linear behaviour.
• Structural factor cscd: Alternative calculation procedures are provided in Annexes B and C; Annex D gives typical cscd values for different structures.
• National choices and National Annex: Several parameters (e.g., pressure coefficients, zone definitions, roughness values) are subject to national choice and must be specified in a National Annex. Default values/methods are used where the National Annex is silent.
• Exclusions: Local thermal effects on wind (strong thermal inversions, funneling, tornadoes) are not covered.

Applications

• Designing wind-resistant buildings, roofs, canopies, cladding systems and fixings.
• Assessing wind loads for bridges (within span/height limits) and noise/safety barriers.
• Performing wind-load zoning and selecting external pressure coefficients for structural calculations.
• Evaluating dynamic response and aeroelastic risks (vortex shedding, buffeting) for tall or slender structures.

Who uses this standard

• Structural and wind engineers
• Bridge designers and civil engineers
• Architects and façade/cladding manufacturers
• Code officials, building control authorities and standards committees

Related standards

• Eurocode suite (e.g., EN 1990 Basis of structural design; EN 1992, EN 1993 for material-specific design) - used alongside EN 1991-1-4 for full structural design compliance.

Keywords: EN 1991-1-4, Eurocode 1, wind actions, wind loads, pressure coefficients, terrain categories, orography, National Annex, wind engineering, structural design.

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-september-2010
Evrokod 1: Vplivi na konstrukcije - 1-4. del: Splošni vplivi - Obtežbe vetra
Eurocode 1: Actions on structures - Part 1-4: General actions - Wind actions
Eurocode 1: Einwirkungen auf Tragwerke - Teil 1-4: Allgemeine Einwirkungen -
Windlasten
Eurocode 1: Actions sur les structures - Partie 1-4 : Actions générales - Actions du vent
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 1991-1-4:2005/A1:2010
ICS:
91.010.30 7HKQLþQLYLGLNL Technical aspects
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 1991-1-4:2005/A1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
April 2010
ICS 91.010.30
English Version
Eurocode 1: Actions on structures - Part 1-4: General actions -
Wind actions
Eurocode 1: Actions sur les structures - Partie 1-4 : Actions Eurocode 1: Einwirkungen auf Tragwerke - Teil 1-4:
générales - Actions du vent Allgemeine Einwirkungen - Windlasten
This amendment A1 modifies the European Standard EN 1991-1-4:2005; it was approved by CEN on 18 February 2010.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for inclusion of this
amendment into the relevant national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such
national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.

This amendment exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the
responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 1991-1-4:2005/A1:2010: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Foreword
This document (EN 1991-1-4:2005/A1:2010) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 250
“Structural Eurocodes”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text
or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2011, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest
by October 2010.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.

Page 7
National annex for EN 1991-1-4 - add the following:

“7.2.3(2)”
“7.2.3(4)”
“7.2.4(1)”
“7.2.4(3)”
“7.2.5(1)”
“7.2.5(3)”
“7.2.6(1)”
“7.2.6(3)”
“7.2.7”
“7.3(6)”
“7.9.2(2)”
“Table 7.14”
Page 37
7.2.3 Flat roofs
Delete 7.2.3(2) and replace with:

“7.2.3(2) The roof should be divided in zones.

NOTE  The zones may be defined by the National Annex.
The recommended zones are given in Figure 7.6.”

Delete 7.2.3(4) and (5) and replace with:

“7.2.3(4) Pressure coefficients should be defined for each zone.

NOTE 1  The pressure coefficients may be set by the National Annex.
The recommended values are given in Table 7.2
NOTE 2  The resulting pressure coefficient on the parapet should be determined using 7.4.”

Page 39
Table 7.2 – Delete title and replace with the following:

“Recommended values of external pressure coefficients for flat roofs.”

In NOTE 3 delete “shall” and replace with “should”.

SIST EN
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