Industrial valves - Steel gate valves

This European Standard specifies the requirements for steel gate valves which are wrought, cast or fabricated with end connections flanged, butt welding, socket welding or threaded.
This European Standard is applicable to steel gate valves mainly used for industrial and general purpose applications. However they can be used for other applications provided the requirements of the relevant performance standards are met.
The ranges of nominal sizes covered is:
DN  8; DN 10; DN 12; DN 15; DN 20; DN 25; DN 32; DN 40; DN 50; DN 65; DN 80; DN 100; DN 125; DN 150; DN 200; DN 250; DN 300; DN 350; DN 400; DN 450; DN 500; DN 600; DN 700; DN 750; DN 800; DN 900; DN 1000.
DN 750 is used for Class designated valves only.
DN 8 and DN 12 are not used for flanged end connections.
Socket welding end valves and threaded end valves are limited to the range DN 8 to DN 65.
The range of pressure designations covered is:
a)   for flanged valves
-   PN 10; PN 16; PN 25; PN 40; PN 63; PN 100
-   Class 150; Class 300; Class 600
b)   for butt welding end valves
-   PN 10, PN 16, PN 25, PN 40, PN 63, PN 100
-   Class 150, Class 300, Class 600
c)   for socket welding end valves and threaded end valves
-   PN 10; PN 16; PN 25; PN 40; PN 63; PN 100
-   Class 600; Class 800
NOTE 1   Socket welding end and threaded end valves are not normally manufactured with the pressure designations PN 10, PN 16, PN 25 and PN 40.
NOTE 2    Class 800 is an intermediate class designation widely used for socket welding and threaded end valves.

Industriearmaturen - Schieber aus Stahl

Diese Europäische Norm legt die Anforderungen fest für Schieber aus Stahl, die geschmiedet, gegossen oder
geschweißt sind und Flansch-, Anschweiß-, Schweißmuffen- oder Gewindemuffenenden haben.
Diese Europäische Norm ist anwendbar für Schieber aus Stahl, die vorwiegend für industrielle und allgemeine
Anwendungen verwendet werden. Sie kann jedoch auch für andere Anwendungen verwendet werden unter
der Voraussetzung, dass die Anforderungen der dafür geltenden Gebrauchstauglichkeitsnormen erfüllt sind.
Der Bereich der Nennweiten ist:
DN 8; DN 10; DN 12; DN 15; DN 20; DN 25; DN 32; DN 40; DN 50; DN 65; DN 80; DN 100; DN 125; DN 150;
DN 200; DN 250; DN 300; DN 350; DN 400; DN 450; DN 500; DN 600; DN 700; DN 750; DN 800; DN 900;
DN 1000.
DN 750 wird nur für nach Class bezeichnete Armaturen verwendet.
DN 8 und DN 12 werden nicht für Anschlüsse mit Flanschenden verwendet.
Armaturen mit Schweißmuffenenden und Armaturen mit Gewindemuffenenden sind auf den Bereich DN 8 bis
DN 65 begrenzt.
Der Druckbereich ist:
a) bei Armaturen mit Flanschanschlüssen
1) PN 10; PN 16; PN 25; PN 40; PN 63; PN 100
2) Class 150; Class 300; Class 600
b) bei Armaturen mit Anschweißenden
1) PN 10; PN 16; PN 25; PN 40; PN 63; PN 100
2) Class 150; Class 300; Class 600
c) bei Armaturen mit Schweißmuffenenden und Armaturen mit Gewindemuffenenden
1) PN 10; PN 16; PN 25; PN 40; PN 63; PN 100
2) Class 600; Class 800
ANMERKUNG 1 Armaturen mit Schweißmuffen- und Gewindemuffenenden werden üblicherweise nicht mit den
Druckbezeichnungen PN 10, PN 16, PN 25 und PN 40 hergestellt.
ANMERKUNG 2 Class 800 ist eine Bezeichnung für eine Zwischengröße, welche bei Armaturen mit Schweiß- und
Gewindemuffenende allgemein üblich ist.

Robinetterie industrielle - Robinets-vannes en acier

La présente Norme européenne spécifie les caractéristiques des robinets-vannes en aciers corroyés, moulés
ou mécano-soudés à extrémités à brides, à souder bout-à-bout, à emboîter et à souder ou filetées.
La présente Norme européenne s'applique aux robinets-vannes en acier utilisés principalement pour des
applications à des fins industrielles et générales. Toutefois ils peuvent être utilisés pour d'autres applications
sous réserve que les exigences des normes appropriées de performance soient satisfaites.
La gamme des diamètres nominaux couverts est :
DN 8 ; DN 10 ; DN 12 ; DN 15 ; DN 20 ; DN 25 ; DN 32 ; DN 40 ; DN 50 ; DN 65 ; DN 80 ; DN 100 ; DN 125 ;
DN 150 ; DN 200 ; DN 250 ; DN 300 ; DN 350 ; DN 400 ; DN 450 ; DN 500 ; DN 600 ; DN 700 ; DN 750 ;
DN 800 ; DN 900 ; DN 1000.
Le DN 750 est utilisé seulement pour les robinets-vannes désignés Class.
Les DN 8 et DN 12 ne sont pas utilisés pour les extrémités à brides.
Les appareils de robinetterie à extrémités à emboîter et à souder et les appareils de robinetterie à extrémités
filetées sont limités à la gamme DN 8 à DN 65.
La gamme des pressions nominales couvertes est :
a) pour robinets-vannes à brides
1) PN 10 ; PN 16 ; PN 25 ; PN 40 ; PN 63 ; PN 100
2) Class 150 ; Class 300 ; Class 600
b) pour robinets-vannes à extrémités à souder bout-à-bout
1) PN 10 ; PN 16 ; PN 25 ; PN 40 ; PN 63 ; PN 100
2) Class 150 ; Class 300 ; Class 600
c) pour robinets-vannes à extrémités à emboîter et à souder, et à extrémités filetées
1) PN 10 ; PN 16 ; PN 25 ; PN 40 ; PN 63 ; PN 100
2) Class 600 ; Class 800
NOTE 1 Les robinets-vannes à extrémités à emboîter et à souder et à extrémités filetées ne sont normalement pas
fabriquées selon les désignations de pression PN 10, PN 16, PN 25 and PN 40.
NOTE 2 La désignation Class 800 est une désignation intermédiaire de Class largement utilisée pour les robinetsvannes
à extrémités à emboîter et à souder et les robinets-vannes à extrémités filetées.

Industrijski ventili - Jekleni zasuni

Ta evropski standard določa zahteve za jeklene zasune, valjane, ulite ali izdelane s končnimi priključki s prirobnicami, soležnimi zvari, obojnimi zvari ali z navojem.
Ta evropski standard velja za jeklene zasune, v glavnem uporabljene v industrijskih uporabah in uporabah za splošne namene. Vendar se lahko uporabijo za druge namene, če so izpolnjene zahteve ustreznih standardov za delovanje.
Razponi zajetih nazivnih velikosti so:
DN 8; DN 10; DN 12; DN 15; DN 20; DN 25; DN 32; DN 40; DN 50; DN 65; DN 80; DN 100; DN 125; DN 150; DN 200; DN 250; DN 300; DN 350; DN 400; DN 450; DN 500; DN 600; DN 700; DN 750; DN 800; DN 900; DN 1000.
DN 750 se uporablja samo za oznako Class za zasune.
DN 8 in DN 12 nista uporabljena za končne priključke s prirobnicami.
Zasuni z obojnim varjenim koncem in zasuni z navojem na koncu so omejeni na razpon od DN 8 do DN 65.
Razpon zajetih oznak pritiska je:
a) za zasune s prirobnicami:
- PN 10; PN 16; PN 25; PN 40; PN 63; PN 100;
- Class 150; Class 300; Class 600;
b) za zasune z navojem na koncu:
- PN 10, PN 16, PN 25, PN 40, PN 63, PN 100;
- Class 150, Class 300, Class 600;
c) za zasune z obojnim zvarom na koncu in zasune z navojem na koncu:
- PN 10; PN 16; PN 25; PN 40; PN 63; PN 100;
- Class 600; Class 800:
OPOMBA 1: Zasuni z obojnim varjenim koncem in zasuni z navojem na koncu niso običajno proizvedeni z oznakami pritiska PN 10, PN 16, PN 25 in PN 40.
OPOMBA 2: Class 800 je vmesna oznaka razreda, pogosto uporabljena za zasune z obojno varjenim koncem in zasune z navojem na koncu.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
05-May-2011
Technical Committee
TLP - Pressure vessels
Current Stage
6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
Start Date
21-Apr-2011
Due Date
26-Jun-2011
Completion Date
06-May-2011

Relations

Effective Date
01-Jun-2011

Overview

EN 1984:2010 - Industrial valves: Steel gate valves is the CEN European Standard that specifies design, materials, dimensions, testing and marking requirements for steel gate valves (wrought, cast or fabricated) with flanged, butt-welding, socket-welding or threaded end connections. It applies primarily to industrial and general-purpose applications and covers a wide range of nominal sizes (DN) and pressure designations (PN and Class).

Key topics and technical requirements

  • Scope & sizes: Covers DN 8 through DN 1000 (DN 750 limited to Class-designated valves). Note: DN 8 and DN 12 are not used for flanged ends; socket-weld and threaded ends are limited to DN 8–DN 65.
  • Pressure designations:
    • Flanged & butt-weld valves: PN 10, PN 16, PN 25, PN 40, PN 63, PN 100 and Class 150, 300, 600.
    • Socket-weld & threaded valves: PN 10–PN 100 and Class 600, Class 800 (Class 800 is an intermediate class common for socket/threaded ends). The standard provides rules for deriving the appropriate Class 800 ratings from Class 600.
  • Materials & trim:
    • Body, bonnet and cover materials selected from EN 12516-1 material groups.
    • Internal wet parts must have corrosion resistance at least equal to body/bonnet.
    • Stem materials: forged/drawn/rolled with corrosion resistance at least equivalent to a ferritic steel containing 13% chromium.
  • Dimensions & end connections:
    • Face-to-face and end-to-end per EN 558 (flanged) and EN 12982 (butt weld); socket-weld per EN 12760.
    • Flanged ends per EN 1092-1 (PN) or EN 1759-1 (Class); threaded alternatives per ISO/ASME thread standards.
  • Operation & attachments:
    • Outside-screw stem by default; handwheel supplied unless actuator attachment per EN ISO 5210 is specified.
    • Closing direction: clockwise viewed from above; handwheel marking per EN 19.
  • Testing & performance:
    • Pressure and seat leakage testing per EN 12266-1 and EN 12266-2 with seat leakage acceptance rates (A for elastomeric/polymeric, B for other seatings; backseat Rate C).
    • Shell strength verification per EN 12516 (parts 1–3) or by elevated pressure testing.
  • Manufacture & welding:
    • Welding procedures per EN ISO 15607; welders/operators approved per EN 287-1 / EN 1418; NDT and heat treatment per approved procedures.

Applications

  • Specification and procurement of industrial steel gate valves for water, steam, oil, gas and general industrial services.
  • Use in piping systems requiring defined DN sizes, PN/Class pressure ratings, and verified materials and leak performance.
  • Basis for manufacturer conformity, testing, QA, and installation documentation.

Who uses this standard

  • Valve manufacturers and designers
  • Procurement and specification engineers
  • Plant operators, maintenance and inspection teams
  • Test laboratories and conformity assessors
  • Regulatory and compliance professionals

Related standards (normative references)

Includes EN 12516-1/2/3 (shell strength), EN 12266-1/2 (testing), EN 558 (dimensions), EN 1092-1 / EN 1759-1 (flanges), EN 12760 (socket weld), EN ISO 5210 (actuator attachments), EN 19 (marking), EN ISO 15607, EN 287-1, EN 1418 (welding qualifications).

Keywords: EN 1984:2010, steel gate valves, industrial valves, DN sizes, PN ratings, Class ratings, flanged valves, butt weld, socket weld, threaded valves, valve testing, valve materials.

Frequently Asked Questions

SIST EN 1984:2011 is a standard published by the Slovenian Institute for Standardization (SIST). Its full title is "Industrial valves - Steel gate valves". This standard covers: This European Standard specifies the requirements for steel gate valves which are wrought, cast or fabricated with end connections flanged, butt welding, socket welding or threaded. This European Standard is applicable to steel gate valves mainly used for industrial and general purpose applications. However they can be used for other applications provided the requirements of the relevant performance standards are met. The ranges of nominal sizes covered is: DN 8; DN 10; DN 12; DN 15; DN 20; DN 25; DN 32; DN 40; DN 50; DN 65; DN 80; DN 100; DN 125; DN 150; DN 200; DN 250; DN 300; DN 350; DN 400; DN 450; DN 500; DN 600; DN 700; DN 750; DN 800; DN 900; DN 1000. DN 750 is used for Class designated valves only. DN 8 and DN 12 are not used for flanged end connections. Socket welding end valves and threaded end valves are limited to the range DN 8 to DN 65. The range of pressure designations covered is: a) for flanged valves - PN 10; PN 16; PN 25; PN 40; PN 63; PN 100 - Class 150; Class 300; Class 600 b) for butt welding end valves - PN 10, PN 16, PN 25, PN 40, PN 63, PN 100 - Class 150, Class 300, Class 600 c) for socket welding end valves and threaded end valves - PN 10; PN 16; PN 25; PN 40; PN 63; PN 100 - Class 600; Class 800 NOTE 1 Socket welding end and threaded end valves are not normally manufactured with the pressure designations PN 10, PN 16, PN 25 and PN 40. NOTE 2 Class 800 is an intermediate class designation widely used for socket welding and threaded end valves.

This European Standard specifies the requirements for steel gate valves which are wrought, cast or fabricated with end connections flanged, butt welding, socket welding or threaded. This European Standard is applicable to steel gate valves mainly used for industrial and general purpose applications. However they can be used for other applications provided the requirements of the relevant performance standards are met. The ranges of nominal sizes covered is: DN 8; DN 10; DN 12; DN 15; DN 20; DN 25; DN 32; DN 40; DN 50; DN 65; DN 80; DN 100; DN 125; DN 150; DN 200; DN 250; DN 300; DN 350; DN 400; DN 450; DN 500; DN 600; DN 700; DN 750; DN 800; DN 900; DN 1000. DN 750 is used for Class designated valves only. DN 8 and DN 12 are not used for flanged end connections. Socket welding end valves and threaded end valves are limited to the range DN 8 to DN 65. The range of pressure designations covered is: a) for flanged valves - PN 10; PN 16; PN 25; PN 40; PN 63; PN 100 - Class 150; Class 300; Class 600 b) for butt welding end valves - PN 10, PN 16, PN 25, PN 40, PN 63, PN 100 - Class 150, Class 300, Class 600 c) for socket welding end valves and threaded end valves - PN 10; PN 16; PN 25; PN 40; PN 63; PN 100 - Class 600; Class 800 NOTE 1 Socket welding end and threaded end valves are not normally manufactured with the pressure designations PN 10, PN 16, PN 25 and PN 40. NOTE 2 Class 800 is an intermediate class designation widely used for socket welding and threaded end valves.

SIST EN 1984:2011 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 23.060.30 - Gate valves. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.

SIST EN 1984:2011 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to SIST EN 1984:2001. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.

SIST EN 1984:2011 is associated with the following European legislation: EU Directives/Regulations: 2014/68/EU, 97/23/EC, EUR-PUB; Standardization Mandates: M/071. When a standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union, products manufactured in conformity with it benefit from a presumption of conformity with the essential requirements of the corresponding EU directive or regulation.

You can purchase SIST EN 1984:2011 directly from iTeh Standards. The document is available in PDF format and is delivered instantly after payment. Add the standard to your cart and complete the secure checkout process. iTeh Standards is an authorized distributor of SIST standards.

Standards Content (Sample)


2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Industrijski ventili - Jekleni zasuniIndustriearmaturen - Schieber aus StahlRobinetterie industrielle - Robinets-vannes en acierIndustrial valves - Steel gate valves23.060.30Zapirni ventili (zasuni)Gate valvesICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 1984:2010SIST EN 1984:2011en,fr,de01-junij-2011SIST EN 1984:2011SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 1984:20011DGRPHãþD

EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 1984
May 2010 ICS 23.060.30 Supersedes EN 1984:2000English Version
Industrial valves - Steel gate valves
Robinetterie industrielle - Robinets-vannes en acier
Industriearmaturen - Schieber aus Stahl This European Standard was approved by CEN on 9 April 2010.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 1984:2010: ESIST EN 1984:2011

Information to be supplied by the customer . 13Annex ZA (informative)
Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 97/23/EC . 14 SIST EN 1984:2011

Socket welding end valves and threaded end valves are limited to the range DN 8 to DN 65. The range of pressure designations covered is: a) for flanged valves 1) PN 10; PN 16; PN 25; PN 40; PN 63; PN 100 2) Class 150; Class 300; Class 600 b) for butt welding end valves 1) PN 10, PN 16, PN 25, PN 40, PN 63, PN 100 2) Class 150, Class 300, Class 600 c) for socket welding end valves and threaded end valves 1) PN 10; PN 16; PN 25; PN 40; PN 63; PN 100 2) Class 600; Class 800 NOTE 1 Socket welding end and threaded end valves are not normally manufactured with the pressure designations PN 10, PN 16, PN 25 and PN 40. NOTE 2
Class 800 is an intermediate class designation widely used for socket welding and threaded end valves. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 19, Industrial valves — Marking of metallic valves EN 287-1, Qualification test of welders — Fusion welding — Part 1: Steels SIST EN 1984:2011

ASME B1.20.1-1983, Pipe Threads, General Purpose (Inch) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the definitions of types of valves and components and the terms and definitions given in EN 736-1:1995, EN 736-2:1997 and EN 736-3:2008 apply. SIST EN 1984:2011
...

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SIST EN 1984:2011 is a comprehensive European Standard that precisely outlines the requirements for steel gate valves utilized in various industrial applications. The standard encompasses wrought, cast, or fabricated steel gate valves with multiple end connections, including flanged, butt welding, socket welding, and threaded configurations. One of the significant strengths of this standard is its breadth of application, as it is tailored for both industrial and general-purpose applications. This versatility ensures that users can adapt the specifications of steel gate valves for various scenarios while maintaining adherence to relevant performance standards. The clearly defined nominal size range, from DN 8 to DN 1000, alongside specific designations for DN 750 for class designated valves, provides manufacturers and users with a well-structured framework for selection and installation. Furthermore, the standard addresses different pressure designations, with detailed classifications for flanged valves, butt welding end valves, as well as socket welding and threaded end valves. This thorough categorization not only enhances the clarity of the requirements but also empowers manufacturers to efficiently meet specific engineering demands. The inclusion of notes clarifying the limitations of pressure designations for socket welding and threaded end valves demonstrates a commitment to accuracy and practical applicability. In conclusion, SIST EN 1984:2011 stands out as a relevant and significant document within the realm of industrial valves, ensuring that manufacturers and users are equipped with essential guidelines for the production and selection of steel gate valves. Its comprehensive scope, coupled with detailed classifications and clear definitions, positions it as a pivotal reference for achieving quality and compliance in valve applications.

SIST EN 1984:2011は、工業用バルブにおける鋼製ゲートバルブに関する欧州規格であり、鋳造、鍛造または製作されたバルブのフランジ接続、突合せ溶接、ソケット溶接またはねじ接続に対する要件を明確に定義しています。この規格は主に工業用途や一般用途で利用される鋼製ゲートバルブに適用されますが、関連する性能基準が満たされる限り、他の用途にも使用可能です。 この標準の強みは、その包括的なサイズ範囲にあります。DN 8からDN 1000までの多様な公称サイズをカバーしており、特にDN 750はクラス指定バルブに使用される一方で、DN 8およびDN 12はフランジ接続には用いられないことが明記されています。また、ソケット溶接接続およびねじ接続バルブはDN 8からDN 65の範囲に限られているため、利用可能な種類が明確に示されています。 圧力の設計基準についても、フランジバルブ、突合せ溶接バルブ、ソケット溶接バルブおよびねじ接続バルブに関して、PN 10からPN 100、クラス150、クラス300、クラス600などの詳細な分類が存在し、特にソケット溶接およびねじ接続バルブにおいては、クラス800の中間クラス指定も盛り込まれています。このように、SIST EN 1984:2011は、特定の用途やニーズに応じた柔軟な選択肢を提供するために、設計基準の透明性を重視しています。 この規格は、工業用バルブの安全性や性能に対して高い基準を求める方々にとって、非常に関連性が高いものと言え、業界全体での統一的な基準を提供することで、製品の信頼性を向上させる役割を果たしています。SIST EN 1984:2011に基づく製品は、これらの厳しい基準を満たしているため、工業界での実用性と信頼性が確保されています。

SIST EN 1984:2011 표준은 산업용 밸브에서 강철 게이트 밸브의 요구 사항을 명확히 규명하고 있어 매우 중요한 문서입니다. 이 문서는 주조, 압연 또는 제작된 강철 게이트 밸브에 대한 규정을 포함하고 있으며, 플랜지, 끝 용접, 소켓 용접 또는 나사형 끝 연결을 특징으로 합니다. 이 표준의 범위는 산업 및 일반 목적에 주로 사용되는 강철 게이트 밸브에 적용되지만, 관련 성능 기준의 요구 사항을 충족하면 다른 용도에도 사용할 수 있습니다. 이 표준의 강점 중 하나는 다양한 명목 크기를 포함하여 DN 8부터 DN 1000까지의 철강밸브 설계가 가능하다는 점입니다. 이는 사용자의 필요에 따라 선택의 폭을 넓혀주며, 특히 DN 750은 특정 클래스 지정 밸브에만 사용된다는 세부사항이 있습니다. 또한, DN 8 및 DN 12는 플랜지 끝 연결에 사용되지 않으며, 소켓 용접 및 나사형 끝 밸브는 DN 8에서 DN 65의 범위로 제한됩니다. 또한, 이 표준은 다양한 압력 명칭을 명시하고 있어, 플랜지 밸브와 끝 용접 밸브에서 PN 10, PN 16, PN 25, PN 40, PN 63 및 PN 100의 압력 범위를 설정하고, 클래스 150, 300 및 600에 대한 요건도 규정하고 있습니다. 소켓 용접 끝 및 나사형 끝 밸브는 PN 10, PN 16, PN 25 및 PN 40과 같은 압력 명칭으로 일반적으로 제조되지 않지만, 클래스 800과 같은 중간 클래스 명칭을 통해 추가적인 유연성을 제공합니다. 결론적으로, SIST EN 1984:2011은 강철 게이트 밸브에 대한 모든 요구 사항을 종합적으로 제시하고 있어, 산업 분야에서의 응용 및 설치 시 필요한 신뢰성과 안전성을 보장하는 데 중요한 역할을 합니다. 이 표준은 강철 게이트 밸브의 설계와 사용에 관한 명확한 지침을 제공하며, 사용자에게 실질적인 이점을 제공합니다.