SIST EN ISO 2060:1996

Textiles - Yarn from packages - Determination of linear density (mass per unit length) by the skein method (ISO 2060:1994)

Cancels and replaces the first edition (1972). Specifies a method for the determination of the linear density of all types of yarn in package form. Includes seven optional procedures based on different methods of conditioning and preparation. This method is applicable to single yarns; folded yarns; cabled yarns. Not applicable to yarns which stretch more than 0,5 % when the tension, in centinewtons, per unit linear density of yarn, in tex, increases from 0,5 to 1,0. Not applicable to yarns having a linear density greater than 2 000 tex.

Textilien - Garne von Aufmachungseinheiten - Bestimmung der Feinheit (Masse je Längeneinheit) durch Strangverfahren (ISO 2060:1994)

Die vorliegende Internationale Norm legt ein Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Feinheit sämtlicher Garntypen auf Aufmachungseinheiten, mit Ausnahme der Garne fest, die Gegenstand einer gesonderten Internationalen Norm sein können 1), 2). Sie enthält sieben Wahlverfahren auf der Grundlage unterschiedlicher Verfahren für die Angleichung und Vorbereitung sowie unterschiedliche Vorgabeempfehlungen (siehe 4.1 und 4.2).

Textiles - Fils sur enroulements - Détermination de la masse linéique (masse par unité de longueur) par la méthode de l'écheveau (ISO 2060:1994)

Tekstilije - Preje z navitkov - Določanje dolžinske mase

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Apr-1996
• ICS: 59.080.20 - Yarns
• Technical Committee: ITEK - Textile and textile products
• Current Stage: 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 01-May-1996
• Due Date: 01-May-1996
• Completion Date: 01-May-1996
• Ref Project: EN ISO 2060:1995 - Textiles - Yarn from packages - Determination of linear density (mass per unit length) by the skein method (ISO 2060:1994)

Overview

EN ISO 2060:1995 - Textiles - Yarn from packages - Determination of linear density (mass per unit length) by the skein method (ISO 2060:1994) - specifies a standardized laboratory procedure to determine the linear density (mass per unit length, expressed in tex) of yarn taken from packages. It cancels the 1972 edition and covers single, folded (plied) and cabled yarns using the skein method with seven optional conditioning/measurement procedures. The method is widely used in textile quality control, product specification and commercial verification.

Key topics and technical requirements

• Scope & limits
  • Applies to yarns in package form (single, folded, cabled).
  • Not applicable to yarns that stretch >0.5% when tension per unit linear density increases from 0.5 to 1.0 cN/tex, unless agreed by parties.
  • Not applicable to yarns >2 000 tex (special conditions may be agreed).
• Seven optional procedures for mass measurement (unscoured and scoured yarns). Options include:
  • Mass at equilibrium with the standard test atmosphere.
  • Oven‑dry mass (105 °C ± 3 °C) and oven‑dry mass plus commercial moisture regain or commercial allowance.
  • NOTE: Options 1, 3 and 7 are recommended where applicable.
• Specimen preparation
  • Preconditioning: minimum 4 h in the specified preconditioning atmosphere.
  • Conditioning to moisture equilibrium for testing: typically 24 h or until mass change ≤ 0.1% between successive 30 min exposures.
• Skein lengths (typical)
  • 200 m for yarns < 12.5 tex
  • 100 m for yarns 12.5–100 tex
  • 10 m for yarns > 100 tex
• Apparatus & measurement
  • Reel with traversing device (recommended perimeter ≈ 1 m).
  • Ventilated drying oven (air supply, 105 °C ± 3 °C).
  • Balance with sensitivity ≈ 1 part in 1 000 of skein mass.
• Reporting & units
  • Linear density expressed in the Tex system and reported to three significant figures.
  • Optionally calculate coefficient of variation (CV) - base on ≥20 specimens for statistical reliability.

Applications and users

• Who uses it: textile testing laboratories, yarn manufacturers, spinning mills, quality assurance teams, buyers/suppliers and inspection bodies.
• Practical uses:
  • Quality control of yarn production and incoming material inspection.
  • Contract and trade verification of commercial mass and linear density.
  • Product development and specification (ensuring consistent tex values).
  • Combined testing with strength or commercial mass measurements (when agreed lengths/conditions are used).

Related standards

• ISO 139 - Standard atmospheres for conditioning/testing
• ISO 1139 - Designation of yarns
• ISO 1144 - Tex system for linear density
• ISO 1833, ISO 1889, ISO 10120 - related textile/yarn analysis standards

Keywords: EN ISO 2060:1995, skein method, linear density, tex, yarn testing, textile standards, yarn from packages, conditioning, oven-dry mass.

Standards Content (Sample)

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Textilien - Garne von Aufmachungseinheiten - Bestimmung der Feinheit (Masse je Längeneinheit) durch Strangverfahren (ISO 2060:1994)Textiles - Fils sur enroulements - Détermination de la masse linéique (masse par unité de longueur) par la méthode de l'écheveau (ISO 2060:1994)Textiles - Yarn from packages - Determination of linear density (mass per unit length) by the skein method (ISO 2060:1994)59.080.20PrejeYarnsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN ISO 2060:1995SIST EN ISO 2060:1996en01-maj-1996SIST EN ISO 2060:1996SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 2060 Second edition 1994-12-01 Textiles - Yarn from packages - Determination of linear density (mass per unit length) by the skein method Textiles - Fils sur enroulements - Determination de Ia masse linkque (masse par unitb de longueur) par Ia methode de I’kcheveau Reference number ISO 2060:1994(E) SIST EN ISO 2060:1996

ISO 2060: 1994(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national Standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Esch member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. International Standard ISO 2060 was prepared by Technical Committee lSO/TC 38, Textiles, Subcommittee SC 5, Yarn testing. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition ISO 2060:1972, which has been technically revised. Annexes A and B form an integral patt of this International Standard. An- nexes C, D and E are for information only. 0 ISO 1994 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronie or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without Permission in writing from the publisher. International Organization for Standa rdization Case Postale 56 l CH-l 21 1 Geneve 20 l Switzerland Printed in Switzerland ii SIST EN ISO 2060:1996

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 0 60 ISO 2060: 1994(E) Textiles - Yarn from packages - Determination linear density (mass per unit length) by the skein method of 1 Scope This International Standard specifies a method for the determination of the linear density of all types of yarn in package form, with the exception of any yarn that may be the subject of a separate International Stan- dard? lt includes seven optional procedures based on dif- ferent methods of conditioning and preparation (see 4.1 and 4.2). Since the different procedures do not give the same values, it is essential that the proce- dure used is agreed by all Parties interested in the test results. While this method is designed solely for the determi- nation of mass per unit length of yarn, it is frequently desirable to combine this determination with tests for strength and/or tests for commercial mass. If, in such a case, skein lengths other than those specified are used, the length used, and any special corrections based on it, are subject to agreement between the interested Parties. This method is applicable to a) Single yarns (spun, monofilament or multifila- ment); b) folded (plied) yarns; c) cabled yarns. lt is not applicable, except by agreement, to yarns which stretch more than 0,5 % when the tension, in centinewtons, per unit linear density of yarn, in tex, increases from 0,5 to l,O. Such yarns may be tested under special conditions if they are accepted by all the Parties interested in the test results. The method is not applicable to yarns having a linear density greater than 2 000 tex. For such yarns, other skein lengths and special conditions of reeling may be adopted by agreement of the interested Parties. 2 Normative references The following Standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. At the time of pub- lication, the editions indicated were valid. All stan- dards are subject to revision, and Parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the Standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 139: 1973, Textiles - Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing. ISO 1139:1973, Textiles - Designation of yarns. ISO 1144:1973, Textiles - Universal System for des- igna ting linear density (Tex System). ISO 1833:1977 and ISO 1833:1977/Amd.1:1980, Textiles - Binary fibre mixtures - Quantitative chemical analysis. 1) See also ISO 1889:1987, Textile glass - Continuous filament yarns, staple fibre yams, textured yarns and rovings (pack- ages) - Determination of linear density and ISO 10120:1991, Carbon fibre - Determination of linear density, which were prepared specially for the needs of textile glass technologies. SIST EN ISO 2060:1996

ISO 2060: 1994(E) 0 ISO 3 Definitions For the purposes of this International Standard, the following definitions apply. 3.1 linear density: Mass per unit length of a yarn. lt is expressed in tex or its multiples or submultiples. [see ISO 1139:1973 and ISO 1144:1973.] 3.2 commercial moisture regain: Arbitrary value formally adopted as the moisture regain to be used with the oven-dry mass when calculating a) the linear density, or b) the commercial or legal mass of a shipment or lot (consignment) of any specific textile material. 3.3 commercial allowance: Arbitrary value equiv- alent to the commercial moisture regain plus an ap- proved allowance for finish, formally adopted for use with the oven-dry mass when calculating a) the linear density, or b) the comm ercial or legal mas s of a sh delivery of any spec ific textile material. ipmen t or 3.4 moisture equilibrium: Condition reached by a Sample at a closely defined temperature and relative humidity when the net differente between the amount of moisture absorbed and the amount desorbed, as indicated by a Change in mass, Shows no trend and becomes insignificant. 3.5 moisture equilibrium for testing: A textile material is in moisture equilibrium with the ambient atmosphere when it does not exchange water with this atmosphere; its mass then remains constant as long as the experiment is carried out in an unchanged atmosphere. For test purposes, moisture equilibrium is reached by absorption starting from a relatively low moisture content. Moisture equilibrium for testing is considered as having been reached when the rate of increase in mass of a Sample or specimen due to moisture uptake does not exceed that prescribed for the material being tested (see ISO 139). 36 . moisture-free mass (1) Constant mass of a specimen obtained by drying material at a temperature of 105 “C + 3 “C in a cur- rent of dry air. (2) Amount of dry substance calculated from inde- pendent determination of moisture content, for ex- ample, distillation with an immiscible solvent or titration with Karl Fischer reagent (see also 3.7). 3.7 oven-dry mass: Constant mass of a specimen obtained by drying in an oven under prescribed con- ditions of temperature and humidity. NOTE 1 Conditions most frequently used are a tempera- ture of 105 “C + 3 “C and an air supply having a relative humidity of 65 % at 20 “C, under which conditions the specimens will not be moisture-free. 3.8 yarn package: Length or lengths of yarn in a form suitable for use, handling, storing or shipping. Packages may be unsupported, such as balls, skeins or cakes, or supported, such as bobbins, cops, cones, pirns, spools, tubes or beams. 3.9 test skein; lea skein; numbering skein: Small skein which has a prescribed length of yarn and is used in this International Standard for the determi- nation of linear density or breaking load, or both. 4 Principle The linear density is calculated from the length and mass of suitable specimens. Spetimens of suitable length are prepared by reeling test skeins for yarn numbering under specified conditions from samples that have been adequately conditioned after suitable preconditioning in skein form. In practice, the mass of the skeins is determined under various conditions, as noted in 4.1 .l to 4.1.3 and 4.2.1 to 4.2.4. Any one of the Options given in 4.1 and 4.2 may be used if mutually agreed. 4.1 Unscoured yarn 4.1.1 Option 1: mass of the conditioned yarn at equilibrium with the Standard atmosphere for testing (see 11.3.1). 4.1.2 Option 2: mass of the oven-dry yarn (see 11.3.2). 4.1.3 Option 3: mass of the oven-dry yarn plus the commercial moisture regain (see 11.3.3). 4.2 Scoured yarn 4.2.1 Option 4: mass of the scoured yarn at equi- Iibrium with the Standard atmosphere for testing (see 11.4.2). 2 SIST EN ISO 2060:1996

0 ISO ISO 2060: 1994(E) 4.2.2 Option 5: mass of the scoured oven-dry yarn (see 11.4.3). 4.2.3 Option 6: mass of the scoured oven-dry yarn, plus the commercial moisture regain (see 11.4.4). 4.2.4 Option 7: mass of the scoured oven-dry yarn, plus the commercial allowances (see 11.4.5). NOTE 2 The use of Option 1, 3 or 7 is recommended. 5 Apparatus 5.1 Reel, having a perimeter such that the required length of yarn is given by a whole number of rev- olutions, and with a traversing device that will avoid bunthing of the yarn during reeling. A perimeter of 1,000 m + 2,5 mm is recommended. - suppling predried air to the oven. However, results of equal precision (but at somewhat lower levels of observed moisture content) may be obtained by supplying upper lim- its of temperature and humidity. 5.3 Balance, having an appropriate capacity and a sensitivity equal to 1 part in 1,000 of the mass of the skein or skeins to be weighed. (These tolerantes ap- ply to the balance used, whether or not it is combined with the oven.) 5.4 Auxiliary equipment suited to the samples and procedures to be used, including conventional Sample supports, weighing bottles with ground glass stop- per-s, tared wire gauze weighing baskets of noncorrodible metal, etc. 5.5 Facilities for scouring or if required (see annex C). extracting samples, The reel shall be either 6 Standard atmospheres a) fitted with a positive feed System at a controlled tension 0% 0,5 -+ 0,l cN/tex, or - b) fitted with an adjustable tension device. In this case, the length of the skein may be checked by some suitable means (see annex A). Variations in the specified length of the perimeter shall be small enough that skeins prepared on the reel conform with the specifications given in annex A. NOTE 3 Existing reels with perimeters other than 1 m may be used if mutually agreed by the interested Parties. 5.2 Ventilated drying oven, in which the yarn specimens are exposed at a temperature maintained at 105 “C + 3 “C. The specimens shall not be subject - to direct radiation from the heating units. The oven shall be supplied with a current of predried air (less than 0,Ol g of water per 1 000 1) at such a rate that the volume of air in the oven will be renewed at least once every 4 min. Alternatively, by agreement of all interested Parties, the oven may be supplied with air at any specified temperature and relative humidity (RH.). The oven shall be designed to facilitate the free passage of air through the specimens. The oven may be provided with facilities for cutting off the air current and weighing the specimens without their removal from the oven. NOTE 4 Air under Standard temperature conditions (65 % R.H. at 20 “C) has a moisture vapour pressure of 1 515 Pa. lf the temperature of this air is rarsed to 105 “C, the air will have a relative humidity of 1,25 %. Under these conditions, samples of textiles with a high moisture regain, such as regenerated cellulose or wool, may retain up to 0,5 % moisture. Accurate results tan be secured only by The atmospheres for preconditioning, conditioning and testing shall be as specified in ISO 139. NOTE 5 Air at 20 “C and 65 % R.H. has a water vapour pressure of 1 515 Pa and when heated to 47 “C + 3 “C will produce an atmosphere having a relative humidity of 12,3 % to 16,7 %. Air at the maximum limit of 22 “C and 67 % R.H. has a water vapour pressure of 1 770 Pa which, heated to 44 “C to 50 “C, results in humidities in the range of 14,3 % to 19,4 %. Any departure from the Standard pre- conditioning atmosphere should be agreed by the interested Parties and the temperature and humidity used stated in the test report. 7 Sampling 7.1 Sampling shall be carried out in one of the fol- lowing ways: a) according to directions, if any, given in the ma- terial specification; b) according to procedures approved by ISO f tile products, if directions on sampling are cluded in the material specification; c) according to the method given in annex B or tex- not in- 7.2 The bulk Sample shall be taken in such a manner that it is representative of the lot (consignment) to be tested (see annex B). 7.3 One laboratory Sample skein shall be reeled from each laboratory Sample package. The skeins shall be long enough to provide yarn for all tests re- 3 SIST EN ISO 2060:1996

ISO 2060:1994( E) 0 ISO quired. In reeling the skeins, the yarn shall be taken from the end of the package if this is the normal method of use; otherwise the yarn shall be taken from the side of the package. The few metres of yarns at the beginning and end of the package shall be dis- carded in Order to avoid damaged sections. 8 Preconditioning and conditioning Carry 0 ut preconditioning and conditioning of the lab- Orator-y sa mple skeins as spec ified in 8.1 a nd 8.2. 8.1 Precondition the laboratory Sample skeins by exposing them to freely moving air in the specified atmosphere for preconditioning (see clause 6) for a minimum of 4 h. Samples shall not be oven-dried during precondition- ing. Even though the term “preconditioning” is fre- quently translated as “predrying”, only partial drying is needed. 8.2 After preconditioning the laboratory Sample skeins as specified in 8.1, bring them to moisture equilibrium for testing by exposing them to the ap- propriate Standard atmosphere for testing for 24 h or until there is no progressive Change in mass greater than 0,l % in successive exposures of at least 30 min duration (see also annex D). 9 Test specimens 9.1 Length 9.1.1 Test skeins for measurement of linear density shall be of the following lengths whether the yarn is Single, folded, multiplied or cabled: a) 200 m for yarns having a linear density below 12,5 tex; b) 100 m for yarns having a linear density from 12,5 to 100 tex; c) IO m for yarns having a linear density of more than 100 tex. NOTES 6 Tolerantes for skein Oengths are given in annex A. 7 In the cas e of folded and cabled yarns, the limit applies to the linear density of the resultant yarn. stated 9.1.2 If it is desired to combine the determination of linear density as described in this International Standard with the determination of other properties, for example skein strength or commercial mass, the lengths specified in 9.1 .l shall be used as far as possible. When shorter lengths are required for strength tests, additional skeins shall be reeled to se- eure the lengths required in this method; for example, two 50 m skeins for a required 100 m length. Ad- ditional skeins of the length specified may be taken for other purposes as required. 9.2 Number Test the number of specimens required in the ma- terial specification when applicable; otherwise, test one specimen from each laboratory Sample skein. 10 Preparation of specimens (test skeins) for yarn numbering 10.1 Mount the conditioned laboratory Sample skeins, prepared as specified in clause 7, on a swift or other equipment to facilitate rotation. 10.2 Using a winding tension described in 5.1, pre- pare a test skein, or skeins, by reeling the required number of turns to secure the length needed. When reeling a skein, traverse the specimen over the full width permitted by the reel to reduce the superpos- ition of the second layers of yarn on the first layer of the reel. Cut the test skein free from the laboratory Sample skein, tie the ends of the skein together and tut the loose ends short (less than 2,5 cm). Remove the test skein from the reel for weighing. NOTE 8 In the event of dispute of skein length, a skein gauge or other mutually agreeable means should be used (see annex A). IO.3 Repeat the procedure given in 10.2 to obtain the required number of skeins. IO.4 If the test skein is to be used for the determi- nation of yarn strength by either the Single-Strand or skein test, collapse one or more arms of the reels before removing the skein. 11 Procedure and calculations 11.1 Units For all Options, determine the linear density in units of the Tex System (see ISO 1144). Round off calcu- 4 SIST EN ISO 2060:1996

0 ISO ISO 2060:1994( E) lated values and report them to three significant fig- ures. NOTE 9 Factors for converting units of the Tex System to other units in common use are given in annex E. 11.2 Variability of observations If desired, calculate the coefficient of Variation of the observed values of linear density by recognized stat- istical methods but base the calculation on at least 20 specimens. Rounding of the mean values shall be re- ported, taking into account the accuracy of the indi- vidual length and mass measurements. NOTE 10 The coefficient of Variation of linear density of a yarn decreases as skein length increases. The coefficients of Variation calculated according to this method will accord- ingly be c
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