SIST-TP CEN/TR 16208:2014
(Main)Biobased products - Overview of standards
Biobased products - Overview of standards
This Technical Report analyzes a set of standards, documents and other reports, related to bio-based products. The report is limited to the aims of mandate M/429 on bio-based products, and hence excludes traditional products, energy applications and food.
Biobasierte Produkte - Übersicht über Normen
Dieser Fachbericht ist das Ergebnis einer Analyse von Normen, Berichten und anderen Veröffentlichungen im Zusammenhang mit bio-basierten Produkten. Er beschränkt sich auf die Ziele des Mandats M/429 und schließt daher traditionelle Produkte, Nahrungsmittel und Energie aus.
Produits biosourcés - Vue d'ensemble des normes
Le présent Rapport technique analyse un ensemble de normes, documents et autres rapports relatifs aux
produits biosourcés. Le rapport est limité aux objets du mandat M/429 relatif aux produits biosourcés et, par
conséquent, exclut les produits traditionnels, les applications énergétiques et les denrées alimentaires.
Bioizdelki - Pregled standardov
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST-TP CEN/TR 16208:2014
01-februar-2014
Bioizdelki - Pregled standardov
Biobased products - Overview of standards
Biobasierte Produkte - Übersicht über Normen
Produits biosourcés - Vue d'ensemble des normes
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TR 16208:2011
ICS:
13.020.55 Biološki izdelki Biobased products
SIST-TP CEN/TR 16208:2014 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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TECHNICAL REPORT
CEN/TR 16208
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHER BERICHT
May 2011
ICS 13.020.60; 71.100
English Version
Biobased products - Overview of standards
Produits biosourcés - Vue d'ensemble des normes Biobasierte Produkte - Übersicht von Normen und
Standards
This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 26 March 2011. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/SS N99.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TR 16208:2011: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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Contents Page
Foreword . 3
1 Scope . 4
2 Criteria & approach . 4
2.1 Results presented in this report. 4
2.2 Criteria list . 4
2.3 Analysis approach . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 5
3.1 Bio-content / Amount of renewable raw materials . 5
3.2 Product functionality / Technical performance . 6
3.3 End of life / Biodegradability / Compostability / Recycling / Durability . 7
3.4 Life-Cycle Assessment / GHG emissions / Energy use / Other LCA criteria . 8
3.5 Sustainability / Environmental / Social / Economic criteria . 9
4 Standards and documents analysis matrix .10
5 Scope of standards .13
5.1 Vocabulary .13
5.2 Life Cycle Analysis .14
5.3 Bio-based content .30
5.4 Specific products .33
6 Coverage of criteria .43
6.1 Bio-based content .43
6.2 Product functionality .43
6.3 End of life .46
6.4 Life-Cycle Analysis .47
6.5 Sustainability.48
7 Conclusions .50
Annex A (informative) End-of-Life standards .51
Annex B (informative) Related Technical Committees .56
Bibliography .57
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Foreword
This document (CEN/TR 16208:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/BT/WG 209 “Bio-
based products”,, the secretariat of which is held by DIN .
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
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1 Scope
This Technical Report analyzes a set of standards, documents and other reports, related to bio-based
products. The report is limited to the aims of mandate M/429 on bio-based products, and hence excludes
traditional products, energy applications and food.
2 Criteria & approach
2.1 Results presented in this report
1. Criteria and approach
2. A standards and documents analysis matrix, which identifies relevant standards, manuals and reference
documents on bio-based products, and their relevance to pre-defined criteria
3. A chapter with descriptions of the scope of all the relevant standards, manuals and reference documents;
an evaluation of the applicable criteria to each paper ('horizontal assessment" of the matrix)
4. A chapter with an evaluation of coverage per criterion and the resulting gap ("vertical assessment" of the
matrix)
5. Conclusions
Sources of information include:
EU Lead Market Initiative documents (LMI);
standards (CEN, ASTM, ASME, BSI, VDI);
web posted information such as certification schemes; and
knowledge of Task group members;
2.2 Criteria list
In relation to bio-based products, the following criteria are evaluated in this report:
1. Bio-content / Amount of Renewable Raw materials;
2. Product Functionality / Technical Performance ;
3. End of life:
a. Biodegradability;
b. Compostability;
c. Recycling;
d. Durability.
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4. Life-Cycle Assessment:
a. GHG emissions;
b. Energy use;
c. Other LCA criteria.
5. Sustainability:
a. Environmental;
b. Social;
c. Economic.
2.3 Analysis approach
The documents in the gap-analysis matrix are evaluated by their relevance. First, their scope is presented.
Then their applicability for bio-based product standards in general terms is evaluated. This is the horizontal
evaluation.
A vertical evaluation on each criterion will be presented, in order to highlight coverage and gaps.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
NOTE Existing definitions [and their source(s)] of the evaluated criteria are listed below.
3.1 Bio-content / Amount of renewable raw materials
3.1.1
bio-based
derived from biomass
[CEN BT/WG 209]
3.1.2
bio-based carbon content
carbon in a sample that is of recent origin, as evidenced by its 14C isotope content
NOTE 1 The amount of bio-based carbon in the material or product is often expressed as a percent of the
weight(mass) of the total organic carbon of the product
[CEN/TR 15932]
NOTE 2 ASTM D6852-02 defines bio-based content as the amount of bio-based material as fraction weight or percent
weight of the total material
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3.1.3
bio-based product
product wholly or partly bio-based
NOTE The bio-based product is normally characterised by the bio-based content.
[CEN BT/WG 209]
3.1.4
biomass
material of biological origin excluding material embedded in geological formations and/or fossilized
NOTE This definition refers to the well-known short-cycle of carbon, i.e. the life cycle of biological materials (e.g.
plants, algae, marine organisms, forestry, micro-organisms, animals, and biological waste from households, agriculture,
animals and food/feed production).
[CEN BT/WG 209]
3.1.5
biomass content
mass fraction of bio-based material
NOTE Claim of biomass content is difficult to verify due to lack of standards.
[CEN/TR 15932]
3.1.6
renewable raw material
material used to produce a product and replenished by natural processes at a rate comparable to its
exploitation rate
[Adapted from ISO 14040 and CEN/TR 15932]
3.2 Product functionality / Technical performance
3.2.1
product
any goods or service
[ISO 14040:2006]
3.2.2
product function
characteristic attribute or characteristic in the performance and use of a product
[ISO 14024:1999]
NOTE The first criterion to be considered in the choice of materials and design of a product is that it shall perform the
function for which it is intended to an acceptable standard. These criteria will vary depending on the application but the key
requirements are:
meeting legal and statutory requirements including for example composition control and migration limits for food
contact, physical performance for containing of hazardous products;
functional including physical strength, hygiene, safety and barrier performance;
use performance including opening, closing, pouring/emptying, child resistant;
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minimum use of material, consistent with the three points above;
content identification and communication.
The specifications of the product should be defined by the performance requirements, and not by the source of material.
3.3 End of life / Biodegradability / Compostability / Recycling / Durability
3.3.1
biodegradation
degradation caused by biological activity especially by enzymatic action leading to a significant change of the
chemical structure of a material
[EN 13193:2000]
3.3.2
biodegradable
capable of undergoing biological anaerobic or aerobic degradation leading to CO , H O, methane, biomass
2 2
and mineral salts depending on the environmental conditions of the process
[CEN/TR 15932]
3.3.3
compostability
potential of a material to be disintegrated and biodegraded without hindrance in a composting process
[Based on EN 13193:2000]
3.3.4
durability
capability of a product or any component to satisfy, with planned maintenance, the design performance
requirements over a specified period of time under the influence of the environmental actions, or as a result of
a self-ageing process
[Adapted from ISO 15928-3]
3.3.5
maximum level of biodegradation
degree of biodegradation, measured in percent, of a chemical compound or organic matter in a test, above
which no further biodegradation takes place during the test
[ISO 14853:2005]
3.3.6
organic recycling (organic recovery)
aerobic (composting) or anaerobic (biomethanization) treatment, under controlled conditions and using
microorganisms, of the biodegradable parts of waste, which produces stabilized organic residues or methane.
Landfill shall not be considered a form of organic recycling
[adapted from Directive 94/62/EC]
3.3.7
recycling
reprocessing in a production process of the waste materials for the original purpose or for other purposes
including organic recycling but excluding energy recovery
[Directive 94/62/EC]
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3.3.8
ultimate biodegradability
breakdown of an organic chemical compound by micro-organisms in the presence of oxygen to carbon
dioxide, water and mineral salts of any other elements present (mineralization) and new biomass or in the
absence of oxygen to carbon dioxide, methane, mineral salts and new biomass
[EN 13432:2000, also in EN 14995:2006]
3.4 Life-Cycle Assessment / GHG emissions / Energy use / Other LCA criteria
3.4.1
greenhouse gas
GHG
gaseous constituent of the atmosphere, both natural and anthropogenic, that absorbs and emits radiation at
specific wavelengths within the spectrum of infrared radiation emitted by the Earth's surface, the atmosphere,
and clouds
NOTE GHGs include carbon dioxide (CO ), methane (CH ), nitrous oxide (N O), hydro-fluorocarbons (HFCs),
2 4 2
perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and sulphur hexafluoride (SF6)
[ISO 14064-1:2006]
3.4.2
greenhouse gas emission
total mass of a GHG released to the atmosphere over a specified period of time
[ISO 14064-1:2006]
3.4.2
life cycle
consecutive and interlinked stages of a product system, from raw material acquisition or generation from
natural resources to final disposal
[ISO 14040:2006]
3.4.3
life cycle assessment (LCA)
compilation and evaluation of the inputs, outputs and the potential environmental impacts of a product system
throughout its life cycle
[ISO 14040:2006]
3.4.4
life cycle inventory (LCI)
collection and assembly of materials and energy input and output data for a specified product system
NOTE LCI is only one of the phases in conducting an LCA and is not an assessment of the environmental impacts
associated with the product system
[ASTM D 7075 – 04]
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3.5 Sustainability / Environmental / Social / Economic criteria
3.5.1
biological diversity values
intrinsic, ecological, genetic, social, economic, scientific, educational, cultural, recreational and aesthetic
values of biological diversity and its components
[NTA 8080]
3.5.2
environmental aspect
element of an organization’s activity or products that can interact with the environment [ISO 14021:1999]
3.5.3
environmental claim
statement, symbol or graphic that indicates an environmental aspect of a product, a component or packaging
[ISO 14021:1999]
NOTE An environmental claim may be made on product or packaging labels, through product literature, technical
bulletins, advertising, publicity, telemarketing, as well as through digital or electronic media such as Internet.
3.5.4
environmental impact
any change to the environment, whether adverse or beneficial, wholly or partially resulting from a products
environmental aspects
[Adapted from ISO 14001:2004]
3.5.5
environmental impact assessment
a process of predicting and evaluating the effects of an action or series of actions on the environment, then
using the conclusions as a tool in planning and decision-making
[RSPO]
3.5.6
environmental profile or environmental footprint
environmental consequences of the creation of a material, measured in terms of impact indicators such as the
generation or recapture of CO2, biodegradability, recycling, and so forth
[ASTM D6852]
3.5.7
product environmental criteria
environmental requirements that the product shall meet in order to be awarded an environmental label
[ISO 14024:1999]
3.5.8
social and economic sustainability criteria
NOTE At the moment there are no clear definitions on social and economic sustainability criteria. This is currently
under investigation in CEN/TC 383.
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4 Standards and documents analysis matrix
Terminology and Definitions for
Biomass Production, Harvesting
ANSI/ASAB and Collection, Storage,
E S Processing, Conversion and
593:2006 Utilization 5.1 y y y y n n n n y y y n n n n
Plastics - Recommendation for
CEN/TR terminology and characterisation
15932 of biopolymers and bioplastics 5.1 y y y y y y n n y y n n y n n
Int Life Cycle Data system
handbook and European
ILCD/ELCD database 5.2 n n y n n y n y y y y n y n n
CR13910
CEN TC Reporting criteria for life cycle
261 analysis for packaging 5.2 n n y n n n n y n n y n y n n
Standard Practice for Evaluating
and Reporting Environmental
ASTM Performance of Biobased
D7075 Products 5.2 y n y y n n n y n n y y y n n
Life-cycle management in the
VDI 4431 manufacturing industry 5.2 n n y n n y n y n n n n y y n
ISO 14064- Greenhouse gases -- Part 1: 5.2
1:2006 Specification with guidance at the
organization level for
quantification and reporting of
greenhouse gas emissions and
removals n n y n n n n y y n n n n n n
ISO/WD
14067-1 Carbon footprint of products 5.2 n n y y n y n y y y n n n n n
ISO/NP Water footprint - principles, 5.2
14046 requirements and guidance
n n y n n n n y y n n n n n n
Sustainability criteria for biomass
NTA 8080 for energy purposes 5.2 n n n n n n n y y y y y y y y
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Document Reference
Title
1. Bio-content / Amount of
Renewable Raw materials
2. Product Functionality /
Technical Performance
3. End of life
a.Biodegradability
b.Compostability
c. Recycling
d. Durability
4. Life-Cycle Assessment
a. GHG emissions
b. Energy use
c. Other LCA criteria
5. Sustainability
a.Environmental
b. Social
c. Economic
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BEES USDA green public procurement 5.2 y n y y y y n y y y y y y y y
Standard Guide for Determination
of Biobased Content, Resources
ASTM Consumption, and Environmental
D6852 Profile of Materials and Products 5.2 y n n n n n n y y y y n y n n
ISO DIS
26000 Guidance on social responsibility 5.2 n n y n n n n y y y y y y y y
Environmental labels and 5.2
declarations - Type III
environmental declarations -
ISO 14025 Principles and procedures n n y y n n n y y y y n n n n
Environmental management - Life 5.2
ISO 14040 cycle assessment - Principles and
series framework n y y n n y n y y y n n y n n
Specification for the assessment
of the life cycle greenhouse gas
PAS 2050 emissions of goods and services 5.2 y y y n n y n y y y n n y n n
General principles for an
environmental communication on
BP X30-323 mass market products 5.2 y y y n n y n y y y y n y n n
Standard Test Methods for
Determining the Biobased
Content of Natural Range
Materials Using Radiocarbon and
ASTM Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry
D6866-6a Analysis 5.3 y n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
ASTM D7026 - 04 Standard
Guide for Sampling and Reporting
of Results for Determination of
ASTM Biobased Content of Materials via
D7026 Carbon Isotope Analysis 5.3 y n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
Plastics - Biopolymers -
WI Determination of biobased carbon
00249737 content 5.3 y n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
Solid recovered fuels - Method of
the determination of biomass
EN 15440 content 5.3 y n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
Lubricants, industrial oils and 5.4
related products (class L) - Family
H (Hydraulic systems) -
Specifications for categories
ISO 15380 HETG, HEPG, HEES and HEPR n y y y n y n n n n n n y n n
EU Ecolabel Criteria_for_the_award_of_the_E
2005/360/E uropean_Eco-
C label_to_lubricants.pdf 5.4 y y y y n n n n n n n n y n n
RAL-UZ-48 Readily
Biodegradable Chain Lubricants
Blue Angel for Power Saws 5.4 n n y y n n n n n n n n y n n
Blue Angel RAL-UZ 64 Lubricants & Forming 5.4 n n y y n n n n n n n n y n n
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oils
Blue Angel RAL-UZ 79 Hydraulic Fluids 5.4 n y y y n n n n n n n n y n n
Hydraulic fluids - Requirements
SS 155434 and test methods 5.4 y y y y n n n n n n n n y n n
Lubricants, industrial oil and
related products (Class L)
Specifications for family X
SS 155470 (Greases) 5.4 n y y y n n n n n n n n y n n
Lubricants, industrial oils and
related products (Class L)—
ISO DIS Family X (Greases)—
12924 Specification 5.4 n y n n n n n n n n n n n n n
Plastics - Evaluation of
compostability - Test scheme and
EN 14995 specifications 5.4 n n y y y n n y n n n n n n n
Packaging - Requirements for
packaging recoverable through
composting and biodegradation -
Test scheme and evaluation
EN criteria for the final acceptance of
13432:2000 packaging 5.4 n n y y y n n n n n n n n n n
Determination of the ultimate
aerobic biodegradability of plastic
materials under controlled
composting conditions - Method
EN ISO by analysis of evolved carbon
14855- dioxide - Part 1: General method
1:2005 (ISO 14855-1:2005) 5.4 n n y y n n n n n n n n n n n
Plastics - Biodegradable plastics
prCEN/TR in or on soil - Recovery, disposal
15822 and related environmental issues 5.4 n n y y n n n n n n n n n n n
Biodegradable materials for use
in agriculture and horticulture —
NF U 52- Mulching products —
001 Requirements and test methods 5.4 n y y y y n y n n n n n y n n
CEN
TS15534-1,
2 & 3 Wood plastic composites 5.4 n y n n n y y n n n n n n n n
XP T 25- Reinforcement fibres - Flax fibres
501 for plastics composites 5.4 n y n n n n n n n n n n n n n
Plastics piping systems for the
ISO 22621 supply of gaseous fuels 5.4 n y n n n y y n n n n n n n n
Cradle to Cradle to CradleSM Certification
cradle Program 5.4 y n y y y y n n n y y y y y n
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5 Scope of standards
5.1 Vocabulary
5.1.1 ANSI/ASABE S 593:2006 - Terminology and Definitions for Biomass Production, Harvesting and
Collection, Storage, Processing, Conversion and Utilization
5.1.1.1 Scope of ANSI/ASABE S 593
The purpose of this standard is to provide uniform terminology and definitions in the general area of biomass
production and utilization. This includes all the terminologies that are used in biomass feedstock production,
harvesting, collecting, handling, storage, processing and conversion, bioenergy, biofuels, biopower and
bioproducts.
5.1.1.2 Evaluation of ANSI/ASABE S 593
This standard provides a list of 69 definitions related to biomass and production, particularly from an energy
point of view. The definitions include three main categories of biomass, which are primary, secondary and
tertiary biomass. Animal products are not included in the primary biomass. Bio-based product is defined as
fuels, food, feed, chemicals, or industrial materials commercially produced in whole or in-part from biomass
materials. The term Greenhouse Gases is explained slightly deviating from the ISO 14064 definition. Other
terms are more related to energy and production, and do not overlap with the definitions as posted in this
report.
5.1.2 CEN/TR 15932 Plastics - Recommendation for terminology and characterisation of bioplastics
5.1.2.1 Scope of CEN/TR 15932
This Technical Report gives recommendations for bioplastics and biopolymers related terminology. These
recommendations are based on a discussion of commonly used terms in this field.
This Technical Report also briefly describes the current test methods state of the art in relation to the
characterization of bioplastics and products made thereof.
5.1.2.2 Evaluation of CEN/TR 15932
The terminology and definitions have been documented particularly in order to provide a basis for more
standards in the field of bio-based plastics. Although the terms focus on applications in plastics, most
terminology has a wider applicability to bio-based materials in general. The CEN/TR 15932 definition for
biomass is material of biological origin excluding material embedded in geological formation or fossilized.
Other definitions do not conflict with the definitions of this report.
5.1.2.3 Other vocabulary standards
The following standard could also be considered for bio-based vocabulary, but is not evaluated here:
X30-110, Raw materials and energy – Vocabulary and methodology in determination of energy content –
Energy equivalents
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5.2 Life Cycle Analysis
5.2.1 ILCD - International Reference Life Cycle Data System Handbook / ELCD - European Reference
Life Cycle Database
5.2.1.1 Scope of the ILCD and ELCD
The ILCD and ELCD initiatives are being coordinated at European level by the European Platform on LCA
(http://lct.jrc.ec.europa.eu/eplca). The European Platform on LCA project acts in the context of the European
Commission’s Thematic Strategy on the Prevention and Recycling of Waste (COM (2005) 666) and the
Thematic Strategy on the Sustainable Use of Natural Resources (COM (2005) 670). Finding its foundation in
the European Commission’s Integrated Product Policy Communication (IPP), it provides an important
methodological and data basis also for the integration and operationalisation of Life Cycle Thinking in the
upcoming Sustainable Consumption and Production and Sustainable Industrial Policy Action Plans (SCP/SIP).
The SCP/SIP will build on and further develop resource and waste policies, the Integrated Product Policy
(IPP), the Ecodesign of Energy-using Products (EuP), the Environmental Technologies Action Plan (ETAP),
Green Public Procurement (GPP), the EU Eco-label Regulation, and the Eco-Management and Auditing
Scheme Regulation (EMAS). SCP/SIP will re-enforce their impact, address gaps, and ensure contribution to
global initiatives.
5.2.1.2 Business foundation
While LCA is successfully used in many companies of the private sector, credibility and acceptance of LCA
studies need to be improved. This complementary character of the EU LCA handbook holds especially true for
public comparisons and in communication with the authorities. Also the cost of LCA studies is to be reduced.
The platform project meets these needs by co-ordinating methodological and data format harmonisation
across LCA applications and the development and publication of high-quality industry based reference Life
Cycle Inventory data, and of recommended Life Cycle Impact Assessment factors. This is done in global
cooperation and consultation with third countries and UNEP to ensure international consistency as far as
possible.
The work of the European LCA platform and the ILCD are based on the LCA framework established in
ISO 14020 and ISO 14040. (http://lca.jrc.ec.europa.eu/lcainfohub/index.vm)
5.2.1.3 LCA assessment criteria
The assessment criteria applied in the impact assessment phase of the LCA must be specified before the
inventory analysis starts the collection of the relevant data. See
http://lca.jrc.ec.europa.eu/lcainfohub/index.vm. The following example list of environmental impact categories
on the mid-point level may be included as assessment parameters when performing an LCA.
Climate change
Ozone depletion
Acidification
Eutrophication
Photochemical oxidant formation (summer smog)
Radiation
Human toxicity
Ecotoxicity
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Depletion of abiotic resources
Use of biotic resources
Land use
There have been attempts to include socio-economic aspects as assessment criteria. However, the majority of
LCAs at this time consider direct environmental (and human) impacts and resource consumption as
assessment criteria. For noise, a methodological approach has recently been developed, but the availability of
data in LCI databases is very limited yet.
These impacts can further be assessed to derive end-point indicators that relate the above impact category
results to impacts level of the protection targets (human beings, natural environment, resources).
5.2.1.4 ELCD – European Life Cycle database
The ELCD core database comprises Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) data from front-running EU-level business
associations and other sources for key materials, energy carriers, transport, and waste management. Focus is
laid on data quality, consistency, and applicability. The respective data sets are officially provided and
approved by the named industry association; some data sets are still under preparation and will be added
subsequently.
5.2.1.5 Evaluation of ELCD and bio-based products
The International Reference Life Cycle D
...
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